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(共44张PPT)
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单元主题范畴：人与社会
单元主题内容：自我管理
(2024新版)人教版 七年级(下册)
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Learning Objectives
1.能够在真实的学校走廊、教室等场景中，识别并掌握与校园规则紧密相关的词汇和短语；根据例词，梳理字母e及字母组合在单词中的发音e/ :/ /e/；ea/ ://e/；ee/ :/；ear / / /e / 的发音，听辨并准确认读单词重读的发音。（学习理解）
2.能够运用恰当的听力策略，能够根据所听内容和教材提供的信息，完成细节信息的抓取与补充，并获取、梳理对话中谈论学校规则的内容，以及句型与同伴进行角色扮演，运用祈使句和情态动词（如can, have to, must）来提醒和纠正对方的行为。（学习理解，应用实践）
3.能够以“学校规则”为主题，小组合作完成校规的海报并介绍校规，呼吁同学一起遵守校规。意识到遵循规则的重要性，并培养一种纪律性和责任感。。（迁移创新）
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Prediction
Title
Picture
+
What do you think this unit is about
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Why do we need rules
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单元主题：
单元子主题：
单元目标：
人与社会
自我管理
/ m per t vz n. /祈使句
/ m dl / adj. 情态的；语气的
/ k sple n / v. 解释；说明
遵守规则
break rules 打破规则
Look at the cover page(封面页) of this unit and think.
/v b / n. 动词
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Let’s enjoy a video and answer the questions.
What’s the song about
It’s about rules.
What kind of RULES do you know
family rules
class rules
traffic rules
school rules
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1. What school rules does the photo show
2. Do you follow rules like these
3. What do you think about them
red scarf
uniform
Raise your hand before answering the question.
Wear school uniforms and the red scarf.
Listen to the teacher carefully.
I think these rules are useful / important/...
We must follow the rules.
They help me become a better person.
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Let’s enjoy another video and answer the questions.
1.What’s the video about
2.What rules are they breaking
School Rules.
Don’t run in the hallways.
Don’t eat in the classroom.
Don’t listen to music in class.
You must eat
in the dining
hall.
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Let’s talk about school rules.
A: Can you arrive late for school
B: No, we can’t. We must be on time.
上课迟到=be late for class
必须
A: Can you use your phone in class
在课堂上
B: No, we can’t.
We can’t use the phone in class.
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A: Can you wear your own jacket in school
B: No, we can’t.
We have to wear the uniform.
必须；不得不
Let’s talk about school rules.
A: Can you litter
B: No, we can’t.
We can’t litter.
保持干净和整洁…
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Let’s talk about school rules.
A: Should you put up your hands if you want to ask your teacher a question
B:Yes, we should.
A:Should you be polite and treat everyone with respect
B: Yes, we should.
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How to express rules
1.祈使句 Do sth. 否定 don’t do sth.;
2.must +v原 ,表示“必须”; mustn’t 表示“禁止”;
3.have to +v原 ,表示“不得不，必须”；
We have to wear the uniform.
4.can +v原 ,表示“允许”，can’t 表示“不允许”
We can eat in the dining hall.
We can’t use the phone in class.
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Group work
A: Can we run in the hallways
B: No, we can’t.
We can’t run in the hallways.
C: Don’t run in the hallways.
Make a conversation in groups.(A、B问与答，C总结规则)
Sorry!
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祈使句
肯定句：动词原形+其他。
否定句：Don’t+动词原形+其他
Can we be late for school
No, we can’t.
Can we ……
……
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Don’t talk!
Don’t use your phone!
Don’t litter!
Don’t run!
Don’t smoke!
Don’t take photos!
What do these signs mean
No talking!
No phones!
No littering
No running!
No smoking!
No photos!
In many places, we use signs to show our rules.
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What happened to Mary, Sally and Tony in the conversation
What do the signs mean
Who are breaking these rules
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run
hallways
school
the uniform
litter
clean and tidy
Predict the answers according to the context(上下文).
How can we talk about rule
Sb. can’t do…
Sb. mustn’t do…
Sb. has to do…
Sb. must do…
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Listen again and complete the conversation.
Ms Brown: Mary, slow down! ________ run in the hallway, please.
Mary: 　 I’m sorry! I don’t want to be late.
