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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
“How can I learn English well " This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most e___l___ way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can r___2___ the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner i___3___. Your English will be quite perfect.
This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you will find it not h___4___ so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make r___5___ progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.
Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at j___6___ and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother t___7___. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how i___1___ our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very c___2___ to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see d___3___ things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the o___4___ problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book u___5___ they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became b___6___. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its d___7___. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye is not as s___8___ as the sides of the eye after dark.
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主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文
Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other p___l___ things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop d___2___ and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large n___3___, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too c___4___ to plant and look after new trees. So the Forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil, make the rain in, and also bind the soil. thus stopping it from being w___5___ away easily; but where there are no trees. the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless d___6___
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：专题报道
Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops c___1___ people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork a___2___ they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have a___3___ to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates: and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers w___4___ going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees.
Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more s___5___ to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other r ___6___. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also t___7___ laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything."
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(5)
主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
Let children learn to j___l___ their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the d___2___ between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary c___3___ to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being t___4___ to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a c___5___ to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him.
We act as if we thought that he would never n___6___ a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers w___7___ time on such routine work Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the d___1___ of a sewing machine(缝纫机)but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a p___2___ sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and o___3___ his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears (矛) raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, r___4___ that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run t___5___ a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practiced sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great p___6___ Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep
Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still a___7___ part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It s___8___ all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves".
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Animated movies are ones that use drawings instead of real people Artists must draw thousands of pictures, and each picture must be a l___1___ different. For example, if the movie maker wants to show a girl running, the artist must draw her feet in different places in each picture. When the pictures are shown very q___2___ one after another, it looks like the girl is running. Walt Disney was not the first or only one person to use animation in movies, but he is the most famous. His first Mickey Mouse cartoon in 1928,was called Plane Crazy. This was a short, silent movie about the adventures of a little mouse. Today, 70 years later, Mickey Mouse is still a favorite character, and there are hundreds of cartoons and storybooks about him in many 1___3___.
Many people in the movie business thought that animation was only useful for short cartoons. They did not think people would want to see long movies made from moving drawings. Disney did not agree with them. He believed he could tell any kind of story using animation. His first l___4___ movie was Snow White and Seven Dwarfs. Disney spent all his money making this movie. Fortunately, it was a great suecess. He next made Dumbo, about a baby elephant, and this was f___5___ by many more movies. Many of these are still popular today.
When we think of Disney, however, we don't think only of movies, we also think of Disneyland. There are Disneylands in Japan, the USA, France, Hong Kong and Shanghai. They are large parks where people can meet c___6___ from Disney’s movies and visit scenes from his movies. A___7___ Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them. Today, we can buy them on video, and from time to time we can see them in theatres. When Walt Disney began making his animated cartoons all those years ago, people drew all the pictures by h___8___. Nowadays, much of this work is done by computers.
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(3)
主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Traffic rules around the world
Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road. Some traffic rules in some countries are quite u___1___. Travelers should be aware of these rules if they are planning to e___2___ these countries by car.
Some interesting traffic rules are related to a___3___. One strange traffic law in Massachusetts, U.S.A (美国马萨诸塞州) says that gorillas are followed to travel in a car. However, they can only ride in the passenger seat. Drivers will f___4___ a fine if they allow a gorilla to ride in the backseat.
Many people like to take dogs in their cars. In Italy, drivers who take their dogs on a road trip are required to fasten their dog's seat belt. In Germany, dogs and other pets are considered cargo (货物). A___5___ there is no safety belt rule, pets must be protected against slipping and falling in the vehicle.
Speeding is usually judged by a speed camera. However, in speed zones of 30km/h or less, traffic police in Austria can use their own j___6___ to estimate the speed of a car. Depending on the policeman's guess, sometimes drivers may receive a speeding ticket even though they traveling u___7___ the speed limit.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp r___l___ its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its o___2___ value.
The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for stamps was sent to a London printer. Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to i___3___ stamps.
Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the i___4___. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he p___5___.
Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left, fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s r___6___ and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文
Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this f___1___ to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in c___2___ touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.
E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the o___3___. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.
The Internet also makes it easy to share t___4___ with a group of friends. Say you do something fun-see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may be t___5___ of telling the story.
With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your c___6___ and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply when they are convenient, and you can read what they have to say when you are convenient.
E-mail is also an i___7___ way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.
We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't take the place of any of the old ways.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文
The dictionary defines a scrapbook as "an empty book for collecting and preserving photographs, newspaper articles, and other papers. "Today', scrapbooking is also a verb—and a popular new h___1___. We talked with Diane Lucas of .
Q: What is scrapbooking
When I make a scrapbook page, I take a few of my family photos and put them into a "layout"—a page that uses fancy paper, stickers, drawings, and words to show the theme. For example, this page about my son is called "First Day at School". Here's a photo of him and one of his drawings, and I d___2___ it with ribbons, stickers and so on. When you make a scrapbook, you put words and pictures together to show the important times in your life. It's like a personal h___3___.
Q: How did you get started
I made my first scrapbook ten years ago, when my father died. When I looked through his desk. I found the most wonderful things—like the cards my parents sent each other, and photos from his Army days. Those were such precious m___4___. I couldn’t t___5___ away anything, so I made two scrapbooks, for my brother and me.
Q: Do you know other people who made scrapbooks
Oh, yes! We call ourselves "scrappers," and we love to get together. We often have "crops," big parties where we all make our scrapbooks. We bring our scissors and papers and our b___6___ of photos, and we talk while working on new pages. It is time for e___7___. When friends show pictures and tell stories about our families, and our lives. At the same time, we create a book to keep those memories.
Q: Why is scrapbooking so popular these days
I think people want to keep their family stories, and d___8___ them to other people. When you make a scrapbook, you can pass the stories to your children, and your grandchildren. So many people today want to do that! If you go online, you will find scrapbooking websites from Norway, New Zealand and South Africa. We all have boxes of pictures, and we all want to keep those precious memories. That’s the real value of scrapbooking: sharing your family and your story.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文
We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every single d___1___ of all the events in her daily life.
Rebecca Sharrock,25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been identified as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forger w___2___ days— as if it had happened just moments ago.
"I remember my mum placing me in the driver, s seat of: a car and taking a picture of me when I was twelve years old,” she said. "That's my e___3___ memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates e___4___ because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that day, what the weather was like and so on.”
Rebecca can also re-experience taste. If she's eating something unpleasant, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so p___5___ that she can nearly “taste” it.
However, there are times when her memories prove to be painful as it's not just events that she re-members. "When I relive (再体验) memories, the feelings r___6___, too.” Rebecca said. "For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents’ house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.”
"At night, I have to sleep with the r___7___ and a soft light on," she added. "If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all those memories and I can't sleep."
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
It was 3:21 a.m., when ten-year-old Glenn Creamer was woken Lip by the s___l___ of burning. Except for the cracking of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound in the two-floor house. But he realized at once what was happening.
As his father was away on night d___2___ at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his 14-year-old sister Karen and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped them through the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick b___3___ and coughing, couldn’t move any more.
The ten-year-old r___4___ back into the house and upstairs into his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy kept calm. As a fireman said later, "He acted with all the self-control of a r___5___ adult."
