2026届高考二轮复习:现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时 课件(共81张PPT)

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2026届高考二轮复习:现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时 课件(共81张PPT)

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(共81张PPT)
现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时
CONTENTS
目录
01
现在完成时
02
过去完成时
03
将来完成时
04
三种完成时态对比
05
练习
现在完成时
01
现在完成时的核心概念
核心定义 :表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
两大核心意义 :
1. 已完成 :动作在过去已完成,强调对现在的影响
2. 未完成 :动作从过去开始持续到现在(可能继续)
时间轴
过去 现在 将来
●───────●───────●

过去动作影响现在
(已完成或持续)
现在完成时的结构
核心公式 : have/has + 过去分词
肯定句 :主语 + have/has + 过去分词
I have finished my work.
否定句 : 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词
He hasn't seen the movie.
疑问句 : Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词
Have you been to Beijing
现在完成时的结构
have/has的选择 :
- 第一/二人称单数、所有复数:have
- 第三人称单数:has
过去分词形式 :
- 规则变化:worked, studied
- 不规则变化:gone, seen, done(需单独记忆)
记忆口诀 :have/has加过分,过去动作连现在。
现在完成时的两大用法
用法一:已完成(影响现在)
- I have lost my keys.(钥匙丢了,现在找不到)
- She has finished her homework.(作业已完成,现在可以玩)
现在完成时的两大用法
用法二:未完成(持续到现在)
- I have lived here for 10 years.(现在还住在这里)
- He has been a teacher since 2010.(现在还是老师)
现在完成时的两大用法
时间状语辨析 :
- 已完成 :already, yet, just, ever, never, before
- 未完成 :for + 时间段,since + 时间点,so far, up to now
标志词记忆 :already用在肯定句,yet用在否定疑问句。
现在完成时的特殊句型
————三种重要句型
1. It is/has been + 时间段 + since...
- It is 3 years since I came here.
- It has been 3 years since I came here.
现在完成时的特殊句型
————三种重要句型
3. This is the first/second...time that...
- This is the first time that I have visited Shanghai.
易错点提醒 :
- since后接 时间点 (since 2010, since last week)
- for后接 时间段 (for 3 years, for a long time)
练习
1. I ______ (finish) my homework already.
3. ______ you ever ______ (be) to London
2. She ______ (live) here for five years.
have finished (already表示已完成)
Have, been (ever表示"曾经",询问经历)
has lived (for five years表示持续)
过去完成时
02
过去完成时的核心概念
核心定义 ::表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。。
关键理解 :
- 动作发生在"过去的过去"
- 需要有一个明确的过去时间或动作作为参照
时间轴
过去 现在 将来
●───────●───────●

过去完成时
(过去的过去)
过去完成时的结构
核心公式 : had + 过去分词
肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词
I had finished my work.
否定句:主语 + had + not + 过去分词
He hadn't seen the movie.
疑问句 :Had + 主语 + 过去分词
Had you finished when he came
现在完成时的结构
特点 :
- had用于所有人称(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
- 过去分词形式与现在完成时相同
缩写形式 :had → 'd; had not → hadn't
记忆口诀 :had加过分,过去的过去已完成。
过去完成时的基本用法
————三大使用场景
1. 表示过去的过去
- When I arrived, the train had left.(我到之前火车已开走)
参照点:arrived(过去)→ had left(过去的过去)
过去完成时的基本用法
————三大使用场景
2. 与by/before + 过去时间连用
- By the end of last year, I had learned 2000 words.
- He had finished his work before 5 o'clock yesterday.
过去完成时的基本用法
————三大使用场景
3. 用于间接引语
- He said he had seen the movie.(直接引语:I saw the movie.)
时间状语 :by the end of last..., before, when, after, until, already, yet
过去完成时的特殊用法
————过去完成时在复合句中的应用
1. 主句(过去完成时)+ when/before/after + 从句(一般过去时)
- I had finished my homework when my mother came back.
过去完成时的特殊用法
————过去完成时在复合句中的应用
2. no sooner...than / hardly...when
- No sooner had I arrived than it began to rain.
- Hardly had he finished when someone knocked at the door.
过去完成时的特殊用法
————过去完成时在复合句中的应用
3. 虚拟语气中的过去完成时
- If I had known, I would have helped you.
(事实上我不知道)
练习
1. When I got to the station, the train ______ (leave).
3. He said he ______ (see) the movie before.
2. By 10 o'clock last night, I ______ (finish) all my work.
had left (我到车站发生在过去,火车离开发生在过去的过去)
had seen (间接引语中,直接引语的现在完成时变为过去完成时)
had finished (by + 过去时间点,用过去完成时)
将来完成时
03
将来完成时的核心概念
核心定义 :表示到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作。
关键理解 :
- 动作在将来某一时间之前完成
- 强调将来动作的完成性
时间轴
过去 现在 将来
●───────●───────●

