资源简介

(共163张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
第一部分
【命题概述】
1.选材:取材广泛,话题新颖,材料来源仍是主流媒体;语言地道,表达明确,确保语言原汁原味。
2.热点:体现“五育并举”,融入中国优秀传统文化,引导考生坚定理想信念,增强文化自信,培养考生自信自强的品质。
3.变化:(1)和百姓生活息息相关,倡导健康生活,如2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷A篇的交通运输领域的碳排放问题以及D篇的微塑料污染问题;
(2)与新时代生活同频,提高学生的核心素养,如2025年浙江1月卷C篇介绍了新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植;
(3)语篇用词更加丰富,含有大量派生词、合成词、熟词生义以及英语习语等,词汇量大且长难句多,越来越注重细节理解题和推理判断题的考查。
4.建议:掌握阅读方法。阅读理解要注意精读。高考阅读语篇保留了其原有的语言风格,语言信息十分丰富。复杂语块、一词多义、熟词生义、长难句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。语篇不只是平铺直叙,而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式;语篇也不仅有直接描写及简单的介绍说明;还有抒情、阐释、比较、评论等多种方式。所以,阅读理解应该从整体入手,了解文章大意、语篇类型、主题语境、作者的写作目的等;然后再过渡到对细节的理解。
【考情分析】
2023—2025高考真题语篇及题型分析表
年份 卷别 篇目 文体 主题语境 语篇话题 题型
细节 理解题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 猜测
词义题
2025 新高考 全国 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 交通运输领域的碳排放问题以及不同交通方式的未来绿色燃料解决方案 7 6 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自我 一位写作教师的教学认知突破之旅
C 议论文 人与社会 汽车主导的城市规划以及行人友好的生活空间诉求
D 说明文 人与自然 微塑料污染及应对方法
新高考 全国 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 英国值得一游的四个小镇及其特色和亮点 8 4 2 1
B 记叙文 人与自我 Kathy Ho在斯坦福露西尔帕卡德儿童医院(LPCH)担任教师的工作情况
C 说明文 人与自然 室内植物对人们的身心健康和工作效率有积极影响
D 说明文 人与社会 食物浪费问题以及某家餐厅为了引发人们对食物浪费的关注的尝试
浙江 1月卷 A 应用文 人与社会 图书馆馆际借阅服务 8 4 2 1
B 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 父母应减少干预孩子的饮食选择
C 说明文 人与自然 新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植
D 说明文 人与社会 技术产品中的“性别化”现象
2024 新高考 全国 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 生物栖息地修复 工作队招募志愿者 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 中西医结合治疗动物
C 议论文 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读
D 说明文 人与自然 生物多样性数字 记录存在偏差　
新高考 全国 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 卡洛秋季徒步节 的几种徒步方案 8 5 1 1
B 新闻报道 人与社会 阅读亭项目
C 说明文 人与社会 巴比伦微型农场的 一些主要优势　
D 说明文 人与社会 AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence新书介绍
浙江 1月卷 A 应用文 人与社会 音乐剧《汤姆·索亚: 河上历险记》介绍　 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与社会 电话亭的变迁
C 说明文 人与自然 防雹干预计划之争
D 议论文 人与自我 成人面临的“棉花糖实验”
2023 新高考 全国 Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 MacBike公司的自行车租赁和 带导游的城市游览项目 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 生态设计
C 说明文 人与自我 数字极简主义
D 议论文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应新发现
新高考 全国 Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 美国黄石国家公园 护林员项目介绍 6 7 1 1
B 新闻报道 人与社会 学校菜园项目
C 说明文 人与社会 《阅读艺术:书籍爱好 者的艺术》书籍介绍
D 说明文 人与自然 人类与大自然互动
浙江 1月卷 A 应用文 人与社会 探险家儿童露营机构 6 5 2 2
B 记叙文 人与社会 “零浪费”生活方式
C 说明文 人与社会 Project Debater的缺陷 和社会互动的意义　　
D 说明文 人与社会 新型太阳能农场
第一讲　细节理解题
命题特点
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节的理解,该题型在高考英语阅读中占了较大的比重,考点主要有直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题。它要求考生能够读懂文章中的具体细节内容,如事件发生的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果等诸多细节信息。
1.直接信息题
题型解读
直接信息题一般都能在文中直接找到明确的信息,往往只考查文章中的个别事实,通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。题目相对比较简单,但由于命题人会把文中语言(词汇或结构)“改头换面”来表达相同的意思,因此还需考生进行更进一步地理解和比对才能得出答案。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,A篇片段)
Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbour(港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbour-side markets.Don’t leave the harbour without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.
(　　)23.What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A.Try the Cornish pie.
B.Watch a British TV show.
C.Go fishing in the sea.
D.Take pictures of the harbour.
