资源简介

(共49张PPT)
English Basic
Tenses and voice
(时态和语态)
02
01
易混时态的辨析
基本结构及用法
目录
CONTENTS
语态的问题解析
03
他昨天来了.
他已经来了.
他明天来.
汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
He came yesterday.
He has come.
He will come tomorrow.
How is your daily life as a high school student
(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词,
注意动词形式变化)
一. 一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite )
1.结构(do/does)
　　主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.
He plays football every day.
We play football every day.
I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.
2. 用法:
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often/ usually, every…, sometimes, once/twice(a week/…), on Sunday。
2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。
The earth moves around the sun.
3) 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生或按照时间表进行的事情, 用一般现在时表示将来, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与表将来的时间状语连用．如：
　The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.
　
The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.
4）在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以 if, unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：
Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话)
If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
How did you spend your childhood
(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
Example:
I _______ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always ________(play) football and basketball together and we _______ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _______ (be) happy at that time.
spent
played
didn’t
were
二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )
1.结构: (did)谓动用动词过去式
2.用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago,
in 1982等。
eg: He took part in an important meeting last week.
犹如
picture
What will you do first after the epidemic(流行病)
I will go out to breathe the fresh air.
I’m going to…
三. 一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense )
结构：will / shall +动词原形
be going to +动词原形
be to+动词原形
be about to+动词原形
2.用法：表示将来某一时段的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来时间和时间状语连用。如：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day , soon,
someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等
eg: I will graduate from this school soon.
(shall用于第一人称,will用于所有人称)
3.各种不同结构的用法区别
Fish will die without water.
---Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town
--- No. I will go and visit him right now.
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
When are you to leave for home
4) The train is about to start.
表示事物的固然属性和必然趋势
表示偶然的、临时的决定
表示计划、打算要做某事
表示根据现在的迹象对未来的判断
表示按计划或安排要做的事
表示立即的将来，不与具体的表示时间的状语连用
What are they doing now
They are having a class.
四. 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)
2. 用法：
1) 表示现在( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。　
We are having English class now.
2) 表某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情,但说话时动作未必正在进行。
We are making model planes these days.(此刻不一定在做)
1.结构: be (am, is, are)+ doing
3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的
动作,常见的动词有: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay.
I’ m leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week
On Oct 1, 2025, motherland’s 76th birthday
What were you doing on that day
I was watching military parade at home
五. 过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)
1. 结构：was/ were + doing
2. 用法:
1).表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语
at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when…, while…
He was cooking supper this time yesterday.
The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.
2).用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且从句动作延续时间较长。
如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.
They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.
3).表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感彩。
如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
六. 将来进行时(The Future Progressive Tense)
1. 结构：shall/will be + doing
2. 用法:表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用的时间状语this time next day， by this time tomorrow， in two days， tomorrow evening等等
如：1. This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2. By this time tomorrow， I'll be lying on the beach.
English, boring or funny
Q1: How old were you when you first started learning English
Q2: How long have you learnt English
A1: We have started to learn English since we were 6 years old.
A2: I have learned English for 10 years.
七. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)
1. 结构: have (has) +过去分词
2.用法:
1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延
续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词. 常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since…,
for … 等等 eg:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.
2).表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响
或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet,
ever, never, once等等.
We have finished our lunch already.
Have you ever tried this method
八.过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)
结构: had + 过去分词　
概念：表示过去的过去
----|--------------|---------|---->
过去之前　 过去　现在　将来
　　　
They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.
When the police arrived, the thieves ____________(run away).
When I came into the classroom, my dear students ______________ (begin) reading.
had run away
had begun
Dad said to me, “I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.”
Dad told me (that) he _________ (buy) a computer for me if I could pass the exam.
would buy
九. 过去将来时( The Past Future Simple Tense )
1. 用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中.
2.结构:
should / would+动词原形
The boy promised he would work hard.
I told my parents I should return early.
2).其他形式．
was (were) going to
was (were) to +动词原形
was (were) about to
①I thought it was going to rain.
②I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
③I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
十.现在完成进行时(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
1. 结构: has/have been + doing　
2. 用法：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征。
I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours. (我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)
How long have you been waiting here
(你在这里一直等了多久？)
　　　
1.This/It is the first/second time＋that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。
① This is the first time I have come here.
②It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.
2.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
固定句式或结构中的动词时态
时态的区别
1.一般过去时与现在完成时
①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没有什么联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与for或since连接的时间状语连用。
I didn’t see her last week.我上周没有见到她。
I haven’t seen her since last week.
自上周以来我一直未见过她。
02易混时态的区别使用
②一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是：一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间，但在过去某个时间就已终止；现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在，还没有终止。
I have lived in London for many years，and I’ve got used to the life there.