将来完成时
(到将来某时已完成)
将来完成时的结构
核心公式 : will have + 过去分词
肯定句:主语 + will have + 过去分词
I will have finished by tomorrow.
否定句:主语 + will not have + 过去分词
He won't have arrived by then.
疑问句:Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词
Will you have finished by 5
现在完成时的结构
特点 :
- will用于所有人称
- have不变形式
- 过去分词与现在/过去完成时相同
缩写形式 :
- will have → 'll have
- will not have → won't have
记忆口诀 :will have加过分,将来某时已完成。
将来完成时的基本用法
———— 两大使用场景
1. 表示将来某时之前完成的动作
- By next week, I will have finished the book.
- When you come tomorrow, I will have left.
将来完成时的基本用法
———— 两大使用场景
2. 表示持续到将来某时的动作
- By the end of this month, I will have worked here for 10 years.
时间状语 :
- by + 将来时间点(by tomorrow, by next year)
- by the time + 从句(by the time you arrive)
- before + 将来时间点
将来完成时的特殊句型
1. by the time + 从句(一般现在时/现在完成时)
- By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking.
- By the time he has graduated, he will have learned a lot.
将来完成时的特殊句型
2. 将来完成进行时
- By next month, I will have been studying English for 10 years.
3. 预测性用法
- They will have arrived in Beijing by now.(推测现在已完成)
将来完成时的特殊句型
对比学习 :
- 现在完成时:现在之前已完成
- 过去完成时:过去某时之前已完成
- 将来完成时:将来某时之前将完成
练习
1. By this time tomorrow, I ______ (finish) the report.
3. By 2025, he ______ (work) here for 20 years.
2. When you arrive, they ______ (leave).
will have finished (by + 将来时间点)
will have worked (持续到将来某时)
will have left (when引导的时间状语从句,主句用将来完成时)
三种完成时态对比
04
核心区别 :
- 现在完成时:现在为参照点
- 过去完成时:过去某时为参照点
- 将来完成时:将来某时为参照点
三种完成时态对比
三种完成时态结构全面对比
时间状语辨析
——通过时间状语判断完成时态
解题技巧 :
1. 先找时间状语
2. 确定时间参照点(现在/过去/将来)
3. 判断动作的完成性
4. 选择正确的完成时态
三种完成时态对比
四种完成时态易混淆点
1. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
- I have seen the movie.(强调现在知道内容)
- I saw the movie yesterday.(强调昨天看的动作)
四种完成时态易混淆点
2. 过去完成时的时间参照
- 必须有明确的过去参照时间
- 常出现在含when, before, after的复合句中
四种完成时态易混淆点
3. by的用法区别
- by now(现在完成时)
- by last year(过去完成时)
- by next year(将来完成时
四种完成时态易混淆点
4. since的用法
- since + 过去时间点(现在完成时)
- since + 过去时间点 + ago(过去完成时)
高频考点总结
1. have/has gone to vs have/has been to
- have gone to:去了某地(现在不在这里)
- have been to:去过某地(现在已回来)
高频考点总结
2. since与for的区别
- since + 时间点(since 2010, since last week)
- for + 时间段(for 3 years, for a long time)
高频考点总结
3. by的三种用法
- by now → 现在完成时
- by last year → 过去完成时
- by next year → 将来完成时
高频考点总结
4. 间接引语的时态变化
- 现在完成时 → 过去完成时
- "I have finished." → He said he had finished.
高频考点总结
5. 时间状语从句的完成时态
- by the time + 从句(一般现在时),主句用将来完成时
- when + 过去时,主句用过去完成
练习
05
练习
I ______ this book for two weeks.
A. have borrowed
B. have kept
C. borrowed
D. keep
答案: B
解析: 现在完成时中,短暂动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。borrow是短暂动词,要改为延续性动词keep。
练习
This is the best movie I ______.
A. have ever seen
B. had ever seen
C. ever saw
D. ever see
答案: A
解析: "This is the best..."后面常用现在完成时,表示到现在为止的经历。
练习
1. I ______ this book for two weeks.
A. have borrowed
B. have kept
C. borrowed
D. keep
答案: B
解析: 现在完成时中,短暂动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。borrow是短暂动词,要改为延续性动词keep。
练习
— Where is Tom
— He ______ to the library.
A. has gone B. has been
C. went D. goes
答案: A
解析: 根据上下文,Tom不在说话地,表示"他去了图书馆",用has gone to。
练习
When I got to the cinema, the movie ______ for 10 minutes.
A. had started B. had been on
C. started D. was on
答案: B
解析: start是短暂动词,不能与for 10 minutes连用。had been on表示"已开始10分钟"。