Ms Brown: Sally, you know the rules. You ________ only wear the uniform at school. You _______ wear that jacket here.
Sally: 　　 Sorry, Ms Brown.
Ms Brown: Why is there a bottle here
Tony: 　 Oh! Sorry, Ms Brown. Sorry.
Ms Brown: Tony, you know you _______ litter. We ________ keep the school clean and tidy.
Tony: 　 Yes, Ms Brown.
Don’t
can
mustn’t
have to
can’t
Are they polite to the teacher Why do you think so
Yes, they say “Sorry” to the teacher.
If we break the rules, what should we do
□ say sorry □ follow the rules
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1. Why does Mary run in the hallway
2. Why do students have to wear the uniform at school
3. How does Ms Brown tell them they break the rules
4. How do students give her response
5. What do you think of Ms Brown and her students
6. If your teacher tells you that you break the rules, what will you say How will you talk to your teacher
slow down 慢下来
The teacher speaks politely. Students realized their mistakes and they are also polite.
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Don’t+V原 祈使句
can’t+V原 表示“不允许”。
mustn’t+V原 表示“禁止”。
have to+V原 表示“不得不;必须”
can+V原 表示“允许”。
Mary can’t run in the hallway.
Sally has to wear the uniform.
Sally mustn’t wear her own jacket at school.
Tony can’t litter.
We must keep the school
clean and tidy.
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Student A is Ms Brown. The other students are breaking the rules.
Please act out the conversation in groups.
Ms Brown: Mary, slow down! Don’t run in the hallway, please.
Mary: I’m sorry! I don’t want to be late.
Ms Brown: Sally, you know the rules. You can only wear the uniform at school. You can’t wear that jacket here.
Sally: Sorry, Ms Brown.
Ms Brown: Why is there a bottle here
Tony: Oh! Sorry, Ms Brown. Sorry.
Ms Brown: Tony, you know you mustn’t litter. We have to keep the school clean and tidy.
Tony: Yes, Ms Brown.
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Who is the speaker
Ms Brown
What’s the notice
about
It’s about school rules.
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Listen to the second part of the recording again and fill in the blanks.
Ms Brown: Good morning, students. This morning I had to tell some students to the school rules. Please remember them, everyone! Walk . Don’t run! You have to . You mustn’t wear other clothes to school instead. Don’t litter. Make sure to _. And most importantly, we must and treat everyone with . If we follow these rules, we can have a happy and safe school! Thank you.
follow
in the hallway
wear the uniform
keep the school tidy
be polite
respect
最重要的是
It’s very important to
follow the rules.
遵守规则
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(1) Why does Ms Brown make the announcement (公告)
(2) Why does everyone have to do so
To remind students to follow the school rules.
If we follow the rules, we can have a happy and safe school!
tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
mustn’t do 禁止做某事
make sure to do 确定做某事
treat sb. with respect尊重某人
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Find the rules in the announcement.
Good morning, students. This morning I had to tell some students to follow the school rules. Please remember them, everyone! Walk in the hallway. Don’t run! You have to wear the uniform. You mustn’t wear other clothes to school instead. Don’t litter. Make sure to keep the school tidy. And most importantly, we must be polite and treat everyone with respect. If we follow these rules, we can have a happy and safe school! Thank you.
Mary
Tony
Sally
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Don’t + 动词原形…
Do+ 动词原形…
Be+ adj.
Don’t be +adj.
You can…
You can’t…
You have to…
You must…
You mustn’t…
No+名词/动词-ing.
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Can Mary run in
the hallway
No, she can’t. She has
to walk in the hallway.
Can XX ....
Yes, he/she can.No, he/she can’t. He/She has to/ must… .
be polite
put up your hand
on time
key words
run
wear
litter
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We learned different ways to talk about school rules.
What are they Can you think of more school rules
1. Do型祈使句
2. Be型祈使句
Don’t+V.原
Sb. can’t do…
Sb. mustn’t do…
Sb. must do…
Sb. have to do…
We can’t write or draw on the wall/desks.
Don’t play with chalk.
We can’t chew gum in class.
Don’t put on
makeup.
We can’t bring phones to school.
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What class rules do you have Please discuss in groups and make a list.
Our Class Rules
1. Don’t+v. 原-句型;
2. V.原-句型；
3. Be-句型;
4. ... must / have to ...
