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哈师大附中 2025-2026 学年度高一下学期开学考试
英语试题
满分：150 分 时间：120 分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How was the weather this morning
A. Warm and windy. B. Cold and windy. C. Sunny and warm.
2. Who attended Steve’s party
A. Barbara. B. Mary. C. Jim.
3. What has the woman lost
A. Her purse. B. Her passport. C. Her credit card.
4. When did the train leave
A. At 6:00. B. At 6:25. C. At 7:30.
5. What do we know about the woman
A. She tidies her yard every day. B. She hires a gardener. C. She’s good at gardening.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两 遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 和第7 两个小题。
6. What is the woman doing
A. Checking out. B. Buying some beer. C. Paying tax.
7. How much is the extra charge
A. $5. B. $10. C. $15.
试卷第 1 页，共 12 页
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 和第9 两个小题。
8. What’s Ginger’s relationship with Edgar
A. Sister. B. Brother. C. Cousin.
9. What does Ginger offer to do
A. Pay the full cost of the watch. B. Help Edgar choose a watch. C. Pay half the cost of the watch.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至第 12 三个小题。
10. When did the man notice the problem with the tent
A. Last week. B. Last month. C. The day after he bought it.
11. What will the shop do if the man does not have the receipt
A. Fix the hole. B. Give him a receipt. C. Give him a refund.
12. What does the man want the shop to do
A. Exchange it for a similar model.
B. Return his money.
C. Pay for the damage.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至第 16 四个小题。
13. What’s the possibility of the man’s getting a single room
A. Much. B. Some. C. Rare.
14. What is charged extra money in the single room
A. The cable TV. B. Local calls. C. The Internet.
15. Which of the following is possible for a person living in the single roon
A. He can cook his favorite meal.
B. He can sleep on the extra-long double bed.
C. He needn’t take anything of his own.
16. Which cannot be brought into the single room
A. A small TV set. B. A microwave. C. A laptop.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至第 20 四个小题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to
A. Camp leaders. B. Young campers. C. Fellow tourists.
18. What does the speaker think of the camp
A. Relaxing. B. Instructive. C. Challenging.
试卷第 2 页，共 12 页
19. Where will the kids have breakfast
A. In the field. B. In the big tent. C. In their cabins.
20. What will the children do after breakfast
A. Start the first activity. B. Inspect the cabins. C. Clean the cabins.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Richard Hosford fulfilled an ambition of founding a music festival in his home county in 1991. Richard said, “At that time, my aim was to create a festival with an informal atmosphere and the highest possible artistic standards.”
The festival was first planned in Canon Ray Nichols. The Gaudier Ensemble (乐团), of
which Richard is a member, has returned each year to perform a wide range of chamber music (室内乐) at the festival. Richard said, “Over many years we have built a special relationship with our audience. Teaching and encouraging a love of music are important elements of the festival, which has always included a concert for children, and now runs classes for promising young local
musicians. Arriving from across Europe, the members of the Ensemble stay with hosts in the village and enjoy making music with old friends in the wonderful St. Mary’s Church.”
The event is now an established favorite on the South West music festival scene and this
year will mark its 25th year with a programme that includes pieces by Mozart, Francaix, Schubert and Bruch from Dec 9 to Dec 12. There will also be a late-night concert oflight American gems by Gershwin, a family concert and a new commission by poet and broadcaster James Crowden
and Lillie Harris from the Royal College of Music. The festival will also welcome a group of recent Royal College of Music students who will perform alongside the Gaudier Ensemble at some concerts and work with talented local musical youngsters.
For more information about the festival, visit cerneabbasmusicfestival.co.uk. Booking forms are also available at local tourist information centres or by calling 07527 528673.
1 ．What does the passage mainly talk about
A ．The information about the music festival. B ．The information about musicians.
C ．The information about Richard Hosford. D ．The information about the concert.
试卷第 3 页，共 12 页
2 ．When can people enjoy the music of Schubert
A ．On Dec 3. B ．On Dec 8. C ．On Dec 10. D ．On Dec 16.
3 ．How can we get more information about the festival
A ．By going to the local tourist information centers. B ．By calling 07527 528673.
C ．By visiting cerneabbasmusicfestival.co.uk. D ．By going to the festival directly.
B
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from
University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra
money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to
college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something
she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her
family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important
events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and
studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
4 ．What did Jennifer do after high school
试卷第 4 页，共 12 页
A ．She helped her dad with his work.
B ．She ran the family farm on her own.
C ．She supported herself through college.
D ．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5 ．Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A ．To take care of her kids easily. B ．To learn from the best nurses.
C ．To save money for her parents. D ．To find a well-paid job there.
