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(共43张PPT)
形容词和副词
专题七
目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
专题语篇精练
形容词常用于修饰名词, 表示人与事物的特征。
副词常用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词, 说明事物发生的时间、地点、程度或方式等。
词类 按构成分类 举例 按性质/意义分类 举例
形容词 本身即为adj. red, big, glad. . . 等级形容词: 直接说明人或事物的特征、性质并有等级变化的形容词, 在句中作定语、表语或补足语 It was such a nice day. Her room is cleaner than her sister’s.
加后缀构成adj. cloudy, unbelievable, national, useful, dangerous. . . 合成adj hard-working, well-known, English-speaking. . . 词类 按构成分类 举例 按性质/意义分类 举例
形容词 -ing/-ed型adj. interesting, excited, boring. . . 表语形容词在句中常作表语, 不作定语 My brother is ill.
副词 本身即为adv. here, there, quite, rather. . . 时间/地点/方式/程度副词 ago, home. . .
与adj. 形式相同 fast, enough, early, very. . . 频度副词 sometimes. . .
adj. 词尾加后缀 quickly, heavily, possibly. . . 疑问副词 what, why. . .
课标要求掌握两个方面的内容: 形容词和副词的基本形式以及形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
中考高频考点: 形容词和副词的一般用法及词义辨析, 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。
考点1　形容词的基本用法
功能 位置 示例
作定语 ①通常在名词前 ②在复合不定代词后 ③表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词, 放在相应的计量单位名词后 ④多个形容词修饰一个名词作定语时的排列顺序: 描述性形容词+形状+年龄或新旧+颜色+来源或国籍+材料 a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
something important 一些重要的事
two meters long 两米长
a big round new black French wooden table
一张新的大而圆的黑色法式木桌
功能 位置 示例
作表语 在系动词后 It’s very cold today. 今天非常冷。
作宾语补足语 在keep, make, leave等动词的宾语后 You must keep the classroom clean.
你们必须保持教室干净。
作状语 通常用于句首或句末, 用逗号与其他部分隔开 Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.
又累又饿, 我不得不停下来休息。
【特别提醒】
(1)常用作定语的形容词: only, wooden, man-made, take-away等; 常用作表语的形容词: afraid, alone, alive, awake, asleep, ill, well等。
(2)以-ing或-ed结尾的形容词的区分:
①以-ed结尾的形容词常与表示人的主语连用, 意为“感到……的”, 常在系动词后作表语, 表示人的感受;
②以-ing结尾的形容词常与表示物的主语连用, 意为“令人……的”, 可作定语或表语。
考点2　常见副词的分类及用法
分类 用法及常见词 位置及例句
时间副词 表示时间then, today, ago, recently, now等 通常置于句末, 同时出现时间和地点副词时, 顺序为先地点后时间
I’ll go there tomorrow. 我明天去那里。
He got dressed quickly.
他很快穿好了衣服。
地点副词 表示地点here, there, home, out, inside, outside, back等 方式副词 表示动作的行为方式loudly, quickly, carefully, suddenly等 分类 用法及常见词 位置及例句
频度副词 表示事情发生的频率usually, often, sometimes, never, always, once等 通常置于实义动词前, be动词、助动词及情态动词后(be后实前)
They never watch TV. 他们从不看电视。
程度副词 表示行为、动作或状态的程度very, enough, too, quite, nearly, so, really等 修饰动词时, 和频度副词用法一致。修饰形容词、副词时, 通常置于其前
分类 用法及常见词 位置及例句
程度副词 表示行为、动作或状态的程度very, enough, too, quite, nearly, so, really等 I’m really sorry. 我真的很抱歉。
They work very hard.
他们工作非常努力。
疑问副词(词组) 构成特殊疑问句where, when, why, how, how long, how often, how far, how soon等 通常置于句首
Why do you like pandas
你为什么喜欢熊猫
How often do you watch TV
你多久看一次电视
考点3　形容词、副词的转换
　　副词一般由形容词变化而来, 常见变化规则如下:
构成方法 例词
一般情况 -ly slow→　　　　　　　sad→_______　　　　 quiet→　　　 different→___________　　　
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i, 再加-ly happy→　　　　　　heavy→__________　　　　 easy→　　　 angry→___________　　　
以e结尾 以le结尾的词 去e加-y possible→　　　　　simple→_________　　　　 comfortable→________________　　　
slowly
sadly
quietly
differently
happily
heavily
easily
angrily
possibly
simply
comfortably
构成方法 例词
以e结尾 以ue结尾的词 去e加-ly true→______________　　　
多数以-e结尾的词 直接加-ly wise→　　　　complete→____________　　　　 polite→____________　　　
特殊变化 good→____________　　　
truly
wisely
completely
politely
well
【特别提醒】
有些副词与形容词同形。如: fast, late, early, hard, straight, far等。
考点专练
1. (2024内江改编)She is 　　　　(失明的) because of an illness. She can’t see anything, but she always tries her best to do everything as normal people do.
2. (2024眉山改编)In Journey to the West, the clever and 　　　　(勇敢的) Monkey King is never afraid to fight bad people.