5. ... can’t / mustn’t ...
1. Do you like the rules
2. Which rule do you think is the best/worst
3. Do we need rules Why
We need rules for order and safety.
They keep us fair and tell us what to do.
Without rules, life would be messy and hard.
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Most rules tell us we can’t do this or we can’t do that. So do you like rules Why do schools make the rules
The school makes rules to_____us.
We must _______ the rules.
help
follow
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BIG
Question
Why do we need rules
●We need rules for order and safety.
●They keep us fair and tell us what to do.
●Without rules, life would be messy and hard.
Rules are important and necessary in our life. If we follow the rules, we can have a happy and safe life!
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he, we
get, when
team, eat
bread, already
breakfast
green, see
street
fear
hear
clear
wear
开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾，或者以“元音字母+辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e”结尾
重读闭音节：一个元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母 结尾，且是重读音节
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e 在重读开音节中,通常发/i:/ he me these we
在重读闭音节中,通常发/e/ lend let sell bed
ea 通常发/i:/或/e/,特殊情况下也可发/ / /i:/ tea sea beach please speak
/e/ head bread weather healthy sweater
/ / theatre idea
ee 通常发/i:/ beef feed meet free fifteen seem
ear 通常发/ / near clear dear hear
在bpw后面时,也可发/e / bear pear wear
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元音字母 e 读音
元音字母 e 组合ea 读音
元音字母 e 组合ee 读音
元音字母 e 组合ear 读音
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pet
bed
head
ready
she, these
please, speak
tree, sleep
dear
ear
bear
pear
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在句子中，有的单词重读，有的不重读，那些比较重要的词保留着重读，这些重读音就叫句子重音。
一般情况下，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等在句中要重读，如介词、冠词、连词、人称代词、情态动词肯定式等不重读，这样就形成了以句子为单位的词的轻重交替。英语句子按“词的相对重要性”形成“句子重音”。
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名词 “She gave me a beautiful flower.”中，“flower”突出重要性。
动词 “He loves chocolate.”中，“loves”是重读词，它表明了主语的行为。
形容词/副词 “He spoke loudly.”中，“loudly”作为副词，强调了说话的方式。
对比或强调的词 “I prefer coffee to tea.”中，“prefer”和“to”重读，表明对比。
疑问词 “When will you arrive ”中，“When”重读，因为它询问了时间信息。
Information words are usualy stressed:
nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
一般来说，句子中传达重要意义的实词常常重读。重读时，单词的音会发得更高、更长和更响亮。
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重音的作用
1. 突出重要信息。在交流中，我们常常需要强调某些关键内容，而重读就是实现这一目的的有效手段。
2. 体现语义焦点。句子的语义焦点可能因语境和说话者意图而不同，重读能够将焦点呈现出来。
e.g. She gave the book to 'John. (强调接收者是 “John”)
She gave the 'book to John. (强调给予的物品是 “book”)
3. 增强句子的节奏感和韵律感。合理的重音分布能够让句子听起来更有节奏和韵律，就像音乐中的节拍一样。
e.g. The 'rain in 'Spain 'stays 'mainly in the 'plain. (此句中 “rain”“Spain”“stays”“mainly”“plain” 的重读，使得句子具有独特的韵律节奏。)
4. 表达情感和态度。重读可以传达说话者各种各样的情感和态度。
e.g. You are 'completely 'wrong. (“completely wrong” 被重读时，表达说话者坚决反对对方观点的态度。)
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1. 在英语句子中，以下单词通常需要重读：
2. 逻辑重音
在英语句子中，逻辑重音是说话者为了强调某个词或短语而给予的特别强调。
逻辑重音可以根据说话者的意图和情境灵活变化，用于传达特定的信息或情感。
逻辑重音的位置不是固定的，而是根据语境和说话者的意图来决定。
英语的重音规则并不是固定不变的，它们会根据语境、说话人的意图以及句子中的信息结构而变化。
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一、按要求写出正确的单词、词组或句子。
遵守规则 (短语) __________ 2. 秩序 (名词) ___________
3. 迟到(短语) __________ 4. 到达(动词) __________
5. 准时(短语) __________ 6. 穿校服 (短语) __________
7. 扔垃圾（动词）__________ 8. 对某人有礼貌（短语）___________
9. 尊重地对待每个人。 ___________________________
10. 在这里你不能穿这件夹克衫。 _______________________
11. 我不得不遵守规则。___________________
12. 最重要的是，我们一定要礼貌。
________________________________________
follow rules
order
late for
arrive
on time
wear a uniform
litter
be polite to sb
Treat everyone with respect.
