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动词和动词短语
专题八
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
专题语篇精练
动词是表示动作或状态的词。
类别 用法 例词
按句法功能 实义动词 不及物动词 表示动作或状态, 在句中能独立作谓语 后面不能直接跟宾语 go, swim, work, die. . .
及物动词 后面直接跟宾语 ask, say, find, use. . .
类别 用法 例词
按句法功能 系动词 连接主语和表语, 必须和表语一起构成谓语, 不能独立作谓语 am/is/are, look, feel, seem. . .
助动词 只能和实义动词一起构成谓语, 表示疑问、否定、时态等, 本身无意义或意义不完全, 不能独立作谓语 do, does, did, am/is/are, have, will, would. . .
类别 用法 例词
按句法功能 情态动词 表示说话人的语气和情态, 一般没有人称和数的变化, 只能和主要动词一起构成谓语, 不能独立作谓语 can, may, must, could, would, should, might. . .
按意义 状态动词 描述状态, 表示相对静止的动词 like, hate, love. . .
动作动词 延续性动词 表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态 live, learn, keep, drink. . .
非延续性动词 表示行为或过程是瞬间完成的 leave, come, go, arrive. . .
课标要求掌握五个方面的内容: 动词的基本形式、及物动词和不及物动词、系动词、助动词以及情态动词。
中考高频考点: 动词及动词短语的词义辨析、动词的基本用法等。(注: 情态动词、动词的时态、非谓语动词等考试重点将在其余专题中单独详细呈现。)
考点1　实义动词
　　实义动词顾名思义就是有实际意义的动词, 表示动作或状态, 在句中能够独立作谓语。
类型 说明 用法 例句
及物动词 本身意思不完整, 必须加宾语 主要用于以下三种句型中: ①主+谓+宾 ②主+谓+宾+宾补③主+谓+宾+宾 Would you please open the door
你能打开门吗
The story made me relaxed.
这个故事让我很放松。
May I ask you a question
我能问你一个问题吗
1. 实义动词按照句法功能, 可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
类型 说明 用法 例句
不及物动词 自身意思完整, 无需加宾语 主要用于以下句型中: ①主+谓 ②主+谓+状语 What happened
怎么了
They work in a factory.
他们在一家工厂工作。
2. 实义动词按照其意义, 可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两类。
类型 用法 例句
延续性动词 表示一种可延续的动作或状态 I have lived here for ten years.
我在这里生活十年了。
非延续性动词(短暂性动词) 表示行为或动作瞬间完成, 不可延续 He left the office five minutes ago.
他五分钟前离开了办公室。
【特别提醒】
(1)只有及物动词能用于被动语态。
The meeting will be held in an hour. 会议将在一小时后举行。
(2)非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 如果想要表达一个非延续性动作持续了多久, 要先将其转换为相应的延续性动词。
The old man died 4 years ago. 这位老人四年前去世了。
→The old man has been dead for 4 years. 这位老人已经去世4年了。
(3)非延续性动词在否定结构中可与表示一段时间的状语连用, 表示持续的动作或状态。
I haven’t seen him for a year. 我有一年没见过他了。
考点专练
1. (2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)—The book is worth reading. How long may I 　　　　it
—　　　　 a week. 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
A. keep; For B. borrow; For C. lend; In D. stay; In
2. (2024绥化改编)Hurry up! The movie 　　　　for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. was
3. 在过去, 很多河流被严重地污染了, 但现在它们被清理干净了。
In the past, many rivers 　　 　　seriously, but now they are cleaned up.
A
C
were polluted
4. 放轻松。别把自己逼得如此紧。
　　　　 　　　　. Don’t push yourself so hard.
5. His brother has been in the army for three years. (改为同义句)
His brother 　　　　the army three years 　　　　.
6. Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. (改为同义句)
Cathy’s parents 　　　　　　　　married for twenty-five years.
Just relax
joined
ago
have been
7. (2024重庆A卷)Helen, a, cake, me, bought(连词成句)
　 .
8. sang, to, they, me, a birthday song(连词成句)
　 .
Helen bought me a cake
They sang a birthday song to me
考点2　系动词
　　系动词不能单独作谓语, 必须和表语(通常为名词或形容词)一起构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。一般情况下, 系动词没有被动语态。
用法 例词 例句
表状态 be, stay, keep, seem　 We are in Grade 9 this year. 今年我们上九年级。
表感官 look, sound, smell, taste, feel The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来很有趣。
表变化 become, turn, get, go Leaves turn yellow in fall.
树叶在秋天变黄。
考点专练
用适当的感官动词填空
1. This cake doesn’t 　　　　very delicious.
2. —Dad, what are you cooking It 　　　　so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
3. —What do you think of this piece of music
—It 　　　　beautiful but a little sad.
4. —Your skirt 　　　　so special.
—Oh yes, it’s very popular these days. It’s called mamianqun.
