资源简介

(共45张PPT)
Unit2
Using language
1. 英语构词法
Word Formation
Why is English an interesting and crazy language to learn There are several reasons for it.
Firstly, the formation and the meanings of some words are crazy, such as “pineapple” and “homesick”.
Secondly, some words, like “harmful, harmless” and “shameful, shameless” may make learners confused.
Thirdly, the meanings of some phrases are also confusing.
1. Derivation
派生法
2. Compounding
合成法
3. Conversion
转化法
4.
abbreviation
缩略法
派生法（Derivation）
派生词是通过加前缀（Prefix）和后缀（Suffix）构成新词。
前缀+词根（dislike=dis+like)
词根+后缀 ( teacher=teach+er)
前缀+词根+后缀 (international=inter+nation+al )
前缀改变词义。
后缀改变词性。
例外：前缀“en-”，
large 大的 (adj.)——enlarge 使变大 (v.)
able 有......能力的，能干的（adj.）——enable 能够 (v.)
How many preffix do you know
What are they
派生法（Derivation）——前缀
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示否定
Preffix examples
dis_
un_
im_ ; in_
non_
il_
ir_
anti_
counter_
disagree, dislike, dismiss, discourage
unable, unhappy, unlucky, unbend, unlock
impolite, impossible; inactive, incorrect
noneffective, nonsmoker, nonhuman
illogical, illegal, illiberal
irrelative, irregular, irrecoverable, irrational
antiscience, antifreeze, antismoking
counterattack, counteraction
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀
—— 表示否定
Preffix examples
mis_
de_
mal_
misunderstand, misuse, misfountune, misread
dewater, desalt, decode
malformed(畸形的), maladjusted(不适应的)
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示尺寸
Preffix 含义 examples
mini_ 小的
micro_ 微小的
macro_ 大的
mega_ 巨大的
minibus, minishorts, minipark,
microscope, microworld, microfibre(微纤维)
macroscale, macrochange, macrograph
megaphone, megastar
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示时间和次序
Preffix 含义 examples
ante_ 前, 先
fore_ 前, 预先
pre_ 前, 预先
pro_ 前, 向前
post_ 后
retro_ 后, 向后
anteroom, anteport, antedate
forehead, foretell, foreword, foresee
prewar, preschool, prehistory
progress, promote, proceed, prospect
postmodern, postpone
retrospect, retrograde(倒退的)
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示数量
Preffix 含义 examples
semi_ 半
mono_ 单, 单一
bi_ 两, 双
tri_ 三
multi_ 多
poly_ 多, 众
semiweekly, semiofficial
monocycle, monoculture
bicycle, biculture, bilingual
tricycle, triangle
multimedia, multiparty, multipurpose
polyfunctional, polycentric
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示位置
Preffix 含义 examples
inter_ 在...之间, 互相
intra_ 在内
extra_ 在......外, 超出
ex_ 外, 出
over_ 过度, 太甚
internet, international, intermix
intracity, intraday, intraoffice
extrasensory(超感的)
export, exit, expose
overtalk, overwork, overproduction
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 表示位置
Preffix 含义 examples
under_ 在...之下, 不足
sub_ 下边, 副的
super_ 超级
trans_ 越过, 转移
ultra_ 极端, 超
underline, undersea, underwear
subtitle, substandard, subsurface
superpower, superstar, supermarket
transformer, transplant, transnational
ultrasound, ultramodern, ultraviolet
派生法（Derivation）—— 前缀 —— 其他
Preffix 含义 examples
re_ 再, 重新
co_ 共同, 伙伴
con_ 共同
en_ 使, 使成为
auto_ 自动, 自身
retell, repeat, recall, review, reunion
cohere, coexist, cooperation, coincide
compose, commemorate, compassion
enable, enrich, envision, enlarge
automobile, autobiography(自传)
后缀：作用是使单词词性发生转换。
类型：
名词后缀
形容词后缀
动词词缀
副词后缀
派生法（Derivation）——后缀
表示“人”的后缀：
派生法(Derivation) — 名词后缀
后缀 examples
-er
-ee
-ist
-or
-ress
... ...
farmer, waiter, teacher, worker, singer, player
employee, brokee, trainee, loanee, payee
artist, pianist, dentist, feminist, meterialist
actor, do ctor, inventor, creator, professor
waitress, actress, empress(女帝), huntress
表示“抽象名词”的后缀
派生法(Derivation) — 名词后缀
后缀 examples
-ment
-tion
-sion
-ance
-ence
... ...
advertisement, development, statement
education, invitation, question, mention
decision, impression, admission, expanssion
importance, performance, acceptance
difference, insistence, adherence
派生法(Derivation) — 形容词后缀
后缀 examples
-ful
-y
-ous
-less
-al
-able
careful, helpful, useful, fillful, meaningful
healthy, funny, windy, rainy, snowy, sleepy
dangerous, cautious, delicious, humorous
careless, hopeless, jobless, fearless, homeless
personal, national, traditional, arrival
comfortable, suitable, acceptable, fashionable
派生法(Derivation) — 动词后缀
后缀 examples
-ize
-en
-ify
... ...
socialize (使…社会化), modernize (使…现代化)
widen （使变宽）, shorten（使变短）
beautify（变美）, simplify（简化）
派生法(Derivation) — 副词后缀
后缀 examples
-ly
-ward(s)
-wise
... ...
