资源简介

(共40张PPT)
CONTENTS
1.语气及语气的种类
2.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法及定义
3.陈述语气与虚拟语气
4.虚拟语气的其他用法
5.虚拟语气的特殊用法
6.练习题
虚拟语气简单概括
虚拟语气
真实语气
是假的！
是真的！
如果我不在家，猴子会打狗子。
If I am not at home, the monkey will beat dogs.
If I am the monkey, I will beat dogs too.
If I were the monkey, I would beat dogs too.
如果我是猴子，我也会打狗子。
1.语气：
语气是动词的一种语法范畴，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
语气及语气的种类
1
语气的种类
陈述语气
祁使语气
虚拟语气
表示所说的话是事实。
例：He is a teacher.
表示所说的话是请求或命令。
例：Open the window, please.
表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设。
例：He suggested I should go to see the film.
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法及定义
2
条件句
真实条件句
虚拟条件句
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.
如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
If I had his phone number, I would call him now.
如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就给他打电话了。
陈述语气
虚拟语气，复合句中主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
有可能发生
真的
不可能发生
我没有他的电话
虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实或者不可能发生，而是表达愿望，建议，假设。
陈述语气与虚拟语气
3
If they invited me this evening, I should go with them.
如果今天晚上他们邀请我去，我会同他们一起去的。
1
2
虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性__________或_________________。
很小
根本不可能
If they invite me this evening, I shall go with them.
如果今天晚上他们邀请我去，我会同他们一起去的。
陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性____________。
很大
与现在事实相反的假设
If I had his phone number, I would call him now.
动词过去时
would+动原
If there were no gravity on earth, everyone could fly.
be的过去式
could+动原
总结：
从句：动词过去时（be的过去式用were）
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原型
与过去事实相反的假设
If the manager had adopted my suggestion, the company wouldn’t have lost so much money.
had+过去分词
would+have+过去分词
If there had not been a snow storm, the flight wouldn’t have been delayed.
had+过去分词
总结：
从句：had+过去分词
主句：would/could/might/should+have+过去分词
would+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
If people were to stop driving private cars, traffic problems might be solved.
were+不定式
might+动原
If I should not take (did not take/were not to take) an exam tomorrow, I would go to attend your party..
should+动原
would+动原
总结：
从句:
动词过去时
should+动词原形
were+不定式
主句:
would/could/might/should+动词原型
归纳总结
含义
从句的谓语动词
主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
过去式
were
had+过去分词
should+动词原型
were to+动词原型
would/should/could/might+动词原型
would/should/could/might+
have+过去分词
would/should/could/might+动词原型
Find Out the Super Pink Panther!
A: Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
B: I wish they __________ always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
A
句意：A：孩子们在哪？饭都快不能吃了。B：我希望他们不要总是迟到。
解析：wish后接从句，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。正确答案为A。
Find Out the Super Pink Panther!
2. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
C
句意：或许当时我学习科学而不是文学的话，我就能给你更多的帮助了。
解析：本句是一个含有条件状语从句的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，用had done。正确答案为C。
错
综
条
件
句
虚
拟
错综虚拟条件句指主句和从句表达时间不一致的情况。比如从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在或将来事实相反，形式为：从句：had+过去分词，主句：would/could/might+动词原型。
例
If you had followed your father’s advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
如果你听从父亲的建议，现在就不会有麻烦了。
含
蓄
条
件
句
虚
拟
有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用介词短语、分词、不定式或上下文等表现出来。
介词短语
分词
But for the rain (If it hadn’t rained), we could have had a pleasant trip.
如果要不是下雨，我们肯定能愉快地旅游了。
Given better treatment, he could have recovered earlier. (= If he had been given better treatment)
如果治疗得好，他早就康复了。
含
蓄
条
件
句
虚
拟
有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用介词短语、分词、不定式或上下文等表现出来。
不定式
名词短语
To hear him speak English (= If you heard him speak English), you would take him for a foreigner.