5. The scarf 　　　　soft. I like it very much.
taste
smells
sounds
looks
feels
考点3　助动词
　　助动词本身无词义或意义不完全, 不能独立作谓语, 只能和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气, 以及否定和疑问结构。
助动词 常见结构及用法 例句
be(am/is/are/was/were) “be+过去分词”构成被动语态 It is made in China. 它产于中国。
“be+doing”构成进行时态 He is reading now. 他正在读书。
do(does/did) “Do+主语+动词原形+其他 ”构成一般疑问句 Do you like apples 你喜欢苹果吗
助动词 常见结构及用法 例句
do(does/did) “主语+don’t+动词原形+其他. ”构成否定句 I don’t like apples. 我不喜欢苹果。
“do+动词原型”表示强调 I do like apples. 我的确喜欢苹果。
have(has/had) “have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时 I have finished it. 我已经做完了。
“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时 When she arrived at the station, the train had already left.
当她到达车站时, 火车已经开走了。
考点专练
1. (2024牡丹江)Bob set out on his new journey this morning. (改为一般疑问句)
　　　　 Bob 　　　　out on his new journey this morning
2. The volunteers were washing clothes for the old. (改为一般疑问句)
　　　　 the volunteers 　　　　clothes for the old
3. He’s already handed in his homework. (改为一般疑问句)
　　　　 he already 　　　　in his homework
4. 昨天晚上一些父母被邀请去参加学校音乐会。
Some parents 　　　　　　　　to the school concert last night.
Did
set
Were
washing
Has
handed
were invited
考点4　动词短语
一、常见同一动词的不同搭配
单词 短语
look look after照料; 照顾　 look for 寻找; 寻求
look forward to 盼望; 期待 look through 快速查看; 浏览
look back at 回首(往事); 回忆; 回顾
look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅; 抬头看
look up to 钦佩; 仰慕 look at 看; 注视
单词 短语
turn turn right/left向右/左转 turn down 拒绝; 调低
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等); 打开
turn. . . into 变成　 　turn off 关掉
turn up 开大; 调高 turn around 转身
take take up (尤指为消遣)学着做; 开始做
take after (外貌或行为)像 take care of 照顾; 处理
take down 拆除; 往下拽; 记录
take off 脱下(衣服); (飞机等)起飞
take in 吸入　　 take out 取出; 带……出去
单词 短语
take take part in 参加 take one’s place 取代某人
take place 发生 take pride in 以……为骄傲
take away 拿走　　　 take turns 依次; 轮流
call call (sb. ) back (给某人)回电话 call up 打电话给(某人); 征召
call in 召来; 叫来
give give away赠送; 捐赠 give out 分发; 散发
give up 放弃 give. . . a lift 捎……一程
get get dressed 穿上衣服　 get lost 迷路
get to 到达 get up 起床; 站起
单词 短语
get get into陷入; 参与 get married 结婚
get on 上车 get off下车
get on with 和睦相处; 关系良好 get out of 离开; 从……出来
get in the way of 挡……的路; 妨碍 get mad 大动肝火; 气愤
get used to 习惯于 get down下来
get over 克服 get together 相聚
get back 回来; 恢复; 取回 get ready for. . . 为……做好准
get away from 远离
单词 短语
cut cut down砍倒　　 cut up 切碎
cut off 切除 cut out 删除; 删去
run run away跑开　　 run out (of) 用尽; 耗尽
run after 追逐; 追赶
come come on快点儿 come true 实现; 成为现实
come up with想出; 提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come across (偶然)遇见 come in 进来
come over 顺便来访 come out 开花; 出版
come back 回来; 恢复 come from 出生于; 来自
单词 短语
bring bring out使显现; 使表现出 bring back 使恢复; 使想起; 带回
fall fall down倒下; 跌倒; 倒塌 fall asleep 进入梦乡; 睡着
fall in love with 爱上; 喜欢上 fall over 绊倒
go go along (the street)沿着(这条街)走 go out 外出(娱乐)
go off (闹钟)发出响声 go by(时间)逝去; 过去
go out of one’s way 特地; 格外努力
go over 走过去; 复习; 仔细检查
go away 走开　　　　 go back 回去
go down下降 go on 继续
单词 短语
keep keep. . . to oneself 保守秘密
keep. . . away from 避免接近; 远离
keep one’s cool 沉住气; 保持冷静
keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
make make a wish 许愿 make friends 结交朋友
make one’s bed 铺床 make sure 确保; 查明
make up 编造(故事、谎言等) make a difference 影响; 有作用
make one’s way 前往; 费力地前进
单词 短语
make make. . . feel at home 使(某人)感到宾至如归
make a mess 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)
make an effort 作出努力 make one’s own decision 自己做决make a living 谋生
set set up建起; 建立 set off (sth. ) 点燃; 使……爆炸
set out 出发; 启程
单词 短语
put put up搭起; 举起　　　 　 put off 推迟
put on 增加(体重); 发胖 put sth. to good use 好好利用某物
put away 收拾(整理)好 put out 熄灭
put down 写下; 放下 put. . . into. . . 把……放进……
二、常见不同动词与同一介词或副词的搭配
单词 短语
up cheer up (使)变得高兴; 振奋起来 clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
dress up装扮; 乔装打扮 end up 最终成为; 最后处于
fix up 修理; 装饰　 　 fill up装满; 填补
grow up 长大; 成熟 hurry up 赶快; 急忙
make up 编造; 组成; 化妆 mix up 混淆; 弄混
pick up 捡起; 接电话; 开始从事 show up 赶到; 露面
stand up 站立 stay up 熬夜
use up 用光 wake up 醒来; 叫醒
单词 短语
for ask for请求　 prepare for. . . 为……做准备