6 ．What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A ．Her health. B ．Her time with family.
C ．Her reputation. D ．Her chance of promotion.
7 ．What can we learn from Jenifer's story
A ．Time is money. B ．Love breaks down barriers.
C ．Hard work pays off. D ．Education is the key to success.
C
When babies are exposed to a variety of faces, they become more adept in recognizing and appreciating diversity, which can help reduce biases and prejudices as they grow. This is
according to neuroscientist Saskia Koch of the Donders Institute and Radboud University.
Koch conducted her research using data from the Nijmegen longitudinal study. This study follows young people from infancy (婴儿期). First, the researchers looked at how frequently the teenagers had attended day care as babies. Then, the same youngsters were assigned the duty of playing a game when they reached the age of 17. In the game, they had to work with another
person they couldn’t see. Both players had the same goal: find an object on a gameboard. Only the 17-year-old knew where the item was. The 17-year-olds had to communicate this location to each other without using words. They had to design communicative patterns that would assist the other person in locating the object. This could be accomplished, for example, by performing
specific movements.
The 17-year-olds were informed they were playing with a 5-year-old in one game and an
adult in another, despite the fact that it was the same individual each time. Initially, the 17-
year-olds adjusted their communicative patterns when they thought they were interacting with the
试卷第 5 页，共 12 页
child by placing more emphasis on their movements. How quickly they abandoned this pattern
depended on how much time they spent in day care. 17-year-olds who had come into contact with many different people as infants were more likely to get over a stereotype (刻板印象). They found out in the interaction that the “child” was also very good and then based their play on that.
According to the researcher this means that babies who have had more diverse social
interactions can more easily let go of a stereotype later in life. They are more sensitive to social
interaction and can more quickly let go of the image they have in their minds of their peers. Koch says, “Gaining many diverse social experiences early in life allows us to adapt better to the needs of our partners in social interaction. ”
8 ．What does the underlined word “adept” in paragraph 1 mean
A ．Forgetful. B ．Skillful. C ．Interested. D ．Disappointed.
9 ．What was the purpose of the game in the study
A ．To confirm the data from the Nijmegen study.
B ．To test the impacts of early social interactions.
C ．To enhance the youngsters’ cooperative ability.
D ．To assess the effects of communicative patterns.
10 ．How did the 17-year-olds first respond to the “child” in the game
A ．They changed their fixed idea of a child. B ．They adjusted the time spent on the game.
C ．They performed more specific movements. D ．They employed verbal interactive patterns.
11 ．What helps babies with future social contacts according to Koch
A ．Interacting with various people. B ．Engaging with diverse peers.
C ．Adapting to the needs of partners. D ．Letting go of the old images.
D
Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are produced worldwide. This not only
consumes significant energy and natural resources but also results in large amounts of electronic
waste, as users often replace functional devices every few years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones into small-scale data centers for practical applications.
“Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the
试卷第 6 页，共 12 页
old,” said Huber, an associate professor. The research team demonstrated that outdated
smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for
real-world applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per device, making it an economical solution.
In their experiment, the scientists carefully removed the batteries to prevent chemical
leakage and connected four old phones using 3D-printed cases. The system was powered
externally and tested in practical environments. One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater.
These reused devices show promise in other areas as well. For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern communities.
“This smart, green approach rethinks our throwaway tech culture. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future but also about reimagining the present, turning yesterday’s devices
into tomorrow’s solutions,” added Ulrich, an Associate Professor of Software Engineering. With minimal investment and creative thinking, outdated technology can serve new purposes,
contributing to a greener digital society while effectively addressing the growing problem of electronic waste.
12 ．Which of the following best describes the new approach in paragraph 2
A ．Time-saving. B ．Cost-effective C ．User-friendly. D ．Labor-intensive.
13 ．What was a successful application of the new approach
A ．Assisting divers in recording sea animals. B ．Producing 3D-printed cases for ocean use
C ．Monitoring underwater life independently. D ．Supplying power to underwater equipment.
14 ．What can we infer about the reused devices from paragraph 4
A ．They predict the city traffic patterns. B ．They inform passengers of bus arrivals.
C ．They help with smart city management D ．They assess the work of urban planners.
15 ．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A ．The Global Smartphone Waste Problem B ．A Green Solution: Repurposing Old Phones
C ．An Eco-Digital Guide: Electronic Engineering D ．The Sustainability of Smart City
试卷第 7 页，共 12 页
Development
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Join the Friends and find the place that’s right for you
●Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond. They are families,
students, scholars, and alumni (校友). ___16___. Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire to be part of a cultural community. Friends are interested and active in the life ofthe Art Museum. Friends are art lovers-just like you.