On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father. After Glenn made sure his father would telephone the firemen and ambulance service, he got on with the task of saving his mother.
First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. In this way, she would be kept away from the fire before the firemen arrived. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.
He could hear the fire e___6___ coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where fire had almost covered the ground floor .
Fetching a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and rushed upstairs to his mother's room. He tied one e___7___ of the string to her hand. Then he began to run back. He laid out the string as he went through the hall and back out into the garden.
Minutes later he was telling fire Chief John Coughlan, "The string will l___8___ you to mother” Mrs. Creamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the e ___1___ of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear b___2___ able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those w___3___ such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people d___4___ themselves against illness, and the a___5___ of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways. First. Friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they v___6___ us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel a___7___ by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solution to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities; with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our w___8___ and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Many people are interested in family history, an area of study called genealogy (家谱学). Most genealogy experts have heard about the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Library c___1___ to have the largest collection of genealogical records in the world. Shirley Griffith has more about this unusual research center.
The Family History Library has many records to help people s___2___ for information about their family histories. It has b___3___, marriage and death records from religious groups and governments. The collection includes official population, court and property records. It also includes burial records, ship passenger lists and published family histories. The Family History Library has information from almost every area of the world. Most records are from 1550 through 1920. These records include the names of more than two thousand million people who have died. The library has few records of l___4___ persons.
The Family History Libra0, is operated by the Church of .Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The church has been g___5___ family history records around the world for more than one hundred years. The group urges (催促) its members to Study the lives of early family members as a religions requirement.
The Family History Library is open to the public every day except Sunday and some holidays. Visitors are invited to use its books and other materials. Library officials say it is one of the most popular places for visitors in Utah. About two thousand four hundred people use the library each day.
Individuals, families and p___6___ groups have given some of their records to the library. The library brought other records from governments. All the information is gathered with the a___7___ of governments or officials who supervise the records.
The library copies many records to a kind of film that can be read with special equipment. It is known as microfilm. The collection is always e___8___. Today, Church representatives are making copies of important records around the world.
Many people find it difficult to travel to Utah to use the Family History Library. So, the Church has set up more than three thousand Family History Centers in seventy-five countries around the world.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight (v.夜间兼职), or hold more than one job.
Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist (精神病大夫) h___l___ to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center.
Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year.
Many workers like the s___2___ that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of "Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side."
The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household e___3___ or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things.
People also take second jobs with an e___4___ to the future—wanting to try out a new field or gain experience.
Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable. He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing.
Just as the purposes for moonlighting v___5___, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries—no longer just service, office and sale jobs.
"Technology just affects your ability to make money,” Hausman says. "That makes a frequent change in moonlighting."
As its name means, moonlighting still o___6___ mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time.
Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance.
"The primary employer is saying, “Wait. I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,"' says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. "If your re burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show."
Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra i___7___, moonlighters enjoy variety, freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time.
Besides, "it's fun." Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job.
"It’s a way of pulling from the spice cabinet" he says, "and offering a little variety throughout the day.”
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文
Have you ever been in a meeting and suddenly found that your mind was a million miles away while someone was making a speech You probably felt s___l___ and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from the earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.
"On the contrary," says an expert in psychology, "daydreaming is quite n___2___. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking it has to do in daily life. You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. In fact, your unconscioucsmind is working out problems all the time. The unconscious and conscious states of mind have a s___3___ dialogue in the way of daydreaming."
Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreaming, and even c___4___ it harmful. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, "Now we know that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we o___5___ our lives, learn from our experiences and plan for future." Daydreams really show the things we f___6___ and the things we desire in life.
Daydreams are usually very simple and direct while sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by s___7___ your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help one r___8___ the difficult situation in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them. So next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m___1___ to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.
One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r___2___ this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be calm. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find s___3___ from the freezing wind and snow.
Nicholas built a snow c___4___. He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b___5___ to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far. o___6___ he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the t___7___ that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a___8___ that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm.
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主题语境：人与 主题群： 语篇类型：文
One day Doctor Ken received a call and was told that a boy called Franco needed an i___1___ operation. He entered the hospital hurriedly. He changed his clothes and went directly to the operating room.
Francois father was walking up and down in the hall, waiting for the doctor. On seeing Doctor Ken, the father shouted, "Why did you take so long to come Don’t you know my son is life is in danger Don't you have any sense of r___2___ "
Doctor Ken smiled and said. "I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could and now. I wish you'd sit down and be patient so that I can do my work.”
"Be patient ! What if your son was in this room right now If your own son dies while waiting for the doctor, then what will you do ” said Franco's father angrily.
Doctor Ken smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also p___3___ for your son's healthy life.”
The operation lasted several hours. Then Doctor Ken went out of the operating room happily. "Thank goodness! Your son is saved!" And without waiting for the father’s r___4___ he ran out of the hospital, saying, "If 'you have any question, ask the nurse.”
"Why " c___5___ Franco's father, "He couldn’t even wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state.”
The nurse answered, t___6___ coming down her face. "Doctor Ken's son died in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s operation. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son's burial.’’
Hearing this, Franco's father felt so sorry. And at the same time he was really a___7___.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
If you are going to apply for a job, be prepared for the kinds of interviews you can expect. One type of interviews is the telephone interview. Here are some tips for telephone interviews: p___l___. the question. Before the interview, guess and write down the questions you might be asked. Practice the answers orally until you are satisfied with yourself. The questions can be about your working experiences, skills and a___2___.
Keep your notes h___3___. Have any key information next to the phone, including your notes about the company and the questions you have prepared for. Then you can easily get the information you need. In this way, you will s___4___ more prepared.
Avoid salary topics. When you are asked how much money you would expect, it’s not wise if you give no response. But it’s not right to give an exact number at once. Try to be open to d___5___, so you'd better say something like. "If this is the right job for me. I believe we can come to an agreement on salary.”
Push for a face-to-face meeting. At the end of the interview, don't forget to s___6___ yourself. You can say something like, "I am very interested in your company. If possible I’d be really happy to see some of your managers. I am free either Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning. Which would be better for you ”
Try to rearrange surprise interviews. If you receive an interview call without any e___7___, you can politely ask them to arrange another time for the interview, so you can be better prepared. Try something like, "I am sorry but I can't do it right now. Can I call you back tomorrow after work, at 6pm. ”
After the telephone interview, only a few are left for face-to-face interview, so get prepared and good luck!
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Inventions named after people
Many new things are invented each year. Interestingly, some inventions are named after the people who invented them, making the inventions and inventors easier to be r___1___.
The bowler hat (圆顶高帽) is named after London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler. The brothers received an o___2___ from Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester. They were asked to design a hat for Coke’s gamekeepers to p___3___ their heads from branches while on horseback. Later, the stylish hat became popular in Europe and the United States.
Another invention that is named after its inventor is Braille, a writing system used by b___4___ people. French educator Louis Braille developed a new system of reading and writing after learning the cyptography (密码) of French Captain Charles Barbier during the war. The captain had come up with a c___5___ of dots on paper that allowed soldiers to communicate in the dark.