You can’t weat the jacket here.
We have to follow the rules.
Most importantly, we must be polite.
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1. 骑自行车时你必须遵守交通规则。
You must ______ ____ _____ _____ when riding a bike.
2. 经常说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。
It is ______ to say “thank you” very often.
二、完成句子，每空一词
follow the traffic rules
polite
三、按要求完成下面小题
1. You can’t turn right here. （改为祈使句）
________________________________
2. Can we wear our own jackets （作肯定回答）
________________________________
Don’t turn right here.
Yes, we can.
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谢谢
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Unit 2 Section A 1a-Pronunciation 语言点精讲精练
I．语言点精讲
1.What rules do we follow
(1) rule cn. 规则;规章
break a rule 违反规则 follow the rules 遵守规则
make the rules 制定规则 traffic rules 交通规则
family rules 家规 school rules 校规
the rule(s) of... ...的规则
例句: 1)你在家有许多规则吗 Do you have many rules at home
2)每个人都应该遵守班规. Everyone should follow class rules.
(2) follow vt.
①遵守;遵循
例句:我们应该遵守交通规则. We should follow the traffic rules.
(2) 跟随 此时,follow含有 “在...后”之意,其后不用再加behind.
例句: 跟我来,我将带你们参观我们的学校.
Follow me, I’ll show you around our school.
2. Don’t be late for school.上学不要迟到.
be late for 迟到 与arrive late for同义.
区别: be late for侧重状态, arrive late for侧重动作.
例句:下次不要迟到了.Don’t be late next time.
我上学从不迟到.I’m never late for school.
3. Arrive on time.按时到校.
(1) arrive vi. 到达
常用结构: arrive in+大地方(城市;国家等) arrive at+小地方(车站;酒店等)
arrive here/there/home(地点副词前不要介词)
例句:今天下午我们能够达到北京. We can arrive in Beijing this afternoon.
补充: get to+地点名词
get+here/there/home(地点副词前不要介词)
例句:他们通常在11点到家.They usually arrive/get home at 11:00.
我每天上午七点到达学校. I arrive at/get to school at 11:00 every morning.
(2) on time 准时
例句:上学不要迟到,请准时到校.
Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.
辨析:on time “准时”,指某事按照规定或指定的时间发生.
in time “及时”,指不迟到或接近规定的时间做某事.
我们准时在学校门口会面。We meet at the school gate on time.
警察及时赶到了。The police arrived in time.
Don’t litter.不要乱扔垃圾.
litter
①v. 乱扔
例句:不要在公园里乱扔垃圾. Don’t litter in parks.(不及物动词)
不要到处扔纸. Don’t litter paper everywhere.
②n. 垃圾;废弃物
例句: 现在公共场所没有很多垃圾了.
There is not much litter in public places now.
Keep your school clean and tidy. 保持学校干净整洁。
keep v. (过去式kept)
①保持
keep+宾语+宾语补足语 “使...保持某种状态”。宾语补足语可以是形容词,副词,动词-ing形式或介词短语等.
例句:我必须保持我的卧室干净. I must keep my bedroom clean.
②保留(后可接时间段)
例句:你可以借用这本书两周. You can keep the book for two weeks.
③遵守(与follow同义)
例句:大家必须遵守规则.Everyone must keep the rules.
④存放;储存
例句:你把包放哪儿了 Where do you keep the bag
拓展:keep还可以作系动词,意为 “保持”.后跟形容词作表语.
例句:在图书馆,我们必须保持安静. We must keep quiet in the library.
6.Be polite and treat everyone with respect.要有礼貌,尊重每一个人.
(1) polite adj.有礼貌的
be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌
例句:他总是很有礼貌.He is always very polite.
我们应该对陌生人有礼貌.We should be polite to strangers.
(2) treat
①vt. 对待;看待(后接名词或代词作宾语)
treat sb like/as... 把某人当作...看待
例句:我的寄宿家庭待我很好. My host family treated me well.
妈妈总是把我当小孩看待. Mum always treats me as a child.