● ___ 17___
As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the
continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs. By joining the Friends, you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all
visitors to experience, to enjoy, and to love.
●What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
___ 18___. When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum, you also become part of a great tradition. Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum, but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded
individuals. ___ 19___, and they get invitations to exhibition openings, lectures, travel opportunities, and lively social gatherings.
●How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy. ___20___, return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately. If you prefer, you may join online at artmuseum. edu/support/become-a-member, or when you visit the Museum Store.
A ．Why does membership matter
B ．How can I learn about the Friends
C ．Simply complete the membership form
D ．You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
试卷第 8 页，共 12 页
E ．Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F ．Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G ．Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds
第三部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满 55 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We live in Cleveland, Ohio, near a highway exit. Over the years, many tired travelers have stopped at our door, asking for small _________: a phone call, a glass of water, or simply
directions. All have been _________ to me. Each time, I’ve had to weigh the _________.
One summer evening a few years ago, as the sky darkened, an _________ woman stood
weakly at our doorway. She leaned against the screen door (纱窗门) to _________ it open.
Through the window, I could see the outline of her head. She clearly needed _________. The
question filled my mind: “What should I do ” This wasn’t the first time I’d faced such a difficult
.
In today’s world, we’re often told to be cautious. It is believed that helping strangers is
_________ and may risk terrible consequences. News stories _________ that kind people often
end up as victims. There is no doubt that those are true stories, but the lesson __________ with my heart. Sometimes doing the right thing requires __________. Should we fear everyone we don’t
know Is personal __________ always the only thing that __________
Our home’s location often forces me to make difficult choices. __________ the travelers in need has its own cost-not just to them, but to me. I’d rather risk a little than live with __________. I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me.
So when I saw the woman trembling on my step, I knew my answer. I opened the door.
21 ．A ．gestures B ．kindnesses C ．chances D ．changes
22 ．A ．strangers B ．drivers C ．friends D ．guides
23 ．A ．advantages B ．strengths C ．risks D ．evidence
24 ．A ．unfamiliar B ．optimistic C ．elegant D ．intelligent
25 ．A ．force B ．blow C ．knock D ．hold
试卷第 9 页，共 12 页
26 ．A ．water B ．help C ．love D ．rescue
27 ．A ．passenger B ．opportunity C ．answer D ．choice
28 ．A ．unwise B ．unbearable C ．safe D ．odd
29 ．A ．comment B ．mean C ．warn D ．inform
30 ．A ．clicks B ．mixes C ．sinks D ．conflicts
31 ．A ．patience B ．reward C ．courage D ．luck
32 ．A ．happiness B ．health C ．achievement D ．safety
33 ．A ．matters B ．applies C ．favors D ．occurs
34 ．A ．Bringing up B ．Turning away C ．Reaching for D ．Cheering up
35 ．A ．disability B ．illness C ．guilt D ．curiosity
第二节 用单词的适当形式完成句子(共 25 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 25 分)
36 ．It is ________ (legal) for boys of that young age to drink alcohol in America. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37 ．The computer that I bought several years ago now still ________ (ensure) my work conveniently and easily. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38 ．We both became absorbed ________ the simplicity of playing together. (用适当的词填空)
39．It’s really ________ (annoy) when a flight is late and there’s no reasonable explanation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40．The man bought a beautifully ________ (design) piano that blends with any style of furniture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41．I pretended ________ (believe) him and helped him organize the contest. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ________ (deliver) by a professor from the UK. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43 ．Officials said there were no________ (survive)of the plane crash. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44 ．Youths are working hard and ________ (creative) to protect a temple in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45．Many people, some of________are not overweight, are going on a diet. （用适当的词填空）
46．Our teeth need brushing every day in order to protect them from ________ (attack) by viruses.
试卷第 10 页，共 12 页
(所给词的适当形式填空)
47 ．I really believe that it is possible to both improve customers’ ________ (satisfy) and reduce cost. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48 ．Police are looking for a small blue car with the ________ (register) number B34-ACS. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49 ．His ____________ (confuse) look showed that he didn't know what to do next. (单词的适当形式填空)
50 ．I wish you’d quit ________ (complain) and worked harder than before. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51 ．My friend recommended that I ________ (follow) the teacher’s advice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52 ．Before the festival comes, everyone will do some cleaning, hoping they can sweep ________ the bad luck. (用适当的词填空)
53 ．This is the second time in ten years that a major earthquake ________ (strike) this region. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54 ．That is the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
55．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they ________ (disappear) within a few days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
56 ．The woman, tears in her eyes, saw her son who ________ (injure) and sent into the operation room. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57 ．Finally he reached an abandoned island_________was completely cut off from the outside
world.
