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主谓一致
Subject-predicate agreement
1.主谓一致的三原则
语法一致原则
1
2
3
意义一致原则
就近原则
语法一致原则
1
例
They _______ (be)students.
His father ______(be) a doctor.
The number of errors _______(was/were) surprising.
We _______(love/loves) our motherland.
The girl _____(have/has) found her mother.
一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
are
is
was
love
has
意义一致原则
2
例
Twenty dollars _____(be) too dear.
His family _____(be) watching TV.
The crowd _______(was/were) fighting for their lives.
Three years in a strange land _____(seem/seems) like a long time.
主语形式为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；主语形式为复数，但意义上视为单数，谓语动词采取单数形式。
is
are
were
seems
就近原则
3
例
Either you or I _____(be) going to work there.
Not only his children but also he himself _______(want/wants) to go there.
No one except his own supporters ________(agree/agrees) with him.
Neither you nor your brother ______(have/has) passed the exam.
谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。
am
wants
agree
has
2.主谓一致的
特殊情况
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
either…or
neither…nor
or
not only…but (also)
两个作主语用的名词或代词由以上词连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数一致。
1.Either he or I am wrong.
2.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
3.Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room,
4.Not only the students but (also) the teacher is active in sports and games.
1
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
例
Nobody but us knows it.
除我们之外，再没有人知道此事。
主语为单数
It’s a secret.
主语是单数而后面跟有but, rather than, as well as, with, together with, like, along with, no less than, as much as, including, in addition to, besides, but, except等引起的短语时，谓语仍用单数。
填空
1.I, rather than you, ________(be) to blame.
2.She as well as the other students __________(have/has) learned how to type.
3.Our school, with some other schools, ________(was/were) built in the 1950s.
4.A professor, together with some students, ________(was/were) moved into a new laboratory.
am
has
was
was
单项选择
The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _____ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest
B. suggests
C. suggested
D. suggesting
B
句意：这么多的人还在公共场所抽烟的事实，表明我们需要进行提高对吸烟危害意识的全国战役。
解析：空格处应该为谓语动词，再根据句意得知这是个客观性陈述，所以用一般现在时。主语是the fact,单数第三人称，所以正确答案为B。
单项选择
One-third of the country ______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A. is;are
B. is;is
C. are;are
D. are;is
A
句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，大多数居民是黑人。
解析：当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。根据结构可知，正确答案为A。
单项选择
It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.
A.are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
D
句意：据报道，目前灾区有很多新房正在建设中。
解析：many a+单数可数名词，表示“许多”，但是谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。正确答案为D。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
3
each, either, neither或由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has read the book.
Either of the stories is interesting.
Neither of them is interested in English.
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate of the school.
Nobody wants to go there.
Everything goes very well.
单项选择
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
D
句意：工厂用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来作其他的用途。
解析：由主句可知时态是一般过去时。The rest of which中的which指代的是复数名词materials，所以谓语动词用复数。正确答案为D。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
4
表示数目、时间、金额、距离、路程、书名、国名、报刊名称等的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.
Ten dollars is too cheap for this pair of shoes.
Two hundred miles is a long distance.
The United States is a developed country.
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper published in New York City.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
5
作主语的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词可用单数；若就其中各个成员来考虑，谓语动词则用复数。
例
The committee was made up of 10 members.
The committee were in the hall.
My family has moved into the new house.
My family enjoy sports and games.
强调整体
强调各个成员
强调整体
强调各个成员
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
6
一个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数；如果表示同一概念，谓语动词要用单数。后一种情况只在第一个名词前加修饰语。
例
The singer and the dancer come from Guangxi.
The singer and dancer comes from Guangxi.
The tenth and the last chapter are difficult to understand.
The tenth and last chapter is difficult to understand.
两个人
同一个人
两章
同一章
单项选择
A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
A
句意：一个诗人兼艺术家明天下午将来给我们讲中国文字和绘画。
解析：此题考查and连接两个名词指一个人，谓语动词用单数的用法。从句中只有一个不定冠词a得知是一个人，并非两个人，又因时间状语为将来时，所以正确答案为A。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
7
none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。none of短语作主语时，如果of之后为复数概念，则谓语动词用单数或复数都可以；如果of之后为单数概念，则谓语动词用单数。
例
None knows/know a great deal about this experiment.
None has/have been found.
None of the apples is/are good.
None of the apple is good.
None of the milk is fresh.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
8
代词what, who, which, any, all, most, more等作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数主要由它们所代替的名词的数决定。
例
What is wrong with you
What are the names of them
He who laughs the last laughs the best.
All that glitters is not gold.
All of the students have seen the film.
All of his spare time was spent in reading.
Most of her money is spent on clothes.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
9
people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数。
例
The cattle are grazing near the river.
The people in the city are very friendly.
The police are searching for the murderer.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
0
不定代词each, every, no所修饰的单数可数名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数。
例
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.
Every man and woman attends the meeting.
No boy and no girl likes him in his class.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
1
more than one, many a 短语作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数。
例
More than one students has tried.
Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
2
“there be+并列主语” 和 “here be+并列主语”结构中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。
例
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are some books and a pen on the desk.
