2026年中考英语语法专题复习 (福建) 专题九 构词法 课件(共44张PPT)

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2026年中考英语语法专题复习 (福建) 专题九 构词法 课件(共44张PPT)

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(共44张PPT)
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专题九 构词法
考点一: 派生法
派生法分为后缀法和前缀法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,
加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
1. 后缀法
(1)后缀法——名词后缀
构成名词的常用后缀:
①构成表示人或物的名词的常用后缀有: -er, -or,
-ist, -(i)an, -ese, -ant等。例如:
后缀 例 子 -or/er thinker (思想家) driver (司机) doctor
(医生)
-ist tourist (游客) dentist (牙医) artist
(艺术家)
后缀 例 子 -(i)an politician (政治家) Italian (意大利人) American
(美国人)
-ese Chinese (中国人) Japanese (日本人)
-ant assistant (助手) servant (仆人)
②构成表示行为、 性质、 状态等抽象名词的常用后缀
有: -al, -tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ty, -ment,
-ness, -th, -ure等。例如:
后缀 例 子 -al arrival (到达) signal (信号) survival
(幸存)
-tion/
-sion discussion
(讨论) contribution (贡献) communication
(交流)
后缀 例 子 -ics physics (物理学) economics (经济学) politics
(政治学)
-ing building (建筑物) misunderstanding
(误会) learning
(学习, 学问)
-ty electricity
(电) ability(能力) difficulty
(困难)
后缀 例 子 -ment development
(发展) agreement (同意) treatment
(治疗)
-ness homelessness
(无家可归) illness (疾病) kindness
(善良)
后缀 例 子 -th health 健康) length(长度) growth
(成长)
-ure failure (失败) pressure(压力) pleasure
(愉快)
(2)后缀法——形容词后缀
构成形容词的常用后缀有: -able, -ible, -al, -ful,
-less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -ic, -ly, -ant, -ent, -en
等。例如:
后缀 例 子 -able/ -ible suitable (适合的) renewable (可更新的) possible
(可能的)
-al natural (天然的) national (国家的) personal
(个人的)
后缀 例 子 -ful careful (小心的) powerful (强大的) colorful
(多彩的)
-less careless (粗心的) useless (无用的) helpless
(无助的)
-ish English (英国的) foolish (愚蠢的)
后缀 例 子 -ive active (积极的) expensive (昂贵的) native
(本国的)
-ous famous (著名的) nervous (紧张不安的) delicious
(可口的)
-ic plastic (塑料的) Pacific (太平洋的) electronic
(电子的)
后缀 例 子 -ly friendly
(友好的) lively (活泼的) lovely
(可爱的)
-y thirsty (口渴的) noisy (喧闹的) healthy
(健康的)
-ent/ -ant pleasant
(令人愉快的) dependent (依赖的) different
(不同的)
-en golden (金色的) wooden (木制的) woolen
(毛纺的)
(3)后缀法——副词后缀
构成副词的常用后缀有: -ly, -ward等。例如:
后缀 例 子 -ly easily (容易地) regularly (定期地) exactly
(确切地)
-ward toward (向着) forward (前进地)
(4)后缀法——动词后缀
构成动词的常用后缀有: -ise/ize, -en, -fy等。例如:
后缀 例 子 -ise/ize realize (实现) organize (组织) advise(建议)
-fy satisfy (满足) beautify (美化)
2. 前缀法
①常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀有: un-, dis-,
in-, im-等。例如:
前缀 例 子 un- unhappy (不高兴) unfortunately
(不幸地) unhealthy
(不健康的)
dis- dislike (不喜欢) disagree (不同意) disabled
(残疾的)
前缀 例 子 im- impossible
(不可能的) impolite (不礼貌的)
in- informal (非正式的) indirect (间接的)
②常见的表示其他意思的前缀有:
前缀 意义 例 子 re- 重新, 再次 review (复习) reform
(改革)
mis- 错误的 misunderstand
(误解) mistake
(错误)
前缀 意义 例 子 pre- 预先 preview (预习) prevent
(预防)
trans- 跨越; 移 transport (运输) translate
(翻译)
super- 超级; 上层 supermarket
(超市) superman
(超人)
前缀 意义 例 子 sub- 下面的;
亚、 次 subway (地下铁道) subtitle
(副标题)
inter- 之间的, 互相 internet (互联网) international
(国际的)
考点二: 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起, 这种构词法称
为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素
构成。
1. 合成法——名词
合成词 构成 例子
合 成 名 词 n. bedroom, policeman,
spaceship, watermelon
n.+v.-ing handwriting
adj.+n. first-aid, midnight,
blackboard, greenhouse
合成词 构成 例子
合成 名词 v.-ing+n. living-room, swimming-pool
v.+n. breakfast, playground
n.+v.+-er book-seller, film-maker,