58．His action was interpreted as a ________ (threaten) to the community. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59 ．The little girl picked many leaves, ________ (intend) to feed her baby silkworms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60 ．Before choices are finalized, parents/carers will be asked to sign ________ (confirm) their child’s choices. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第三节 用单词的适当形式完成短文(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
试卷第 11 页，共 12 页
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the
way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however,
biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent
years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by ___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
____70____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
第四部分 写作(满分 15 分)
71 ．你校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动，节约粮食”的作文比赛。请你写一则活动通知，内容包括：
(1)介绍活动目的；
(2)说明参赛要求。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为 80 个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition
试卷第 12 页，共 12 页
1 ．A 2 ．C 3 ．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍 Richard Hosford 于 1991 年创办的音乐节，氛围轻松、艺术水准高，有室内乐演出与音乐教育活动。今年为 25 周年，于 12 月 9—12 日举办，可通过官网获取详情。
1 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Richard Hosford fulfilled an ambition of founding a music festival in his home county in 1991. Richard said, “At that time, my aim was to create a festival with an
informal atmosphere and the highest possible artistic standards.”(理查德·霍斯福德于 1991 年实 现了在自己家乡县举办音乐节的夙愿。理查德说道：“当时，我的目标是打造一个氛围轻松、艺术水准最高的音乐节。”)”结合本文介绍Richard Hosford 于 1991 年创办的音乐节，氛围轻松、艺术水准高，有室内乐演出与音乐教育活动。今年为 25 周年，于 12 月 9—12 日举办，可通过官网获取详情。可知，这篇文章主要讲了关于音乐节的信息。故选 A。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“The event is now an established favorite on the South West music festival scene and this year will mark its 25th year with a programme that includes pieces by
Mozart, Francaix, Schubert and Bruch from Dec 9 to Dec 12.(该活动如今已成为西南音乐节上备受喜爱的项目之一。今年将是其举办 25 周年，届时将上演一系列曲目，包括莫扎特、弗兰卡克斯、舒伯特和布鲁赫的作品， 演出时间从 12 月 9 日持续至 12 月 12 日)”可知，12 月10 日能欣赏舒伯特的音乐。故选 C。
3 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For more information about the festival, visit
cerneabbasmusicfestival.co.uk.(欲了解更多关于该音乐节的信息，请访问
cerneabbasmusicfestival.co.uk)”可知，通过访问 cerneabbasmusicfestival.co.uk 这个网站能获取更多关于这个音乐节的信息。故选 C。
4 ．C 5 ．A 6 ．B 7 ．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Jennifer 在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
4 ．细节理解题。根据第二段的 After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer 上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后 Jennifer 通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选 C
答案第 1 页，共 13 页
项。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第三段的 She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint
Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to
home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课， 晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer 选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。
6 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer 为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目 标 Jennifer 放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以 上说法，故选 B 项。
7 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Through it all, she reminded in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和 However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer 是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer 在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从 Jennifer 的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。
8 ．B 9 ．B 10 ．C 11 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了神经科学家科赫通过研究证明婴儿期接触多样面孔和社交互动有助于减少偏见，并在 17 岁青少年游戏测试中得到验证，多样社交经验利于未来社交适应。
8 ．词句猜测题。根据第一段“When babies are exposed to a variety of faces, they become more adept in recognizing and appreciating diversity, which can help reduce biases and prejudices as
they grow. (当婴儿接触到各种各样的面孔时，他们在识别和欣赏多样性方面变得更加____，这有助于在他们成长过程中减少偏见和歧视)”以及最后一段“According to the researcher this