3. (2024云南)I like traveling because I can meet some 　　 　　(interest) people and things along the way.
blind
brave
interesting
4. (2024无锡)Jim has gone to bed This is very 　　　　(usual). He always stays up late.
5. (2024黑龙江龙东地区)—Peter, the music sounds too 　　　　(noise). Please turn it down.
—Sorry, I’ll do it at once.
6. (2024西藏)Everyone should play a part in protecting 　 　　　(danger) wild animals.
7. (2024临夏)Tony doesn’t like sports and he does exercise only 　　　　(one) a week.
unusual
noisy
endangered
once
8. (2024宿迁)No matter where you are, you should keep yourself 　　　　(not in danger) first. (根据英文解释填空)
9. 诗使我的精神富有。
Poems 　　　　my spirit 　　　　.
10. (2024贵州) 贵州村BA精彩纷呈, 吸引大量国内外游客。
CunBA in Guizhou is 　　　　　　　　and it attracts many tourists from home and abroad.
safe
make
rich
so wonderful
考点4　形容词、副词的等级
　　大多数形容词和副词有三个等级: 1. 原级, 即原形; 2. 比较级, 表示“较……”或“更……”; 3. 最高级, 表示“最……”。
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词　 一般在词尾加-er或-est slow fast slower faster slowest
fastest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词　 以不发音的字母e结尾的词, 在词尾加-r或-st large fine late larger finer later largestf
inest
latest
以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词, 先双写该辅音字母, 再加-er或-est big fat hot thin bigger fatter hotter thinner biggest
fattest
hottest
thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 先变y为i, 再加-er或-est easy happy early funny easier happier earlier funnier easiest
happiest
earliest
funniest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful comfortably more beautiful more comfortably most beautiful
most comfortably
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther较远 further进一步 farthest最远
furthest最大程度
二、形容词、副词原级的常见用法
结构及用法 例句
as+原级+as表示两者在某一方面相同 She is as tall as her mother.
她和她的妈妈一样高。
not as/so+原级+as表示一方在某一方面不及另一方 The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Beijing.
这儿的天气不如北京热。
三、形容词、副词比较级的常见用法
结构及用法 例句
比较级+than两者比较, 表示一方超过另一方, 意为“……比……” He works much harder than me.
他工作比我努力得多。
less+原级+than被称为“降级比较”两者比较, 表示一方不及另一方, 意为“不如……” He thinks English is less important than Chinese.
他认为英语不如汉语重要。
结构及用法 例句
比较级+and+比较级不与其他事物相比, 表示自身程度的改变, 意为“越来越……” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
the+比较级, the+比较级表示一方随另一方而变化, 意为“越……, 越……” The more, the better. 多多益善。
the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数意为“两者中较……的一个” John is the cleverer of the two boys.
约翰是两个男孩中较聪明的那一个。
Which/Who+谓语动词+比较级, A or B 意为“两者比较, 哪个(人)更……” Who runs faster, Tom or Jack
谁跑得更快, 汤姆还是杰克
【特别提醒】
(1)常见的可用来修饰比较级的词和短语: much, even, still, far, any, a little, a lot, a bit等。(小口诀: 多多少少甚至还相当远)It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。My apple is a little bigger than yours. 我的苹果比你的大一点。
(2)very, so, quite等词常用于修饰原级, 不能修饰比较级。(3)倍数的表达方式:
①A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+BOur school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。
②A+be+倍数+比较级+than+BThe box is twice bigger than that one. 这个箱子比那个大两倍。
③A+be+倍数+the size/length/amount. . . +of+BThe earth is about 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积大约是月球的49倍。
四、形容词、副词最高级的常见用法
结构及用法 例句
the+最高级+范围(in/of短语)表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较, 意为“最……” I think spring is the best season of the year.
我认为春天是一年中最好的季节。
结构及用法 例句
the+序数词+形容词最高级意为“第几最……” Mike is the second tallest boy in his class.
迈克是他们班上第二高的男孩。
one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数意为“最……的……之一” He is one of the best basketball players in the team.
他是队里最好的篮球运动员之一。
Which/Who+谓语动词+最高级, A, B or C 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择 Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Jim
谁最高, 汤姆, 杰克还是吉姆
【特别提醒】
(1)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 副词最高级前的the可以省去。
Kate is the youngest in her class. 凯特是她班上年龄最小的。
Jenny sings (the) most beautifully of the three. 珍妮是三人之中唱得最动听的。
(2)形容词最高级前可以有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰, 但此时不能有定冠词the。
He is my tallest friend. 他是我最高的朋友。
(3)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
①比较级+any other+可数名词单数
Tom is taller than any other student in his class. 汤姆比他班上其他任何学生都高。
②比较级+than+(all) the other+可数名词复数
Lucy is taller than (all) the other girls in her class. 露西比她班上所有其他的女孩都高。
③比较级+than+anyone/anything else
Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class. 杰克比他班上其他的学生学习都刻苦。
考点专练
1. (2024成都改编)I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is 　　　　environmentally friendly.