如果你听到他说英语，你会以为他是外国人。
A few minutes earlier ( If you had come a few minutes earlier), and you would have caught the bus.要是你早来几分钟，你就会赶上这班公交车了。
if
的
省
略
如果虚拟条件句中的if省略，助动词提前。例：
If it had not been for his mother’s objection, Jack would have married that French girl.如果不是妈妈的反对，杰克就会和那个法国女孩结婚了。
Had it not been for his mother’s objection, Jack would have married that French girl.
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
在主语从句中的用法
1
例
It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work.
下班后，你必须清扫车间。
It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.
她不辞而别，真让人奇怪。
表示现在的情况：should+动词原型
表示过去的情况：should+have+过去分词
用于It is essential, necessary, important, vital, urgent, advisable, desirable…that从句，that从句的谓语动词用should+动词原型，should可以省略。例：It is important that the figures (should) be accurate.重要的是数据要非常准确。
Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
A
句意：老师们建议家长，为了安全起见，不要允许12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。
解析：这里考查recommend的用法。Recommend接从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气（should）do。正确答案为A。
在宾语从句中的用法
2
(1)当表示与事实相反的愿望时，在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。
例
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我希望知道这个问题的答案。
注：可惜不知道
与现实相反的愿望：谓语：动词过去式（be用were/was）
与过去事实相反的愿望：谓语：had+过去分词
例
I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money.
我后悔不该花那么多钱。
注：实际上已花掉很多钱了。
在宾语从句中的用法
2
(1)当表示与事实相反的愿望时，在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反的愿望：谓语：should/would+动词原型
例
I wish it would stop raining.
但愿雨能停止。
注：雨还在下
总结
时态 谓语动词形式
与现实相反的愿望 动词过去式（be用were/was）
与过去事实相反的愿望 had+过去分词
与将来事实可能相反的愿望 should/would+动词原型
在宾语从句中的用法
2
例
(2)在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“（should）+动词原型”表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等。
We suggested that the meeting ______________________ till next week.
我们建议会议推迟到下周。
Our teacher demanded that the classroom ________________ at once.
我们老师要求我们立刻打扫教室。
(should) be put off
(should) be cleaned
在同位语、表语从句中的用法
3
在表示命令、要求、提议、愿望等意义的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原型”或“动词原型”。
例
They received an order that they start off at once.
他们接到命令要立即出发。
My suggestion is that he (should) be sent there.
我建议派他去那里。
这类词通常是：order, hope, idea, plan, suggestion, proposal, request, desire, decision等。
在状语从句中的用法
4
1
由as if/though引导比较或方式状语从句，从句常用虚拟语气。
例
He looks as if he were an artist.
他看起来像位艺术家。
从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.他英语说得如此流利就像他曾经在英国学习过英语一样。
从句与过去事实相反，谓语动词用”had+过去分词”形式
It looks as if it might rain.
天看起来就像要下雨了一样。
从句与将来事实相反，谓语动词用”would/might/could+动词原型”形式
知识补足
如果表示的事情可能发生，方式状语从句中的谓语动词可以用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
天看起来要下雨了。
在状语从句中的用法
4
2
由even if/though引导的让步状语从句：主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
例
Even if he were here, I should say the same thing.
即使他在这儿，我也要这样说。
Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.
即使生病了，他仍要去办公室。
在状语从句中的用法
4
3
在so that, in order that, for fear that(以免), in case, unless(除非)等引导的从句中，谓语动词常用“could/might/should+动词原型”。
例
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.
我租了条小船以便去钓鱼。
The man saved as much as he could in order that he might buy a car of his own.
为了买一辆自己的小汽车，那男士尽可能地节约钱。
在简单句中的用法
5
(1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话。
Would you be kind enough to open the door
请你开门好吗？
在简单句中的用法
5
(2)在一些习惯表达中。
You’d better go now.
你最好现在就走。
I would rather not tell you.
在简单句中的用法
5
(3)用“may+动词原型”表示祝愿 。
May you be happy.
May all your dreams come true.