②vt. 治疗;招待;请(客)
treat sb to sth 请某人吃某物
例句:没有人知道如何治疗这种疾病. No one knows how to treat this disease.
她请我吃午饭. She treats me to lunch.
③n. 款待
例句:咱们到外面去吃饭吧-我请客. Let’s go out for dinner-my treat.
(3) respect
①n. 尊敬;敬意 show respect for... 对...表示尊敬
例句:我们应该对老人表示尊敬. We should show respect for the old.
学生非常尊敬他们的老师. The students have great respect for their teachers.
②vt. 尊敬;尊重
例句:学生应该尊敬他们的老师. Students should respect their teachers.
我尊重你的愿望. I respect your wishes.
Sally mustn’t wear her own jacket at school.
own ①adj. 自己的(常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词一起使用,加强语气.)
例句:1.那是他自己的主意. That’s his own idea.
②v. 拥有
例句:这辆汽车是我的,我拥有它. This car is mine. I own it.
拓展: owner cn. 物主;主人
例句:这家餐馆的主人很友好. The owner of the restaurant is very friendly.
II．语言点精练
一、单词填空。根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。
1．We mustn’t l in the classroom. We should keep it clean.
2．Students have to a at school on time. Being late is not allowed.
3．Don’t r in the hallways. It’s dangerous and may cause accidents.
4．We should be p and treat everyone with respect.
5．We should f the school rules. They are good for us.
6．Don’t wear strange clothes. We have to wear the school u on weekday
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Tom has to (wear) the school uniform every day.
2．We should keep our school clean and tidy. Don’t (litter).
3．You must (put) up your hand if you want to answer the question.
4．You mustn’t talk loudly. You should talk (quiet) in public places.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 保持学校干净整洁。
______ your school clean ______ tidy.
2. 尊重每一个人。
Treat everyone ______ ______.
3. 在学校玛丽禁止穿自己的夹克衫。
Mary ______ ______ her own jacket at school
4. 我不想这样做，但不得不这样做。
I don’t want to do but I ______ ______.
5. 我们必须尊重每一个人。
We______ treat everyone ______ ______.
单项选择
1．________ the window! It’s so cold today.
A．Not open B．Don’t open C．Open D．Don’t to open
2．______ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Keeps
3．Put your hand up ________ you know the answer.
A．if B．until C．before D．because
4．The English test is very important, so we must be .
A．in danger B．on vacation C．on time D．in class
5．My parents taught me proper manners when I was a little child, so I’m always very _______.
A．lively B．active C．polite D．humorous
6．—Hi, Bill! What is an important rule in the library
—We ________ be quiet.
A．have to B．can C．may D．mustn’t
五、完形填空
Every school has rules for students to follow. 1 , some students may see the rules as a way which teachers control them. Sometimes, they’re unhappy and even feel 2 . Well, if you think your life is hard, you might think about the students in ancient times. For some of them, life was really hard.
In the old days, people believed that teachers had to be very 3 . Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children when their children didn’t do what they were 4 to do. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher.
In fact, following school rules can be very important. For example, running in the hallways could cause a student to 5 . It may hurt himself or another person. Following the rules can also help the students in the classroom to learn 6 difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students to raise their hands before 7 . If someone speaks out of turn, other students might not be able to hear the teacher 8 . School rules can help students prepare for their own futures as well. When they 9 and go out on their own, they’ll soon find that they still need to follow rules.
Rules make the world much better. If there are no rules, life 10 meaningless and in disorder.
1．A．But B．Although C．However D．So
2．A．tired B．angry C．excited D．good
3．A．kind B．clever C．strict D．careful
4．A．told B．heard C．invited D．watched
5．A．come out B．fall over C．move on D．pass by
6．A．about B．from C．without D．in
7．A．spoken B．to speak C．speaking D．speak
8．A．clearly B．luckily C．quickly D．politely
9．A．hurry up B．look up C．grow up D．dress up
10．A．is B．was C．will be D．will
六、五选五。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jack has a happy family. 1
Keep healthy
2 Jack’s family play sports for one hour every day. Jack likes playing basketball, so he joins the school basketball club. And his parents run every morning.
3 They can’t watch TV or play computer games after dinner. The family usually sit on the sofa and talk. 4 Sometimes they take a walk together.