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means that babies who have had more diverse social interactions can more easily let go of a
stereotype later in life. They are more sensitive to social interaction and can more quickly let go of the image they have in their minds of their peers. (根据研究人员的说法，这意味着那些有更多样化社交互动的婴儿在以后的生活中更容易摆脱刻板印象。他们对社交互动更敏感， 能更快地放下他们脑海中对同龄人的印象)”可知，婴儿接触多种面孔时，在识别和欣赏多样性方面会变得更熟练，划线单词表示 “熟练的，擅长的”，与 Skillful 意义相近。故选 B 项。
9 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“Koch conducted her research using data from the Nijmegen
longitudinal study. This study follows young people from infancy (婴儿期). First, the researchers looked at how frequently the teenagers had attended day care as babies. Then, the same youngsters were assigned the duty of playing a game when they reached the age of 17. (科赫利用奈梅亨纵向研究的数据进行了她的研究。这项研究从婴儿期开始跟踪年轻人。首先， 研究人员调查了这些青少年婴儿时期上日托所的频率。然后，当这些年轻人长到 17 岁时，他们被安排玩一个游戏)”以及后文对游戏过程中不同婴儿期经历对 17 岁青少年行为影响的描述可知，游戏的目的是测试早期社会互动的影响。故选 B 项。
10 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“Initially, the 17- year-olds adjusted their communicative patterns when they thought they were interacting with the child by placing more emphasis on their
movements. (起初，17 岁的青少年在认为自己在与孩子互动时，会通过更强调自己的动作来调整他们的交流模式)”可知，17 岁的青少年最初认为在和孩子互动时，会更强调自己的特定动作。故选 C 项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to the researcher this means that babies who have had more diverse social interactions can more easily let go of a stereotype later in life. They are more sensitive to social interaction and can more quickly let go of the image they have in their minds of their peers. Koch says, “Gaining many diverse social experiences early in life allows us to adapt
better to the needs of our partners in social interaction.”(根据研究人员的说法，这意味着在婴儿时期有更多样化社交互动的孩子在以后的生活中更容易摆脱刻板印象。他们对社交互动更敏感，能更快地摆脱心中对同龄人的固有印象。科赫说：“在生命早期获得许多不同的社交经验，能让我们在社交互动中更好地适应伴侣的需求。”)”可知，根据科赫的说法，婴儿与各种各样的人互动有助于他们未来的社交。故选 A 项。
12 ．B 13 ．C 14 ．C 15 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员为解决智能手机电子垃圾问题， 将旧手
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机改造为小型数据中心，并介绍其应用及环保意义。
12 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research team demonstrated that outdated smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for real-world
applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per
device, making it an economical solution.(研究团队证明，过时的智能手机可以被改造成小型数据中心，能够处理和存储现实应用中的数据。他们还发现， 建造这样一个数据中心每台设备仅需花费约 8 欧元，使其成为一种经济实惠的解决方案)”可知，这种新方法将旧手机改造为小型数据中心，每台设备成本仅约 8 欧元，非常经济实惠。故选 B 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater.(这种新方法的一次
成功试验涉及水下海洋生物监测，该设备能自动记录和分析海洋物种。曾经需要潜水员完成的任务，现在可以由水下设备直接处理)”可知，这种新方法的一个成功应用是水下海洋生物监测，设备可独立完成记录和分析工作，无需潜水员协助。故选 C 项。
14 ．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern
communities.(例如，它们可以应用于公交车站，监测客流模式，帮助城市规划者调整公共交通时刻表和路线。这种方法不仅减少了电子垃圾， 还为现代社区提供了可持续的数字解决方案)”可推断，这些被再利用的设备能够应用于公交站监测客流，帮助城市规划者优化交通，助力智慧城市管理。故选 C 项。
15 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are
produced worldwide. This not only consumes significant energy and natural resources but also
results in large amounts of electronic waste, as users often replace functional devices every few
years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones
into small-scale data centers for practical applications.(全球每年生产超过 12 亿部新智能手机。这不仅消耗大量能源和自然资源，还会产生大量电子垃圾，因为用户往往每隔几年就更换尚能使用的设备。为解决这一问题，研究人员开发出一种新方法：将旧手机改造成小型数据中心，用于实际应用)”可知，文章开篇提出智能手机产生大量电子垃圾的问题，随后重点介绍研究人员提出的绿色解决方案——将旧手机改造为小型数据中心，接着介绍其应用场景和环
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保意义，核心是“旧手机再利用这一绿色解决方案” 。B 项“一种绿色解决方案：旧手机再利用”，精准概括文章核心内容，可以作本文最佳标题。故选 B 项。
16 ．G 17 ．A 18 ．E 19 ．F 20 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成、会员意义、福利待遇及加入方式，鼓励公众参与。
16 ．由上文“Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond. They are families, students, scholars, and alumni (校友). (Friends 是来自当地社区和其他地方的邻居。他们是家庭、学生、学者和校友)”可知，上文介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的身份，强调其成员身份的多样性。这里需要一个句子来补充说明朋友群体的多样性。选项 G“Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds (Friends 是所有年龄、兴趣、能力和文化背景的