thank sb. for. . . 为……而感谢某人 search for 搜索; 查找
leave for 动身去 pay for 为……付钱 　　　
wait for 等待
from learn from 向……学习 hear from 收到……来信
separate. . . from. . . 把……与……分开
out blow out吹灭　 　 break out 爆发
carry out 执行 check out 察看; 观察
单词 短语
out clear out 清理; 丢掉 find out 查明; 弄清
hand out 分发 hang out 闲逛; 常去某处
leave out 不包括; 不提及; 忽略 point out 指出
sell out 卖光 try out 选拔; 试验
work out 成功地发展; 解决; 计算出
down break down停止运转, 出故障 die down 逐渐变弱; 逐渐消失
let. . . down 使……失望 lie down 躺下
pull. . . down 拆下; 摧毁 sit down坐下
write down 写下; 记录下
单词 短语
about think about考虑　　 worry about 担心
talk about 谈论 argue about 争论
care about 关心; 在意 hear about 听说
know/learn about 了解
with play with sb. 和某人一起玩 agree with 同意; 赞成
begin/start with 以……开始 catch up with 赶上
compare. . . with. . . 与……相比; 对比
connect. . . with. . . 把……和……连接或联系起来
单词 短语
with deal with 应付; 处理 end up with 以……结束
talk with 和……交谈
on hold on等一等(别挂电话) agree on 对……意见一致
call on访问, 拜访 decide on决定; 选定
depend on依靠; 依赖; 视……而定; 取决于
live/feed on. . . 靠……为生; 以……为食 try on 试穿
work on 从事; 忙于
at arrive at 到达(小地点)　 point at 指向
单词 短语
at shout at 对……大声叫喊 laugh at 嘲笑
throw at 扔向
of think of 想到　　 　hear of 听说
dream of 向往 die of 死于……
remind sb. of 提醒某人
to listen to 听　　　 　stick to 坚持
belong to 属于 agree to 同意
lead to 导致 pay attention to 关注; 注意
考点专练　
1. (2024淮安)—I think your grandfather should 　　　　smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A. put up B. give up C. pick up D. take up
2. (2024徐州)I am planning to 　　　　the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long.
A. pick up B. turn up
C. get up D. look up
3. (2024滨州)—Mom, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s 　　　　to people in need.
A. give them away B. wash them away
C. throw them away D. keep them away
4. (2024连云港)To live a green life, we should remember to 　　　　the lights when we leave a room.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
5. (2024宿迁)In Switzerland, a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes, people 　　　　its rich resources to live.
A. carry on B. try on
C. depend on D. put on
6. (2024通辽)千里之行, 始于足下。
A thousand-mile journey 　　　　　　　 　the first step.
7. (2024枣庄)学好英语可以使这个目标实现。
Learning English well can make the goal 　　　　　　　　.
begins/starts with
come true
8. (2024达州)木兰女扮男装, 替父从军。
Mulan dressed up like a boy and 　　　　her father’s 　　　　to fight in the army.
9. (2024天津)他的新书将于明年出版。
His new book will 　　　　　　　next year.
10. (2024重庆B卷)我们应该学会照顾自己。
We should learn to 　　　　　　　ourselves.
took
place
come out
look after
完形填空
　　This is Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. Now the students are 　1　 a math class with their robot teacher.
The “teacher” is a small, blue machine about 25cm high, the newspaper 　2　. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very patiently and never 　3　 bored.
“The robot can 　4　 students more active in class than usual. I see Elias as one of the tools to get different kinds of practice and activities into the classroom, ” a teacher told the reporter.
So far, the school has 　5　 four robot teachers, one of whom is a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “It is necessary to encourage kids to 　6　 new ways to make use of technology in school life, ” the head teacher of the school 　7　 in the interview. “The robot teachers are used to help 　8　 learning. This doesn’t mean that human teachers will 　9　 their jobs in the future. The robots can 　10　 well, but they are not able to keep the class in order. The school still needs human teachers. ”
1. A. eating B. having C. running D. drawing
2. A. watched B. explained C. dreamed D. reported
3. A. gets B. goes C. comes D. remains
4. A. encourage B. expect C. make D. invite
5. A. introduced B. told C. seen D. realized
6. A. come on B. come up with C. come across D. come down
7. A. refused B. promised C. included D. added
8. A. improve B. increase C. suffer D. change
9. A. find B. win C. lose D. enjoy
10. A. sing B. teach C. speak D. learn

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