资源简介

(共40张PPT)
名词性从句
noun clause
主语从句
subject clause
宾语从句
object clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句
What I want to do is taking a bath.
The news that they won the game spread the whole school.
I don’t think he is an honest boy.
The fact is that he stole the car.
Do you know the fact that he stole the car
Do you know the man who is standing over there
It is said that they won the game.
(主从)
(同位语从句)
(宾从)
(表从)
(同位语从句)
(定从)
(主从)
引导名词性从句的连接词：
that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）
whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）
as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether; 代词：who, what ,which;副词：when ,where, how, why等.
1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.
(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)
2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.
(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
主语从句
1.It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句
It is necessary / important/ obvious that…
2.It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句
It is believed that… 人们相信…
It is known to us all that …. 众所周知…
It has been decided that…… 已经决定……
3.It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that…… 事实是……
4.It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句
It appears that… 似乎…
It happens that …. 碰巧…
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
主语从句中的“主谓一致”：
1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.
That they will come _______certain.
2. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.
What he wants ______these books.
What he wants ______some water.
注意
is
are
is
1_________　in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海)
A. What is required B .What requires
C It is required D. It requires
2. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京)
A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is
3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海)
A .where B .what C .that D. how
Exercises
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的
名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1.She did not know what had happened.
2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
宾语从句
(作动词的宾语)
(作介词的宾语)
(作形容词的宾语)
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
　由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。　　
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。
　　
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 　　
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test 　　
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 　　
I wonder whether he will come or not.
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay
宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe,
expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含
有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句
谓语用肯定式。例如：
He told me that he ____________ his job.
(已经完成了工作)
时态呼应
否定转移
我认为他不会来这里.
I think he won’t come here. ( )
I don’t think he will come here. ( )
had finished
注意
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：
I know (that) he studies English every day.
I know (that) he studied English last term.
I know (that) he will study English next year. 　　
I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.
　　
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
宾语从句中用it作形式宾语
We think it our duty that we should help others.
注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。
我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.
I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.
Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：
1.I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full．
A. it B. that C. these D. them
2. I feel ____ strange that he should be so careless.
A. / B. it C. that D. how
3. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A．while B. that C．if D．for
4 Will you see to ____ that the luggage is brought back
A. we B. yourself C. it D. them
A
B
B
C
在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样
表语从句
1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.
2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.
3.天看起来要下雨了.
The problem is_________________________________
This is____________________________.
It looks____________________________.
that we have lost touch with him.
how Henry solved the problem.
as if it is going to rain.
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that(不能省)；少数情况下也可用连接副词等.
1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.
2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.
3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
同位语从句
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
Exercises
1.Doris’ success lies in the fact ________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季)
A. which B. that C. when D. why
2.Do you have any idea_______ is actually going on in the classroom
(2005辽宁)
A. that B. what c. as D. which
3. There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is– not ever.(2002上海)
A. that B. which c. of which D. what
4.Information has been put forward_______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
(1) They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D. how can they
(2) Can you make sure _____ the gold ring
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _____.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
B
C
I.语序问题
考点归纳
D
归纳
在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用________的语序。
陈述
II.用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you
whether/if
whether
whether
whether
Whether
If
a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用________，不能用if ；
b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用___________.
归纳
whether
whether
III. that 与whether / if 的选择：
(1) _____ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.
What B. Where C. If D. That
(2) It makes no difference _____ our sports meet will be held
this week or next week.
A. that B. either C. whether D. when
(3) I doubt _____________ he will come soon.
(4) I do not doubt _____________ he will come soon.
(5) Do you doubt ____________ he will come soon
D
C
whether / if
that
that
表示是否时用__________,表示肯定时用_______
归纳
whether /if
that
1._________ I can’t understand is why he has
changed his mind.
2.___________ the earth is round is known to us all.
3. ______ he won the race was ______ we expected.
that:
what:
_______只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义
_______起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，
表示“所……的”。
That
What
That
what
归纳
Ⅳ. that， what引导名词性从句的区别
Ⅴ. what & whatever
who & whoever
which & whichever
引导名词性从句的区别
1.___________ is worth doing is worth doing well.
2. __________we need is more time.
3.___________ made the long distance call to him is
not important.
4.___________ breaks the law will be punished.
Whatever
What
Who
Whoever
___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而
____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。
Whoever,whatever
Who, what
1. It's generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he
or she wants.
which B. that C. whatever D. all what
2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _______ I
can to save them.
which B. that C. whatever D. all what
3. _____ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.
Anyone B. Anyone who C. Those who D. Those
B
C
C
Exercises
Ⅵ. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：
He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
表示建议, 请求, 命令, 要求,坚持等的名词性从句中
谓语动词用虚拟语气.
归纳
2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇, 不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,
谓语动词用虚拟语气( should ) + do,常用句型有
1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc)
…… that……
2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,)
……that……
e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.
试区分以下句子
Do you know the fact that he stole the car
Do you know the fact that they were talking about
注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。
2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。
(同从)
(定从)
拓展
1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
2.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
3.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because
C. why ; that D. that; because
C
C
D
Consolidation:
4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how
C. That; why D. What; because
5. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether
C. If D. Even if
6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
D
A
B
7. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon
B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon
D. his coming soon
8. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke
C. He broke D. His break
B
A
9.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A. how B. that C. when D. what
10.--- Can I help you
--- Yes, do you know ____
A. when comes the bus
B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come
D. when the bus comes
A
D
11. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if
C. what D. that if
12. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that
C. what; when D. which; what
A
D
13.I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full．
A. it B. That C. these D. them
14. I feel ____ strange that he should be so careless.
A. / B. it C. that D. how
15. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.（MET92）
A．while B. that C．if D．for
A
B
B

展开更多......

收起↑