资源简介

(共40张PPT)
名词
专题一
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
专题语篇精练
名词表示人或事物的名称。
类别 意义 例词
专有名词 特定的人、事物、地点等专有的名称, 首字母一般要大写 Mike, China, Sunday, Christmas等
普通名词 个体名词 (可数) 表示个体的人或事物 woman, apple, song, window等
类别 意义 例词
普通名词 集体名词(多为可数) 表示一群人或一些事物 police, class, family, team等
物质名词(不可数) 表示无法分为个体的物质或材料 water, sugar, glass, rice, beef等
抽象名词(不可数) 表示状态、品质、行为、情感等抽象概念 fun, interest, love, health, sadness等
课标要求掌握四个方面的内容: 可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词以及名词所有格。
中考高频考点: 可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格以及名词词义辨析等。
考点1　名词的数
　　名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
1. 可数名词是可以用具体数字来计量的名词, 它有单数和复数两种形式。其单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
2. 表示单一概念时要用　　　　形式, 一般要与不定冠词　　　　或
　　　　, 或定冠词　　　　连用。
3. 表示两个或两个以上的概念时要用　　　　形式。名词从单数形式变为复数形式, 有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况:
单数
a
an
the
复数
类型 构词方法 例词
一般情况 加-s book→books pet→pets boy→boys bed→beds
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾 加-es class→classes box→boxes watch→watches dish→dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i, 再加-es family→__________　 　　
party→parties
以f/fe结尾 变f/fe为v, 再加-es 　 　　→knives
leaf→_________　　　
families
knife
leaves
(1)规则变化
类型 构词方法 例词
以辅音字母加o结尾 表示有生命的名词, 在词尾加-es(小口诀: 英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆) hero→___________　　　
　　 　→potatoes
tomato→________　 　　
表示无生命的名词, 在词尾加-s photo→____________　　　
piano→pianos
以元音字母加o结尾 加-s zoo→zoos
radio→radios
bamboo→bamboos
heroes
potato
tomatoes
photos
(2)不规则变化
常见不规则变化的名词 child→　　　　　 mouse→　　　　　 man→________　　　　　 woman→　　　 tooth→　　　 foot→___________　　　
单复数同形的名词 鹿→　　　 绵羊→　_________　　　　　　
只有复数形式, 无单数形式的名词 衣服→　　　 裤子→　　 　 眼镜→_________　　　　
表示某国人的名词 单复数同形 (中日不变) 中国人→　　　 日本人→_________　　　　
children
mice
men
women
teeth
feet
deer
sheep
clothes
trousers/pants
glasses
Chinese
Japanese
表示某国人的名词 变-man/-woman为-men/-women(英法变) an Englishman→ten____________　　　　
a Frenchwoman→six________________
词尾加-s(其余s加后 面) an American→two_________　 　　　
a German→three_________　 　　　
Englishmen
Frenchwomen
Americans
Germans
二、不可数名词
1. 不可数名词不能用数来计算, 没有词形变化。单个不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用　　　　形式。
The coffee 　　　　too hot to drink.
单数
is
2. 不可数名词前面不能加a/an或基数词, 但可以用其他词来修饰。
常见不可数名词的修饰词有:
some 一些　much 许多　a little 一点儿
little 几乎没有　a bit of 一点儿　too much 太多
a great/good deal of 很多
a large amount of 大量的
一些面包________________ 　　　　　　　
许多钱________ ________ 　　　　　　　
some bread
much money
3. 当不可数名词需要计量时, 要用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示, 量词可以是单数, 也可以是复数, 谓语动词要与量词在数上保持一致。
一张纸a piece of paper
一杯水a glass of water
两袋大米________________________　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　
A pair of shoes 　　　　(be) enough for me.
is
two bags of rice
4. 常见的不可数名词有:
音乐→　　　　新闻→　　　　建议→__________　　　
天气→　　　　信息→　　 　　冰→__________　　　
交通→　　　　空气→　　　　水→__________　　　
果汁→　　　　健康→　　　　沙子→__________　　　
music
news
advice
weather
information
ice
traffic
air
water
juice
health
sand
三、常见既可数又不可数名词
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 time 次数; 倍数 时间
paper 试卷; 报纸 纸 life 生命 生活
experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作
glass 玻璃杯; 眼镜 玻璃 light 电灯 光
exercise 练习 锻炼 fish 鱼 鱼肉
考点专练
1. (2024雅安)Yuan Longping is one of our national 　　　　(英雄). We
admire him very much.