The diesel engine is also named after its inventor—German engineer Rudolf Diesel. After a few dangerous tests, he invented a new and more e___6___ engine in 1892 and the engine was later called the diesel engine. The engines were widely used in buses, trucks, trains and s___7___, and Rudolf Diesel became a millionaire.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors b___l___ part of the final grade on the students oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and i___2___ lectures. In graduate discussions the professor had a "manager” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these discussions.
A professor's teaching method is another factor that d___3___ the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class, without controlling it. Many professors encourage Students to q___4___ their ideas. Students who object to the professor's point of- view should be prepared to p___5___ their positions.
In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generally t___6___, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years. Students in education, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in g___7___, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are p___8___ rather than theoretical, they pay more attention to "doing” for themselves.
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主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文
The koala is u___1___ to Australia and is an important symbol of the country. The koala is find in open eucalypt (桉树) forests in south-east Queensland. Even if it is called koala bear, this animal has n___2___ to do with the actual bear. Koalas have thick fur and large ears. Their broad and flat nose makes them look cute, similar to teddy bears. In fact koalas aren't cute. They have sharp teeth and very sharp claws! Koalas are marsupials (袋类). This means the mother c___3___ her baby in a pocket while it develops similar to a kangaroo. The baby koala lives in its mother's pocket for the first six months of-its life.
The name "koala" comes from a native Australian word that means "no drink". The koala gets a___4___ all their water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat. That's where they get their food too. Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. The eucalyptus trees are where the koalas live. It's also where they sleep. Koalas sleep about nineteen hours a day!
Why do they sleep so much Some people think it's because they're lazy. But koalas aren't lazy. They sleep so much because there isn't much nutrition in eucalyptus leaves. Koalas store h___5___ any fat, so they must save their energy. One way to do this is to move slowly and sleep a lot. After a day of sleeping they like to move around and eat just after s___6___. They live alone most of the time. Koalas are very protective of their trees. If a koala sees another koala eating in its favorite tree, it might tell the other koala to leave by “barking” at it. Koalas do "talk" to each other. Besides barks, the males make a deep grunting (呼噜的) sound. The mothers and babies talk in soft clicking sounds. If they get s___7___ they may scream like a baby. The koala is also an excellent swimmer. They are able to cross rivers to escape from heavy flooding.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Former Presidents in the United States continue to receive special government services and money after their presidential term (总统任期) ends. Each former president receives r___1___ pay money to pay travelling expenses and money to pay the people who continue to work for them. They also get security p___2___ for the rest of their lives.
Some former presidents seem to have d___3___ from public life. But others continue to make contributions to the society.
Fonner President Jimmy Carter is well known for his earnest devotion since he left office. He helps build homes for poor Americans and helps settle international d___4___. And he has written several books. Many people have called Carter an example of a successful former president. Some experts note that public approval (公众的赞许) of Carter increased several years after his defeat in the presidential election of 1980.
Just the opposite happened to former president Ronald Reagan. His p___5___ fell after he left office. Many people criticized him for a___6___ an offer from a wealthy Japanese publisher to visit Japan. There he was paid about two million dollars just to make a few appearances. In 1994, Reagan began to suffering from Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) and died ten years later.
Former President George Bush has made few public appearances since leaving office. Recently. However, he and former President Bill Clinton have traveled together to places in need of aid following natural disasters.
Bill Clinton is one of the most a___7___ former presidents. He makes speeches around the world, he wrote a best-selling book about his life. And he has set up a foundation that offers various supports to people in need, including providing low cost medicines for people with AIDS around the world.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Recently the unmanned aircraft which are called drones (无人机) have come into use for a number of business purposes. Basically, a drone is a flying robot. The aircraft may be remotely controlled or can fly a___1___ through flight programs in their systems. The little planes used to be very costly. In the past, they were mostly used in the military. But as they have d___2___ in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
A company in France is using drones to help farmers examine their crops and limit the a___3___ of fertilizer they use. The Fast development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and cell phones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less-costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore a___4___ buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to m___5___ their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help fanners. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the g___6___. They called it "Agridrone (农业无人机).” It uses a special "optical sensor (光学感应器)" to examine crops.
The technology used is similar to that used by smart phones except that it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different time of the season. He says it provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly w___7___ the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says fanners use information g___8___ by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it was needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares (会顷) in about a minute.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：新闻报道
The baby is taking photos with his parents. the Duke and Duchess (公爵公爵夫人) of Cambridge. The pictures were taken by the duchess' father. Michael Middleton, in the garden of their family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire. Taken earlier this month, they show the royal couple, Prince George and their black cocker spaniel (西班牙猎犬), Lupo. Tilly, a golden dog, belonging to the Middleton family, can be seen l___1___ down behind them. The photographs of Prince George, who was born on 22 July, were published by Kensington Palace.
On Monday Prince William, giving his first i___2___ since becoming a father, told CNN: "He either r___3___ me of my brother or me when I was younger, I'm not sure, but he's doing very well at the moment."
BBC reporter Nicholas Witchell said the new family looks "unselfconscious (自然的), relaxed and happy—much like most couples might look with their first-born baby". He added: "Of course they are aware of what is e___4___ of them. There will be staff— a nanny (保姆) to help in due course (适时地) , but for the moment it’s all rather informal and many might think, refreshing."
Famous photographer Tery O'Neill said he thought the pictures were "absolutely charming". "It reminded me when I first started p___5___ for myself—I just went for the light, and it was really interesting lighting. As a matter of fact when I heard about these pictures. I thought 'Who have they got to do these pictures’—and the thought c___6___ my mind they might have asked the Queen because she's quite a good photographer.”
The cultural and education manager of Magnum Photos, Fiona Rogers. told Radio 4's Today program the photograph of the couple and Prince George with the family's dogs was "technically not the most accomplished (技艺高超的) photograph".
"It's a photograph that any one of us could have in our family albums," she said.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls.
However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, "There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at b___l___ which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are w___2___ at science and maths, or whether they've been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ "territory".
Statistics show that in mathematics; at least, girls are e___3___ to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still a___4___ for women to say that they are 'hopeless' at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys', they have not been encouraged to do so.
The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to c___5___ tasks independently, although boys are. For example, boys are often asked to 'help' with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.
A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more a___6___ to boys than to girls. Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them c___7___ and makes them believe that they can succeed.
Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such 'male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics course, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.
Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open c___8___ with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
The Internet is full of false information. It is important for us all to avoid being f___1___ by such information. Here are three examples of Internet hoaxes.
On his website, a man by the name of Tony has asked for gifts of money to save the life of a pretty little rabbit named Toby that he r___2___ from under his house. A cat must have attacked the rabbit, the man claimed, so he took it in. He gave Toby loving care and nursed him back to health. There is a very c___3___ point, however. If the greedy man doesn't receive enough money, he will eat poor little Toby. (Don't worry, though. Remember, it's just a hoax!)
While the streets of New Orleans, the USA. were still flooded after a terrible h___4___, a Frightening e-mail was sent around the Internet. It included a photograph of a large crocodile over five meters long. According to the message, it had been swimming around the flooded city eating people. It was later d___5___ that the photographs of the crocodile were of one that was caught in the Congo (刚果) years before.
