资源简介

(共33张PPT)
句子成分与句子类型
及其应用
学习目标：
1. 识别句子成分和句子类型，掌握其在写作中的运用；
2. 学会扩句，使句子变得更长，更高级；
3. 能够分析难度中下的长难句结构。
I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
宾补
状语
主
系
动
词
表语
八大句子成分
S
V
O
P
A
OC
(subject) 主语: 动作发出者，一般在句首 。
(verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征；
(object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者
(object complement) 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语，使句子的意义完整。 She makes me happy. I've never seen her dancing.
(adverbial) 状语：使句子壮大，指地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果等； Attributive 定语：修饰限定
(predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分，身份、性质
句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
说明主语的动作或者状态，谓语由实义动词担任，或由系动词和表语一起构成，或由助动词和情态动词与后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语 。 *在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有一个谓语部分
The bird flies. I love music.
He is a teacher. The soup smells delicious.
He is reading a book. I have finished my work.
She does not like coffee. They will come tomorrow.
句子成分
谓语（Predicate）
动作的接受者，和主语相对。宾语可以是具体实物名词，也可以是抽象名词 。
He asked a question.
I don’t know where to go.
I find it hard to learn English.
eg：He gave me a gift.
（间接宾语：me；直接宾语：gift）
句子成分
宾语（Object）
常见系动词口诀
am
is
are
look
feel
smell
taste
sound
seem
appear
become
turn
get
grow
go
keep
stay
remain
表语：放在系动词后；表述主语的身份、特征和状态
表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态
I’m a freshman at senior high school.
The food tastes good.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is to be an English teacher.
My hobby is playing football.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
动名词doing
现在分词doing/过去分词done
表语从句
表语
1)副词/副词短语 The boy needs a pen [very much].(程度状语)
2)介词短语 [In the classroom], the boy needs a pen.(地点状语)
3)分词/分词短语 He sits there, [asking for a pen].(表示伴随状态)
4)不定式 The boy needs a pen [to do his homework].(目的状语)
5)名词 Come [this way]!/走这条路!(方向状语)
6)形容词(短语) At last he got home, tired and hungry.(方式状语)
7)从句(时间/地点/原因/结果/目的/比较/让步/条件状语从句) [If it rains tomorrow], we'll stay at home.(条件状语从句)
He did not go to school yesterday, [because he was ill].(原因状语从句)
状语
1. She likes pink coats best.
2. The dog running after the cat belongs to Miss Li.
3. This is the school that I want to go.
4. The man who visited our class yesterday is warm-hearted.
找出句中的定语。
定语是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的句子成分，作用是说明人或事物的性质、特征、数量、所属等。可以充当定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、定语从句等。
a beautiful flower；the girl who is singing
补语是补充说明句子中主语或宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作结果的句子成分，宾语补足语：补充说明宾语，常见于 make , keep , tell 等动词后，例：We keep the room clean.
His father named him Goudan.
It allows people to get close to nature .
I found my money stolen.
宾语补足语
同位语：对名词进行补充说明的名词、名词短语或从句即同位语从句
Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsome.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
同位语
说出下列句子中单词的词性并分析划线部分的句子成分。
1. Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.
2. One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future.
3. Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work.
4. The meeting held yesterday was important.
5. Word came that the mayor(市长) would pay a visit to our school next week.
状
主
谓
宾
状
状
主
谓
宾(从)
主
谓
宾
宾补
状
主
定语
系动词
表
综合练习
主
谓
同位语(从句)
简单句 Miss Liu is our English teacher.
并列句 Miss Liu is our English teacher and she is very pretty.
主从复合句Miss Liu is our English teacher, who devotes herself to(致力于) teaching.
基本句子类型
简单句五大基本句型
You come.
I love you.
I give you my heart.
You make me happy.
You are my everything.
主谓
主谓宾
主谓间宾直宾
主谓宾+宾补
主系表
总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有__________；2.必须有有__________；3.要能表达_____________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分，如表语/宾语/宾补。
主语
谓语
一个完整的意思
主从复合句：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句
主语从句： What matters is what you do.
宾语从句：I know what she said.
表语从句：This is what she said.
同位语从句：I like the idea that we can start early.
定语从句，也叫形容词性从句，用来修饰一个名词或代词（即“先行词”）。它像一个“大形容词”，跟在所修饰的词后面，由关系词引导。
关系词有两个作用：1.连接主从句；2. 在从句中充当一个成分（主语、宾语、状语等）
限定性定从 1. The book which/that is on the table is mine.
I finished the book (which/that) you lent me.
2. The girl who/that is singing is my sister.
