资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
Using language
Non-defining attributive clauses
Learning objectives
1. Recognize the form, function of non-defining attributive clauses by observing and analyzing.
2. Conclude the differences between non-defining and defining attributive clauses by analyzing and summarizing.
3. Use non-defining attributive clauses.
Baby won’t you tell me why there is sadness in your eyes
I don’t wanna say goodbye to you
Love is one big illusion ___________I should try to forget
but there is something left in my head
You're the one ___________ set it up now you're the one to make it stop
I'm the one ______________ is feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing _____ you said
but there is something left in my head
I won't forget the way _______________you're kissing
The feelings so strong were lasting for so long
But I'm not the man____________________ your heart is missing
That’s why you go away I know!
Listen to a song and fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.
(that/which)
That's why you go away
who/that
who/that
(that)
(that/in which)
(whom/who/that)
Activity 1 Lead-in
Michael Learns to Rock
I’m a brown bear.
定语的定义
brown
定语
定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的成分。
定义
定语从句
先行词+引导词+从句
Nancy is a girl that is smiling.
1. 先行词
被修饰的名词或者代词。
2. 引导词=关系词
(1)种类
关系代词
关系副词
(2)作用
引导定语从句
在从句中作成分
指代先行词
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
地点 地点状语
时间 时间状语
原因 原因状语
where
when
why
先行词 关系代词 句中成分
人/物 主语/宾语
物 主语/宾语
人 主语/宾语
人 宾语
人/物 定语
that
who
which
whom
whoes
关系代词&关系副词
定语从句解题关键：
根据先行词和定语从句中所缺成分来判断关系词。
做限制性定语从句的思路
1.划分主从句
2.找出先行词
3.补全从句
判断是否缺少主干成分
是
否
缺主语：指人 Who/that
指物 which/that
充当定语：指人/物 whose
缺宾语：
指人 Who/that/whom/不填
指物 which/that/不填
充当状语：when/where/why
Have
a try
God help those people.
Those people help themselves.
找
判
替
连
人
who/that
God help those people who/that help themselves.
特色面具
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
The boy __________ is handsome is Brown.
who
特色面具
All the children like the teacher with ___________
Mr. Green work.
who
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
特色面具
I have a friend__________ name is Liu Mei.
whoes
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
定语从句
THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
CHAPTER 2
定从的分类
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
我们一样吗？
我们不一样~
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
1. What do “where” , “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
2. Which sentences contain a clause with essential information（必要信息） and which with extra information（补充信息） If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense
extra information;
make sense
essential information;
not complete
Look at the sentences and answer questions.
3 Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information
extra information;
非限制性定语从句
关系代词 关系副词
限制性 人：that, who, whom 时间：when
物：which, as 地点：where
原因：why
所属：whose
非限制性 人：who, whom 时间：when
物：which, as 地点：where
所属：whose 原因：for which
是对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，去掉此句不会影响主句意思的完整性。
概述
关系词
总结：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
名词 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
分类 标准 与先行词关系紧密 与先行词或主句关系不紧密
作用 修饰或限制先行词 对先行词起限定作用。 对先行词或主句
作附加的补充、说明作用。
能否 省略 不可省略， 否则原句意思不完整。 若省略，原句仍然成立。
省略对原句的意义不影响。
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开。 用逗号与主句隔开。
先行词 名词或代词 名词、代词、短语、句子
关系词 A.作宾语时可省略。 B.可用that, why C.可用who代替whom A.作宾语时不可省略
B.不用that, why
C.不用who代替whom
翻译 译为先行词的定语， “……的”。 译为两个半句，即并列句。
特殊情况： as
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
He is not the same man as he was.
思考：
as是哪一类关系词？
这类句子有什么特点？
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
He is not the same man as he was.
1. as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the same… as…，such… as…，so… as… 结构中。as在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
特殊情况：as
特殊情况： as
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He’s from the south, as is mentioned above.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
非限制性定语从句
众所周知
正如上面所提到的
你知道的
as常与从句中的know/see/hear/expect等动词连用
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is expected
特殊情况： as
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known to all, smoking is harmful to our health.
= Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to all.
= Smoking, as is known to all, is harmful to our health.
比较：
Smoking is harmful to our health, which is known to all.
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
翻译 正如、就像……那样 这，这一点
① is reported, the pop star will come to Xiushui next month.
②The pop star will come to Xiushui next month, is reported.
③It was the fourth time that he had got first prize, surprised all of us.
④He published so many books, some of are still popular.