人)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选 G。
17 ．由下文“As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs. By joining the Friends, you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all
visitors to experience, to enjoy, and to love. (作为一名 Friend，你的会员资格将提供必要的年度支持，以帮助保持博物馆教育项目的持续卓越和多样性。通过加入 Friends，你可以帮助确保博物馆仍然是一个欢迎所有游客体验、享受和热爱的共享丰富的地方)”可知，这里需要一个问句来引出会员身份的重要性。选项 A“Why does membership matter (为什么会员资格很重要)”直接提出了会员身份的重要性问题，引出了下文对会员支持博物馆教育项目的解释，符合题意。故选 A。
18 ．由上文“What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy (Friends 会员享有什么福利？)”及下文“When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum, you also become part of a great tradition. (当你成为大学艺术博物馆一员时，你也成为了一项伟大传统的一部分。你不仅会积极参与博物馆的各项活动，还将获得与其他志同道合者分享你对艺术的热爱的特别机会)”可知，这里需要一个句子来概括会员可以享受的各种福利。选项 E“Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities (朋友会员资格是你获得许多机会的入口)”概述了会员资格带来的多种机会，为下文的具体福利做了铺垫，符合题意。故选 E。
19．由上文“Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum, but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals. (你不仅会积极参与博物馆的各项活动，还将获得特别的机会，与其他志同道合的人一起分享你对艺
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术的热爱)”及下文“and they get invitations to exhibition openings, lectures, travel opportunities, and lively social gatherings. (并且，他们会收到展览开幕式、讲座、旅行活动以及热闹的社交聚会的邀请函)”可知，这里需要一个句子来列举具体的会员福利。选项 F“Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine (会员们可以订阅博物馆的季刊)”具体提到了会员可以收到博物馆的季刊杂志，能承上启下，符合题意。故选 F。
20 ．由上文“How do I join the Friends (我如何加入 Friends？)”及下文“return it with your
annual membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.
(请将它与你的年度会员费一同放入随附的信封中寄回，然后立即开始享受你的会员福利)”可知，这里需要一个句子来介绍加入 Friends 的方式。选项 C“Simply complete the membership form (只需填写会员表格)”直接告诉读者如何加入 Friends，且 C 选项中的 the membership
form 与下文的it 相对应，符合题意。故选 C。
21 ．B 22 ．A 23 ．C 24 ．A 25 ．D 26 ．B 27 ．D 28 ．A
29 ．C 30 ．D 31 ．C 32 ．D 33 ．A 34 ．B 35 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家住在高速公路出口附近，常有疲惫的旅行者前来寻求诸如打电话、喝水或问路等小帮助， 作者面对是否帮助这些陌生人，内心需权衡风险，最终选择以善良回应的故事，展现了作者在面对此类情况时的思考与抉择。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 多年来，许多疲惫的旅行者在我们家门口停下，请求一些小小的善举：打个电话、喝杯水，或者仅仅是问路。A. gestures 手势；B. kindnesses 善举；C. chances 机会；D. changes 改变。从下文列举的“a phone call, a glass of water, or simply directions”可知，这些都是旅行者希望得到的善意行为，所以是小小的善举，故选 B 项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 对我来说，他们都是陌生人。A. strangers 陌生人；B. drivers司机；C. friends 朋友；D. guides 导游。根据上文“many tired travelers have stopped at our
door”可知，这些旅行者对于作者来说是不认识的，即为陌生人，故选 A 项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 每次，我都得权衡风险。A. advantages 优势；B. strengths 长处；C. risks 风险；D. evidence 证据。结合下文提到当今世界人们被告知要谨慎，帮助陌生人可能有可怕后果等内容可知，作者每次面对陌生人的求助都要权衡帮助他们的风险，故选C 项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 几年前的一个夏夜，天渐渐黑了，一个陌生的女人虚弱地站在我们家门口。A. unfamiliar 不熟悉的，陌生的；B. optimistic 乐观的；C. elegant 优雅的；
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D. intelligent 聪明的。根据上文“All have been... to me”可知，提到是陌生人来求助，这里描述这个女人，unfamiliar 符合语境，表明作者不认识她，故选 A 项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她靠在纱门上，使门开着。A. force 强迫；B. blow 吹；C. knock敲；D. hold 保持，使…… 处于（特定状态）。根据上文“She leaned against the screen door (纱窗门)”可知，这里指女人靠在纱门上让门保持开着的状态，故选 D 项。
26 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她显然需要帮助。A. water 水；B. help 帮助；C. love 爱；
D. rescue 营救。根据上文“woman stood weakly at our doorway.”可知，女人虚弱地站在门口以及前文旅行者常来求助可知，她显然是需要帮助，故选 B 项。
27 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不是我第一次面临这样艰难的选择。A. passenger 乘客；
B. opportunity 机会；C. answer 答案；D. choice 选择。根据上文作者思考“ What should I do ”可知，作者面临是否帮助这个女人的艰难选择，故选 D 项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 人们认为帮助陌生人是不明智的，可能会带来可怕的后果。
A. unwise 不明智的；B. unbearable 难以忍受的；C. safe 安全的；D. odd 奇怪的。根据下文“may risk terrible consequences”可知，人们觉得帮助陌生人可能带来不好后果，所以认为这是不明智的，故选 A 项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 新闻报道警示说善良的人往往最终成为受害者。A. comment评论；B. mean 意味着；C. warn 警告；D. inform 通知。根据下文“kind people often end up as victims”可知，新闻报道这类事是对人们的一种警示，warn 符合语境，故选 C 项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 毫无疑问，那些都是真实的故事，但这个教训与我的内心相冲突。A. clicks 点击；B. mixes 混合；C. sinks 下沉；D. conflicts 冲突。根据下文“I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me.”可知，作者还是选择帮助陌生人可知，社会上认为帮助陌生人有风险这个观念与作者内心想法冲突，故选 D 项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 有时候做正确的事需要勇气。A. patience 耐心；B. reward 回报；C. courage 勇气；D. luck 运气。根据上文“may risk”提到帮助陌生人有风险，但作者又觉得要做正确的事，所以这里是说需要勇气，故选 C 项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：个人安全总是唯一重要的事情吗？A. happiness 幸福；B. health健康；C. achievement 成就；D. safety 安全。根据上文“may risk”提到帮助陌生人可能有风险，所以这里讨论个人安全是否是唯一重要的，故选 D 项。