· The man (whom/that) I met yesterday is a doctor.
3 That‘s the student whose father is a scientist.
· I live in a room whose window faces south.
4. This is the factory where my father works.
(先行词常是 place, school, city, room 等表地点的词)
5. I‘ll never forget the day when we first met.
(先行词常是 time, day, year, occasion 等表时间的词)
6. Do you know the reason why he was late
非限定性定语从句：
1. My father, who is a doctor, works very hard.
2. I lost my wallet, which contained my bankcard.
3. He passed the exam easily, which surprised us all.
4. The company has 100 employees, most of whom are engineers.
5. I have many books, some of which are about history.
1. My sister, ________ is a nurse, works in a big hospital.
2. We visited the Great Wall, ________ is one of the wonders of the world.
3. This is the village ________ my grandfather was born.
4. I‘ll never forget the day ________ I first went to school.
5. The reason ________ he was absent is still unknown.
6. The house ________ roof is red was built 100 years ago.
状语从句
核心连词（必须掌握） 1. 时间 when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as 说明主句动作发生的时间。重点考主从句时态搭配（如“主将从现”）。
2. 原因 because, since, as, now that 说明主句动作的原因。because 语气最强，回答 why。
3. 条件 if, unless 说明主句动作发生的条件。unless = if not（除非/如果不）。
4. 让步 although, though, even though 表示“虽然……但是……”，不能与 but 连用。
1. ________ he is very busy, he always finds time to exercise.
2. He didn‘t go to school ________ he was ill.
3. ________ you don‘t try, you‘ll never know.
4. _________I was walking in the street, I met my old friend.
when if although because
扩句
a. 扩展主语: 加形容词、定语从句等
b. 扩展谓语：加副词、补充动词细节
c. 扩展宾语：加定语、宾语补足语
d. 增加状语：时间、地点、方式、原因等
e. 用并列句：用and， but , or , not only...but also...等连接句子
f. 用定语从句：who,which,that等
f. 用状语从句：because, when , after, if...
She sings.
_______________________________扩展主语
_______________________________扩展谓语
_______________________________扩展宾语
_______________________________增加状语
________________________________添加定从
_________________________________添加状从
The school held a sports meeting.
扩展主语___________school held a sports meeting.
扩展宾语___________school held a ________sports meeting.
增加状语（时间）___________school held a __________sports meeting_________.
增加状语(目的) ______________,________school held a ______sports meeting__________(时间)
添加定语从句__________________(目的),________school held a ______sports meeting__________(时间), ____________________(定从)
The school informs students to join the contest.
扩展主语：学校办公室通知学生参加比赛。___________________________________________
扩展宾语: 学校办公室通知所有优秀的学生参加比赛。
___________________________________________
补充宾语细节：学校办公室通知所有优秀的学生参加中国书法比赛。_______________________________________
增加时间、地点状语：学校办公室通知所有优秀的学生下周一在礼堂参加中国书法比赛。___________________________________
加定语从句(which)：学校办公室通知所有优秀的学生下周一在礼堂参加中国书法比赛,旨在传扬传统的中国文化。_________________________________________________________
I want to join the English club.
我，一个高三学生，想要加入英语俱乐部。__________________________________________________________________
我，一个非常喜欢英语的高三学生，想要加入英语俱乐部。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我，一个非常喜欢英语的高三学生，想要加入英语俱乐部去交更多的朋友，练习口语。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我，一个非常喜欢英语的高三学生，想要加入英语俱乐部去交更多的朋友，练习口语。我承诺按时参加所有的活动。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The activity is meaningful.
这个志愿者活动是有意义的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
周末的志愿者活动是有意义的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
周末的志愿者活动是有意义的，因为它不仅对有需要的人有益，还能惠及我们自己。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
周末的志愿者活动是有意义的，因为它不仅对有需要的人有益，还能惠及我们自己,这帮助我们培养了责任感。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
分析句子结构，找主干
1. When we finish our homework, we can watch TV for half an hour and then read a storybook.
2. The teacher who teaches us English always tells us interesting stories that make us laugh.
3. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting, so I want to read it again this weekend.
难度升级 4. The student who won the English speech contest said that she would share her learning experience with us when she had time, and all of her classmates cheered loudly for her.
5. Although it rained heavily last Sunday, we still went to the old people’s home to help clean the rooms and chat with the elderly, which made both the old people and us feel very happy.

展开更多......

收起↑