答案及剖析:A　直接信息题。根据题干in Mevagissey定位到Mevagissey,
Cornwall部分,根据该部分中的最后两句可知,作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝一尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A。
A
2.间接信息题
题型解读
相比直接信息题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注原文与选项的同义转述和关注原文信息的归纳概括。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇片段)
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,
psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
(　　)30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
答案及剖析:A　间接信息题。根据段中第一句可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。engaging意为
“有吸引力的”,与A项中的 “hold students’ attention”相呼应,故选A。
A
3.数字计算题
题型解读
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,找出计算关系,通过计算得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据。弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法,问题便迎刃而解了。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A篇片段)
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonise everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
(　　)21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A.11.6%. B.45.1%.
C.74.5%. D.86.1%.
答案及剖析:C　数字计算题。根据图中的“ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”及“ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%”可知,公路车辆总排放占比需将客运与货运数据相加,即45.1% + 29.4% = 74.5%。故选C。
C
第二讲　推理判断题
命题特点
推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题。一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和细节的提示,作出一定的判断和推理。该题型在高考阅读中难度较大。其考点主要有隐含推断题、观点态度题、意图推断题、写作手法题、文章出处推断题和目标读者推断题。
1.隐含推断题
题型解读
隐含推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节,但却要求考生依据原文对具体信息进行推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇片段)
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis
(论点)statement.I was shocked.Then I realised that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,
but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
(　　)25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
D
答案及剖析:D　隐含推断题。根据所给段落中的“Then I realised that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.”可知,学生们在写第一篇议论文时表现不佳是因为学生认为这个话题本身不重要,即学生们对这个话题缺乏写作兴趣。strike有“打动”之意,had little interest in 为didn’t strike them的同义替换,故选D。
2.观点态度题
题型解读
作者的观点和态度就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或者态度的理解能力,要求考生在理解文意的基础上进行推理判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立和反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·浙江1月卷,B篇片段)
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive,they do make better decisions.“Feeding is a long game,” says Markey.“The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don’t eat it,they’ re seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
(　　)27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A.Costly.
B.Complex.
C.Workable.
D.Contradictory.
C
答案及剖析:C　观点态度题。本段提到作者一直在尝试这些策略,并发现当自己减少限制时,孩子们确实能做出更好的决定,说明作者认为这些策略是有效的。故选C。
3.意图推断题
题型解读
意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇片段)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future,and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
...
AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.
(　　)35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To recommend a book on AI.
B.To give a brief account of AI history.
C.To clarify the definition of AI.
D.To honor an outstanding AI expert.
A
答案及剖析:A　意图推断题。根据所给段落内容可知,本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的AI by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书,所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A。
4.写作手法题
题型解读
写作手法题要求考生针对某些段落、某些内容进行深入挖掘,判断其行文逻辑。最常见的写作手法是举例说明、对比等。考生应学会借助于语境关键词和特定术语作答。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D篇片段)
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.
(　　)32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A.By quoting an expert.
B.By defining a concept.
C.By giving examples.
D.By providing statistics.
C
答案及剖析:C　写作手法题。由所给段落中的“...they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.”可知,作者通过列举具体的例子,展示了微塑料出现的各种环境:深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩内部、海鸟的胃里和南极的新雪中。最后提到微塑料甚至出现在人类体内。由此可见,作者通过举例子来引入这个话题。故选C。
5.文章出处推断题
题型解读
文章出处推断题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的文体和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇片段)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.
(　　)28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
A
答案及剖析:A　文章出处推断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句和第二段第一句可知,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。由此可推知,本书最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
6.目标读者推断题
题型解读
目标读者推断题要求考生根据文章内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象,即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。
技巧图解
模拟题典例
(2024·广州天河区二模,A篇)
Some of the greatest discoveries in science have been completely accidental.Then again,maybe science had a little help...
Ice Candy
One of America’s favorite summertime treats came about thanks to a particularly cold night in the San Francisco Bay area in 1905.That’s when 11-year-old Frank Epperson forgot a glass containing powdered soda mix,water and a wooden stick out at the doorway overnight.The next morning,Frank discovered the mixture had frozen around the stick.He popped it out of the cup,licked it...and summers were never the same!
Safety Glass
In 1903,French chemist douard Bénédictus accidentally dropped a glass bottle.To his surprise,the glass cracked but wasn’t broken into pieces.
Out of curiosity,he checked it carefully.As it turned out,the bottle hadn’t been cleaned properly and was coated with a thin film of a kind of liquid plastic.A happy accident led to the discovery of safety glass.
YInMn Blue
In 2009,Mas Subramanian,a professor of materials science at Oregon State University,was testing out new materials for electronics in his lab with graduate students.A mixture of metals went into the furnace.What came out was a striking blue mixture.The first new blue since cobalt (深蓝) was discovered in 1802,is called “YInMn Blue”.