33 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个人安全总是唯一重要的事情吗？A. matters 要紧，重要；
B. applies 应用；C. favors 偏爱；D. occurs 发生。前文提到帮助陌生人可能有风险，所以这
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里讨论个人安全是否是唯一重要的，根据常识也可知，人身安全是重要的。故选 A 项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意： 拒绝需要帮助的旅行者有它自身的代价——不仅对他们，对我也是。A. Bringing up 抚养，提出；B. Turning away 拒绝，把……打发走；C. Reaching for伸手去够；D. Cheering up 使高兴起来。根据上文“Should we fear everyone we don’t know Is personal...always the only thing that... ”可知，作者面临是否帮助陌生人的选择，这里说的是拒绝帮助旅行者会有代价，turn away 符合语境，故选 B 项。
35 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我宁愿冒一点险，也不愿带着愧疚生活。A. disability 残疾；
B. illness 疾病；C. guilt 愧疚；D. curiosity 好奇。根据下文“I’d rather choose kindness than let fear rule me.”可知，作者选择帮助陌生人，是不想因为拒绝帮助而内心愧疚，故选 C 项。
36 ．illegal
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 在美国，那个年纪的男孩喝酒是违法的。根据句意以及空前 is为系动词可知，此处为形容词 illegal“违法的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填 illegal。
37 ．ensures
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意： 我几年前买的电脑现在仍然能保证我工作方便快捷。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语是 The computer（单数），时间状语 now 表示一般现在时，因此动词用第三人称单数 ensures。故填 ensures。
38 ．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们俩都沉浸在一起玩耍的简单快乐中。be absorbed in 是固定短语，意为“沉浸于，专注于”，所以空处应用介词 in。故填 in。
39 ．annoying
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 当航班延误且又没有合理的解释时，那真是让人非常恼火。此句中描述航班晚点却没有合理原因这种情况是令人恼怒的，所以用形容词 annoying，表示“令人恼怒的”，在句中作表语。故填 annoying。
40 ．designed
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 这位男士买了一架设计精美的钢琴，它与任何风格的家具都十分搭配。修饰名词 piano 用形容词 designed，作定语。故填 designed。
41 ．to believe
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 我假装相信他，还帮他组织了比赛。“pretend to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“假装做某事”，用动词不定式 to believe 作宾语。故填 to believe。
42 ．delivered
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【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助学生解决他们的心理问题，我们将举办一场由英国教授主持的讲座。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 lecture，因 lecture
和 deliver 为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填 delivered。
43 ．survivors
【详解】考查名词。句意： 有关官员说，飞机失事没有幸存者。根据句意可知， 空处应为名词 survivor，且照应谓语动词“were”可知，应为复数。故填 survivors。
44 ．creatively
【详解】考查副词。句意： 中国的年轻人正在努力且富有创造力地保护一座寺庙。提示词与前面的副词 hard 并列，共同修饰谓语动词 are working，应用副词 creatively 作状语，表示“富有创造力地”。故填 creatively。
45 ．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 许多人，其中一些并不超重，正在节食。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Many people”，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，故应用关系代词
whom。故填 whom。
46 ．being attacked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的牙齿需要每天刷牙，以保护它们免受病毒的侵害。 protect … from … 后面要接动名词；这里“牙齿”是被病毒攻击，要用被动 from being
attacked。故填 being attacked。
47 ．satisfaction
【详解】考查名词。句意：我真的相信，既提高客户满意度又降低成本是可能的。空前
customers’ 是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，satisfy（动词）其名词形式为 satisfaction“满意、满意度”。故填 satisfaction。
48 ．registration
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方正在寻找一辆车牌号为 B34-ACS 的蓝色小型轿车。registration number 表示“车牌号”，这里需要用 register 的名词形式 registration 来修饰名词 number。故填registration。
49 ．confused
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他困惑的表情表明他不知道下一步该做什么。该空修饰名词look，用 v+ed 形式的形容词，表示人因为困惑而发出的表情。所以填 confused。
50 ．complaining
答案第 9 页，共 13 页
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望你别再抱怨了，比以前更努力些。quit doing sth.表示“停止做某事、戒掉做某事”。故填 complaining。
51 ．should follow## follow
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的朋友建议我听从老师的建议。当表示“建议、命令、要求”等含义的动词(如 recommend, suggest, order, demand 等)后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略；句中recommend 表示“建