A. much B. more C. most D. least
2. (2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)Li Lei is the 　　　　of the three boys. He always helps us.
A. friendly B. more friendly C. most friendly D. least friendly
3. (2024达州改编)The 　　　　you are, the 　　　　mistakes you’ll make.
A. more careful; more B. less careful; fewer
C. more careful; fewer D. less careful; many
4. (2024南通)—I really like yesterday’s dragon boat race. What about you
—Me too. It’s 　　　　one I have ever seen.
A. a more boring B. a more wonderful
C. the most boring D. the most wonderful
5. (2024北京)What a lovely reading room! It’s one of 　　　　in our school.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
6. (2024江西)—Look! The lake is clean. I never throw litter into it.
—If everyone does this, it would be 　　　　.
A. dirtier B. the dirtiest C. cleaner D. the cleanest
7. (2024河北)Jianshe Road is the 　　　　road in our city, especially around 8: 00 a. m.
A. busier B. busiest C. wider D. widest
8. (2024无锡)—How are you feeling today, young man
—Much 　　　　. The medicine works. Thank you, Doctor.
A. best B. better C. worst D. worse
9. (2024云南)—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies
—I like action movies 　　　　.
A. well B. better C. the better D. the best
10. (2024东营)Today AI technology is developing 　　　　we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.
A. much faster than B. as fast as
C. more slowly than D. as slowly as
11. (2024白银、平凉、武威)Actions speak 　　　　(loud) than words.
louder
12. (2024自贡改编)—Who got the first prize in this competition
—Of course Tom did. He worked 　　　　(hard) among us.
13. (2024临夏)Qinghai Lake is 　　　　(large) than any other salt lake in China.
14. (2024贵州)长江是亚洲最长的河流。
The Yangtze River is 　　　　　　　river in Asia.
15. (2024枣庄)中国拥有5 000多年的历史和文化。
China has 　　　　　　　　5, 000 years’ history and culture.
hardest
larger
the longest
more than
一、完形填空
　　“What’s the matter, Mom ” As soon as I enter the door, I find that my mother looks 　1　 in the kitchen. It’s unusual because she 　2　 opens the door and welcomes me with a smile!
“She’s dying, ” Mom says 　3　. I know what she says. The tulip(郁金香), my mother’s favorite, is dying.
A month ago, we moved into our new house and Mom bought a very 　4　 tulip. Mom liked it very much. Whenever she was free, she would sit in her armchair beside the tulip and enjoy its beautiful color and inviting(诱人的) smell.
She treated it like a baby and looked after it 　5　. She put the tulip by the window and moved it from one place to another to give the tulip 　6　 sunshine. The first thing she did when she got up every morning was to water the tulip. Mom 　7　 fertilized(施肥) it many times. She hoped the tulip would become more and more beautiful and 　8　. But now the tulip is dying because of 　9　 sunshine, water and fertilizer.
It’s true that my mother loves the tulip. But this kind of love can be 　10　. Love can sometimes kill what you love.
1. A. happy B. unhappy C. pleased D. surprised
2. A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually
3. A. suddenly B. angrily C. sadly D. excitedly
4. A. beautiful B. ugly C. small D. strange
5. A. happily B. brightly C. carefully D. really
6. A. empty B. enough C. fresh D. hot
7. A. also B. too C. either D. never
8. A. louder B. stronger C. sweeter D. thinner
9. A. too much B. too many C. a little D. a few
10. A. helpful B. successful C. useful D. harmful
二、语法填空(阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。)
　　Two teachers were sitting in the teachers’ room. For a moment they kept
1. 　　　　(silence). Then one of them, Miss Smith said, “I’m afraid I’d have
to fail him! ”
“Now Alice, ” said her friend, Mrs. Jackson, “is he so 2. 　　　　(terribly) a
student ”
“That’s just the trouble! ” the other woman answered. “Tom was ever my
3. 　　　　(good) student. The problem is that he is so 4. 　　　　(lazy) that
he never gets his work done. He hasn’t handed me a piece of homework for three
weeks. ”
silent
terrible
best
lazy
Mrs. Jackson had never seen Miss Smith look so 5. 　　　　(worry) before. “Have you had a word with him about it ” she asked.
“Why should I He knows he has to get ready for his lessons and do his homework. I made that very 6. 　　　　(clearly) on the first day of class. I don’t
know what happened. When the lessons started he did so
7. 　　　　(good) that I even thought about asking the school to give him a
scholarship(奖学金). But he has changed. He even fell 8. 　　　　(sleep) in
class! I’ve never seen such a change in a student. ”
worried
clear
well
asleep
“You should have a talk with him. Give him a chance to tell his idea, ” said
Mrs. Jackson.
Miss Smith spoke to Tom and learned all about it. He was studying all day
and working most of the night in a factory to pay for his schooling. Of course he
was 9. 　　　　(tiring) and sometimes could hardly keep awake in class. Miss
Smith soon made the school give Tom a scholarship and he was able to work
hard at his lessons. Tom is even 10. 　　　 　(hard-working)
than before.
tired
more hard-working

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