Penicillin
In 1928,Scottish researcher Alexander Fleming returned to his lab after a two-week vacation only to discover that mold (霉菌) from an open window had made an uncovered dish of bacteria dirty.Strangely enough,the mold stopped the bacteria from growing,giving the world its first antibiotic.
(　　)23.Who are the intended readers of the text
A.Science students.
B.Curiosity seekers.
C.Science researchers.
D.The general public.
D
答案及剖析:D　目标读者推断题。根据第一段中的“Some of the greatest discoveries in science have been completely accidental.”以及下文对冰棒、安全玻璃、钇铟锰蓝、盘尼西林的发现过程的介绍可知,这四个偶然的发现都与生活相关,故其目标读者为大众,是向大众介绍这些发现。故选D。
第三讲　主旨大意题
命题特点
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章的主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。此类题目可分为三大类,即段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。有时候该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
1.段落大意题
题型解读
段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可以位于段中、段尾或者段首、段尾前后呼应。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架,在框架下判断主旨,准确性更高。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇片段)
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,
and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
(　　)34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
C
答案及剖析:C　段落大意题。根据所给段落的内容可知,本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料,如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等,所以本段主要讲的是这些菜品是由什么制成的。故选C。
2.文章大意题
题型解读
文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.
Additionally,it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically,it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated,it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil,the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition,
there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
(　　)31.What does the text mainly talk about
A.BMF’s major strengths.
B.BMF’s general management.
C.BMF’s global influence.
D.BMF’s technical standards.
A
答案及剖析:A　文章大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
3.标题归纳题
题型解读
标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C篇)
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants,she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened: She was flooded,
shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year,Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth,a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol,the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it,but if it dies,go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
(　　)31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home
B
答案及剖析:B　标题归纳题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起;第二段和第三段通过Knuth的研究发现,说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、降低请病假的比率,从而提高生产率;第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。B项最能概括文章主旨,适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
第四讲　猜测词义题
命题特点
猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词意义,也可以考查熟词生义,还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
1.代词指代题
题型解读
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候一定要遵循就近原则,找出离代词最近的名词、短语或句子等。代词多是“him,them,it,that”等,可以指代上文提到的人或物,it 和 that 还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,B篇片段)
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”
(　　)26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4
A.Offering regular lessons.
B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork.
D.Showing no sympathy.
C
答案及剖析:C　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句及其上一句可知,“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。
2.猜测单词/短语题
题型解读
猜测单词/短语题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语意义的理解;所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要通过阅读上下文,根据短文提供的语境、信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇片段)
As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a
health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁)and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
(　　)26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed. B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
B
答案及剖析:B　猜测单词题。根据所给段落的最后一句可知,关于接下来的作文,学生们写的话题多样,篇幅长达10到20页,内容丰富,打动人心,和之前的表现形成了鲜明对比,因此作者感到惊叹。由此可推知,staggering意为“令人惊叹的”,与amazing同义。故选B。
[典例2]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇片段)
When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
(　　)28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last.
B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use.
D.Become easy to notice.
D
答案及剖析:D　猜测短语题。根据画线短语上下文语境可推知,此处是指“当实验人员从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时,纸质文本的好处就变得显而易见了”,所以画线短语shine through意为“显而易见”,和D项意思相近。故选D。
3.猜测句意题
题型解读
猜测句意题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中,需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子。有时会考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解,要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2019·浙江6月卷,B篇片段)
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.
But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”
(　　)24.What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Money spent without hesitation.
B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions.
D.Money not tied together.
C
答案及剖析:C　猜测句意题。根据本段内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”可知,附在木板上的钱是可以随意取走的,并不附带任何条件,故选C。
第五讲　利用文章体裁解题
文体一　应用文
文体特点
热点 话题 话题生活化、实用化和多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、活动信息、游览地、招生、招聘、影视艺术、图书介绍、人物介绍、产品用户指南等。
语言特点 人名、地名、专用名词多;生词多;缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。
文章结构 多为总分式,形式多样(如图示、表格等),题材各异。
命题 角度 其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力,既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合,又注重推理判断题的考查,题目设置相对较容易。
解题技巧
真题赏析
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A篇)
The greening of planes,trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放).As the world races to decarbonise everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonise is aviation.One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services.New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge.
TRAINS —Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires;others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS —Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks,but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS —Liquid ammonia
Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport,but it is hard to ignite(点燃)and requires an engine redesign.
This energy transition(变革)is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
【解题思路】
语篇解读:本文是应用文。 文章介绍了交通运输领域的碳排放问题,并探讨了不同交通方式的未来绿色燃料解决方案。
(　　)21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A.11.6%. B.45.1%.
C.74.5%. D.86.1%.
