资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科动词ing形式作定语和表语学案(必修三U1 Festivals and celebrations)教学重点 · -ing 表主动、进行、事物令人……,-ed 表被动、完成、人感到……,作定语均 “单个前置,短语后置”,作表语分修饰事物 / 人。· 口诀:物令 - ing,人感 - ed;部分分词可形容词化,被动完成类 - ed 需用 well/highly 修饰。· 三类高频形容词化 - ed 为高考重点:情感、状态特征、心智态度类。教学难点 · 表情 / 眼神等抽象名词用 - ed 表流露的情感,易误选 - ing。· 被动完成类 - ed 不可用 very 修饰;结合时间状语判断分词形式。· 同一词根分词在定语 / 表语中的不同用法区分。一、核心知识点讲解(一)作定语:修饰名词/代词,表性质、状态或动作1. 现在分词(-ing)作定语- 逻辑关系:被修饰词是动作的发出者(主动关系);或表示被修饰词的性质、特征(令人……的)。- 单个分词:放于被修饰词前(如 a sleeping baby)。- 分词短语:放于被修饰词后,相当于定语从句(如 the girl standing there = the girl who is standing there)。2. 过去分词(-ed)作定语- 逻辑关系:被修饰词是动作的承受者(被动关系);或表示被修饰词的状态(已完成、受影响的)。- 位置规则:与-ing形式一致(单个放前,短语放后),如 a broken glass;the book written by Mo Yan = the book which was written by Mo Yan。3. 核心区别(一句话记忆)-ing表“主动、进行、令人……”;-ed表“被动、完成、感到……”。(二)作表语:位于系动词(be/feel/look/sound等)后,表主语的状态/性质1. 现在分词(-ing)作表语- 主语特征:多为事物(或抽象名词),表“事物具有的性质”,译为“令人……的”。- 例句:The question is confusing.2. 过去分词(-ed)作表语- 主语特征:多为人,表“人对事物的感受”,译为“感到……的”。- 例句:We felt quite confused.二、注意事项与易错点易错点:“情感类动词”的-ing与-ed辨析(高考高频)核心动词:interest/excite/amaze/bore/tire/frighten/disappoint/worry- 口诀:物令-ing,人感-ed。- 易错提醒:若主语是“表情、眼神、声音”等抽象名词,常用-ed表“流露的情感”,如 Her disappointed look /expression made us sad.注意事项:部分分词的“形容词化”有些-ing/-ed形式已完全形容词化,可被very/quite等副词修饰,如 very exciting、quite tired;但表“被动完成”的-ed(如 written/broken)不可被very修饰,需用well/highly等,如 a well-written book, a highly developed city。高考高频形容词化-ed形式分类1. 情感类(最常见)· interesting / interested: 有趣的 / 感兴趣的· disappointing / disappointed: 令人失望的 / 感到失望的· exciting / excited: 令人激动的 / 感到激动的· surprising / surprised: 令人惊讶的 / 感到惊讶的· worrying / worried: 令人担忧的 / 感到担忧的· frightening / frightened: 令人害怕的 / 感到害怕的2. 状态特征类· broken (破的)、closed (关着的)、opened (开着的)、 lost (丢失的/迷路的)、married (已婚的)、dressed (穿着...的)、faded (褪色的)、crowded (拥挤的)3. 心智态度类· determined (坚定的)、pleased (高兴的)、upset (沮丧的)、 contented (满足的)、troubled (烦恼的)一、基础填空题用所给动词的适当形式(-ing/-ed)填空。1. The ________ (cry) baby was finally calmed down by his mother.2. The bridge ________ (build) last year connects the two villages.3. We visited a factory ________ (produce) mobile phones.4. She has a lot of ________ (collect) stamps from different countries.5. The ________ (surprise) news made everyone jump with joy.6. The students ________ (invite) to the party are from Class 5.7. Do you know the boy ________ (sit) by the window 8. This is a ________ (use) dictionary,not a new one.9. The ________ (frighten) bird flew away quickly when it saw the cat.10. I like the music ________ (play) on the radio just now.二、提升填空题用所给动词的适当形式(-ing/-ed)填空。1. After the exam, the ________ (relax) students went to the park to have fun.2. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is very important.3. The lecture was so ________ (inspire) that many students decided to work harder.4. We met a group of tourists ________ (travel) around the world.5. Her ________ (satisfy) smile showed that she was happy with the result.6. The house ________ (face) the sea is my grandfather’s.7. He is a man ________ (respect) by everyone in the community.8. The film is so ________ (move) that I cried twice while watching it.9. The car ________ (park) outside the shop belongs to my uncle.10. The ________ (confuse) students asked the teacher to explain the grammar again.三、翻译题将下列句子翻译成英语,必须使用-ing或-ed形式作定语或表语。1. 那个正在读英语的女孩是我们班的班长。____________________________________________________________________________________ 这是一部令人兴奋的电影,我们都感到很兴奋。