The following e-Mail hoax t___6___ in many people. It claims that a large British company will pay you to send their e-mail to as many people as possible. For every person that you send the e-mail to, it p___7___ you will receive $5.00; for every person that you send it to that sends it to someone else, you'll get $3.00; and for every third person that receives it, you will be paid $1.00. To make it even more b___8___, the sender says that at first he thought it was a hoax, but the company soon sent him $800.00.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Although the first airplane did not fly until 1903, flying soon became the fastest method of transport. Today it is people's Favorite way of traveling long distances because it has a lot of advantages.
The first airplanes were not big or powerful enough to carry more than a p___l___, but during the First World War (1914-1918) larger aircraft with up to four engines were d___2___ to carry bombs. Aftter the war some of these were changed to carry a few passenger services. In 1919 the First regular passenger services were started between several cities in Europe.
Air transport was even then too expensive for most cargoes (货物), but mail began to be carried by air at an early stage. This was partly because letters are small and l___3___, and partly because businessmen, especially, were p___4___ to pay more for their mail to be delivered by the fastest method. After all, in the United States, where letters could take over a week to c___5___ the country by train, airmail services were the first regular transport flights.
The early passenger aircraft could carry only about 12 passengers, and only enough l___6___ for short journeys. For long distances, such as from Europe to the United states, filled with very light gas and able to float through the air, began to be used in the 1930s.
By the end of the Second World War in 1945, much larger airplanes had been made. At the same time, military airfields had been built all over the world, and long-distance routes had been set up. After the war, the i___7___ of the jet engine, which produces much greater power, allowed even bigger and faster aircraft to be built. Today's wide-bodied airplanes can carry as many as 800 passengers.
Modern air transport passenger services are quite convenient, Air transport has allowed more people to travel abroad than ever before.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Beatlemania is a very strong feeling for the group, the Beatles. The Beatles were four young musicians from Liverpool, England. Their names were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. These four men n___l___ took music lessons. They taught themselves to play music.
In 1957, John c___2___ a group called the Quarrymen. At that time, he was only 16 years old. Then he met Paul. They began to write songs and sing together. Soon, George joined them. The group played in England, and then in Germany. In 1962, Ringo joined them. Then John, Paul. George and Ringo were the Beatles.
The Beatles made their first hit song in 1962. The song was "Love Me Do." In 1963, their song "Please Please Me” was a bigger hit. In all, they had twenty-nine hit songs. By 1963, the Beatles were very p___3___ in England, and Beatlemania started. They had many fans. At concerts. their fans s___4___ very very loudly. The Beatles could not hear themselves sing. The next year, the Beatles went to the United States. The Americans loved them, too. People everywhere c___5___ their clothes and their hair. This rock-and-roll group was welcomed by people all over the world.
The Beatles b___6___ up in 1970. They wanted to play new music. All of the Beatles did interesting, new things. John wrote music with his wife. Paul started a new group with his wife. George and Ringo made their own r___7___ and gave concerts. Sadly. John was shot dead in New York in 1980. He was forty years old. George became sick and died in 2001.
We still hear Beatles songs on the radio today. Their music and songs will live in our hearts forever.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
Once there was a little girl named Mary Lennox and her two little friends. Dickon and Colin. Both of Mary's parents died when she was a little baby. She was sent to her uncle, Mr. Archilbald Craven, who had a son named Colin.
Mary was once a s___l___ girl. She cared for nobody else except herself and she was always alone. She started to know the word "friend" after she met Dickon, the gardener’s son. The little boy was very kind to Mary. They went to the Secret Garden every day, p___2___ and playing. Mary never e___3___ that making the garden beautiful would bring such a wonderful feeling to her. She was so happy to be with Dickon that she almost forgot all the sad things around her. She came out of her small l___4___ world.
After she met Colin, Mary finally found the very person to take care of Colin, the sick boy who couldn't even walk, had been in bed for taken care of by the servants, but no one really cared how he was. He couldn't find any reason to live. +So he cried and cried, thinking about death. But Mary came, Colin was completely a___5___ to Mary and to all those fresh thoughts and stories which came out of her mouth. Of Course, the most exciting of all was the Secret Garden.
The feeling of having someone s___6___ your secret is wonderful, especially for the children. Colin used to be too weak to change his life, but now he had Mary. Dickon and the Secret Garden. All these gave him c___7___. Finally, with the help of his two little Friends, he managed to stand up for the first time.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their v___l___.
AT&T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even b___2___ the voices of long-dead famous people back to life.
The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never a___3___ said.
P___4___ customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the r___5___ to a famous person's voice (Some experts even believe that new contracts (合同) will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.)
And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud (假冒), would the synthesized (合成的) voices at last be able to t___6___ people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know
Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT&T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new t___7___ might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph any more.“ he said, "Vou won't be able to trust a voice either”.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文
Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection (友情) and companionship. In the past, many people spent their entire lives in the communities in which they were born and r___l___. Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters alter they were m___2___ and had children of their own. By remaining in familiar communities with relatives nearby, families had enough opportunities for friendly contact and for support in time of t___3___.
Recent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modem societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the immediate family. Parents and children often live a___4___ from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family m___5___ when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighborhood. Together. loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship.
Because the family is one of the few ongoing s___6___ of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husband's or wife's e___7___ needs are not met within the family circle—even if all other family functions are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone (试金石) of the modern family.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文
Up until I went to school, I was a happy child. Then kids found out that learning was difficult For me and they would point out and call me names. I was p___l___ at math, English, and science. I remember sitting in class one day, divided up into groups, w___2___ a girl in my group stood up, pointing to me, and said, "I’m not going to work with that stupid boy!" It made me feel terrible.
Through primary school and middle school, I could h___3___ read. A professional came to our home one day, after putting me through a number of tests, he told my mother that I would never be able to read. My mother was so a___4___ that she told him to leave the house.
Years later, as a new high school student, I p___5___ up a science fiction book one day, and to my great joy, it was suddenly easy to read. The stories in the book stimulated my i___6___. Then the words weren’t words anymore but pictures in my head. I started to read other books and really got interested in reading. I started learning better and using larger words.
It was about at this time that I began to excel at arts. I learned that I have an incredible eye for shapes and designs. I write about my experiences. I write poetry, too. Towards the end of high school, I won a lot of h___ 7___.
Grades are important. But there is so much more to an education than good grades. So don’t let grades get in the way of your education.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：记叙文
An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock Holmes
I think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s___1___ in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.
I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went upstairs. I always did this m___2___ to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen. the storeroom, the living room, and f___3___ the dining room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was open. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room. The window is a long French one, which really forms a door l___4___ to the lawn. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, trembling. I s___5___ back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground.
I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c___6___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth p___7___ me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband ca(1)
主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
“How can I learn English well " This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most e___l___ way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can r___2___ the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner i___3___. Your English will be quite perfect.
This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you will find it not h___4___ so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make r___5___ progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.
Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at j___6___ and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother t___7___. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how i___1___ our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very c___2___ to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see d___3___ things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the o___4___ problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book u___5___ they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became b___6___. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its d___7___. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye is not as s___8___ as the sides of the eye after dark.
