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第2课 Unit1动词不定式+书面表达
学习目标
动词不定式
知识梳理
动词不定式
定义:
动词不定式的基本形式是to +动词原形,不定式符号to有时可以省略,其否定形式为not to +动词原形.
二、用法
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置.例如:
To learn English well is important.＝It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要.
2.作宾语
(1)及物动词＋动词不定式.
常见的接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)(v.+to do sth.)：
agree 同意 can't wait 迫不及待
choose 选择 decide 决定
want想要 expect 期望
fail 失败 afford负担得起
learn学习 manage 设法
plan计划 prefer 更喜欢
prepare准备 promise 承诺
refuse 拒绝 hope希望
(2)find, think等后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面.例如:
I find it important to protect our environment.我发现保护我们的环境很重要.
3.作宾语补足语
常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)(v.+sb.+to do sth.)
advise 建议 allow允许
ask 要求 encourage 鼓励
expect 期望 force强迫
invite 邀请 order 命令
teach教 tell 告诉
want想要 warn警告
wish 希望 would like 想要
4.作定语
(1)不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词、代词,在句中作定语.不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后.例如:
Li Ming is the first to come to the library.李明是第一个来到图书馆的人.
(2)不定式修饰 something, anything, nothing, somewhere时,放在它们的后面,如果something, anything, nothing, somewhere 有形容词来修饰,词序是“something/anything/nothing/somewhere+形容词＋不定式”.例如:
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你.
5.作状语
(1)作目的状语,放在句首或句尾,有时常用 to do, in order to do, so as to do等来表目的.例如:
To learn English, he decided to go to England.为了学英语,他决定去英国.
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起得很早,为的是赶上第一趟公交车.
(2)作原因状语,和某些形容词连用构成“be＋形容词＋不定式”短语.例如:
I am happy to see my classmates again.我很高兴再次见到我的同学们.
(3)作结果状语,常用结构;enough...to...,too...to....例如:
He is too excited to say anything.他激动得说不出话.
6.作表语
常位于系动词之后来表示主语的职业、职责、目的、愿望等.例如:
My dream is to be a pilot.我的梦想是成为一名飞行员.
7.不定式的常用句型
(1)It is+形容词＋of/for sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事真是太······的／对某人来说做某事是······的”.这一句型应特别注意of和for的使用情况:
for sb.句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词,如:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, interesting等.可转化为“to do sth. +be +adj.+for sb.”.例如:
It was hard for him to learn English well.＝To learn English well was hard for him.
对他来说学好英语太难了.
of sb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, careful等.可转化为“sb.+be +adj. +to do sth.”.例如:
It's very kind of you to help me.＝You are very kind to help me.能帮我的忙,你真是太好了.
(2)It's one's turn to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事了”.例如:
It's my turn to clean the classroom today.今天轮到我打扫教室了.
(3)It takes/took sb. some time/money to do sth.意为“某人花多长时间／多少钱做某事”.例如:
It took me 3 hours to get there.我用了三个小时才到达那里.
(4)It's time to do sth.=It's time for sth.意为“是该做某事的时候了”.该句式也可扩展为It's time for sb.to do sth.意为“是某人该做某事的时候了”.例如:
It's time for us to go to school.我们该去上学了.
sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.意为“某人因······而······”.例如:
I am very sorry to hear that.听说那件事我很难过.
find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth.意为“发现／认为／感到做某事是······的”.例如:
I find it not easy to learn English well.我发现学好英语不容易.
疑问词(what/who/which/when/how/where)+动词不定式作宾语.例如:
I don't know which one to buy.我不知道该买哪一个.
too +adj.+to do sth.表示“太······而不能做某事”.例如:
The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小了,不能照顾自己.
adj./adv.+enough to do sth.表示“足够······可以做某事”.例如:
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了.
Tom runs fast enough to catch up with Li Lei.汤姆跑得那么快,能赶上李雷.
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”;be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”.例如:
My grandparents used to live in the country, but now they are used to living in the city.
我的祖父母过去住在乡下,但是现在习惯住在城市了.
The knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能用来切东西.
注意：省to的情况
在使役动词之后， 如：have, make, let等
在感官动词之后， 如：hear, see, watch, notice.等
在其他固定搭配中， 如：had better do sth, why not do sth, help do sth.
同步练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.My sister wants_____ (learn) to dance in her free time.
2.It's interesting_____ (make) paper flowers on weekends.
3.They hope_____ (visit) the city zoo this Saturday.
4.My parents told me______(finish) my homework first before watching TV.
5.Let's______ (go) to the park this weekend. It will be fun.
6.She decided____ (read) a storybook after dinner.
7.I would like______(have) a cup of coffee after dinner.
8.The teacher asked us____ (bring) our drawing tools to the art class.
9.I choose_____(listen) to music to relax after school.
10.Tom enjoys______(read) books quietly in the library during summer vacation.
11. My father wants me (be) a pilot when I grow up.
12. You’ll never learn (ride) a bike if you don’t practise.
13. Mike is teaching his grandpa how (use) the smart phone.
14. Every evening I see my dad (read) newspapers after dinner.
15. It’s not easy for us (build) a bridge over the Yangtze River.
16. As middle school students, we should try our best to make our dreams (come) true.
二、单项选择
1.( ) It's important for students_____their homework on time every day.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished
2.( ) Our teacher told us_____in the classroom because it's dangerous.