____________________________________________________________________________________被损坏的电脑需要马上修理。____________________________________________________________________________________ 他对这个无聊的讲座感到很厌烦。____________________________________________________________________________________ 墙上挂着的那幅画是我父亲画的。____________________________________________________________________________________四、高考真题精选1. (2025 新高考Ⅰ卷) The park ________ (lie) at the foot of the mountain is a popular place for tourists.2. (2024 全国甲卷) He felt ________ (encourage) by his teacher’s words and decided to try again.3. (2023 新高考Ⅱ卷) The book ________ (write) in simple English is suitable for beginners.4. (2023新高考I卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings...5. (2021 新高考Ⅰ卷) The students ________ (attend) the summer camp are from all over the country.6. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷) The paintings ________ (show) in the museum are from the Tang Dynasty.7. (2025 全国乙卷) The game was so ________ (challenge) that only a few players won.8. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) She was ________ (shock) by the sudden news of her friend’s illness.9. (2023 全国甲卷) The path ________ (lead) to the village is covered with snow in winter.10. (2022 新高考Ⅰ卷) His ________ (disappoint) expression suggested that he failed the exam.参考答案(一)基础练习题答案+详解1. crying(现在分词作定语,baby是cry的发出者,表主动、进行)2. built(过去分词作定语,bridge是build的承受者,表被动、完成,由last year可知动作已完成)3. producing(现在分词短语作定语,factory是produce的发出者,表主动)4. collected(过去分词作定语,stamps是collect的承受者,表被动,“被收集的邮票”)5. surprising(现在分词作定语,news是“令人惊讶的”,表事物的性质)6. invited(过去分词短语作定语,students是invite的承受者,表被动)7. sitting(现在分词短语作定语,boy是sit的发出者,表主动、进行)8. used(过去分词形容词化,作定语,表“用过的”,修饰dictionary)9. frightened(过去分词作定语,bird是“感到害怕的”,表主语的状态)10. played(过去分词作定语,music是play的承受者,表被动、完成,由just now可知动作已完成)(二)提升练习题答案+详解1. relaxed(过去分词作定语,students是“感到放松的”,表人的感受)2. discussed(过去分词短语作定语,problem是discuss的承受者,表被动、完成,由yesterday可知)3. inspiring(现在分词作表语,lecture是“令人鼓舞的”,表事物的性质)4. travelling(现在分词短语作定语,tourists是travel的发出者,表主动、进行)5. satisfied(过去分词作定语,smile是“流露满足情绪的”,表状态)6. facing(现在分词作定语,house是face的发出者,face为不及物动词,无被动形式)7. respected(过去分词作定语,man是respect的承受者,表被动,“被大家尊敬的人”)8. moving(现在分词作表语,film是“令人感动的”,表事物的性质)9. parked(过去分词作定语,car是park的承受者,表被动、完成,“停在商店外的车”)10. confused(过去分词作定语,students是“感到困惑的”,表人的感受)(三)翻译题答案+详解1. The girl reading English is the monitor of our class.(reading English:现在分词短语作定语,修饰girl,表主动、进行)2. This is an exciting movie, and we are all excited about it.(exciting:现在分词作定语,修饰movie,表“令人兴奋的”;excited:过去分词作表语,表“我们感到兴奋的”)3. The broken computer needs to be repaired at once.(broken:过去分词作定语,修饰computer,表“被损坏的、处于损坏状态的”)4. He felt bored with the boring lecture.(bored:过去分词作表语,表“他感到厌烦的”;boring:现在分词作定语,修饰lecture,表“令人厌烦的”)5. The picture hanging on the wall was painted by my father.(hanging on the wall:现在分词短语作定语,修饰picture,表主动、进行;painted:过去分词作谓语的一部分,此处兼顾考点,定语部分用了-ing形式)(四)高考真题专练答案+详解1. lying(2025 新高考Ⅰ卷,现在分词作定语,park是lie的发出者,lie为不及物动词,无被动形式)2. encouraged(2024 全国甲卷,过去分词作表语,he是“感到受鼓舞的”,表人的感受)3. written(2023 新高考Ⅱ卷,过去分词作定语,book是write的承受者,表被动、完成)4. recognized 作定语。修饰名词home(故乡),表示“被公认的”小笼包之乡,作前置定语。5. attending(2021 新高考Ⅰ卷,现在分词作定语,students是attend的发出者,表主动、进行)6. shown(2020 全国Ⅰ卷,过去分词作定语,paintings是show的承受者,表被动、完成)7. challenging(2025 全国乙卷,现在分词作表语,game是“具有挑战性的”,表事物的性质)8. shocked(2024 新高考Ⅱ卷,过去分词作表语,she是“感到震惊的”,表人的感受)9. leading(2023 全国甲卷,现在分词作定语,path是lead的发出者,表主动)10. disappointed(2022 新高考Ⅰ卷,过去分词作定语,expression是“流露失望情绪的”,表状态)目标导航知识精炼基础过关能力提升21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览