I lived in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
2．一般过去时与过去完成时
①一般过去时多与last year，yesterday,3 years ago等表示过去的时间状语连用；过去完成时多与by the end of last year，the day before,3 years before等时间状语连用。
A cold wind started yesterday evening.
A cold wind was blowing from the north. It had started the evening before.
②过去完成时一般不单独使用，上下文中通常要有另一个过去的动作相比较。即：当一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前时，该动作才能用过去完成时。
John planned to spend 3,000 for his wedding.
John spent 3,000 more than he had planned for his wedding.
比较：
The girl next to me on the plane was nervous. She hadn’t flown before.
The girl next to me on the plane is nervous. She hasn’t flown before.
3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。
Exercises
I usually ____ up at 6:00, but yesterday I ______ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _________ up at 6:30. (get)
Listen! Someone ____________ (knock) at the door.
I ___________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
How often _____ Andy _______ (surf) the internet
He fell asleep while he ___________ (read) a book.
group competition
get
will get
got
is knocking
have been
does
surf
was reading
6. I ________ never _______ (hear) of that man before.
7. My brother often _________ (go) for walks last summer.
8. Lily said she _______ (put) on the new dress the next day.
9. ______ the story ________ (happen) in London in 1949
10. What ______ his mother ______ (do) when he opened the door
have
heard
went
would
Did
happen
was
doing
11. If it ______________ (not rain) tomorrow, they ___________ (go) fishing.
12. ______ your mother ________ the piano every Sunday
13. They _______ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.
14. Tom _____________ (work) there since two years ago.
15. By the time I _________ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher ___________ (start) teaching.
doesn’t rain
will go
Does
has worked
won’t
walked
had started
play
Jenny
Jenny _____ (be) a foreign girl. She _______ (come) from the United States. Look, she _____________ (draw) pictures in the living room.
Two years ago, her parents _________ (move) to China. Jenny ____________ (not have) any friends, so she _______ (feel) lonely. But now, she _______ (have) many Chinese friends and _______ (study) with them everyday. Jenny ___________ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.
is
comes
is drawing
moved
didn’t have
felt
has
studies
will visit
One good turn deserves another
I _____________ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he ____________ (work) at a bank now. He ______ (get) a good salary, but he always _______ (borrow) money from his friends and never ______ (pay) it back. Tony _____ (see) me and _____ (come) and ____ (sit) at the same table. He ___ never ____________ (borrow) money from me. While he ______________ (eat), I _____ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _____ (give) me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
was having
worked
is working
asked
saw
came
has
sat
gave
was eating
borrows
gets
pays
borrowed
三、动词的语态 (voice)
动词的语态
1.定义：用来表示句子的主语和动词之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表明句子的主语是动词动作的执行者；
被动语态表明句子的主语是动词动作的承受者。Many people speak English. （主动语态）
English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
2.构成：be(适当形式)+done(及物动词的过去分词)
在被动结构 be + -ed 中，由 be 承担“时间和数”的表达功能，即随着时间、人称、单数复数的不同，选择不同的 be 的形式。见下表：
语态 时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do/does am /is /are + done
一般过去时 did was / were + done
一般将来时 will + do will be + done
过去将来时 would + do would be + done
过去完成时 had + done had been + done
现在完成时 have /has + done have /has been + done
将来完成时 will have + done will have been + done
现在进行时 am /is / are +doing am /is /are + being + done
过去进行时 was /were + doing was /were + being + done
被动语态构成：be+过去分词
3.被动语态的用法
1).不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。
如:Computers are widely used in transport.
Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.
2).强调动作的承受者时。
如：A library will be built in this city.
The woman was taken to hospital.
3). “get +过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构较口语化
如：The patient got treated once a week.
He fell off the car and got killed.
4.主动表被动
1) “be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如：
①. I’m interested in mathematics.
②. He seems unsatisfied with his work.
③. Tom was surprised at the news.
2)某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义
lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:
①. The door doesn’t open easily.
②. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.
3). need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:
This dictionary is well worth buying.
The classroom needs cleaning.
4). easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,且该不定式与句子的主语具备逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动意义 。如:
What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
5).不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动意义。如:She has an old grandfather to look after.
6).“主语＋系动词＋to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于“sth. ＋be to let / rent”或“sb. ＋be ＋to blame”结构中。如:It’s not my fault. She is to blame.
Challenge yourself!!!!
1、对於这个问题，关注很少。
Little attention was paid to this problem.
2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。
Group discussion should be encouraged in class.
3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。
It is reported that a new road will be built here.
4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。
Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.

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