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动词的非谓语形式
专题九
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
专题语篇精练
动词的非谓语形式在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分, 主要包括动词不定式、动名词及分词形式。动词的非谓语形式不能单独作谓语, 但仍保留动词的某些特征。
课标要求掌握三个方面的内容: 动词不定式(作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语), 动词的-ing形式, 动词的-ed形式。
中考高频考点: 动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语, 动名词作宾语等。
考点1　动词不定式
　　动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”, 有时to可以省略。否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。
　　动词不定式仍保留动词的特点, 即可以有自己的宾语和状语, 但没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式及其宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。
功能 用法及例句
作主语 ①表示一种具体的、特定的行为。其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
②当作主语的动词不定式较长时, 通常用it作形式主语, 将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末To learn English well is difficult for him. =It’s difficult for him to learn English well. 学好英语对他来说很困难。
作表语 表示主语的具体内容、目的等His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
作宾语 ①常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有: want, agree, learn, plan, hope, decide, need, offer, volunteer等I want to keep the classroom clean. 我想保持教室干净。
一、动词不定式的句法功能
功能 用法及例句
作宾语 ②在sb. think(s)/find(s)/feel(s)/make(s)+it+adj. +to do sth. 句型中, it作形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式I found it interesting to watch sitcoms. 我发现看情景喜剧很有趣。
作宾语补足语 感官动词(如see, hear, watch, feel等)和使役动词(如let, make, have等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to需省略, 但变为被动语态时需要加上to小口诀: 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(let, make, have)四看(look, watch, see, notice)半帮助(help)We didn’t see him leave. =He wasn’t seen to leave by us. 我们没有看到他离开。
功能 用法及例句
作定语 ①动词不定式作定语时, 常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后, 作后置定语She has a lot of work to do. 她有很多要做的工作。
②动词不定式作定语时, 如果是不及物动词, 后面还需要加上必要的介词I need some paper to write on. 我需要一些写字(用)的纸。
作状语 ①作目的状语(相当于in order to)She went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 她去上海看望她的女儿。
②作原因状语We’re glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
③作结果状语He is too tired to work on. 他太累了, 不能继续工作。
二、“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
用法 例句
动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语 When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet.
什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
I haven’t decided when to leave Beijing.
我还没决定什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)
My question is how to go to Beijing.
我的问题是如何去北京。(作表语)
用法 例句
“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句 Can you tell me where to buy a cup =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup
你能告诉我在哪里能买到杯子吗
三、常见的含有动词不定式的结构或句型
结构/句型 含义 例句
too. . . to. . . 太……而不能…… The boy is too young to look after himself.
这个男孩太小了, 不能照顾自己。
adj. +enough to. . . 足够……去做…… He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学的年龄了。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 She prefers to receive a small but meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.
她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
结构/句型 含义 例句
It’s+adj. +of/for sb. +to do sth. 某人做某事是……的/对某人来说做某事是……的 It’s kind of you to help me with my study.
你能在学习上帮助我真是太好了。
It’s hard for you to carry the machine by yourself. 你自己搬这个机器是困难的。
It takes/took sb. (some)money/time to do sth. 花费某人(一些)金钱/时间做某事　 It took me three hours to finish the task on my own.
独自完成这项任务花费了我三个小时(时间)。
It’s+one’s duty+to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 It’s my duty to look after my little sister.
照顾我的小妹妹是我的责任。
结构/句型 含义 例句
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了 It’s my turn to clean the classroom.
轮到我打扫教室了。
It’s time (for sb. ) to do sth. 到了(某人)做某事的时间了 It’s time (for us) to leave.
到(我们)离开的时间了。
【特别提醒】
(1)在“It+be+adj. (+for/of sb. )+ to do sth. ”句型中:
①句型中的形容词被用于描述事物性质时, 用for sb. , 如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, interesting等。
It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。
②句型中的形容词被用于描述人的性格、品质或感情、态度时, 用of sb. , 如kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish, brave等。
It’s impolite of him to speak to old people like that. 他那样对老人说话是没有礼貌的。
(2)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时, 为避免重复, 可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。
To go to sleep and get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。
考点专练　
1. (2024云南改编)Our headmaster will invite a scientist 　　　　 (give) us a speech on space technology.
2. (2024天津改编)People may use different body language 　　　　 (show) the same feelings.
3. (2024宿迁改编)He often walks in nature because he thinks it is a good way
　　　 　(relax).
4. (2024济宁改编)It is said that Shen Nong was the first 　　　 　(discover) tea as a drink.
to give
to show
to relax
to discover
5. (2024广州)体育老师鼓励他们, 并教他们如何能提高合作跑步的技巧。
Their P. E. teacher encouraged them and taught them_________improve their skills of running together.