在would rather后的用法
6
例
I’d rather she hadn’t done that.
我宁愿她没做过那件事。
注
从句用过去完成时指( )
I’d rather you paid me now.
我宁愿你现在就付给我钱。
注
从句用过去时指( )
I’d rather you painted the wall green next time.
我宁愿你下次把墙刷成绿色。
注
从句用过去时指( )
过去
现在
将来
虚拟语气的特殊用法 （拓展）
1
在”It is + better/ probable/ possible/ demanded/ requested/ required/ suggested/ planned等+过去分词+从句”中，主语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原型”或省略should。
例
It is better that the patient (should) be sent to hospital at once.
病人最好立刻被送往医院。
2
在”It is + (某些)名词”结构中，其后从句的谓语用”should+动词原型”或”should+have+过去分词“，表示惊讶、惶惑、怀疑、不满等。
例
It is a pity that you should be so late for the meeting.
真遗憾，这次会议你迟到了。
3
在”It is (high) time (that)”句型中，time后的定语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语用动词的过去时，有时也可用”should+动词原型”，should不可省略。
例
It is high time we did our homework.
我们该做作业了。
Practice
Practice
Practice
Practice
虚拟语气练习题
1. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________________ (not be) where I am.
wouldn’t be
2. If there ________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
were
3.If he __________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
had caught
解析：
1.wouldn’t be 句意：如果我没有面临过如此多的障碍，我就不会处于现在这样的境地。这是一个错综时间的虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在情形的假设，应用would be结构。根据语境可知，此处表示否定意义，故用wouldn’t be。
2.were 句意：如果没有现代通信手段，我们就得登上几个星期才能得到世界各地的消息。根据语境和主句谓语would have to wait可知，条件从句表达与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应该用一般过去时，无论主语是单数还是复数，be的过去式都用were。
3.had caught 句意：如果他赶上早班火车的话他就不会开会迟到了。根据主句谓语动词的would have done结构可知，条件从句描述的是与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应该用过去完成时。
虚拟语气练习题
4. We would rather our daughter _______ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
stayed
5. If we _________ (book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
had booked
6. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _______________________ (be) able to speak it much better now.
would/could/should/might be
解析：
4.stayed 句意：我们宁愿女儿留在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她已经不再是一个孩子了。根据语境可知，本句应用虚拟语气，would rather后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气时，谓语动词应用一般过去时。would rather sb. did sth.意为“宁愿某人做某事”
5. had booked 句意：如果我们早一点预订一张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这里排队了。结合条件从句中的earlier可知，条件从句表达与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应该用had done结构。
6.would/should/could/might be 句意：如果他以前多花点时间练习说英语，现在就会/应该/可能说得好多了。根据语境可知，条件从句描述与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应该用would/should/could/might do结构。
虚拟语气练习题
7. Eye doctors suggest that a child’s first eye exam __________________ (conduct) when he/she is six speak it much better now.
(should) be conducted
8. I ________________ (go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
should have gone
9. I should not have laughed if I ____________ (think) you were serious.
had thought
解析：
7.（should) be conducted 句意：眼科医生建议，孩子应该在六个月大的时候进行第一次眼科检查。在suggest(建议)、demand、order、insist（坚决要求）、recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即“（should）+动词原型”。
8. should have gone 句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我表弟的生日聚会，但我没空。根据语境可知，but后面的分句描述的是过去的事实，而前面的分句则是描述与过去事实相反的假设。所以谓语动词要用should have done结构。
9. had thought 句意：如果我认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。根据语境和主句谓语动词的should have done结构可知，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应该用had done结构。
虚拟语气练习题
10. We _____________________________ (not finish) the work on time without your help.
would/could/might not have finished
解析：
10. would/could/might not have finished 句意：如果没有你的帮助，我们就不能、不可能按时完成工作了。 Without your help是描述过去的事实。主句描述的是与过去事实相反的假设，所以谓语动词要用would/could/might/ have done结构。
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Thanks!

展开更多......

收起↑