story-teller, housekeeper
prep./adv.+n. underground, upside,
afternoon
2. 合成法——形容词
合成词 构成 例子
合成 形容 词 n.+过去分词 man-made, heart-broken
n.+adj. world-famous, seasick
adj.+n. full-time, high-speed,
second-hand
合成词 构成 例子
合成 形容 词 n./adj./adv.+v.-ing peace-loving,
good-looking,
hard-working
adj./adv.+过去分词 well-known,
well-educated
3. 合成法——动词、 代词和副词
合成词 例子
合成动词 baby-sit, uplift, underline
合成代词 himself, everyone, nobody,
something, another
合成副词 however, maybe, wherever,
anywhere, otherwise
考点三: 转换法
在词形不变的情况下, 把一个单词由一种词性转换成
另一种词性, 而没有加任何词缀, 这种构词方法称为
转换法。例如:
dream n. 梦 →v. 做梦
look v. 看 →n. 相貌
back n. 后背 →v. 支持
air n. 空气 →v. 通风
better adj. 较好 →v. 改善
1. 转换法——名词转换成动词
chair(n.椅子→v.主持)
hand(n.手→v.上交)
land(n.土地→v.着陆)
cook(n.厨师→v.烹调)
order(n.命令→v.订购)
name(n.名字→v.取名)
lift(n.电梯→v.举起)
picture(n.画→v.描绘)
press(n.报刊→v.挤压)
nurse(n.护士→v.照料)
smoke(n.烟→v.吸烟)
stand(n.看台→v.站)
2. 转换法——动词转换成名词
try(v.尝试→n.尝试)
answer(v.回答→n.回答)
smile(v.微笑→n.微笑)
cry(v.哭→n.哭)
shout(v.呼喊→n.呼喊)
kiss(v.吻→n.吻)
guess(v.猜测→n.猜测)
3. 转换法——形容词转换成动词
better(adj.更好的→v.改善)
calm(adj.平静的→v.使平静)
cool (adj.凉快的→v.冷却)
spare(adj.空闲的→v.匀出)
own (adj.自己的→v.拥有)
close(adj.亲密的→v.关闭)
slow (adj.慢的→v.使放慢)
last (adj.最后的→v.持续)
4. 转换法——形容词转换成名词
cold(adj.冷的→n.感冒)
back(adj.后面的→n.背部)
quiet (adj.安静的→n.恬静)
calm (adj.平静的→n.安静)
5. 转换法——形容词转化成副词
deep(adj.深的→adv.深地)
wide(adj.宽的→adv.广泛地)
hard(adj.困难的→adv.努力地)
well(adj.健康的→adv.很好地)
Ⅰ. 选择填空。
( A )1. Canada is a(n)     country.
A. English-speaking B. speaking-English
C. spoken-English
( C )2. The soldier died for saving the child, so
his     is heavier than Mount Tai.
A. die B. dead C. death
A
C
( A )3. The child looked     at his brother
who was badly wounded.
A. sadly
B. sad
C. sadness
A
( C )4. —My teacher asked me to write a passage
about     in English.
—Writing a     passage in English is not easy.
A. 600 words; 600-words
B. 600-words; 600-word
C. 600 words; 600-word
C
( B )5. Ann felt so     that she could hardly
open her eyes.
A. asleep B. sleepy C. sleep
( B )6. The necklace(项链) that she lost is very
expensive.It’s of great    .
A. valuable B. value C. valueless
B
B
( B )7. You’d better give up smoking if you want
to keep    .
A. health B. healthy C. healthily
( C )8. It’s     to ask him to give up
smoking.He’s very stubborn(固执的).
A. possible B. possibly C. impossible
B
C
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s October the (nine). It’s my
mother’s birthday.
2. Congratulations, Tom! You are the
(win) of the match.
3. Computers and printers are now (wide) used in many companies.
ninth 
winner 
widely 
4. She was so (care) that she took my
umbrella by mistake.
5. The sun shines (bright) in the sky.
6. Miss Smith put the new dress on, and
smiled (happy).
7. I think the dictionary is (help) to your
study.
careless 
brightly 
happily 
helpful 
8. Don’t open your books. Please keep them
(close).
9. It’s (polite) to talk loudly in the
library.
10. The time is too short. It’s (possible) for Daniel to finish this work.
11. Paper catches fire (easy).
closed 
impolite 
impossible 
easily 
12. My sister is (happy) now because
she lost her money.
13. You need to be (friend) to make new
friends.
14. We had a long (discuss) about our
holiday plans yesterday.
15. He speaks Chinese very well though he is a
(Canada).
unhappy 
friendly 
discussion 
Canadian 

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