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主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文
Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other p___l___ things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop d___2___ and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large n___3___, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too c___4___ to plant and look after new trees. So the Forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil, make the rain in, and also bind the soil. thus stopping it from being w___5___ away easily; but where there are no trees. the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless d___6___
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：专题报道
Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops c___1___ people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork a___2___ they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have a___3___ to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates: and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers w___4___ going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees.
Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more s___5___ to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other r ___6___. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also t___7___ laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything."
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
Let children learn to j___l___ their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the d___2___ between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary c___3___ to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being t___4___ to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a c___5___ to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him.
We act as if we thought that he would never n___6___ a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers w___7___ time on such routine work Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the d___1___ of a sewing machine(缝纫机)but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a p___2___ sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and o___3___ his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears (矛) raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, r___4___ that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run t___5___ a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practiced sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great p___6___ Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep
Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still a___7___ part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It s___8___ all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves".
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Animated movies are ones that use drawings instead of real people Artists must draw thousands of pictures, and each picture must be a l___1___ different. For example, if the movie maker wants to show a girl running, the artist must draw her feet in different places in each picture. When the pictures are shown very q___2___ one after another, it looks like the girl is running. Walt Disney was not the first or only one person to use animation in movies, but he is the most famous. His first Mickey Mouse cartoon in 1928,was called Plane Crazy. This was a short, silent movie about the adventures of a little mouse. Today, 70 years later, Mickey Mouse is still a favorite character, and there are hundreds of cartoons and storybooks about him in many 1___3___.
Many people in the movie business thought that animation was only useful for short cartoons. They did not think people would want to see long movies made from moving drawings. Disney did not agree with them. He believed he could tell any kind of story using animation. His first l___4___ movie was Snow White and Seven Dwarfs. Disney spent all his money making this movie. Fortunately, it was a great suecess. He next made Dumbo, about a baby elephant, and this was f___5___ by many more movies. Many of these are still popular today.
When we think of Disney, however, we don't think only of movies, we also think of Disneyland. There are Disneylands in Japan, the USA, France, Hong Kong and Shanghai. They are large parks where people can meet c___6___ from Disney’s movies and visit scenes from his movies. A___7___ Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them. Today, we can buy them on video, and from time to time we can see them in theatres. When Walt Disney began making his animated cartoons all those years ago, people drew all the pictures by h___8___. Nowadays, much of this work is done by computers.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Traffic rules around the world
Traffic rules are made to keep order on the road. Some traffic rules in some countries are quite u___1___. Travelers should be aware of these rules if they are planning to e___2___ these countries by car.
Some interesting traffic rules are related to a___3___. One strange traffic law in Massachusetts, U.S.A (美国马萨诸塞州) says that gorillas are followed to travel in a car. However, they can only ride in the passenger seat. Drivers will f___4___ a fine if they allow a gorilla to ride in the backseat.
Many people like to take dogs in their cars. In Italy, drivers who take their dogs on a road trip are required to fasten their dog's seat belt. In Germany, dogs and other pets are considered cargo (货物). A___5___ there is no safety belt rule, pets must be protected against slipping and falling in the vehicle.
Speeding is usually judged by a speed camera. However, in speed zones of 30km/h or less, traffic police in Austria can use their own j___6___ to estimate the speed of a car. Depending on the policeman's guess, sometimes drivers may receive a speeding ticket even though they traveling u___7___ the speed limit.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp r___l___ its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and a half times its o___2___ value.
The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847, an order for stamps was sent to a London printer. Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to i___3___ stamps.
Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the i___4___. A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps. He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office” instead of Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he p___5___.
Today there are only twenty-six of these misprinted stamps left, fourteen One Penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues. Because of the Two Penny Blue’s r___6___ and age, collectors have paid as much as $16,800 for it.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文
Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this f___1___ to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in c___2___ touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.
E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the o___3___. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.
The Internet also makes it easy to share t___4___ with a group of friends. Say you do something fun-see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may be t___5___ of telling the story.
With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your c___6___ and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply when they are convenient, and you can read what they have to say when you are convenient.
E-mail is also an i___7___ way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.
We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't take the place of any of the old ways.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：应用文
The dictionary defines a scrapbook as "an empty book for collecting and preserving photographs, newspaper articles, and other papers. "Today', scrapbooking is also a verb—and a popular new h___1___. We talked with Diane Lucas of .
Q: What is scrapbooking
When I make a scrapbook page, I take a few of my family photos and put them into a "layout"—a page that uses fancy paper, stickers, drawings, and words to show the theme. For example, this page about my son is called "First Day at School". Here's a photo of him and one of his drawings, and I d___2___ it with ribbons, stickers and so on. When you make a scrapbook, you put words and pictures together to show the important times in your life. It's like a personal h___3___.
Q: How did you get started
I made my first scrapbook ten years ago, when my father died. When I looked through his desk. I found the most wonderful things—like the cards my parents sent each other, and photos from his Army days. Those were such precious m___4___. I couldn’t t___5___ away anything, so I made two scrapbooks, for my brother and me.
Q: Do you know other people who made scrapbooks
Oh, yes! We call ourselves "scrappers," and we love to get together. We often have "crops," big parties where we all make our scrapbooks. We bring our scissors and papers and our b___6___ of photos, and we talk while working on new pages. It is time for e___7___. When friends show pictures and tell stories about our families, and our lives. At the same time, we create a book to keep those memories.
Q: Why is scrapbooking so popular these days
I think people want to keep their family stories, and d___8___ them to other people. When you make a scrapbook, you can pass the stories to your children, and your grandchildren. So many people today want to do that! If you go online, you will find scrapbooking websites from Norway, New Zealand and South Africa. We all have boxes of pictures, and we all want to keep those precious memories. That’s the real value of scrapbooking: sharing your family and your story.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文
We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every single d___1___ of all the events in her daily life.
Rebecca Sharrock,25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been identified as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forger w___2___ days— as if it had happened just moments ago.
"I remember my mum placing me in the driver, s seat of: a car and taking a picture of me when I was twelve years old,” she said. "That's my e___3___ memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates e___4___ because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that day, what the weather was like and so on.”
Rebecca can also re-experience taste. If she's eating something unpleasant, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so p___5___ that she can nearly “taste” it.
However, there are times when her memories prove to be painful as it's not just events that she re-members. "When I relive (再体验) memories, the feelings r___6___, too.” Rebecca said. "For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents’ house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.”
"At night, I have to sleep with the r___7___ and a soft light on," she added. "If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all those memories and I can't sleep."
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
It was 3:21 a.m., when ten-year-old Glenn Creamer was woken Lip by the s___l___ of burning. Except for the cracking of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound in the two-floor house. But he realized at once what was happening.
As his father was away on night d___2___ at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his 14-year-old sister Karen and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped them through the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick b___3___ and coughing, couldn’t move any more.
The ten-year-old r___4___ back into the house and upstairs into his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy kept calm. As a fireman said later, "He acted with all the self-control of a r___5___ adult."
On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father. After Glenn made sure his father would telephone the firemen and ambulance service, he got on with the task of saving his mother.
First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. In this way, she would be kept away from the fire before the firemen arrived. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.