2. (2024扬州)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience
for its 　　　　(tour).
3. In some Western countries, people usually have meals with________
(knife) and forks.
4. I take notes very slowly in class. Could you please give me some__________
(suggestion)
heroes
tourists
knives
suggestions
5. My parents are both 　　　　(postman) and work in the post office 10 kilometers away from my home.
6. People in many foreign countries have 　　　　(party) on Chinese New Year’s Eve now. It means the growing 　　　　(interest) in Chinese culture around the world.
7. Miss Li is kind and patient. She often explains the difficult points several
　　　　(time) until we understand.
8. Each couple in China can have two 　　　　(child) from January 1st, 2016.
postmen
parties
interest
times
children
9. —Betty, you’d better follow the doctor’s advice and do more___________ 　　　　(exercise).
—I will. Thank you.
10. —We need some volunteers to help the old people in our neighborhood.
—Can I have a try I have rich　　　 　(experience) in caring for the old.
11. —What’s in the cupboard
—A few 　　　　(apple), but little 　　　　(coffee).
12. Mr. Smith always has some 　　　　(piece) of news to tell.
exercise
experience
apples
coffee
pieces
考点2　名词所有格
　　名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有三种形式: ’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。
类型 用法 示例
’s所有格 常用于有生命的名词 一般有生命的单数名词在词尾加’s my sister’s book我妹妹的书
以s结尾的单数名词或人名在词尾加’s或’ James’s/James’picture詹姆斯的照片the princess’s/princess’dress
公主的裙子
类型 用法 示例
’s所有格 常用于有生命的名词 以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’ 　　 　　Day教师节
不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s 　　　 　Day儿童节
某物为两者共有, 只在后一个名词词尾加’s; 某物为两者分别拥有, 两个名词词尾都要加’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　father is a doctor. 汤姆和杰克的爸爸是位医生。(共有)
Both______ _______ ________　　　　　　　　　　　　fathers are doctors. 汤姆和杰克的爸爸都是医生。(不共有)
Teachers’
Children’s
Tom and Jack’s
Tom’s and Jack’s
类型 用法 示例
’s所有格 常用于有生命的名词 在表示职业称谓、人名的词尾加’s表示处所 at the doctor’s 在诊所
at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家
用于表示时间、距离、价格、重 量、国家、世界、城市等的名词后 five 　　　　ride五个小时的车程 the 　　　　population世界人口
　　　 　traffic伦敦的交通
of所有格 常用于无生命的名词, 通常用“of+名词”构成所有格 the door of the room 房间的门
legs of the desk 桌腿
hours’
world’s
London’s
类型 用法 示例
双重所有格 of+名词所有格 a photo of 　　　　鲍勃的一张照片(照片本人不一定是鲍勃, 但所有者是鲍勃)
of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine ________________
Bob’s
我的一个朋友
考点专练
1. (2024黑龙江龙东地区)It is reported that 30 　　　　(minute) walk every day is healthy enough.
2. (2023苏州改编)We offered to help look after our 　 　　　(neighbor) dog when she was away.
3. These 　　　 　(fisherman) homes are no longer in the boats because of the government’s no fishing law on Yangtze River.
4. My parents always tell me not to trust a 　　　　(strange) words easily.
minutes’
neighbor’s
fishermen’s
stranger’s
5. Mr. Black is a teacher of my 　　　　(sister). She and her classmates like him very much.
6. I am going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So I’ve got two 　　　(week) holiday.
7. I am looking for a friend of 　　　　(I) who lives in this neighborhood.
8. This is 　　　　(Mike) and 　　　　(John) desk. That one is ours.
sister’s
weeks’
mine
Mike
John’s
考点3　名词词义辨析
　　在近几年的中考试题中, 名词词义辨析的考查点主要集中在语篇环境下的完形填空中。根据句意及上下文推测出题空处想要表达的意思是做题的关键。以下是从语篇中截取的经典题目及24年有单选地区的中考题, 请同学们结合前后句意, 推选出正确答案。
考点专练
1. (2024安徽)—Art serves as a 　　　　between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A. river B. wall C. palace D. bridge
2. (2024白银、武威、平凉)Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the 　　　　on while sleeping.
A. screen B. radio C. fan D. light
3. (2024天津)Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your 　　　　down.
A. body B. voice C. interest D. service
4. (2024滨州)—On April 25th, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft(宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully.