⑤Look! He wears the same kind of shoes you do.
As
as
which
which
as
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
As or Which？
as常见搭配
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
练习册【对点练】
（选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____Rachel Carson says in"A Fable for Tomorrow".
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, ______made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, ___ is often the case in science.
④____ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
as
which
As
as
练习一：关系词的选用：一看成分，二看指代
The professor ________ visited our school yesterday afternoon is from Pakistan.
The man ___________________ I talked to just now is Mr. Shao.
These are the trees__________ were planted last year.
The radio ___________ he is using is made in China.
A plane is a machine ____ can fly.
He has come to the point _________ his decision may influence his whole life.
who
whom/who/不填
which
which/不填
that
where
思考：什么情况下关系词可以不填？
1.I’ll never forget the days________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days _________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place _________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason _______ he was late.
6.This is the reason _____________ he gave.
when
which
where
which
why
that/which
及物动词
及物动词
及物动词
练习二：关系词的选用：一看成分，二看指代
The boys _____ are planting trees on the hill are school students.
Have you seen the books _____ he bought yesterday
The student _____ we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
She is the girl _____ father is a professor.
He lives in such a room _____ has no windows.
He likes to use the dictionary _____ was published in 1986.
Do you remember the day _____ we met each other
This is the house _____ we lived for 10 years.
Cooperation is the reason _____ they won the game.
练习三：用正确的关系代词/副词填空。
who
why
where
when
which
as
whose
who
which
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true.
Exercises
Use the grammar
More tips to maintain a positive mind.
Share your sorrow with your best friends, who must be willing to give advice and relate to you.
Read some jokes and watch some crosstalk shows, which will relieve your pressure.
Complete the passage.
1. , who is lying next to him
2. , which he finds annoying
3. , which he thinks will impress Holmes
4. , who has lost his patience by now
缺主语
缺主语
缺宾语
缺主语
注意1：whose
1. The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose+名词可以换成the + 名词+ of which/whom/of which/whom+the + 名词。
The house，the window of which is broken, is mine.
2. Look at the girl. Her hair is long and wavy.
Look at the girl whose hair is long and wavy.
Look at the girl, the hair of whom is long and wavy.
1. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时
He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2. 指物先行词被the very, just, the right, the only, the last等修饰时
These are the very points that interest me.
The train is the last that will go to Beijing.
3. 先行词是指物的不定代词all, any, every, much, some, few, little, no及something, everything, anything, nothing, none 或这些词被 修饰时 There is still much that can be done about it.
注意2：that vs which
只能用that的情况
4. 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
The first step that we are to take is very difficult.
This is the best way that has been used to deal with pollution.
5. 主句主语是who或which时
Who that have seen him does not like him
Which is the bike that you lost
6. 有两个定语从句，为了避免重复，一个用which，一个用that
They built a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
只能用that的情况
注意2：that vs which
1. 非限制性定语从句中
He talked about his success, which bored others.
2. 紧跟介词后
The is the house in which I lived for 10 years.
3. 先行词本身就是that
What’s that which flashed through the sky just now
注意3：that vs which
只能用which的情况
注意4：– way
What surprised me was not what he said but the way ______________ he said it.
The way _________________ he explained to us was quite simple.
The way __________________ he explained the sentence was easy to understand.
in which/that/不填
which/that/不填
in which/that/不填
特殊情况 – way:
way作从句中的主、宾、表 – that/which/省略
way 做状语– that/in which/省略
1.非限制性定语:
从句与主句的关系只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主向之问通常用逗号分开。
2.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
I am fond of the novel,which you bought for me.
我喜欢那本小说,就是你给我买的那本。
Summary
3.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
The reason, for which he couldn' t reduce his consumption, wasn't given.
他为何不能降低消费,他没有给出任何理由。
4.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.
(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到,这使得他的老师很生气。
09
01
02
03
04
05
08
07
06
that
which
who
whom
whose
when
where
why
as
人
物
物
人
人
人,物
时间
地点
原因
人,物
A mind map(思维导图) of attributive clauses.
1. She heard a terrible noise, _________frightened her.
2. She heard a terrible noise ____________ frightened her.
3. I had told them the reason, _________ I didn't attend the meeting.
4. I had told them the reason _______________ I didn't attend the meeting.
5. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,_________ he loved and respected as his own mother.
6. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother________________ he loved and respected as his own mother.
7. Do you know Tom ________________ we talked about
8. Do you know Tom, _________ we talked about
which
which/that
for which
why/for which
whom
（who/whom/that）
(who/whom/that)
whom
加赠练习：单句语法填空
9. Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, __________is often the case.