He could hear the fire e___6___ coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where fire had almost covered the ground floor .
Fetching a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and rushed upstairs to his mother's room. He tied one e___7___ of the string to her hand. Then he began to run back. He laid out the string as he went through the hall and back out into the garden.
Minutes later he was telling fire Chief John Coughlan, "The string will l___8___ you to mother” Mrs. Creamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 语篇类型：说明文
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the e ___1___ of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear b___2___ able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those w___3___ such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people d___4___ themselves against illness, and the a___5___ of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways. First. Friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they v___6___ us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel a___7___ by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solution to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities; with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our w___8___ and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Many people are interested in family history, an area of study called genealogy (家谱学). Most genealogy experts have heard about the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Library c___1___ to have the largest collection of genealogical records in the world. Shirley Griffith has more about this unusual research center.
The Family History Library has many records to help people s___2___ for information about their family histories. It has b___3___, marriage and death records from religious groups and governments. The collection includes official population, court and property records. It also includes burial records, ship passenger lists and published family histories. The Family History Library has information from almost every area of the world. Most records are from 1550 through 1920. These records include the names of more than two thousand million people who have died. The library has few records of l___4___ persons.
The Family History Libra0, is operated by the Church of .Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The church has been g___5___ family history records around the world for more than one hundred years. The group urges (催促) its members to Study the lives of early family members as a religions requirement.
The Family History Library is open to the public every day except Sunday and some holidays. Visitors are invited to use its books and other materials. Library officials say it is one of the most popular places for visitors in Utah. About two thousand four hundred people use the library each day.
Individuals, families and p___6___ groups have given some of their records to the library. The library brought other records from governments. All the information is gathered with the a___7___ of governments or officials who supervise the records.
The library copies many records to a kind of film that can be read with special equipment. It is known as microfilm. The collection is always e___8___. Today, Church representatives are making copies of important records around the world.
Many people find it difficult to travel to Utah to use the Family History Library. So, the Church has set up more than three thousand Family History Centers in seventy-five countries around the world.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight (v.夜间兼职), or hold more than one job.
Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist (精神病大夫) h___l___ to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center.
Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set to increase this year.
Many workers like the s___2___ that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of "Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side."
The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household e___3___ or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things.
People also take second jobs with an e___4___ to the future—wanting to try out a new field or gain experience.
Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable. He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing.
Just as the purposes for moonlighting v___5___, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries—no longer just service, office and sale jobs.
"Technology just affects your ability to make money,” Hausman says. "That makes a frequent change in moonlighting."
As its name means, moonlighting still o___6___ mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time.
Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance.
"The primary employer is saying, “Wait. I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,"' says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. "If your re burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show."
Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra i___7___, moonlighters enjoy variety, freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time.
Besides, "it's fun." Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job.
"It’s a way of pulling from the spice cabinet" he says, "and offering a little variety throughout the day.”
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文
Have you ever been in a meeting and suddenly found that your mind was a million miles away while someone was making a speech You probably felt s___l___ and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from the earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.
"On the contrary," says an expert in psychology, "daydreaming is quite n___2___. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking it has to do in daily life. You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. In fact, your unconscioucsmind is working out problems all the time. The unconscious and conscious states of mind have a s___3___ dialogue in the way of daydreaming."
Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreaming, and even c___4___ it harmful. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, "Now we know that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we o___5___ our lives, learn from our experiences and plan for future." Daydreams really show the things we f___6___ and the things we desire in life.
Daydreams are usually very simple and direct while sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by s___7___ your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help one r___8___ the difficult situation in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them. So next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m___1___ to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.
One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r___2___ this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be calm. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find s___3___ from the freezing wind and snow.
Nicholas built a snow c___4___. He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b___5___ to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far. o___6___ he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the t___7___ that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a___8___ that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm.
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主题语境：人与 主题群： 语篇类型：文
One day Doctor Ken received a call and was told that a boy called Franco needed an i___1___ operation. He entered the hospital hurriedly. He changed his clothes and went directly to the operating room.
Francois father was walking up and down in the hall, waiting for the doctor. On seeing Doctor Ken, the father shouted, "Why did you take so long to come Don’t you know my son is life is in danger Don't you have any sense of r___2___ "
Doctor Ken smiled and said. "I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could and now. I wish you'd sit down and be patient so that I can do my work.”
"Be patient ! What if your son was in this room right now If your own son dies while waiting for the doctor, then what will you do ” said Franco's father angrily.
Doctor Ken smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also p___3___ for your son's healthy life.”
The operation lasted several hours. Then Doctor Ken went out of the operating room happily. "Thank goodness! Your son is saved!" And without waiting for the father’s r___4___ he ran out of the hospital, saying, "If 'you have any question, ask the nurse.”
"Why " c___5___ Franco's father, "He couldn’t even wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state.”
The nurse answered, t___6___ coming down her face. "Doctor Ken's son died in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s operation. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son's burial.’’
Hearing this, Franco's father felt so sorry. And at the same time he was really a___7___.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
If you are going to apply for a job, be prepared for the kinds of interviews you can expect. One type of interviews is the telephone interview. Here are some tips for telephone interviews: p___l___. the question. Before the interview, guess and write down the questions you might be asked. Practice the answers orally until you are satisfied with yourself. The questions can be about your working experiences, skills and a___2___.
Keep your notes h___3___. Have any key information next to the phone, including your notes about the company and the questions you have prepared for. Then you can easily get the information you need. In this way, you will s___4___ more prepared.
Avoid salary topics. When you are asked how much money you would expect, it’s not wise if you give no response. But it’s not right to give an exact number at once. Try to be open to d___5___, so you'd better say something like. "If this is the right job for me. I believe we can come to an agreement on salary.”
Push for a face-to-face meeting. At the end of the interview, don't forget to s___6___ yourself. You can say something like, "I am very interested in your company. If possible I’d be really happy to see some of your managers. I am free either Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning. Which would be better for you ”
Try to rearrange surprise interviews. If you receive an interview call without any e___7___, you can politely ask them to arrange another time for the interview, so you can be better prepared. Try something like, "I am sorry but I can't do it right now. Can I call you back tomorrow after work, at 6pm. ”
After the telephone interview, only a few are left for face-to-face interview, so get prepared and good luck!
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Inventions named after people
Many new things are invented each year. Interestingly, some inventions are named after the people who invented them, making the inventions and inventors easier to be r___1___.
The bowler hat (圆顶高帽) is named after London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler. The brothers received an o___2___ from Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester. They were asked to design a hat for Coke’s gamekeepers to p___3___ their heads from branches while on horseback. Later, the stylish hat became popular in Europe and the United States.
Another invention that is named after its inventor is Braille, a writing system used by b___4___ people. French educator Louis Braille developed a new system of reading and writing after learning the cyptography (密码) of French Captain Charles Barbier during the war. The captain had come up with a c___5___ of dots on paper that allowed soldiers to communicate in the dark.
The diesel engine is also named after its inventor—German engineer Rudolf Diesel. After a few dangerous tests, he invented a new and more e___6___ engine in 1892 and the engine was later called the diesel engine. The engines were widely used in buses, trucks, trains and s___7___, and Rudolf Diesel became a millionaire.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：说明文
Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors b___l___ part of the final grade on the students oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and i___2___ lectures. In graduate discussions the professor had a "manager” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these discussions.
