资源简介

(共16张PPT)
汉英翻译基础
句式优化与精准表达
避免英文写作明显错误，掌握核心翻译技巧
From Source Language to
Target Language
教学目标
- 能够在英文写作中避免明显错误
- 掌握汉英翻译的核心逻辑与实操方法
教学重点
- 提取中文句子主干（主谓宾/主系表）
- 符合英文句式结构与表达习惯
教学难点
1. 英文句子结构的合理转换
2. 英语词汇与短语的精准运用
例 句 翻 译 分 析
天启皇帝道：“当去年夏天的第一缕微风吹进紫禁城的时候，朕在乾清宫开心的卖亲手做的木质圆桌子。”
类型 主语 谓语 宾语
主句 朕 卖 桌子
I sell table
从句 微风 吹进 紫禁城
breeze blow the Forbidden City
———————————————————————主句
从句————————————————————————
————————
1. 找出主句和从句
2.找出主从句的主干
天启皇帝道：“当去年夏天的第一缕微风吹进紫禁城的时候，朕在乾清宫开心的卖亲手做的木质圆桌子。”
译文
“When the first breeze of last summer blew into the Forbidden City, I was selling the round wooden table happily which were made by myself at Qianqing Palace.”said Tianqi Emperor.
请提取下列句子主干并翻译
1. 我明天坐高铁去北京。
2. 我住在一所大房子里，这个房子的窗户朝南。
3. 大家都知道，台湾是中国的一部分。
4. Tom 出生在富贵人家。
5. 橱柜里有什么东西？ 6. 树上长着许多苹果。
7. 教室里有50名学生在读英语书。
我 去 北京
我 住在 房子里
窗子 朝向 南方
大家 知道
台湾 是 一部分
Tom 出生
什么东西 在 橱柜
苹果 长
学生 读 书
我 坐 高铁
I am going to /will go to Beijing by high-speed train tomorrow
I am going to take high-speed train to beijing tomorrow
2. What is that in the cupboard
3. I live in a big house, whose window/ the window of which faces to the south.
I live in a big house, and its window faces to the south
4. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
As we all know , Taiwan is a part of China
It’s known to all that Taiwan is a part of
China
5. Tom was born with a silver spoon in his mouth
Tom was born in a wealthy family’
6. There are plenty of apples on the tree
Plenty of apples are on the tree
7.There are 50 students reading English
books in the classroom
50 students are reading Englishi books in the class room
汉英翻译核心要点
1. 提取句子主干（主谓宾/主系表）—— 搭建翻译骨架
2. 补充修饰成分
定语：前置定语、后置定语、定语从句
状语：时间、地点、方式、原因等（状语短语/从句）
3. 构建复合句
并列复合句： and but or not only …but also while(然而) nerither…nor等.
主从复合句： Before;after; When; while(当….时 虽然)as; if; as if ;because; since ;alhough so that; in order that; so…that;such that等
4. 把控语法细节：时态、语态、主谓一致
5. 避免死译：拒绝逐字照搬，贴合英文表达习惯
死译错误示例：
橱柜里有什么东西？→
Cupboard in have what thing.
树上长着许多苹果。
Trees grow many apples.
对牛弹琴
play the piano before an ox
胸有成竹
have mature bamboos in stomach
词语翻译（含习语）避免死译
1.基础词语
小心： be careful / take care/watch out
开心： happy / joyful
马虎： careless / negligent
酒店： hotel / inn
水费： water fee / water bill
高铁： high-speed train
牛马 ： a wage slave
打螺丝 : work on the assembly line
加强攻势/施加压力 : turn the screw
截止日期 deadline
2.习语与固定表达
对牛弹琴：cast pearls before swine
胸有成竹：have a card up one's sleeve
/have a clear idea in mind
掌上明珠：the apple of one's eye
伶牙俐齿：quick-witted and eloquent
/a ready tongue
油嘴滑舌：smooth-tongued / glib
猴年马月：donkey's years
一匹黑马：a dark horse
害群之马：a black sheep
1. 有电话找你 → You are wanted on the phone.
2. Teddy 被警方通缉了 → Teddy is wanted by the police.
解析要点
口语化表达适配（如“有你的电话” You have a phone call.）
被动语态的正确使用（如“被通缉”）
核心回顾：
提取主干→补充修饰→语法校验→避免死译
寄语：
巧妇难为无米之炊，平时要多积累，只有做到词汇数量的积累才能实现翻译质量的飞跃，正所谓厚积才能薄发。多练多思，逐步掌握汉英翻译的“自然感”
课后作业
请将下列句子翻译成英文，注意运用所学技巧：
1. 没有人愿意在工厂做牛马，一天到晚打螺丝。
2. 自从我错过了还款截止日期，银行开始对我施压。
3. 宇树科技（unitree)在科技竞赛中成为一匹黑马。
4. 我刚走进房间电话铃就响了。
5. 听到这个消息，她放声大哭。
6. 减少周边的噪音对我们来说是至关重要的。
7. 前几天，我碰巧在大街上遇到他。
8. 穿着红色羊毛衫的那个女孩是我们伶牙俐齿的班长。
9. 我建议我们举行一个英语晚会。
10. 虽然他是个孩子，但他胸有成竹。
参考译文：
1. Nobody is willing to be a wage slave , working on the assembly line all day long.
2. The bank has started turning the screw on me since I missed the payment deadline.
3. Unitree turned out to be a dark horse in th tech competetion.
4. As soon as I entered the room, my telephone rang.
The moment/minute/instant I entered the room, my telephone rang.
5. Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
When she heard the news, she burst out crying
6. It is vital for us to reduce the noise in our surroundings.
I happened to meet with him in the street the other day.
The girl wearing a red sweater is our monitor，who has a ready tongue.
I suggest that we (should) hold an English evening party.
10.Child as/though he is, he has a card up his sleeve

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