资源简介

(共23张PPT)
High School English
定语从句专项学习
Attributive Clauses
Special Training
Contents
课程目录
01
核心概念
定语从句核心概念与构成
02
关系词用法
关系词的分类与用法详解
03
句式分类
限制性与非限制性定语从句
04
深度解析
重点语法规则深挖
05
解题技巧
定语从句易错题解题技巧
06
专项练习
实战演练与答案解析
01
核心概念
定语从句核心概念与构成
Core Concepts & Structure
定语从句的定义与构成
定义 Definition
定语从句是修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，能让句子表达更丰富、精准。
通过关系词连接主句和从句，关系词兼具连接作用与从句成分担当功能。
核心构成 Core Components
1
先行词 Antecedent
被定语从句修饰的名词/代词，可指代人、物、时间、地点、原因等
2
关系词 Relative Word
分为关系代词和关系副词，选择取决于先行词类型及在从句中充当的句子成分
典型例句
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
站着的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的书。
02
关系词用法
关系词的分类与用法详解
Relative Words Usage
关系代词全览
关系代词
指代对象
从句中成分
典型例句
who
人
主语 / 宾语
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
whom
人
宾语(正式)
The man whom we talked to is a professor.
whose
人 / 物
定语(表所属)
This is the student whose mother is a doctor .
which
物
主语 / 宾语
The book which is on the desk is mine.
that
人 / 物
主语 / 宾语
The girl that won the prize is my classmate.
重要提示
当先行词为不定代词(something, nothing)、被序数词/最高级修饰、被the only / the very等限定词修饰时， 关系代词只能用that，不能用which 。
关系副词全览
关系副词
指代对象
从句中成分
典型例句
when
时间
时间状语
I still remember the day when we first met .
我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
where
地点
地点状语
This is the park where we had a picnic .
这就是我们野餐的那个公园。
why
原因
原因状语
The reason why he was late is unknown.
他迟到的原因不明。
补充说明
关系副词可替换为"介词 + 关系代词"的结构：
when
= on/in/at which
where
= in/at/on which
why
= for which
03
句式分类
限制性与非限制性定语从句
Restrictive & Non-restrictive
两种定语从句的对比
对比维度
作用
形式
标点
关系词
例句
限制性
限定先行词，去掉后主句意思不完整
与主句紧密连接，无逗号隔开
无逗号
关系代词作宾语时可省略
The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.
非限制性
补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整
与主句用逗号隔开
有逗号
关系代词不能省略，且不能用that
My father, who is a worker , likes fishing.
关键区别：限制性从句提供必要信息，非限制性从句提供额外信息
04
深度解析
重点语法规则深挖
In-depth Grammar Rules
that/which用法核心区别
只能用that的8种场景
1. 先行词被特定限定词修饰
the only, the very, the last, any, all, no等
例：He is the only student that passed the exam.
2. 先行词为特定不定代词
all, everything, nothing, something, anything等
例： Everything that we saw was interesting.
4. 先行词被序数词/最高级修饰
例：This is the first book that I bought in English.
5. 主句以who/which开头
例： Who is the girl that is talking to Tom
6. 先行词作表语
例：He is not the man (that) he used to be .
7. 先行词被并列连词连接
8. 先行词为way/time且作状语
例：This is the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.
只能用which的3种场景
1. 非限制性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句
例：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very useful.
2. 介词 + 关系代词结构中，指代物
例：This is the factory in which my father works.
3. 先行词为that/those时（避免重复）
例：What's that which is shining in the sky
例：We talked about the teachers and schools that we visited .
3. 先行词既有人又有物
例： Both the pen and the notebook that she gave me are lost.
who/whom用法规则
1
非限制性定语从句中，指代人
who可作主语或宾语，不能用that
例：My sister, who is a doctor , will come to see me.
2
介词 + 关系代词结构中，指代人
介词后只能用whom，不能用who或that
例：The person to whom you just talked is our headmaster.
3
特定指人不定代词作先行词，从句缺主语
people, those, anyone, everyone, someone, no one等
例： Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished.
4
there be/here be句型中，先行词为人
从句缺主语时需用who
例：There is a boy who wants to see you .
核心要点
who用于指人，可作主语或宾语
whom用于指人，只能作宾语，正式用法
介词后必须用whom
非限制性定语从句中不能用that
定语从句vs同位语从句
对比维度
定语从句
同位语从句
核心作用
修饰、限定先行词
解释、说明先行词的具体内容
先行词类型
各类名词(人、物、时间、地点等)
多为抽象名词(news, fact, idea, truth, hope等)
关系词作用
在从句中作主语、宾语、状语等成分
仅起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
that特殊性
that作宾语时可省略
that不可省略，无实际意义
典型例句
The news that he told me is true. that在从句中作told的宾语
The news that our team won is true. that仅起连接作用，从句解释news的内容
判断技巧
判断that是否在从句中作成分：如果从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，that在从句中作成分，是定语从句；如果从句成分完整，that仅起连接作用，是同位语从句。
主谓一致与介词搭配
主谓一致规则
核心原则
定语从句的谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致
one of + 复数名词
先行词为复数名词，从句谓语用复数
例：He is one of the students who are good at English .
the only one of + 复数名词
先行词为the only one（单数），从句谓语用单数
例：He is the only one of the students who is good at English .