A professor's teaching method is another factor that d___3___ the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class, without controlling it. Many professors encourage Students to q___4___ their ideas. Students who object to the professor's point of- view should be prepared to p___5___ their positions.
In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generally t___6___, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years. Students in education, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in g___7___, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are p___8___ rather than theoretical, they pay more attention to "doing” for themselves.
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主题语境：人与自然 主题群：自然生态 语篇类型：说明文
The koala is u___1___ to Australia and is an important symbol of the country. The koala is find in open eucalypt (桉树) forests in south-east Queensland. Even if it is called koala bear, this animal has n___2___ to do with the actual bear. Koalas have thick fur and large ears. Their broad and flat nose makes them look cute, similar to teddy bears. In fact koalas aren't cute. They have sharp teeth and very sharp claws! Koalas are marsupials (袋类). This means the mother c___3___ her baby in a pocket while it develops similar to a kangaroo. The baby koala lives in its mother's pocket for the first six months of-its life.
The name "koala" comes from a native Australian word that means "no drink". The koala gets a___4___ all their water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat. That's where they get their food too. Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. The eucalyptus trees are where the koalas live. It's also where they sleep. Koalas sleep about nineteen hours a day!
Why do they sleep so much Some people think it's because they're lazy. But koalas aren't lazy. They sleep so much because there isn't much nutrition in eucalyptus leaves. Koalas store h___5___ any fat, so they must save their energy. One way to do this is to move slowly and sleep a lot. After a day of sleeping they like to move around and eat just after s___6___. They live alone most of the time. Koalas are very protective of their trees. If a koala sees another koala eating in its favorite tree, it might tell the other koala to leave by “barking” at it. Koalas do "talk" to each other. Besides barks, the males make a deep grunting (呼噜的) sound. The mothers and babies talk in soft clicking sounds. If they get s___7___ they may scream like a baby. The koala is also an excellent swimmer. They are able to cross rivers to escape from heavy flooding.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
Former Presidents in the United States continue to receive special government services and money after their presidential term (总统任期) ends. Each former president receives r___1___ pay money to pay travelling expenses and money to pay the people who continue to work for them. They also get security p___2___ for the rest of their lives.
Some former presidents seem to have d___3___ from public life. But others continue to make contributions to the society.
Fonner President Jimmy Carter is well known for his earnest devotion since he left office. He helps build homes for poor Americans and helps settle international d___4___. And he has written several books. Many people have called Carter an example of a successful former president. Some experts note that public approval (公众的赞许) of Carter increased several years after his defeat in the presidential election of 1980.
Just the opposite happened to former president Ronald Reagan. His p___5___ fell after he left office. Many people criticized him for a___6___ an offer from a wealthy Japanese publisher to visit Japan. There he was paid about two million dollars just to make a few appearances. In 1994, Reagan began to suffering from Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) and died ten years later.
Former President George Bush has made few public appearances since leaving office. Recently. However, he and former President Bill Clinton have traveled together to places in need of aid following natural disasters.
Bill Clinton is one of the most a___7___ former presidents. He makes speeches around the world, he wrote a best-selling book about his life. And he has set up a foundation that offers various supports to people in need, including providing low cost medicines for people with AIDS around the world.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Recently the unmanned aircraft which are called drones (无人机) have come into use for a number of business purposes. Basically, a drone is a flying robot. The aircraft may be remotely controlled or can fly a___1___ through flight programs in their systems. The little planes used to be very costly. In the past, they were mostly used in the military. But as they have d___2___ in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
A company in France is using drones to help farmers examine their crops and limit the a___3___ of fertilizer they use. The Fast development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and cell phones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less-costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore a___4___ buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to m___5___ their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help fanners. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the g___6___. They called it "Agridrone (农业无人机).” It uses a special "optical sensor (光学感应器)" to examine crops.
The technology used is similar to that used by smart phones except that it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different time of the season. He says it provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly w___7___ the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says fanners use information g___8___ by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it was needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares (会顷) in about a minute.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：新闻报道
The baby is taking photos with his parents. the Duke and Duchess (公爵公爵夫人) of Cambridge. The pictures were taken by the duchess' father. Michael Middleton, in the garden of their family home in Bucklebury, Berkshire. Taken earlier this month, they show the royal couple, Prince George and their black cocker spaniel (西班牙猎犬), Lupo. Tilly, a golden dog, belonging to the Middleton family, can be seen l___1___ down behind them. The photographs of Prince George, who was born on 22 July, were published by Kensington Palace.
On Monday Prince William, giving his first i___2___ since becoming a father, told CNN: "He either r___3___ me of my brother or me when I was younger, I'm not sure, but he's doing very well at the moment."
BBC reporter Nicholas Witchell said the new family looks "unselfconscious (自然的), relaxed and happy—much like most couples might look with their first-born baby". He added: "Of course they are aware of what is e___4___ of them. There will be staff— a nanny (保姆) to help in due course (适时地) , but for the moment it’s all rather informal and many might think, refreshing."
Famous photographer Tery O'Neill said he thought the pictures were "absolutely charming". "It reminded me when I first started p___5___ for myself—I just went for the light, and it was really interesting lighting. As a matter of fact when I heard about these pictures. I thought 'Who have they got to do these pictures’—and the thought c___6___ my mind they might have asked the Queen because she's quite a good photographer.”
The cultural and education manager of Magnum Photos, Fiona Rogers. told Radio 4's Today program the photograph of the couple and Prince George with the family's dogs was "technically not the most accomplished (技艺高超的) photograph".
"It's a photograph that any one of us could have in our family albums," she said.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls.
However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, "There are slight genetic differences between the sexes at b___l___ which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are w___2___ at science and maths, or whether they've been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’ "territory".
Statistics show that in mathematics; at least, girls are e___3___ to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still a___4___ for women to say that they are 'hopeless' at maths. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys', they have not been encouraged to do so.
The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to c___5___ tasks independently, although boys are. For example, boys are often asked to 'help' with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.
A further report on maths teaching shows that teachers seem to give more a___6___ to boys than to girls. Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them c___7___ and makes them believe that they can succeed.
Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such 'male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics course, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.
Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open c___8___ with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less female and so, less attractive.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：历史、社会与文化 语篇类型：说明文
The Internet is full of false information. It is important for us all to avoid being f___1___ by such information. Here are three examples of Internet hoaxes.
On his website, a man by the name of Tony has asked for gifts of money to save the life of a pretty little rabbit named Toby that he r___2___ from under his house. A cat must have attacked the rabbit, the man claimed, so he took it in. He gave Toby loving care and nursed him back to health. There is a very c___3___ point, however. If the greedy man doesn't receive enough money, he will eat poor little Toby. (Don't worry, though. Remember, it's just a hoax!)
While the streets of New Orleans, the USA. were still flooded after a terrible h___4___, a Frightening e-mail was sent around the Internet. It included a photograph of a large crocodile over five meters long. According to the message, it had been swimming around the flooded city eating people. It was later d___5___ that the photographs of the crocodile were of one that was caught in the Congo (刚果) years before.