Always say “I love you” and “Thank you”
Jack says “I love you” to his parents in the morning before he goes to school, and in the evening before he goes to bed. 5 When Jack helps his mother, she says “Thank you”. They show their love and thanks all the time.
A．Being healthy is important.
B．Jack always talks about his school and friends.
C．There are some rules in his family.
D．His parents say it to him, too.
E．Evening time is family time.
七、短文填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure (冒险). It’s hard to find your way in the space full 1 people. People run quickly to get a seat. And be 2 (care) of that girl who is holding a cup of hot coffee.
To deal with these problems, all 3 (country) have made rules for subways to follow. The most common one is no eating 4 drinking on the subway. Many cities in the world have this rule.
New York City has asked passengers 5 (take) off the backpacks on the subway. Also, passengers are told not to open 6 (they) legs wide enough to take up two or even three seats.
There are some 7 (interest) rules, too. France 8 (suggest) that passengers shouldn’t play music too loud through headphones or stare (盯着) at women for 9 long time. New Delhi, the capital of India stops drunk people from 110 (take) the subway.
Whether your city has the same rules or not, it’s always good to behave (举止) well on the subways.
八、阅读理解
Rules are everywhere in our lives. At school, we have many rules. We must arrive at school on time. We can’t run in the hallways. We should be polite to teachers and classmates. These rules help us have a good study environment.
At home, we also have rules. We should help our parents do some housework. We need to be respectful to our family members. For example, we should listen to our parents when they talk to us. We can’t stay up too late at night.
In public places, there are rules too. In the library, we must keep quiet. We can’t talk loudly or eat food. When we take a bus, we should wait in line and give our seats to the old and the disabled.
Rules are important. They make our lives in order. Without rules, everything will be a mess. We should follow the rules not only for others but also for ourselves.
1．This passage is most probably taken from ______.
A．a storybook B．a science report C．a school magazine D．a travel guide
2．According to the passage, which of the following is a rule at school
A．Running in the hallways. B．Being late for school.
C．Being polite to teachers. D．Eating in the classroom.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．Rules are only for students. B．People don’t need rules at home.
C．Rules make our lives better. D．We can break rules sometimes.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Rules are important in different places. B．We should make more rules.
C．Students should follow school rules. D．Rules are strict.
II. 语言点精练参考答案
一、单词填空。
【答案】1．litter 2．arrive 3．run 4．polite 5.follow 6．uniforms
1. 【解析】句意：我们不能在教室里乱扔垃圾。我们应该保持教室干净。空处位于 “mustn’t” 后，填动词原形。根据 “We should keep it clean.” 和首字母提示可知，此处指为了保持教室干净，我们不能乱扔垃圾。litter“乱扔垃圾”。故填litter。
2．【解析】句意：学生必须按时到校。不允许迟到。根据“Being late is not allowed.”可知，学生需要按时到校，此处应填表示“到达”的动词。结合句子结构 “have to” 后接动词原形，且主语“students”是复数形式，故填arrive。
3．【解析】句意：不要在走廊里奔跑。这很危险，可能会导致事故。根据“It’s dangerous and may cause accidents.”和首字母提示可知，在走廊里不能奔跑，run“奔跑”，本句为否定祈使句，Don’t后接动词原形。故填(r)un。
4. 【解析】句意：我们应该有礼貌，并且尊重每个人。空处位于“be”后，修饰“We”，填形容词作表语。根据 “treat everyone with respect” 和首字母提示可知，此处指要礼貌对待每个人。polite “礼貌的”，形容词。故填polite。
5．【解析】句意：我们应该遵守校规。它们对我们有好处。情态动词后接动词原形，根据“They are good for us”及首字母“f”，可知此处表达“遵守校规”，对应动词遵守 “follow”。故填follow。
6．【解析】句意：不要穿奇怪的衣服。我们工作日必须穿校服。根据“Don’t wear strange clothes”以及首字母提示可知，此处说的是要穿校服，uniform表示“校服”，此处用复数形式uniforms表示一类事物。故填uniforms。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
【答案】 1．wear 2．litter 3．put 4．quietly
1．【解析】句意：汤姆每天都不得不穿校服。have to do sth“不得不做某事”，空处填动词原形。wear“穿”，动词。故填wear。
2．【解析】句意：我们应该保持我们的校园干净整洁。不要乱扔垃圾。空处位于“Don’t”后，填动词原形，此句为祈使句的否定形式。litter “乱扔垃圾”，动词。故填litter。
3．【解析】句意：如果你想回答问题，你必须举手。空处位于情态动词 “must” 后，填动词原形。put“放”，动词。故填put。
4.【解析】句意：你不许大声说话。在公共场所你应该轻声交谈。quiet是形容词，意为“安静的”。此处需要用副词来修饰动词talk，quiet的副词形式是quietly。故选quietly。
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
【答案】1. Keep; and；2. with respect；3. mustn’t wear；4. have to；5.must; with respect
四、单项填空。
1．________ the window! It’s so cold today.
