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高考语法专题复习定语从句
在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句
一、who/whom/whose引导的定语从句
用法 示例
who和whom指人;who在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略;在口语中可用who代替whom (2022新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English,I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7:00 pm on Friday.
(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)A better way might be to have students practice with partners who have similar English proficiency and learning needs.
用法 示例
whose既可指人,也可指物;在从句中作定语,表示先行词的所有格,即whose前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。 (口诀:whose前后名,后名属前名) In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
He lives in a house,whose window is broken.
二、that/which/as引导的定语从句
1.只用that引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。
If I run into anything that might interest you,I’ll send it your way.
如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西,我会把它寄给你。
(2)先行词被the only,any,few,no,very等修饰时。
After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.
他家失火后,那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
My mother and her old friends talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
我母亲和她的老朋友谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。
2.只用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时。
His best movie,which won several awards,was about the life of Gandhi.
他最优秀的电影,就是荣获几项大奖的那一部,是关于甘地生平的。
(2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。
I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书,这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
(3)关系词引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
Readers attracts so many audiences,which means that it becomes more and more popular in China.
《读者》吸引了那么多的读者,这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。
3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
引导词 位置上 搭配上 意思上
which 只能放在先行词的后面 无动词的限制 这
as 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如: remember,see,hear,know, expect等 正如……,正像……的那样
Football,which is an interesting game,is played all over the world.
全世界都踢足球,这是一项有趣的运动。
As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.正如报纸上报道的那样,两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①It is a new milestone for the country’s shipbuilding industry because it marks an end to the time 　　　　　　China couldn’t design and construct large cruise ships independently.
② Eventually,the family called for help from the police__________ 　　　　　　arrived with a search and rescue dog named Luke to look for the child.
③The last three years have been the warmest on record,_________　　　　　　　 poses exceptional challenges globally.
that
who/that
which
④The blue whale,weighing more than even the biggest dinosaurs,is the largest animal 　　　　　　has ever lived.
⑤The night market,　　　　　 flexibility provides more employment alternatives for job-seekers,has brought joy and fun for consumers.
that
whose
考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词 关系副词 句法功能 与“介词+关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词: time、day、year等 when 时间状语 =at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词: park、place、country、house等 where 地点状语 =at/in/on/to which
表示理由的名词:reason why 原因状语 =for which
We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time.
我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。
【点津】
(1)当先行词为point,situation,case,stage等表示抽象地点的名词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;
(2)当先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where;
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语时,可用that,in which或省略关系词三种形式。
I have come to the point where I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
小题快练　单句语法填空
①At that time,every year in spring 　　　　　　the Tomb-Sweeping Day came,the weather became warm.
②That was in 2008,　　　　　　 someone paid $14.3 million for a license plate with the number “one” on it.
③I began my daily tours on the back streets with light traffic and gradually cycled to busier areas 　　　　　　I could share the street with dog walkers.
④I hope my posts can serve as tree holes 　　　　they can talk about their everyday life as well as their pains,sorrows and happiness.
⑤We have entered into an age 　　　　　　dreams have the best chance of coming true.
when
when
where
where
when
考点3　“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若表示人,只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,只能用which。
类别 句法功能 示例
介词+关系代词(which/whom) 状语 In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。
类别 句法功能 示例
介词+whose+名词 状语 I expressed my sincere gratitude to John,without whose help I couldn’t have finished my task.
我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意,没有他的帮助,我不可能完成我的任务。
名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.
上周日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。
小题快练　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Then he took a break in an inn and ordered several dishes,among________ there was fried shrimp.
②Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing,all of 　　　　　　represent distinctive local features.
③我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁,他们把一切都奉献给了我们。
The teachers of our school,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,have devoted themselves to us.
④我们学校有四千多名学生,大多数都用心学习。
There are more than 4,000 students in our school,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
which
which
most of whom are in their thirties
the majority of whom put their hearts into their studies
解
题
思
路
感悟高考
单句语法填空
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 　　　　　　brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,
　　　　　 became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
that/which
which
3.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 　　　　　　will make them the most money.
5.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place
　　　　　　welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
who
that/which
which/that
6.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,
　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
7.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America_____　 　　all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
8.(2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,　　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
as
where
who
9.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　　　　live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
10.(2021浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool　　　　　　gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
11.(2021天津6月卷改编)In the spring,a season 　　　　　　we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
that
which/that
when
thank you ！

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