介词确定方法
核心逻辑
介词由先行词的搭配、从句谓语动词的搭配或句子逻辑含义决定
1
依据从句谓语动词的固定搭配
例：He is the boy to whom I talked yesterday (talk to)
2
依据先行词的固定搭配
例：This is the city in which he was born (city与in搭配)
3
依据句子的逻辑含义
例：This is the bag in which I put my books (in the bag)
05
解题技巧
定语从句易错题解题技巧
Problem-solving Skills
关系词选择核心判断法
两步判断法
先判"成分"，再定"指代"
1
分析定语从句缺少的句子成分
· 缺主语/宾语/定语 → 用关系代词
· 缺状语 → 用关系副词
2
结合先行词指代对象锁定关系词
· 指人 → who/whom/that/whose
· 指物 → which/that/whose
易错例题
This is the park ______ we had a picnic.
分析：从句"we had a picnic"主谓宾完整，缺地点状语，先行词是表地点的park → 用where
答案：where (或in which)
"that"的专属使用场景
先行词是不定代词
something, nothing, anything, all, few等
例：All that we need is time .
先行词被序数词/最高级修饰
例：This is the first book that I read in English.
先行词被the only/the very/the same等修饰
例：He is the very man that we are looking for .
先行词既有人又有物
例：I can't forget the people and places that I visited last year.
whose vs "of which/whom"
whose表所属关系，可指代人或物
若先行词是物，也可替换为"the + 名词 + of which"或"of which + the + 名词"
易混关系词对比辨析
易混词
区别
例句
when vs that/which
when在从句中作时间状语
that/which在从句中作主语/宾语
① I remember the day when we met . (作状语)
② I remember the days that we spent together . (作宾语)
where vs that/which
where在从句中作地点状语
that/which在从句中作主语/宾语
① This is the school where I studied . (作状语)
why vs that/which
why在从句中作原因状语
that/which在从句中作主语/宾语
① The reason why he was late is clear. (作状语)
② The reason that he gave is not true. (作宾语)
核心判断技巧
判断从句是否缺少状语：如果从句主谓宾完整，通常缺少状语，用when/where/why；如果从句缺少主语或宾语，用that/which。
② This is the school that I visited . (作宾语)
06
专项练习
实战演练与答案解析
Practice & Solutions
The girl who/that is wearing a red dress is my cousin.
练习一：用合适的关系词填空
1.
2.
This is the factory where/in which my father worked 10 years ago.
3.
The book whose cover is blue is mine.
4.
I don't know the reason why/for which he left early.
5.
The pen that/which/ 不填 you gave me writes very well.
6.
He is the only student that passed the exam.
7.
My hometown, which is in the south of China, is very beautiful.
8.
I still remember the time that/which/ 不填we spent together in the countryside.
解题要点
指人
who/whom/that/whose
指物
which/that/whose
状语
when/where/why
所属
whose
练习二：选择题
1. This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read. ( )
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
2. The girl ______ we talked about just now is our monitor. ( )
A. which
B. whom
C. whose
D. where
3. He has three sisters, ______ are doctors. ( )
A. all of whom
B. all of that
C. all of which
D. all of who
4. As we all know, the earth is a planet ______ goes around the sun. ( )
A. who
B. that
C. where
D. why
5. This is the hotel ______ we stayed last summer. ( )
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. where
6. The man ______ she is married is a doctor. ( )
A. whom
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. which
练习三：句型转换与合并
句型转换
1. We visited the factory. My father used to work there.
2. This is the reason. He left school for this reason.
→ This is the reason he left school.
3. This is the bag. I put my books in the bag.
→ This is the bag I put my books.
4. He is the person. I borrowed money from him.
→ He is the person I borrowed money.
5. She is the girl. She helped me yesterday.
→ She is the girl helped me yesterday.
合并句子
1. The boy is my brother. He is playing basketball over there.
2. This is the city. I was born in this city.
3. I bought a new phone yesterday. Its price is very high.
4. The film is very interesting. We saw it last night.
→ We visited the factory my father used to work.
where/in which
why/for which
in which
from whom
who
The boy who/that is playing basketball over there is my brother.
2. This is the city where/in which I was born.
3. I bought a new phone yesterday whose price is very high.
4 The film (that/which) we saw last night is very interesting.
练习四：改错题
1. The man that you met him yesterday is my uncle.
2. This is the best film which I have seen this year.
3. He told me a story, that made me laugh.
4. The person which you talked to is my teacher.
5. He is the only one of the students who are good at English.
6. This is the house where we visited last week.
7. The man that you talked just now is our headmaster.
8. I like the book who was written by Mo Yan.
9. The reason why he gave us was not true.
10. She has a brother, that is a doctor.
that
which
whom/who
is
that/which/ 不填
to/with
that/which
that/which
who
Master Attributive Clauses
掌握定语从句
提升英语表达
Practice makes perfect!
熟能生巧!
理解规则
大量练习
总结技巧
灵活运用

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