议”，其后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，所以从句谓语动词 follow(遵循，听从)应用虚拟语气形式 should follow 或 follow。故填 should follow/follow。
52 ．away
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：节日来临之前，每个人都会打扫卫生，希望能扫走坏运气。此处为固定短语 sweep away，意为“扫去，清除” 符合句意。故填 away。
53 ．has struck
【详解】考查时态。句意： 这是十年来该地区第二次发生重大地震了。在“This is the + 序数词 + time + that 从句”结构中，that 从句要用现在完成时，表示“这是第几次做某事” 。strike的过去分词是 struck，主语 a major earthquake 是单数，所以用 has struck。故填 has struck。
54 ．whose
【详解】句意： 那就是那台零件小得看不见的新机器。此处 machine 是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，故答案为 whose。
55 ．will disappear
【详解】考查动词时态。句意： 流感的症状可能让人难受，但它们会在几天内消失。此处为谓语动词的填入，时间状语 within a few days 表将来，用一般将来时 will + 动词原形。故填will disappear。
56 ．was injured
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意： 那位眼含泪水的女士看到了受伤并被送进手术室的儿子。根据句意可知，儿子是被弄伤，要用被动语态；结合“saw”可知，使用一般过去时，主语 who，指代 her son ，be 动词用 was。故填 was injured。
57 ．that##which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 最终，他到了一座完全与外界隔绝的荒岛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词 island（指物），且关系词在定语从句中作主语。
故填 that 或 which。
答案第 10 页，共 13 页
58 ．threat
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的行为被解释为对社区的威胁。本空作 as 的宾语，应填名词threat“威胁”。故填 threat。
59 ．intending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 小女孩摘了许多叶子，打算喂她的蚕宝宝。该句中已有谓语动词 picked，但无连词，所以此处使用非谓语动词形式，主语 the little girl 与intend 为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，intend 的现在分词为 intending。故填 intending。
60 ．to confirm
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在最终确定选择前，家长 / 监护人将被要求签字以确认孩子的选择。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式 to do 表示“为了 ……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填 to confirm。
61．that 62．poorly 63．of/for 64．to perform 65．have reported 66．belief
67 ．noting 68 ．higher 69 ．the 70 ．are
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
61 ．考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知， 主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。
62 ．考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填 poorly。
63 ．考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意： 跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填 to perform。
65 ．考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have reported。
66 ．考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填
belief。
67 ．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
答案第 11 页，共 13 页
68 ．考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are 可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填 higher。
69 ．考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the。
70 ．考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填 are。
71 ．范文
Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition
Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition, whose theme is “Hand in Hand, Save the Food”. The competition aims to raise awareness about the importance of saving food.
All students are encouraged to participate. Entries should consist of an original piece of
writing, focusing on the theme of food waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction. Please submit your entries to the English Department mailbox by the deadline of June 1st.
We look forward to your participation and creative submissions.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动，节约粮食”的作文比赛写一则活动通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
集中：focus on→concentrate on
鼓励：encourage→hearten
主题：theme→topic
2.句式拓展同义句转换
原句：Entries should consist of an original piece of writing, focusing on the theme of food waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction.
拓展句：Entries should consist of an original piece of writing, which should focus on the theme of food waste and show how we can contribute to its reduction.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] The competition aims to raise awareness about the importance of saving food. (运用了动名词作宾语)
[高分句型 2] Entries should consist of an original piece of writing, focusing on the theme of food
答案第 12 页，共 13 页
waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction. (运用了 how 引导宾语从句)
答案第 13 页，共 13 页

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