6. (2024常州)你认为与同学友好相处容易吗
Do you think 　 　your classmates
how to
it’s easy to get on well with
考点2　动名词
　　动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成, 具有名词和动词的特点, 起名词的作用, 在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语, 其否定形式是直接在动名词的前面加not。
一、动名词的句法功能
功能 用法及示例
作主语 单个动名词位于句首作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
功能 用法及示例
作宾语 She likes speaking English. 她喜欢说英语。(动词的宾语)She is good at speaking English. 她擅长说英语。(介词的宾语)
作表语 动名词作表语表达的是“某件事”, 注意不可与现在进行时混淆; 动名词作表语一般可以转化成动名词作主语
Her job is teaching English in a middle school. =Teaching English in a middle school is her job. 她的工作是在一所中学教英语。
功能 用法及示例
作定语 动名词作定语, 一般只限于单个的动名词作定语, 表明它所修饰的词的用途或性质等, 一般置于被修饰词的前面
reading room阅览室
washing machine 洗衣机　
living room 客厅, 起居室
English-speaking country说英语的国家
二、后接动名词作宾语的常见结构
finish doing sth. 完成某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
【特别提醒】
(1)有一些动词后面既可以接动名词, 也可以接动词不定式, 但是意思有
区别。常见的如下:
(2)若to为动词不定式符号, 后接动词原形; 若to为介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。以下短语中的to为介词:
be used to 习惯于　
hold on to 守住; 保住
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致; 引起; 通向
look forward to 盼望; 期待　
look up to 钦佩; 仰慕
pay attention to 注意
考点专练　　　　 　　　　　　　　　
1. (2024绥化改编)My little brother suggested 　　　　(go) for a walk.
2. (2024自贡改编)To save energy, don’t forget 　　　　(turn) off the light before you leave the room.
3. (2024兴安盟、呼伦贝尔改编)The teachers used to 　　　　(write) key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to 　　　　(show) them through PPTs.
4. (2024西藏改编)I think 　　　　(make) resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives.
going
to turn
write
showing
making
5. (2024宿迁改编)By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in________ 　　　　(find) the shopping mall.
6. (2024包头)Many students have trouble 　　　 　(communicate) with their parents. However, with a little hard work, they can learn to solve this problem.
7. (2024淮安)My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and 　　　　(sing).
8. (2024泰安)My parents are busy 　　　　(准备) for my grandmother’s birthday party now. I’m going to help them.
finding
communicating
singing
preparing
考点3　分词
　　分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成, 过去分词由“动词原形+-ed”构成, 但也有不规则的形式。
　　现在分词有主动、进行之意, 过去分词有被动、完成之意。
功能 用法及示例
作定语 ①现在分词作定语, 表示所修饰名词的用途或该名词正在进行的动作
a swimming pool 一个游泳池　　　　the sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩
②过去分词作定语, 表示与所修饰词之间是被动关系或表示该动作已经完成a broken window 一扇破窗户 the fallen leaves 落叶(已落下)
作表语 ①现在分词表示主语的性质特征
The story is very moving. 这个故事非常感人。
②过去分词表示主语所处的状态
The store is now closed. 商店现在关门了。
一、分词的句法功能
功能 用法及示例
作宾语补足语 I am sorry to keep you waiting so long. 不好意思让你等了那么久。(现在分词, 主动)
She found the village greatly changed.
她发现这个村庄变化很大。(过去分词, 被动)
作状语 分词作状语, 可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等
My father sat on the sofa, reading the newspaper.
我爸爸坐在沙发上看着报纸。(伴随状语)
Seriously injured, she was sent to hospital at once.
由于受伤严重, 她被立刻送往了医院。(原因状语)
二、常见的含有分词的用法或句型
用法/句型 示例
动词的过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系, 表示该动作的被动或者完成 the novel written by Lu Xun
鲁迅写的那篇小说
a singer surrounded by a group of fans
被一群粉丝包围的歌手
a snow-covered city
一座被雪覆盖的城市
用法/句型 示例
主语+have/get sth. done“使……被……” I want to have/get these chairs fixed.
我想把这些椅子修理一下。(椅子被修理)
It be+动词的过去分词+that. . . 句型 It is said that. . . 据说……　 　　　
It is reported that. . . 据报道……
It is hoped that. . . 人们希望……
It is suggested that. . . 有人建议……
It is required that. . . 人们要求……
It is believed that. . . 人们相信……
考点专练
1. (2024绥化改编)The tea 　　　　(make) in China 　　　　(send) to many different countries and places each year.
2. —Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li 　　　　(draw).
3. Today there are already robots 　　　　(work) in the restaurants. They are serving the people.
made
is sent
drawing
working
4. —Do you have any difficulty in 　　　 　(speak) English
—Yes, but I try to make myself 　　 　　(understand).
5. When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, 　　　　(wait) for my favorite songs.
6. 　 　　　(compare) with “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese.
speaking
understood
waiting
Compared
语法填空(阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。)
When May Day comes, it means that people will take several vacation
days. Are you sorry for not 1. 　　　　(travel) during the vacation this year
If you stayed at home, I think you made a good choice. You could enjoy
2. 　　　　(spend) your time at home. Why Because there were a lot of
people in many places of interest in China. They were too crowded for people
3. 　　　　 (have) a good time.
traveling
spending
to have
It was 4. 　　　　(report) that there were over 100, 000 people on Mount
Tai on May 1st this year. You couldn’t take photos for you or your friends. You
even had no place 5. 　　　　(rest). A friend of mine told me he was able
6. 　　　　(see) nothing except lots of people on Mount Tai. “We couldn’t
walk if the people in front of us didn’t walk, ” he said. He showed me a photo
7. 　　　　(take) on Mount Tai. In the photo, I hardly found him, because
there were so many people.
reported
to rest
to see
taken
So some people advise that we should just stay at home 8. 　　　 　(avoid)
too many people. However, other people disagree with them. They think it’s
exciting 9. 　　　　(go) traveling. I love 10. 　　　　(stay) at home more
than traveling. What’s your idea
to avoid
to go
staying

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