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主谓一致(仅作理解)
专题十四
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致遵循三个基本原则: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
中考高频考点: 语法一致原则以及就近一致原则。
考点1　语法一致
　　语法一致原则是指主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语动词也采用单数形式; 主语是复数形式, 谓语动词也采用复数形式。
主语 例句
可数名词单数、不可数名词或单数代词 The book is very interesting.
这本书非常有趣。
It is a boring movie.
这是一部无聊的电影。
The air is fresh.
空气是新鲜的。
one, every one, each one, any one等+of+可数名词复数作主语 Every one of the boys has a gift. 每个男孩都有礼物。
One of the friends is/comes from the US.
其中一位朋友来自美国。
一、谓语动词用单数形式的情况
主语 例句
不定代词either, neither, each, one, another, some-系列, every-系列, any-系列, no-系列等作主语 Everyone is here today. 今天每个人都在这里。
Neither of his parents is a doctor. 他的父母都不是
医生。
动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语 Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax.
大笑两个小时是一种很好的放松方式。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
What she said is the only information I know.
她说的话是我唯一知道的信息。
主语 例句
the number of+可数名词复数作主语 The number of students in our school is about 6, 000. 我们学校的学生人数大约是6 000人。
分数、百分数加不可数名词作主语 More than 70 percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
地球表面超过70%被水覆盖。
二、谓语动词用复数形式的情况
主语 例句
可数名词复数或复数代词作主语 They are all from our school. 他们都来自我们
学校。Dogs are our friends. 狗是我们的朋友。
由and 或both. . . and. . . 连接的并列成分作主语 Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
a number of+可数名词复数作主语 A number of boys look up to basketball stars.
许多男孩仰望篮球明星。
主语 例句
分数、百分数加可数名词复数作主语 Two thirds of students in our class are boys.
我们班三分之二的学生是男生。
(此时的class指集体中的成员)
三、其他情况
主语 例句
主语后带有with, together with, along with, as well as 等时, 谓语动词的数与前面主语的数保持一致 The teacher with his three students is playing basketball.
老师和他的三个学生正在打篮球。
主语 例句
none 作主语指代不可数名词时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 指代可数名词时, 谓语动词可用单数形式, 也可用复数形式 None of us have/has been to the moon.
我们谁也没有去过月球。
在主语和谓语倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的数应和它后面主语的数保持一致 Here comes a man. 一个男人来了。
定语从句中, 关系代词that, who, which作主语时, 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致 The man who is eating noodles is my uncle. 正在吃面条的那个人是我的叔叔。
考点专练
1. (2024绥化)In China, a number of birthday persons 　　　　cakes with candles. The number of candles 　　　　the person’s age.
A. has; is B. eats; are C. eat; is
2. —Tom’s father bought lots of books yesterday.
—That’s not strange. 　　　　Tom 　　　　his father enjoy reading.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or
3. 　　　　 my father 　　　　my mother has played taiji before. They will learn it this summer.
A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and
4. —It is said that 　　　　people killed in car accidents 　　　　more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months.
—So everyone should know more about the traffic rules.
A. a number of; is B. the numbers of; are
C. numbers of; are D. the number of; is
5. Things have changed. Nearly two thirds of the land in our city 　　　　by forests now.
A. is covered B. was covered
C. were covered D. are covered
考点2　意义一致
　　意义一致原则是指谓语动词的形式根据主语所表达的单复数概念而定。
主语 谓语动词形式 例句
表示时间、距离、价 值、重量等的名词 单数 Twenty years is a long time for me.
二十年对我来说是很长的一段时间。
100 dollars is enough. 一百美元足够
了。
由and连接的并列成分作主语, 并列成分指同一个人、事物或者概念 The scientist and writer likes giving speeches. 这位科学家兼作家喜欢演
讲。
主语 谓语动词形式 例句
each. . . and each. . . , every. . . and every. . . 和no. . . and no. . . 类结构作主语 单数 Each planet and each star has its own size.
每颗行星和每颗恒星都有自己的大小。
more than one/many a+可数名词单数作主语 More than one student likes this game.
不止一个学生喜欢这个游戏。
主语 谓语动词形式 例句
注意: 有些以s结尾的名词, s是单词本身的一部分, 不表示复数意义, 如news, maths, physics, politics Physics is my favorite subject and I’m pretty good at it. 物理是我最喜欢的科目, 我很擅长它。 表示复数意义的集体名 词, 如people, police 等 复数 People in China live a happy life now.
中国人现在过着幸福的生活。
“the+姓氏复数”作主 语, 表示“一家人或夫 妇二人” The Greens are going to Beijing tomorrow. 格林一家明天要去北京。
主语 谓语动词形式 例句
单复数同形的名词, 如fish, deer, means, species, series等 表示单数意义时, 用单数 Every possible means has been tried to weigh a black hole.
人们尝试了所有可能的方法来给黑洞称重。
表示复数意义时, 用复数 The means of communication between the earth and Mars have been built.
地球和火星之间的通信工具已经建
成。
主语 谓语动词形式 例句
集体名词作主语时 表示整体概念用单数 His family is very big.
他有一个大家庭。
表示具体成员用复数 His family are very friendly.
他的家人非常友好。
考点专练
1. Many city people 　　　　their bikes to work because it’s good for protecting the environment.
A. ride B. rides C. riding D. have ridden
2. —How time flies! Four years 　　　　since we started to study here.
—So it is.
A. has passed B. has been passed
C. have been past D. have passed
3. The Greens 　　 　　(clean) the house when the door bell rang.
4. More than one criminal 　　 　　(catch) last summer.
were cleaning
was caught
考点3　就近一致
　　就近一致是指当主语是两个或两个以上的并列名词或代词时, 谓语动词的数要与邻近的名词和代词的数保持一致。
主语 例句
由either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but (also). . . , not. . . but. . . 或or连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词和距离其较近的主语在数上保持一致 Either Jimmy or I am going to give a speech.
要么吉米要么我将做一个演讲。
Not only Lily but (also) her parents enjoy skating.
不仅莉莉喜欢滑冰, 她的父母也都喜欢滑冰。
主语 例句
在存现句中, be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a banana and several apples in my schoolbag. 我的书包里有一根香蕉和几个苹果。
考点专练
1. Either you 　　　　your sister 　　　　there because one of you must stay at home.
A. or; goes B. or; go C. nor; go D. nor; goes
2. Here 　　　　a pair of 　　　　. You can use them.
A. are; scissors B. is; scissors C. are; scissor D. is; scissor
3. Not only Jim but also his sister 　　　　a few cities since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
4. In our school library, there 　　　　a number of books on art. The number of the books 　　　　still growing larger and larger.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
5. Neither the headmaster nor the teachers 　　　　(be) going to take a vacation next week.
6. There 　　　　(be) a dictionary and some books on your desk.
are
is

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