A．Not open B．Don’t open C．Open D．Don’t to open
【答案】B
【详解】句意：不要打开窗户，今天太冷了。根据“It is so cold”可知是否定句不要开窗户。否定祈使句是Don’t+动词原形，意为“不要做某事”。故选B。
2．______ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Keeps
【答案】A
【详解】句意：请保持安静。你在图书馆。
考查祈使句。根据“You are in the library.”可知，在图书馆要保持安静，此处是祈使句的肯定形式，动词用原形。故选A。
3．Put your hand up ________ you know the answer.
A．if B．until C．before D．because
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果你知道答案，请举手。
考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；before以前；because因为。根据“you know the answer.”可知，后句是前句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。
4．The English test is very important, so we must be .
A．in danger B．on vacation C．on time D．in class
【答案】C
【详解】句意：英语考试非常重要，所以我们必须准时。
考查介词短语辨析。in danger处于危险中；on vacation在度假中；on time准时；in class在课堂上。结合选项和“The English test is very important”可知，此处表示由于英语考试非常重要，所以我们必须准时。故选C。
5．My parents taught me proper manners when I was a little child, so I’m always very _______.
A．lively B．active C．polite D．humorous
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我小时候父母教我正确的举止，所以我总是很有礼貌。
考查形容词辨析。lively活泼的；active积极的；polite有礼貌的；humorous幽默的。根据“My parents taught me proper manners when I was a little child,”可推测由于父母的教育，作者很有礼貌，故选C。
6．—Hi, Bill! What is an important rule in the library
—We ________ be quiet.
A．have to B．can C．may D．mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——嗨，比尔！图书馆里的一条重要规则是什么？——我们必须保持安静。
考查情态动词辨析。have to必须，不得不；can会，能够；may可以；mustn’t禁止。根据“We...be quiet.”可知，图书馆里必须保持安静。故选A。
五、完形填空
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了学校规则存在的意义，作者认为规则让世界变得更好。
1．句意：然而，一些学生可能认为这些规定是教师控制他们的方式。
But但是；Although尽管；However然而；So因此。此处句意出现转折，且空后有逗号，用However。故选C。
2．句意：有时，他们不开心，甚至感到愤怒。
tired劳累的；angry生气的；excited兴奋的；good好的。根据“they’re unhappy and even feel…”可知这里应是不好的情绪。故选B。
3．句意：在过去，人们认为老师必须非常严格。
kind宽容的；clever聪明的；strict严格的；careful仔细的。根据下文“Often, the stricter a teacher was, the more parents thought he or she was a good teacher.”可知人们认为老师需要很严格。故选C。
4．句意：父母并不介意老师惩罚他们的孩子，如果他们的孩子没有按照他们被告知的那样去做的话。
told告诉；heard听到；invited邀请；watched观看。根据“Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children”可知当孩子们不按要求做时，家长们不在乎老师是否惩罚他们，be told to do sth.意为“被告知做某事”。故选A。
5．句意：例如，在走廊上奔跑可能会导致学生摔倒。
come out出来；fall over摔倒；move on前进；pass by经过。根据“running in the hallways”和下文“It may hurt himself or another person.”可知在走廊上跑可能会摔倒。故选B。
6．句意：遵循这些规则也可以帮助学生在课堂上毫无困难地学习。
about关于；from来自；without没有；in在……里面。结合上文不遵守制度带来的不便可知遵守规则可以帮助学生在教室里毫不费力地学习，without difficulty意为“毫不费力地”。故选C。
7．句意：在课堂上，老师可能会要求学生在说话之前举手。
spoken说话，为speak的过去分词；to speak为动词不定式；speaking为speak的动名词或现在分词形式；speak为动词原形。介词before后接动名词作宾语。故选C。
8．句意：如果有人不按顺序说话，其他学生可能听不清楚老师的话。
clearly清楚地；luckily幸运地；quickly迅速地；politely礼貌地。根据“If someone speaks out of turn”可知会导致其他学生听不清老师讲话。故选A。
9．句意：当他们长大并独立生活时，他们很快就会发现他们仍然需要遵守规则。
hurry up快点；look up查阅；grow up长大；dress up打扮。根据“go out on their own”可知是当他们长大后。故选C。
