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(共21张PPT)
高考语法专题复习七
情态动词和虚拟语气
考点1　情态动词
一、情态动词的类型
1.只作情态动词的有must,can/could,may/might,ought to
2.既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need,dare
3.既可作情态动词也可作助动词的有shall/should,will/would
4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有have/has/had to,used to
二、常考情态动词的基本用法
1.can:表示能力，一般意为“能、会”；表示许可
2. could:can的过去式，意为“能，会”,表示过去的能力；在疑向句中表示委婉请求的语气，此时could不表示过去。
3.may:表示请求、许可;表示希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”，通常是用“may+主语+动词原形”。
4.must:表示主观看法，意为“必须”;must开头的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为“need’t"或“dom't have to”。否定形式为mustn’t,表示“禁业，不许”;可以表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句；must have dome sth表示对过去时间里发生过的事情的肯定的推测。语气较强，意为“过去一定做过某事”
二、常考情态动词的基本用法
5.need:表示需要，主要用于否定何和疑问句中;否定形式为meed not,意为“不必”;用meed提问时，肯定回答为must。否定回答为“need not或“don’t have to°;还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数不时态的变化。
6.dare:作情态动词，多用于否定何、疑阿何或条件句中;作实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
7.shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称的疑问句中);用于第二、三人称的陈述句中时带有警告、命令、要求、允诺等感彩。
8.should意为“应该”,也可表示功告、建议、义务、责任等;表示推测的可能性比较大,表示有依据或有前提的推测,仅比must的可能性小一点，意为“按说应该”,should/ought to have done sh表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做否定何表示 不该做某事而做了
二、常考情态动词的基本用法
9.should:意为“应该”。也可表示功告、建议、义务、责任等。will表示意愿、意志、打算。可用于多种人称。
10.can/could:表示推测。意为可能”;常用于否定句和疑问何中。此时can’t意为“不可能”,could表示推测时语气此can弱;can/could have done表示推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。
11.might/may:表示推测。谈论可能性,意为“可能。或许”;一般用于肯定句中，might表示推测时不是may的过去式，只是表示其可能性较小。may/might have dome sth”表示推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。
三、谓语中含有情态动词的时态和被动语态
四、情态动词的特殊用法
(1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。
(2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
(3)must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。
(4)may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。
(5)would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯,现在已不复存在。
(6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①Passengers 　　　　　　talk to the driver while the bus is moving,because it will take his focus off the road.
②Although passing the driving test 　　　　　　be difficult now,it’s worth the efforts.
③Why are you here It’s class time and you 　　　　　　be in the classroom now.
④It is raining heavily outside.You 　　　　　as well stay here for the night.
⑤Their answers are exactly the same—one of them 　　　　　have copied from the other.
⑥When the old couple lived in Chongqing,they 　　　　　　take a walk in a nearby park on a fine afternoon.
mustn’t
can
should
may/might
must
would
考点2　虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
类型 从句中谓语动词形式 主句中谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+
have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 should/were to+动词原形;动词的过去式 should/would/could/might+动词原形
①If there were no air,we couldn’t live.
如果没有空气,我们就不能存活。
②If there had been no air in the tube,the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.
如果管子里没有空气,实验的结果就会更精确。
③If he were to come tomorrow,things would be easier.
如果他明天来,事情就容易多了。
2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种条件
(1)在“It is+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity+that...”句型中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It’s vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.
重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
(2)在would rather (that)后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时;如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。
I’d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
要是他前天和我去海边就好了。
(3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时,该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
(4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
·对现在的虚拟:过去式(be的过去式用were)
·对过去的虚拟:had+过去分词
·对将来的虚拟:would/could/might+动词原形
①I wish (that) I were ten years younger.
我希望我能年轻十岁。
②I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
我希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。
3.三个特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had+过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had+过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
It is (high) time that... 从句中谓语动词用过去式 ①If only I had seen the film.
要是我看过那部电影就好了。
②It is high time that we started out.
我们该出发了。
③He messed the project up,but he behaved as if nothing had happened.
他把计划搞砸了,但他表现得若无其事。
4.含蓄虚拟条件句——重难突破
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用but for,without等介词(短语)来表示。
We wouldn’t have finished the project on time without your timely help.
如果没有你的及时帮助,我们就不能按时完成那项工程。
(2)用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
I’m really very busy,or/otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
She would have come to see you but that she was ill that day.
要是那天她没生病,她就来看你了。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I ______________　　　　　　　　(go) there with them.
②I wish he 　　　　　　　　　(tell) me the truth last week.
③I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class.If only I　　　　　　　　　　(complete) my homework last night!
④He talks about the creatures of the Amazon rainforest as if he
　　　　　　　　(explore) there before.
⑤Her advice is that good study habits 　　　　　　　　　　　　(form) in one’s childhood.
⑥It’s high time that we 　　　　　(apply) ourselves to the task of protecting our environment.
would have gone
had told
had completed
had explored
(should) be formed
applied
感悟高考
单句语法填空
1.(2024全国甲卷)What should 　　　　　　　　(do) with such a beautiful place
2.(2024浙江1月卷) However,though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes____________(offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still________________ 　　　　　　　　　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
be done
be offered
be employed
4.(2021天津3月卷)It used to be that you 　　　　　　drive for miles here without seeing another person,but now there are houses and people everywhere.
5.(2020天津卷)Jim says we 　　　　　　stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
6.(2019江苏卷)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we
　　　　　　　　　　　　(have) a good time together.
could
can
would have had
thank you ！

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