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主从复合句
专题十五
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
主从复合句是分句之间呈现主从关系的一种复合句, 因此要包含至少两个谓语(主句一个, 从句一个)。
类别 意义 举例
宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语的句子引导宾语从句的常见关联词: that, if, whether, what, who. . . I think (that) it is a wonderful place.
类别 意义 举例
状语从句 在复合句中用作状语的从句根据表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、结果、目的、让步等类型 He is so young that he can’t go to school. (结果)If you do, you will be late. (条件)
定语从句(关系从句) 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 I like music that I can dance to. Tom is the one who can write his own music.
课标要求掌握三个方面的内容: 宾语从句、状语从句以及能够辨认及理解定语从句(关系从句)。
中考高频考点: 宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句。
考点1　宾语从句
　　在主从复合句中充当宾语, 位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
一、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句在句子中要用陈述语序, 即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。
Do you know where Tom lives 你知道汤姆住哪儿吗
I wonder if you will come to the party. 我想知道你是否来参加派对。
二、宾语从句的引导词(关系词)
引导词 用法 例句
that(宾语从句为陈述句时) 在从句中无意义, 不充当句子成分, 在口语中常可省略 I believe (that) you will succeed.
我相信你会成功。
连接代词(宾语从句为特殊疑问句时)what/which/who/whose/whom等 在从句中作一定的成分, 如作主语、宾语、定语等 Lisa wonders what she should do next.
莉萨想知道她接下来应该做什么。
Do you know whose coat it is
你知道这是谁的外套吗
引导词 用法 例句
连接副词(when/where/why/how等) 在从句中作状语 Jessie hasn’t decided when she will leave for Paris.
杰西还没有决定什么时候出发去巴黎。
if/whether(一般疑问句) “是否”, 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, know, wonder等之后 I don’t know if/whether my sister will come to the party.
我不知道我姐姐是否会来参加聚会。
【特别提醒】
只能用whether不能用if的情况
(1)在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 我在考虑我们是否应该去钓鱼。
(2)在动词不定式前
They asked me whether to go skating. 他们问我是否去滑冰。
(3)当与or not连用, 或提出两种选择时
I don’t know whether he’s free or not. 我不知道他是否有空。
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
玛丽问我是否在写作业。
(4)宾语从句提前时
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是真是假, 我不能说。
主句 从句 例句
一般现在时 根据实际情况使用相应的时态(主现从不限) I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday/will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
我听说乔昨天去了北京/明天要去北京。
一般过去时 使用相对应的过去的某种时态(主过从也过) Kate said she was going shopping at this time yesterday.
凯特说她昨天这个时候正要去购物。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时(客观真理永一现) Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
三、宾语从句的时态
考点专练
1. (2024白银、平凉、武威)—Excuse me, do you know 　　　　
—Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street.
A. where I can buy some vegetables
B. how to get to the post office
C. when the band starts playing
D. why he’s late for school again
2. (2024连云港)—John, can you tell me 　　　　in the future
—I want to be a football player.
A. what will you do B. where will you go
C. what you will do D. where you will go
3. (2024天津)—Could you tell me 　　　　
—He likes the Science Museum best.
A. when Kevin visited the museum
B. which museum Kevin likes best
C. when did Kevin visit the museum
D. which museum does Kevin like best
4. (2024云南)—Can you tell me 　　　　
—Sure. I usually give some books to a village library.
A. when World Book Day is
B. when is World Book Day
C. how you celebrate World Book Day
D. how do you celebrate World Book Day
5. (2024东营)—Do you know 　　　　
—20～30 minutes, the experts suggest.
A. what we should eat for a meal
B. where we should eat a meal
C. why we should not eat a meal too quickly
D. how long we should spend eating a mealh
6. (2024遂宁)—Excuse me, could you please tell me 　　　　
—It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it
A. how much does the jacket cost
B. how much the jacket costs
C. what was the price of the jacket
D. whether the price of the jacket was high
7. (2024长春)—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder 　　　　.
—In your uncle’s home.
A. where we will celebrate it B. when we will celebrate it
C. where will we celebrate it D. when will we celebrate it
8. (2024河北)To know 　　　　the mountain top looks like, you need to
reach it.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
考点2　定语从句(仅作理解)
　　在主从复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后, 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间, 起联系作用, 同时又作定语从句的成分。
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
who 指人 主语、宾语 I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.
我要祝贺今天在座的所有学生。
(作主语)
He is the man who we are waiting for.
他就是我们正在等待的人。(作宾语)
whom 指人 宾语 He’s the boy (whom) I talked with just now. 他就是刚才和我交谈过的男孩。
(作宾语)
一、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 I love movies that are funny.
我喜欢有趣的电影。(作主语)
The book that I read is fascinating.
我读的这本书很吸引人。(作宾语)
He is not the man that he was.
他不再是(过去的)那个人了。(作表语)
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
which 指物 主语、宾语 I’ll never forget the days (which) we spent together.
我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。
(作宾语)
The book which is on the desk belongs to me.
