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高考语法专题复习介词和常考介词搭配
考点1　介词的基本用法
一、with/without复合结构
“with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词”在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.
他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定。
二、at,in,on表示“时间”
1.at表示某一时刻
at 12:00(在12点),at noon(在中午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明/破晓),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黄昏)。
2.in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980’s/1980s(在20世纪80年代),in the Qing Dynasty(在清朝),in October(在十月份),in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)。
3.on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st(在10月1日),on a rainy day(在一个下雨天),on National Day(在国庆节),on the morning of July 3rd(在7月3日上午)。
三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1.不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不加冠词。如by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air等。
2.涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词须用单数形式,前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。
3.步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot,on horseback,on a horse,on a camel等。
4.with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
We do not see nature with our eyes,but with our understandings and our hearts.
我们不是用眼睛看大自然,而是用我们的理解和心灵看大自然。
5.by,in,on,over,through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand,in English,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。
四、“of+抽象名词”的用法
1.of+great/much+抽象名词=very+抽象名词的形容词形式
2.of+no+抽象名词=not+抽象名词的形容词形式
All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.
=All our persuasion was not useful;she would not come.
我们所有的劝说都没有用;她不会来的。
五、介词but的固定搭配
have nothing to do but do...除了做……外,无事可做
have no choice but to do...别无选择只得做……
can’t help but do...不得不做……
can’t but do...不得不/只能做……
can’t choose but do...别无选择只得做……
but for...要不是……
I have no choice but to do as he tells me.
我别无选择,只能照他说的做。
It rained hard,so they couldn’t choose but stay at home.
雨下得很大,所以他们别无选择,只得待在家里。
六、名词key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与介词to构成固定搭配
We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
我们有一种非常注重交际的语言教学方法。
We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
我们必须找到一个令人满意的方法来解决这个问题。
七、介词by的用法
1.by+地点名词:表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。
I can find two tables by the window for you.
我可以给你找两张靠窗的桌子。
2.by+时间名词:意为“到……时(已发生某事);最晚,不迟于……,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。
Can you have your report ready for the press by next week
你能在下周之前把你的报告准备好给媒体吗
小题快练　单句语法填空
①(This diversity can be observed at the annual Weifang International Kite Festival,which has been held 　　　　　the third Saturday of every April since 1984.
②Weifang has a long history of kite-making,　　　　　　 some records suggesting the first wooden kite was invented there during the Spring and Autumn period more than 2,000 years ago.
③ “We have to find a sustainable food source　　　　　　long-term space explorations,” Zheng said.
④It was a custom for people to hang peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival;nowadays,couplets are used________a similar way.
on
with
for
in
考点2　介词的习惯搭配
一、与形容词构成的搭配
1.be+adj.+about
be anxious about对……忧虑
be curious about对……好奇
2.be+adj.+at
be angry at因……生气
be good at擅长
3.be+adj.+in
be absorbed in专注于……
be active in活跃于……
be dressed in穿着……
be engaged in忙于……
4.be+adj.+for
be eager for渴望……
be famous for因……著名
be fit for适合,胜任……
be ready for准备好……
5.be+adj.+from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
6.be+adj.+to
be close to接近……
be devoted to致力于……
be equal to等同于……
be familiar to为……所熟悉
7.be+adj.+of
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
8.be+adj.+with
be busy with忙于……
be familiar with对……熟悉
be patient with对……有耐心
二、与名词构成的搭配
1.at+n.
at a loss不知所措
at peace处于和平中
at war在战争中
at work在工作
2.on+n.
on exhibition/show在展出
on fire着火
on sale出售,打折
on the way在途中
3.by+n.
by accident偶然
by air/plane乘飞机
by chance偶然
by design故意
4.in+n.
in cash用现金付款
in depth在深度上
in detail详细地
in height在高度上
5.of+n.
of benefit有益处的
of use有用的
6.out of+n.
out of balance失去平衡
out of breath上气不接下气
7.with+n.
with delight/joy高兴地
with difficulty困难地
小题快练　单句语法填空
①Aimed 　　　　　　　“bringing life to the national treasures”,scientific and technological innovations have been integrated with cultural conservation in the past few years.
②Guests must bring foods that appeal 　　　　　　both bears and humans,such as salmon patties and honey butter.
at
to
③The event aims to express support 　　　international Chinese education,and to reveal the charm of Chinese language and culture, while enhancing the cooperation between the Chinese and foreign education partners to eventually build a bright future together.
④She fell in love with a respected doctor,Xu Xian,　　　 　 first sight when they met on a rainy day on the Broken Bridge.
for
at
感悟高考
单句语法填空
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands 　　　　　a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path...
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 　　　　　　Romeo and Juliet.
3.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)There,you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed______ 　　　　hand rather than rolled.
as
to
by
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English 　　　　　　
5.(2023全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong
　　　　　　royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
6.(2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility______ 　 saving their environment.
7.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history 　　　　　the capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events.
to/with
to
for
as
thank you ！

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