At that time there was only a teacher and a student in the room.
Here is a letter and a book for you.
单项选择
Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _____ any end to their influence on man’s lives.
A. there is
B. there are
C. is there
D. are there
C
句意：做好书无止境，它们对人类生活的影响也是无止境的。
解析：neither位于句首，句子应进行部分倒装。There be的主语是any end。前半句的正常语序是：There is no end of the making of good books.正确答案为C。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
3
“the+形容词/过去分词”这一表示一类人的结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。这种结构表示物时，谓语动词用单数。
例
The young are required to respect the old.
The old are taken good care of in our country.
The good in him outweighs the bad.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
4
在”one of+复数名词+who/that/which定语从句”中，当关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词与靠近的复数名词的数一致而不是与one一致，从句的动词用复数。但是当one之前有the (only)修饰，从句的动词用单数。
例
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
5
分数、百分数作主语，谓语常与其后of短语的数一致。of后表示复数概念，谓语用复数；of后表示单数概念，谓语用单数。
例
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
Sixty percent of his money was spent on books.
单项选择
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _______.
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to repair
A
句意：严重的洪灾的结果是这个地区三分之二的建筑物需要修缮。
解析：分数修饰名词或代词时，谓语动词的数的形式与其后的名词或代词一致，又因为need doing= need to be done,表示“某事需要被做”，主语是某物。正确答案为A。
单项选择
______ of the land in the district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
C
句意：这个地区五分之二的地区覆盖着树和草。
解析：分数、百分数作主语，谓语动词应与of后的名词或代词一致，本题应与land一致。正确答案为C。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
6
单个的不定式短语、动词-ing形式短语、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数；但并列的此类结构作主语，谓语用复数。
例
To see is to believe.
Raising pigs is her job.
Whether he will come or not is still a question.
Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important in learning English.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
7
glasses, trousers, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, compasses, scissors等作主语，谓语用复数。但如果名词前带有kind of, piece of, pair of, sort of, type of等修饰时，谓语视king, piece, pair, sort, type等的数来定。
例
His trousers are worn out.
A pair of shoes was in the box.
There are two pieces of paper on the floor.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
8
“this kind of book = a book of this kind （这种书）”作主语，谓语用单数。 “this kind of men (这种人)”作主语，谓语用单数。”these kind of men = men of this kind这种人”作主语，谓语用复数。all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数。
例
This kind of book is of great value.
These kind of books are very expensive.
This kind of men is dangerous.
These kind of men are dangerous.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
1
9
part of短语作主语，谓语跟of后面的名词的数一致。of后为复数概念，谓语用复数；of后为单数概念，谓语用单数。parts of短语作主语，谓语用复数。
例
Part of the books have arrived in this afternoon.
Part of his money was spent on smoking.
Parts of the book are interesting.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
0
population作主语，如指人口数，谓语用单数；如指成员等，谓语通常用复数。“分数或百分数+of the population”短语作主语，谓语用复数。
例
The population of the village is 538.
One third of the population here are workers.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
1
“the Olympic Games(奥运会)” “ the Asian Games (亚运会)”作主语，谓语用复数。
例
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
2
few, a few, few of, a few of, both, both of, both…and, many, scores of, dozens of, a great many, a good many等结构通常修饰复数名词或代词，它们作主语，谓语用复数动词。
例
Few of them have passed the exam.
Dozens of rabbits were potted by them.
A good many students have tried.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
3
little, a bit of, a little, much, a good/great deal of, an amount of等通常修饰不可数名词，它们作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例
Much homework has to be done this afternoon.
A great deal of money was wasted on the project.
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
4
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, heaps of, masses of, a mass of, a large/small quantity of等短语作主语，谓语视of后的而定。of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数；of后接可数名词复数，谓语用复数。
例
A mass of work remains to be done.
A lot of problems were settled at the meeting yesterday.
单项选择
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ____ pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large amount of
B
句意：那些年轻的舞蹈演员穿着漂亮的衣服看起来如此迷人，我们给她们拍了大量的照片。
解析：masses of= a mass of “大量的；许多的”其后既可接复数名词又可接不可数名词。A项改成many才对；C项the number of是”……的数目”，不合题意；D修饰不可数名词。正确答案为B，容易误选C。
2.主谓一致的特殊情况
2
5
表示数量的number, amount, quantity等的主谓一致情况见下表：
“the number of + 名词”作主语
“a number of + 名词”作主语
“the amount of + 不可数名词”作主语
“a quantity of + 复数名词”作主语
“a quantity of + 不可数名词”作主语
“quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词”作主语
“the quantity of+复数名词或不可数名词”作主语
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
谓语用____数
单
复
单
复
单
复
单
填空
The number of students in our school _____(be) 4380.
A number of students _____(like/likes) playing football.
Quantities of tea _____(was/were) sold last month.
is
like
were
单项选择
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
D
句意：由于更多的森林正在被毁坏，大量好的土壤每年都在被冲走。
解析：在含有“a quantity of+主语”和”quantities of+名词结构”中，谓语动词的形式与quantity一致。正确答案为D。
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