桌子上的书是我的。(作主语)
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
whose 指人或物 定语 He is the writer whose name is Jerry.
他是一位名叫杰瑞的作家。(作定语)
The room whose window is open is mine.
窗户开着的房间是我的。(作定语)
【特别提醒】
(1)that作宾语时可以省略; 作介词的宾语时, 介词不可位于that之前; 如果介词位于关系代词前, 用which或whom等其他词替代that。
Every great man has special things (that) we can learn from. =Every great man has special things from which we can learn. 每个伟大的人都有值得我们学习的特别之处。
(2)关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况(小口诀: 代特高/序双)
①先行词是不定代词时: all, everything, nothing, anything, something. . .
Everything that we have seen in the shop is wonderful. 我们在商店里看到的一切事物都是美妙的。
②先行词中含有特指的词时: the only, the very, the last, the same. . .
This is the last book that she is looking for. 这是她正在寻找的最后一本书。
③当先行词被最高级/序数词修饰时
I will always remember the best/first lesson that I learned. 我将永远记住我学到的最好的/第一课。
④当先行词中既有人又有物时(which只指物不指人)
I don’t know the things and persons that they are talking about. 我不了解他们正在谈论的事情和人。
(3)关系代词只能用which/who/whom不能用that的情况
①先行词为those/one并指人时, 通常用who/whom
②非限制性定语从句中不能用that
③由“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时, 指物用介词+which, 指人用介词+whom,
表示所属关系用介词+whose
The policeman with whom you talked is my elder brother.
和你交谈的那个警察是我的哥哥。
This is the dictionary for which I paid 8 dollars. 这是我花费八美元买的词典。
二、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 例句
when day, year, date, time等表示时间的名词 时间状语 I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
我还记得我们第一次相遇的那天。
关系副词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 例句
where place, city, country等表示地点的名词 地点状语 This is the town where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的小镇。
why 表示原因的名词 reason 原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning.
我想知道你今天早上没有来上学的原因。
考点专练
1. (2024乐山)—I’ll never forget the experiences 　　　　we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A. when B. who C. that
2. (2024遂宁)—What kind of movies do you like best
—I like the movies 　　　　make me feel happy and relaxed.
A. what B. which C. who D. /
3. (2024泸州)A true friend is a person 　　　　will always be there to share your laughter and tears.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
4. (2024长春)As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike 　　　　can fly in the sky.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
考点3　状语从句
一、常见状语从句的类型及其引导词
分类 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 before, since, not. . . until, as, while, as soon as, after, when, whenever As soon as he arrived in France, he called me.
他一到法国就给我打了电话。
条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as. . . If you do this, you’ll be late.
如果你这样做, 你会迟到的。
分类 引导词 例句
让步状语从句 though, although, even though/if Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.
虽然他已经80岁了, 但他看起来仍然强壮健康。
原因状语从句 because, as, since I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold. 我没有去冲浪, 因为天气太冷了。
目的状语从句 so that, in order that You should talk to him so that you can say you’re sorry.
你应该跟他谈谈, 这样就可以向他道歉。
分类 引导词 例句
结果状语从句 so/such. . . that. . . He was so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小了, 不能去上学。
比较状语从句 than, as. . . as. . . , not as/so. . . as. . . John swims faster than Jim (does).
约翰游得比吉姆快。
地点状语从句 where, wherever Wherever I am, I will be thinking of my family.
无论我在哪里, 我都会想着我的家人。
方式状语从句 as, as if/though They did as I had asked.
他们是按照我的要求做的。
二、常见状语从句的时态
主将从现 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中, 若主句为一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来 I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。(时间状语从句)
If my mother allows me to go to the party, I will be very happy.
如果我的妈妈允许我参加聚会, 我将会非常开心。(条件状语从句)
主祈从现/主情从现 若主句是祈使句, 或主句中有情态动词时, 那么从句用一般现在时表示将来 Be careful when you cross the road.
当你过马路时要小心。(主祈从现)
You can get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习, 你就能取得好成绩。(主情从现)
since引导的时间状语从句 主句用现在完成时, 从句用一般过去时 Our English teacher has worked in this school since she graduated from Peking University.
从北京大学毕业后, 我们的英语老师就在这所学校上班。
考点专练
1. (2024吉林)Bob watches the news every night 　　　　he wonders what’s going on around the world.
A. although B. because C. unless
2. (2024徐州)If you are lazy in spring, you 　　　　nothing in autumn.
A. harvested B. will harvest
C. are harvesting D. have harvested
3. (2024常州)Practice is very important. You will forget the new words 　　　　you often use them.
A. when B. unless C. if D. until
4. (2024临夏)Tom didn’t go to bed 　　　　his mother came back last night.
A. until B. if C. because D. unless
5. I will try my best to help you, 　　　　I don’t know what to start with yet.
A. whether B. since C. though D. until
6. Mary shut the window just now 　　　　she could keep the insects out.
A. so that B. when C. till D. after

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