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Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section A (1a-2d) 课后练习
一、根据音标或词义提示完成单词拼写。
1. In Japan, it's common to ________ (鞠躬) when you meet someone for the first time.
2. It's /p 'la t/ to greet elders first in many Asian cultures.
3. Learning about foreign ________ /'k st mz/ can help us understand different cultures better.
4. When we visit a foreign country, we should try to a________ (避免) doing something rude.
5. Most people in Brazil like to ________ (拥抱) each other when they meet.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. It's ________ (polite) to talk with your mouth full while eating in most countries.
7. Different countries have different ________ (custom). We should respect all of them.
8. He suggested ________ (avoid) asking personal questions like salary when talking with strangers.
9. One of the most important ________ (value) in Chinese culture is respecting the old.
10. She greeted the guests ________ (warm) with a smile on her face.
三、根据句意及汉语提示补全句子。
11. 在许多西方国家，第一次见面时握手是很常见的。
In many Western countries, ________ ________ ________ ________ shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.
12. 我们应该避免在公共场合大声说话。
We should ________ ________ loudly in public places.
13. 在中国，人们非常重视家庭。
People in China ________ great ________ ________ family.
14. 他习惯于和不同文化背景的人交朋友。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ friends with people from different cultures.
15. 当你去日本时，记得要鞠躬。
When you go to Japan, ________ ________ ________ bow.
四、从选项中选择适当的选项补全对话。（选项中有两项是多余的）
Tom: Hi, Mary! I'm preparing a report about different cultural greetings. 16.______
Mary: Sure! I know some interesting customs.
Tom: Great! What do people usually do when meeting in Japan
Mary: 17.______
Tom: What about in Brazil
Mary: 18.______ They think it shows friendliness.
Tom: How about in our country, China
Mary: 19.______
Tom: That's right. Do you know anything about greeting in France
Mary: Yes. People there often kiss each other on the cheek. 20.______
Tom: Wow, that's really interesting. Thank you for telling me so much!
Mary: You're welcome!
A. They usually bow to each other.
B. Can you give me some advice
C. They like to hug each other.
D. We usually shake hands or nod our heads.
E. It's not easy to remember all these customs.
F. And the number of kisses depends on the region.
G. Would you like to share what you know with me
能力拔高题
Different countries have different table manners. Learning them can help us behave properly when we travel or eat with foreign friends.
In Japan, it's polite to say "itadakimasu" before eating, which means "I'm grateful for this food". You should not stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, because this is a symbol of death in Japanese culture. Also, it's rude to point at others with chopsticks.
In France, people like to take their time while eating. They usually have several courses and talk a lot during meals. It's bad manners to put your elbows on the table. You should keep your hands on the table, but not your elbows.
In Brazil, people are very friendly and warm. They often talk loudly and touch each other while eating. It's polite to say "bom apetite" before starting a meal, which means "enjoy your meal". You can leave a little food on your plate to show that you are full and the food was delicious.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