The following e-Mail hoax t___6___ in many people. It claims that a large British company will pay you to send their e-mail to as many people as possible. For every person that you send the e-mail to, it p___7___ you will receive $5.00; for every person that you send it to that sends it to someone else, you'll get $3.00; and for every third person that receives it, you will be paid $1.00. To make it even more b___8___, the sender says that at first he thought it was a hoax, but the company soon sent him $800.00.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
Although the first airplane did not fly until 1903, flying soon became the fastest method of transport. Today it is people's Favorite way of traveling long distances because it has a lot of advantages.
The first airplanes were not big or powerful enough to carry more than a p___l___, but during the First World War (1914-1918) larger aircraft with up to four engines were d___2___ to carry bombs. Aftter the war some of these were changed to carry a few passenger services. In 1919 the First regular passenger services were started between several cities in Europe.
Air transport was even then too expensive for most cargoes (货物), but mail began to be carried by air at an early stage. This was partly because letters are small and l___3___, and partly because businessmen, especially, were p___4___ to pay more for their mail to be delivered by the fastest method. After all, in the United States, where letters could take over a week to c___5___ the country by train, airmail services were the first regular transport flights.
The early passenger aircraft could carry only about 12 passengers, and only enough l___6___ for short journeys. For long distances, such as from Europe to the United states, filled with very light gas and able to float through the air, began to be used in the 1930s.
By the end of the Second World War in 1945, much larger airplanes had been made. At the same time, military airfields had been built all over the world, and long-distance routes had been set up. After the war, the i___7___ of the jet engine, which produces much greater power, allowed even bigger and faster aircraft to be built. Today's wide-bodied airplanes can carry as many as 800 passengers.
Modern air transport passenger services are quite convenient, Air transport has allowed more people to travel abroad than ever before.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：说明文
Beatlemania is a very strong feeling for the group, the Beatles. The Beatles were four young musicians from Liverpool, England. Their names were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. These four men n___l___ took music lessons. They taught themselves to play music.
In 1957, John c___2___ a group called the Quarrymen. At that time, he was only 16 years old. Then he met Paul. They began to write songs and sing together. Soon, George joined them. The group played in England, and then in Germany. In 1962, Ringo joined them. Then John, Paul. George and Ringo were the Beatles.
The Beatles made their first hit song in 1962. The song was "Love Me Do." In 1963, their song "Please Please Me” was a bigger hit. In all, they had twenty-nine hit songs. By 1963, the Beatles were very p___3___ in England, and Beatlemania started. They had many fans. At concerts. their fans s___4___ very very loudly. The Beatles could not hear themselves sing. The next year, the Beatles went to the United States. The Americans loved them, too. People everywhere c___5___ their clothes and their hair. This rock-and-roll group was welcomed by people all over the world.
The Beatles b___6___ up in 1970. They wanted to play new music. All of the Beatles did interesting, new things. John wrote music with his wife. Paul started a new group with his wife. George and Ringo made their own r___7___ and gave concerts. Sadly. John was shot dead in New York in 1980. He was forty years old. George became sick and died in 2001.
We still hear Beatles songs on the radio today. Their music and songs will live in our hearts forever.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：记叙文
Once there was a little girl named Mary Lennox and her two little friends. Dickon and Colin. Both of Mary's parents died when she was a little baby. She was sent to her uncle, Mr. Archilbald Craven, who had a son named Colin.
Mary was once a s___l___ girl. She cared for nobody else except herself and she was always alone. She started to know the word "friend" after she met Dickon, the gardener’s son. The little boy was very kind to Mary. They went to the Secret Garden every day, p___2___ and playing. Mary never e___3___ that making the garden beautiful would bring such a wonderful feeling to her. She was so happy to be with Dickon that she almost forgot all the sad things around her. She came out of her small l___4___ world.
After she met Colin, Mary finally found the very person to take care of Colin, the sick boy who couldn't even walk, had been in bed for taken care of by the servants, but no one really cared how he was. He couldn't find any reason to live. +So he cried and cried, thinking about death. But Mary came, Colin was completely a___5___ to Mary and to all those fresh thoughts and stories which came out of her mouth. Of Course, the most exciting of all was the Secret Garden.
The feeling of having someone s___6___ your secret is wonderful, especially for the children. Colin used to be too weak to change his life, but now he had Mary. Dickon and the Secret Garden. All these gave him c___7___. Finally, with the help of his two little Friends, he managed to stand up for the first time.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 语篇类型：说明文
The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their v___l___.
AT&T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even b___2___ the voices of long-dead famous people back to life.
The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never a___3___ said.
P___4___ customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the r___5___ to a famous person's voice (Some experts even believe that new contracts (合同) will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.)
And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud (假冒), would the synthesized (合成的) voices at last be able to t___6___ people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know
Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT&T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new t___7___ might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph any more.“ he said, "Vou won't be able to trust a voice either”.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事 语篇类型：说明文
Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection (友情) and companionship. In the past, many people spent their entire lives in the communities in which they were born and r___l___. Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters alter they were m___2___ and had children of their own. By remaining in familiar communities with relatives nearby, families had enough opportunities for friendly contact and for support in time of t___3___.
Recent studies suggest that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is generally believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modem societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the immediate family. Parents and children often live a___4___ from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, the family m___5___ when a parent accepts a job in another place or when it decides to live in a better neighborhood. Together. loneliness and mobility (迁移) force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship.
Because the family is one of the few ongoing s___6___ of affection and companionship in modern societies, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, families are more likely to break up if the husband's or wife's e___7___ needs are not met within the family circle—even if all other family functions are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone (试金石) of the modern family.
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主题语境：人与自我 主题群：生活与学习 语篇类型：记叙文
Up until I went to school, I was a happy child. Then kids found out that learning was difficult For me and they would point out and call me names. I was p___l___ at math, English, and science. I remember sitting in class one day, divided up into groups, w___2___ a girl in my group stood up, pointing to me, and said, "I’m not going to work with that stupid boy!" It made me feel terrible.
Through primary school and middle school, I could h___3___ read. A professional came to our home one day, after putting me through a number of tests, he told my mother that I would never be able to read. My mother was so a___4___ that she told him to leave the house.
Years later, as a new high school student, I p___5___ up a science fiction book one day, and to my great joy, it was suddenly easy to read. The stories in the book stimulated my i___6___. Then the words weren’t words anymore but pictures in my head. I started to read other books and really got interested in reading. I started learning better and using larger words.
It was about at this time that I began to excel at arts. I learned that I have an incredible eye for shapes and designs. I write about my experiences. I write poetry, too. Towards the end of high school, I won a lot of h___ 7___.
Grades are important. But there is so much more to an education than good grades. So don’t let grades get in the way of your education.
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主题语境：人与社会 主题群：文学、艺术与体育 语篇类型：记叙文
An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock Holmes
I think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s___1___ in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.
I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went upstairs. I always did this m___2___ to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen. the storeroom, the living room, and f___3___ the dining room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was open. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room. The window is a long French one, which really forms a door l___4___ to the lawn. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, trembling. I s___5___ back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground.
I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c___6___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth p___7___ me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband ca

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