10．句意：如果没有规则，生活将会变得毫无意义且混乱不堪。
is一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；was一般过去时的第一人称和第三人称单数形式；will be一般将来时；will将。句中缺少谓语，if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句应用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”，此处应用will be。故选C。
六、五选五
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文讲述了杰克的家庭规则。
1．根据“Keep healthy”以及“Always say ‘I love you’ and ‘Thank you’”可知后文介绍的是他的家庭规则。选项C“他家里有一些规矩。”符合，故选C。
2．根据上文“Keep healthy”可知此处讲述的是保持健康，故要强调保持健康的重要性，选项A“健康很重要。”符合语境，故选A。
3．根据下文“They can’t watch TV or play computer games after dinner. The family usually sit on the sofa...”可知，杰克一家晚上为集体活动，选项E“晚上是家庭时间。”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据前文“The family usually sit on the sofa and talk.”可知，杰克一家晚饭后一起聊天，故此处为聊天内容，选项B“杰克总是谈论他的学校和朋友。”符合语境，故选B。
5．根据前文“Jack says ‘I love you’ to his parents in the morning before he goes to school, and in the evening before he goes to bed.”可知，此处说的是互相表达爱意和感激之情，选项D“他的父母也对他这样说。”符合语境，故选D。
七、短文填空
【答案】
1．of 2．careful 3．countries 4．or 5．to take 6．their 7．interesting 8．suggests 9．a 10．taking
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了不同国家的一些乘坐地铁的规则。
1．句意：在人山人海的空间里很难找到路。根据“full”可知，考查full of“充满”，为固定短语。故填of。
2．句意：小心那个拿着热咖啡的女孩。根据“be…of”可知，考查be careful of“小心……”，为形容词短语。故填careful。
3．句意：为了解决这些问题，所有国家都制定了地铁规则。根据“have made”可知，主语是复数，country“国家”，填复数形式，all countries表示“所有国家”，故填countries。
4．句意：最常见的是在地铁上不准吃或者喝。no eating or drinking “禁止饮食”，设空处前后为选择关系，此处用 “or” 表示选择。 故填or。
5．句意：纽约市已要求乘客在地铁上脱下背包。take off“脱下”，根据“New York City has asked passengers”可知，考查ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，因此填不定式。故填to take。
6．句意：此外，乘客们被告知不要把腿张大到足以占据两个甚至三个座位的程度。根据“passengers are told not to open…legs wide enough”可知，此处指的是乘客们的腿，即“他们的”腿，填形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，修饰名词legs。 故填their。
7．句意：也有一些有趣的规则。修饰名词“rules” 需要用形容词interesting“有趣的”，作定语。 故填interesting。
8是一般现在时，主语是“France”，因此动词填三单形式。故填suggests。
9．句意：法国建议乘客不要戴耳机大声播放音乐，也不要长时间盯着女性看。for a long time“一长段时间”，为固定表达。故填a。
10．句意：印度首都新德里禁止醉酒者乘坐地铁。take the subway“乘坐地铁”，根据“the capital of India stops drunk people from”可知，考查stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事” ，因此填动名词，故填taking。
八、阅读理解
[答案] 1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文主要介绍了生活中的常见规则，以及规则的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据“Rules are everywhere in our lives. At school, we have many rules. We must arrive at school on time.”可以推测，本文的受众是学生，因此能在校园杂志上读到。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“We should be polite to teachers and classmates.”可知，在学校要对老师和同学有礼貌。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“Rules are important. They make our lives in order.”可知，规则使我们的生活更有秩序，由此可推断规则使我们的生活更美好。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Rules are everywhere in our lives.”和“Rules are important.”可知，本文主要介绍了生活中的常见规则，以及规则的重要性。故选A。
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