21. What does "itadakimasu" mean in Japanese culture
A. Enjoy your meal.
B. I'm grateful for this food.
C. Thank you for your service.
D. I'm full now.
22. Which of the following is rude in Japan
A. Saying "itadakimasu" before eating.
B. Keeping chopsticks parallel to the table.
C. Sticking chopsticks upright in the rice bowl.
D. Using chopsticks to pick up food gently.
23. What should you NOT do when eating in France
A. Take time to enjoy the meal.
B. Talk with others during meals.
C. Put your elbows on the table.
D. Keep your hands on the table.
24. Why do people in Brazil leave a little food on their plate
A. Because they don't like the food.
B. Because they want to save food for others.
C. Because it shows the food was delicious and they are full.
D. Because it's a symbol of good luck.
25. What's the best title for the text
A. Different Table Manners Around the World
B. How to Behave Well in Public
C. The Most Interesting Cultural Customs
D. Tips for Travelling to Foreign Countries
答案以及解析
一、根据音标或词义提示完成单词拼写。
1. bow
【详解】句意：在日本，第一次见面时鞠躬是很常见的。“鞠躬”对应的英文是bow，此处用动词原形，符合句型it's + adj + to do sth的结构。故填bow。
2. polite
【详解】句意：在许多亚洲文化中，先问候长辈是有礼貌的。根据音标/p 'la t/提示，此处填polite，意为“有礼貌的”，形容词作表语。故填polite。
3. customs
【详解】句意：了解外国习俗可以帮助我们更好地理解不同的文化。根据音标/'k st mz/提示，此处填customs，是custom的复数形式，意为“习俗”，符合语境。故填customs。
4. avoid
【详解】句意：当我们去外国旅游时，我们应该尽量避免做粗鲁的事。“避免”对应的英文是avoid，try to后接动词原形。故填avoid。
5. hug
【详解】句意：巴西的大多数人见面时喜欢互相拥抱。“拥抱”对应的英文是hug，like to后接动词原形。故填hug。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. impolite
【详解】句意：在大多数国家，吃饭时嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。根据语境，此处表示“不礼貌的”，polite的反义词是impolite，形容词作表语。故填impolite。
7. customs
【详解】句意：不同的国家有不同的习俗。我们应该尊重所有习俗。different后接可数名词复数，custom的复数形式是customs。故填customs。
8. avoiding
【详解】句意：他建议和陌生人交谈时避免问诸如薪水之类的私人问题。suggest doing sth是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，所以此处填avoid的动名词形式avoiding。故填avoiding。
9. values
【详解】句意：中国文化中最重要的价值观之一是尊老。one of后接可数名词复数，value作“价值观”讲时是可数名词，复数形式为values。故填values。
10. warmly
【详解】句意：她面带微笑热情地问候客人。此处修饰动词greeted，要用副词，warm的副词形式是warmly。故填warmly。
三、根据句意及汉语提示补全句子。
11. it is common to
【详解】根据中英文对照，此处表示“……是很常见的”，用it is common to do sth的句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填it; is; common; to。
12. avoid talking
【详解】根据中英文对照，“避免做某事”是avoid doing sth，“大声说话”是talk loudly，should后接动词原形。故填avoid; talking。
13. place; value on
【详解】根据中英文对照，“重视……”是place great value on sth，是固定短语，主语people是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填place; value; on。
14. is used to making
【详解】根据中英文对照，“习惯于做某事”是be used to doing sth，“交朋友”是make friends，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is; used; to; making。
15. remember to
【详解】根据中英文对照，“记得要做某事”是remember to do sth，此处是祈使句，用动词原形开头。故填remember; to。
四、从选项中选择适当的选项补全对话。
16. G
【详解】根据下文Mary的回答“Sure! I know some interesting customs.”可知，Tom是邀请Mary分享相关知识，选项G“你愿意和我分享你所知道的吗？”符合语境。故选G。
17. A
【详解】根据上文问题“What do people usually do when meeting in Japan ”，此处应回答日本的见面礼仪，选项A“他们通常互相鞠躬。”符合语境。故选A。
18. C
【详解】根据上文问题“What about in Brazil ”，此处回答巴西的见面礼仪，结合后文“They think it shows friendliness.”，选项C“他们喜欢互相拥抱。”符合语境。故选C。
19. D
【详解】根据上文问题“How about in our country, China ”，此处回答中国的见面礼仪，选项D“我们通常握手或点头。”符合语境。故选D。
20. F
【详解】根据前文“People there often kiss each other on the cheek.”，此处补充法国亲吻礼仪的细节，选项F“而且亲吻的次数取决于地区。”符合语境。故选F。
能力拔高题
21. B
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“it's polite to say 'itadakimasu' before eating, which means 'I'm grateful for this food'”可知，这个短语的意思是“我感激这份食物”。故选B。
22. C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“You should not stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, because this is a symbol of death in Japanese culture.”可知，把筷子直立插在饭碗里在日本是不礼貌的。故选C。
23. C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“It's bad manners to put your elbows on the table.”可知，在法国吃饭时把胳膊肘放在桌子上是不礼貌的。故选C。
24. C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“You can leave a little food on your plate to show that you are full and the food was delicious.”可知，巴西人留一点食物在盘子里是为了表示食物好吃且自己吃饱了。故选C。
25. A
【详解】最佳标题题。全文主要介绍了日本、法国、巴西三个国家不同的餐桌礼仪，选项A“世界各地不同的餐桌礼仪”精准概括主题。故选A。

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