A.not run B.to not run C.not to run D.don't run
3.( ) Lucy hopes_____a piano concert in the school hall this weekend.
A.give B.to give C.giving D.gives
4.( ) Jack practices______the guitar for one hour every day after school.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays
5.( ) My parents encourage me_____the school art club to show my paintings.
A.join B.to join C.joining D.joins
6.( ) Did you decide____to the museum with our class this Saturday
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
7.( ) We need____the classroom clean and tidy every day.
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept
8.( ) My classmates and I spend time____different kinds of games at the weekend.
A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays
9.( ）Remember____your sports shoes when you have a PE lesson.
A.take B.to take C.taking D.takes
10.( ) It's a good way_____stress by listening to music after class.
A.reduce B.to reduce C.reducing D.reduced
三．根据句意， 用方框内所给的单词或短语的适当形式填空。
No one else wants to take on his work Well then, let me .
He the habit of writing down his goals at the start of each month.
Even though learning English is hard, I don’t want easily.
Before the exam, the teacher asked us with each other to keep the classroom quiet.
After failing the first try, she decided herself harder in training to improve her skills.
四．综合填空。
Hobbies can not only bring us joy but also help to keep our traditional culture alive. Zhang Dingjuan often 1. (share) her bamboo weaving (编织) works on the Internet.
Zhang, from Sichuan, said that bamboo weaving in Sichuan has history of thousands of years. People first 2. (use) it to make tools, such as baskets, bags and so on. Now, it becomes 3. art form.
After finishing her studies at Chengdu University in 2019, Zhang went back to her hometown to work 4. a bamboo work maker. She taught 5. (she) some basic skills at first through online videos. As her love fro the art grew, she went to learn bamboo weaving from a skilled master (大师）. She learned very 6. (careful) and practised every day.
7. (make) bamboo weaving more fun and interesting, Zhang loves trying new ideas in her works.
For example, one of her famous 8. (piece) showed the use of modern colour in the bamboo weaving. This made the patterns look more lifelike. It also gave her new 9. (create) ideas.
“Traditional skills may have gone away, 10. now they’re coming back with new life and becoming part of our lives,” Zhang said.
五．阅读理解
( ) 1. In which SECTION of the newspaper can we read the news
A. SPORTS NEWS. B. LIFE ACTIVITIES. C. WORLD HISTORY. D. SCIENCE REPORT.
( ) 2. What activity did young people in Hangzhou enjoy during the holiday
A. An outdoor water sport. B. Mountain climbing. C. Singing in a choir. D. Reading old books.
( ) 3. How does Yangshuo rock climbing meet different people’s needs
A. By offering different routes. B. By giving free music tickets.
C. By sending different boat trips. D. By building new climbing schools.
( ) 4. The best heading for the third piece of news would be ____.
A Professional Choir B. Popular Music for Choirs
C. Young People Sing for Fun D. Dialect Songs in Music Halls
( ) 5. What does the above news focus on
Young people’s schoolwork B. New hobbies for the young
C.Ways to help students relax D. Popular outdoor activities
第二部分 书面表达——爱好
【写作话题】
假设你是张伟，学校英语俱乐部正在开展以“My Favourite Hobby”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文介绍自己最喜欢的爱好，谈谈它是如何开始的、你从中获得的乐趣以及它对你生活的影响。词数100词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
要点提示：
1. What’s your hobby
2. How did you get into it
3. Why do you like it
开头已给出：
Hello, everyone! Hobbies can make our life more colourful.
【谋篇布局】
首段：和大家打招呼，引入主题，点明自己最喜欢的爱好并引起下文。
起始句
Hobbies can make our life more colourful.
Different people have different hobbies.
3. Today, I’d like to share my favourite hobby with you.
中段： 具体介绍爱好是什么、如何开始的以及爱好带来的乐趣和影响。
中间句
My favourite hobby is playing basketball.
I started to love playing basketball when I was 10.
Playing basketball not only makes me energetic but also helps me make friends.
4. It gives me such a sense of achievement to win the match.
尾段：总结全文，表达对爱好的喜爱之情。
结尾句
All in all, playing basketball is really a wonderful hobby for me.
I will keep playing basketball and enjoy it forever.
3. In a word, I love playing basketball so much.
【好句积累】
1. Hobbies are the spices of life. 爱好是生活的调味料。
2. The time you enjoy wasting is not wasted time. 你乐于挥霍的时间，就不是被浪费的时间。
3. A hobby is an investment in happiness. 爱好是对幸福的投资。
4. A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。
5. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克也变傻。
【句式升级】
1. The players’ wonderful skills and the exciting atmosphere made me love basketball at once.
（用 fall in love with 改写）
2. It makes me energetic and helps me stay in good shape and reduce stress after a long day of study.（用 not only…but also… 改写）
3. Winning a game gives me a great sense of achievement.（用 when 引导时间状语从句改写）

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