happily, really, luckily, actually, particularly
backwards（向后）, homewards (回家地)
otherwise (否则), likewise, stepwise(逐步)
合成法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个复合词。
复合名词：
hotline 热线；reading-room阅览室；break-through突破；outbreak爆发
复合形容词：
peace-loving 热爱和平的；hard-working勤奋的；good-looking好看的；well-known著名的；duty-free免税的
复合动词：
sleep-walk梦游；undergo经历；white-wash粉刷、涂白
合成法（Compounding）
名词转化为动词：
book n.（书） → v.（预订）
chair n.（椅子）→ v.（主持）
head n.（头） → v.（率领）
arm n.（手臂）→ v.（武装）
bag n.（袋子）→ v.（捕获）
hand n.（手） → v.（传递）
nurse n.（护士）→ v.（护理）
man n.（人） → v.（操纵）
转化法（Conversion）
形容词转化为动词
slow adj.（慢的） → v.（减慢）
narrow adj.（窄的） → v.（缩小）
warm adj.（暖和的）→ v.（使暖和）
clean adj.（清洁的）→ v.（打扫）
better adj.（更好的）→ v.（改善）
dry adj.（干的） → v.（晒干）
转化法（Conversion）
动词转化为名词
catch v.（捕获）→ n.（捕获量）
find v.（发现）→ n.（发现物）
make v.（制造）→ n.（构造）
do v.（作） → n.（要求做的事）
smoke v.（冒烟）→ n.（烟）
cut v.（切） → n.（切口）
转化法（Conversion）
I love this dog.
The policeman dogged the suspect (犯罪嫌疑人) into the forest.
does and don’ts
musts and mustn’ts
转化法（Conversion）
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
n.
v.
n.
缩略法（Abbreviation）
examples
首字母拼音法 CEO (chief executive officer), DIY (Do-it-yourself)
截成法 ad. (advertisement); ed. doc. info.
混成法 motel (moter+hotel); brunch (breakfast+lunch)
... ...
PART：2
British English
American English
England and America are two countries divided by a common language.
3. spelling
1. pronounciation
2. vocabulary
pronounciation
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
The Road Not Taken
By Robert Frost
vocabulary
_se vs _ze
spelling
_t vs _ed
spelling
_our vs _or
spelling
_our_
vs
_or_
spelling
Pre-listening
1. What do “selfie” and “netizen” mean
2. How do these words come into being
3. What do “BRB”, “COZ” and “G2G” mean
4. How do these expressions come into being
5. Do you know other similar examples
Read “Did you know” on P24 and answer the questions.
1. What can you predict from the pictures
2. What will be talked about
Pre-listening
View the three pictures in A6 on page 25.
While-listening
A6: listen to the conversations and match to the pictures.
Words Meaning Origin
dim sum a kind of traditional 1. from 2.
3. using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words
4. and 5.
6. a shorter way of saying 7. from the Internet
While-listening
Chinese food
the Guangdong dialect
cellfish
cellphone
selfish
LOL
laugh out loud
A7: listen again and complete the table.
A: I’m going to buy something to eat from the restaurant downstairs. Would you like anything
B: Oh yes, please. Could you order me some dim sum
A: Some what
B: Dim sum.
A: What kind of food is that
B: It’s kind of traditional Chinese food from South China, including dumplings, spring rolls, meatballs and so on.
A: Oh, I see. So dim sum comes from Chinese
B: Yes.that's right. In fact, it comes from the Guangdong dialect. In Mandarin or Putonghua it would be “dian xin”.
A: well, it sounds good! Maybe l’ll order that as well.
While-listening
A: How was the movie
B: It was great, but someone in front of me was talking so loudly on her phone.
A: How cellfish!
B: Yes, I agree. Very selfish.
A: Ah, do you know what I mean by “cellfish”
B: Of course! When you say “selfish”, you mean only caring about yourself and not about other people, right
A: That’s what “selfish” with an “s” means, but I’m talking about cellfish starting with the letter “c”.
B: I haven’t heard that word before. What does it mean
A: It means using a cellhone in a way that shows you don’t care about the other people around you.
B: That’s interesting. How do you spell it
A: C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H. It’s the words cellphone and selfish put together.
[SFX of someone pressing mobile phone keys, followed by a chime indicating a new message]
A: Darling, could you take a look at this message from Lucy I have no idea what she’s talking about... again.
B: What has she said
A: Well, I told her a joke that Bob told me today at the office, and, as you see, she replied “LOL”. What’s that for
B: Oh, LOL! It’s a shorter way of saying “laugh out loud”.
A: I’ve never seen or heard that before. Where does it come from
B: It was first used on the Internet. You use it to show you think something is very funny.
A: Oh, okay.
B: Keep up with the times, darling!
Discuss and write down useful expressions.
Listen again to make necessary corrections.
How to ask for:
While-listening
How to explain:
Some what
What kind of food is that
What does it mean
I have no idea what she’s talking about.
It’s kind of...
It means...
It’s a shorter way of saying...
Summary
1. Useful expressions to ask for the meaning:
I beg your pardon
What does...mean
What’s that for
When you say...you mean..., right
2.Useful expressions to explain the meaning:
It means...
It’s a short way of saying...
You use it to...
THANK YOU

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