10.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　　　　 uses it differently.
11. The car, for ___________ I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
12. I suggest you go to a specialist(专家), from___________ you can get answers to most of your questions.
13. In this chapter(章节), one of our problems is to discover the principles on
______ these tests are based.
14.　　 is known to everybody, laughter is healthier than anger .
as
which
whom
which
As
which
用恰当的关系词填空
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners Lee. He is not as famous as Einstein, ①______ name has become very well known.
Berners-Lee,②____ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents,③_____ helped design the world's first commercially available computer,gave him a great love of maths and learning.
In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland,④_______ he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤ _________ he couldn't remember.
whoes
who
who
where
that/which
用恰当的关系词填空
He designed a software program ⑥___________ allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of people ⑦ ______ used the Internet started to grow quickly.However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧ _____ the Web has developed. It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨__________ he had imagined.
In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web,⑩_______he answered questions he was often asked.
who/that
which
where
that/which
that/which
定语从句改错
1. I shall never forget those years which I lived on the farm.
2. He paid the man $20 for washing the windows, most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
3. In the police station I saw the man from which room he witnessed the murder.
4. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
5. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.
when
which
whoes
that
that
1.Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.
2.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
3.Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
4. …, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing.
5.It changed its menu to exclusively (专门)offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
6.Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants
体验高考 [2025·全国二卷]
Grammar-filling
1.(2025年全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes(灌木)grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.
2.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
3. [2024·全国乙卷]The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman hair color looked just perfect.
where
which
whose
Grammar-filling
4.【2024新课标二卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.5.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
who
that/ which
Lead-in
齐声朗读：
关于非限定性定语从句：
1.形式上由逗号和主句分开，关系词不可以省略，不是修饰限定先行词的作用，而是补充解释的作用，通常翻译成两个句子。
2.只有两个关系代词不能引导：why 和 that；
3.指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换；
4.从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导，要用as
5. as引导非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对主句进行补充说明，通常用于如下固定搭配，as有“正如……， 就像……”之意：
as we all know正如我们都知道的=as is known to all 正如我们都知道的
as is said above 正如上面所说的//as has been said before正如前面所说的
as is always mentioned above正如上面提到的
as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as can be imagined 可以想象到的
as is often the case 这是经常发生的，这是常有的事=as often happens
as is reported in the newspaper正如报纸上报道的
as might / could be expected 正如人们所预料的
此外as还用在the same … as , such… as结构中，先行词被the same或者such修饰
Summary
Homework：
一.基础性作业：
从以下两个主题中任选其一，运用非限制性定语从句完成一段120-150词的英文描述，至少使用3个不同的非限制性定语从句关系词（who/which/where/when/whose等）。
1. 描述一位你敬佩的人：结合人物的外貌、性格、事迹等细节，用非限制性定语从句补充人物特征。
2. 描述一个难忘的场景：选取校园、家乡、旅行地等场景，用非限制性定语从句描绘场景中的事物、氛围或相关故事。
（参考范文）
My grandmother, who has silver hair and warm eyes, is the person I admire most. She lives in a small village, where the air is always fresh and the people are friendly. Every morning, she walks to the old market, which has stood for over fifty years, to buy fresh vegetables for the family.
二、拓展性作业：简单句改写为非限制性定语从句
以下是一篇介绍校园图书馆的简单句短文，请将其中标序号的简单句改写为非限制性定语从句，整合为一篇逻辑连贯、语法正确的短文，改写后保留原文核心信息，字数控制在180词左右。
① Our school library is in the center of the campus. ② It has a history of 30 years. ③ The library has three floors. ④ Each floor has different reading areas. ⑤ The first floor is for popular books and newspapers. ⑥ It is always crowded with students. ⑦ Ms. Li is the librarian. ⑧ She helps us find books quickly. ⑨ I often go to the library after class. ⑩ I can read quietly and borrow books there.
改写要求
1. 至少将8个标序号的简单句改写为非限制性定语从句；
2. 合理使用关系词（which/where/who/whose等），保证从句与主句逻辑通顺；
3. 可适当调整语序和连接词，使篇章更流畅。
评分参考
- 语法准确性：非限制性定语从句的关系词使用、标点（逗号）规范；
- 篇章连贯性：改写后句子衔接自然，信息完整；
- 语言丰富性：能灵活运用不同类型的非限制性定语从句

展开更多......

收起↑