练习
Hardly ______ the house when it began to rain.
A. we had left
B. had we left
C. we left
D. did we leave
答案: B
解析: hardly...when结构中,hardly后要用过去完成时,且要部分倒装。
练习
The train ______ when I got to the station.
A. left
B. had left
C. has left
D. was leaving
答案: B
解析: 火车离开发生在"我到达"之前,是"过去的过去",用过去完成时。
练习
I ______ to visit him, but he was out.
A. had hoped
B. hoped
C. have hoped
D. hope
答案: A
解析: 希望发生在"他出去"之前,用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望。
练习
By this time tomorrow, I ______ my work.
A. will finish
B. will have finished
C. have finished
D. finished
答案: B
解析: by this time tomorrow表示"到明天这个时候",用将来完成时
练习
How many words ______ you ______ by the end of this term
A. will, learn
B. have, learned
C. will, have learned
D. had, learned
答案: C
解析: by the end of this term是将来的时间点,用将来完成时。
练习
By 2030, scientists ______ a cure for this disease.
A. find
B. will find
C. will have found
D. have found
答案: C
解析: by 2030是将来的时间点,用将来完成时表示预测。
练习
Don't call me at 8. I ______ dinner by then.
A. will have
B. will have had
C. have
D. had
答案: B
解析: by then表示"到那时",用将来完成时。
练习
She ______ (live) in Beijing since 2010.
答案: has lived
解析: since 2010表示从2010年到现在,用现在完成时。主语She是第三人称单数,用has lived。
练习
So far, we ______ (learn) 2,000 English words.
答案: have learned
解析: so far表示"到目前为止",用现在完成时。
练习
He ______ (not finish) his homework yet.
答案: hasn't finished
解析: yet常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句。
练习
Up to now, no one ______ (find) the lost child.
答案: has found
解析: up to now表示"到现在为止",用现在完成时
练习
By the end of last year, we ______ (learn) 3,000 English words.
答案: had learned
解析: by the end of last year表示"到去年年底为止",用过去完成时。
练习
She told me she ______ (never see) such a beautiful place before.
答案: had never seen
解析: 主句是过去时told,从句动作发生在told之前,用过去完成时。
练习
They ______ (finish) the project before the deadline.
答案: had finished
解析: 在截止日期前已完成,用过去完成时。
练习
By the end of next month, he ______ (work) here for 10 years.
答案: will have worked
解析: by the end of next month是将来时间点,用将来完成时。
练习
When you arrive at the airport, the plane ______ (take off).
答案: will have taken off
解析: when引导的时间状语从句,主句用将来完成时表示动作在将来某个时间点之前完成。
练习
I ______ (complete) the course by next summer.
答案: will have completed
解析: by next summer是将来的时间点,用将来完成时。
练习
They ______ (build) three bridges over the river by the end of next year.
答案: will have built
解析: by the end of next year是将来的时间点,用将来完成时。
练习
(改错)
题目: I have bought the book for three days.
答案: 将"have bought"改为"have had"
解析: buy是短暂动词,不能与for three days这样的时间段连用。要改为延续性动词have。
练习
(用since或for填空)
题目: They have been married ______ 20 years.
答案: for
解析: for后接时间段,since后接时间点。20 years是时间段。
练习
(改错)
题目: He said that he bought the car the year before.
答案: 将"bought"改为"had bought"
解析: 主句是过去时said,从句动作发生在said之前,要用过去完成时。
练习
(用动词正确形式填空)
题目: He ______ (work) in the company for five years before he resigned.
答案: had worked
解析: 工作五年发生在他辞职之前,用过去完成时。
练习
(改错)
题目: I will finish the book by the time you come back.
答案: 将"will finish"改为"will have finished"
解析: by the time you come back表示"到你回来时",主句应用将来完成时
练习
(用动词正确形式填空)
题目: By the time he graduates, he ______ (study) English for 12 years.
答案: will have studied
解析: by the time引导的时间状语从句,主句用将来完成时。
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