—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new 　　　　.
A. method B. energy C. height D. industry
5. (2024重庆B卷完形节选)Humor is part of human nature. Everyone has the ability to enjoy 　　　　and laughter, no matter who they are or where they come from.
A. movies B. books C. sports D. jokes
6. Take a 　　　　when you travel to another place, then you can get to the place where you want to go more easily and won’t be afraid of getting lost.
A. light B. notice C. map D. book
考点4　名词作定语
　　名词作定语修饰名词时, 一般有以下四种情况:
1. 一般用单数形式。如果变复数, 只把被修饰的词(中心词)变为复数。
an apple tree→　　　　　　　　　　　　一棵苹果树→十棵苹果树
2. 当修饰词为man或woman时, man或woman与被修饰词的单复数要一致。
a man doctor→　　　　 　　　　男医生
3. sport/clothes作定语时, 一般用其复数形式。
a 　　　　club一个运动俱乐部
a 　　　　store一家服装店
ten apple trees
men doctors
sports
clothes
4. 基数词-名词(-形容词)构成的复合形容词作定语时, 复合形容词中的名词用单数。
a 　　　　　　　　boy 一个4岁的男孩
4-year-old
考点专练
1. There is going to be a basketball match between 　　　　(man) teachers and 　　　　(boy) students tomorrow morning.
2. 在中国的南方有很多香蕉树。(完成译句)
　________________________________________-__　　　　　
men
boy
There are many banana trees in the south of China.
一、完形填空
Amy did not have any friends and felt sad. All the girls in her 　1　 were paired up with a best friend or in groups, and she always felt left out. She wanted to play on the seesaw(跷跷板), but that is something you need to do with a friend. Also, she liked to swing(荡秋千) and wished someone would push her to get her started.
One day, the 　2　, Mrs. Gibbs, walked up and put her arm around Amy. “What’s the 　3　, Amy Why don’t you play with other children ” she asked kindly.
Amy replied, “Everyone has a 　4　 except me. I don’t have anyone. ” Mrs. Gibbs smiled and said, “Amy, the 　5　 to get a friend is to be a friend. ” Amy asked, “How do I do that ”
Mrs. Gibbs answered, “Look around the 　6　. There are three classes of third-graders out there during this break time. Find someone who is alone and then go to ask her or him to play. ” Amy was afraid she would be refused. She wasn’t sure whether she could do it.
The next day, Amy noticed a dark-haired girl all alone on the playground. She worked up her 　7　 and walked to the girl. “Hi! My name is Amy. Do you want to play with me ”
“Okay, ” the girl said shyly. As they took 　8　 in pushing each other on the swing, Amy found out that the girl’s name was Ming. Her 　9　 had just moved here from Japan and she also needed a friend.
“Do you want to play on the 　10　 ” Amy asked. Ming smiled and nodded. Paired up with each other, they played so happily.
Amy finally had a friend!
1. A. house B. office C. class D. hospital
2. A. doctor B. nurse C. cook D. teacher
3. A. matter B. price C. weather D. thing
4. A. friend B. classmate C. sister D. parent
5. A. plan B. way C. lesson D. reason
6. A. library B. canteen C. classroom D. playground
7. A. interest B. skill C. courage D. attention
8. A. notes B. turns C. orders D. showers
9. A. school B. group C. house D. family
10. A. seesaw B. chair C. swing D. bike
二、语法填空(阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的名词或括号内名词的正确形式。)
A father was worried about his son who was sixteen 1. 　　　　 old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(和尚) to train his boy.
The Buddhist monk said to the 2. 　　　　(boy) father, “Leave your son alone here. I’ll make him a man with much 3. 　　　　(courage) in a month, and a real man in another three 4. 　　　　(month). ”
years
boy’s
courage
months
Time passed quickly. The father returned. The Buddhist monk prepared a 5. 　　　　(match) between his son and a strong boy.
The strong boy hit the son. Some of his 6. 　　　　(tooth) were off, and he fell down. But at once the boy stood up. Several 7. 　　　　(time) later, the Buddhist monk asked, “Which of the 8. 　　　　(child) is brave ”
“What a shame! ” the father said in a low 9. 　　　　, “I never thought he would be so easily knocked down. ”
match
teeth
times
children
voice
“I’m sorry that’s all you see. Don’t you see any more 10. ___________
(different) Each time he fell down, he stood up again instead of crying.
That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have. ”
differences

展开更多......

收起↑