C
答案及剖析:
21.C　细节理解题。根据图中的“ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”及“ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%”可知,公路车辆总排放占比需将客运与货运数据相加,即45.1% + 29.4% = 74.5%。故选C。
(　　)22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A.Planes. B.Trucks.
C.Trains. D.Ships.
C
答案及剖析:
22.C　细节理解题。根据“TRAINS—Electricity”部分的内容可知,部分火车已实现电气化,且其他火车可通过相当简单的方式改造,再对比FUTURE FUELS部分的其他交通方式面临的转型问题可知,火车是转型难度最低的交通工具。故选C。
(　　)23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A.Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C.Improving energy efficiency.
D.Making electricity more affordable.
B
答案及剖析:
23.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容尤其是Wipke所说的话可知,
Wipke的核心建议是加速发展绿色能源,即加大对可再生能源的投入力度。故选B。
文体二　记叙文
文体特点
热点 话题 新颖、生动、真实、典型、正面的人物介绍、崛起的新行业、和睦社区以及名人或者普通人的个人经历等。
语言特点 有丰富的情感,有浓郁的生活气息,能勾画生活,语言有韵味,有底蕴,有张力。
文章结构 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。新闻报道的形式通常为:标题+导语+正文+结束语。
命题 角度 命题角度主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。新闻报道的题目设置主要为观点推断题;考查语篇衔接,推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容;考查主旨大意题较多。
解题技巧
真题赏析
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B篇)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)
statement.I was shocked.Then I realised that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people,to put us in another’s skin,to teach us what it means to be human.
【解题思路】
语篇解读:本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位写作老师的教学反思。在教学过程中,她发现学生们在写虚构故事时能创造出深刻的人物,但在完成关于“写作为何重要”的议论文时却表现不佳。后来她调整了教学策略,结果学生们的作品令其惊叹。这让她对写作的本质有了新的认识和感悟。
(　　)24.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders.
B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers.
D.Fictional characters.
D
答案及剖析:
24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a cowboy...a modern-day Juliet”及“my students,who’d created these people”可知,这些人物是作者的学生创作的角色,即虚构人物。故选D。
(　　)25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
D
答案及剖析:
25.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Then I realised that...strike them as important.”可知,学生们在写第一篇议论文时表现不佳是因为学生认为这个话题本身不重要,即学生们对这个话题缺乏写作兴趣。故选D。
(　　)26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed.
B.Amazing.
C.Similar.
D.Disturbing.
B
答案及剖析:
26.B　猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句可知,关于接下来的作文,学生们写的话题多样,篇幅长达10到20页,内容丰富,打动人心,和之前的表现形成了鲜明对比,因此作者感到惊叹。由此可推知,staggering意为“令人惊叹的”,与amazing同义。故选B。
(　　)27.What does the author’s experience show
A.Teaching is learning.
B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.
D.Practice makes perfect.
A
答案及剖析:
27.A　推理判断题。根据全文内容并结合最后一段中的“my students demonstrated something more important to me...”可知,作者通过教学实践从学生的表现中获得了对写作本质的新的认识和感悟,体现了“教学相长”。故选A。
文体三　说明文
文体特点
热点 话题 实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象、选材分析,以及语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等。
语言 特点 语言平实,但词汇丰富、灵活,表述地道,句式复杂,专业性词汇略多。
文章 结构 总分式(事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式结构);
递进式(事理说明文由浅入深、形式由表及里、由现象到本质,逐层递进,剖析事理);并列式(文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分);对照式(通过两个事物的对照和比较说明其异同)。
命题 角度 命题角度主要集中在细节理解题或推理判断题。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。
解题技巧
真题赏析
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,D篇)
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,
where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,
and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
【解题思路】
语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了纽约一家餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材来提高人们对食物浪费的认识。
(　　)32.What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A.He witnessed food shortage.
B.He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C.He donated food to Africans.
D.He helped to cook at home.
A
答案及剖析:
32.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe that feeling comes from...than a prayer at dinner time.” 可知,作者曾在南非生活过,那里有孩子挨饿是事实,由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
(　　)33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A.To customise dishes for guests.
B.To make the public aware of food waste.
C.To test a food processing method.
D.To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
B
答案及剖析:
33.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句并结合语境可知,这些食物原本的结局是被丢弃,但现在因Blue Hill餐厅进行的这个实验避免了这种浪费,由此可知,进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
(　　)34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
C
答案及剖析:
34.C　段落大意题。根据第五段的内容可知,本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料,如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等,所以本段主要讲的是这些菜品是由什么制成的。故选C。
(　　)35.What can we learn about wastED
A.It has ended as planned.
B.It is creating new jobs.
C.It has regained popularity.
D.It is criticized by top chefs.
A
答案及剖析:
35.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验,现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单,从而推断,实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
文体四　议论文
文体特点
热点 话题 中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题,内容包罗万象,社会生活类占据了绝大部分。
语言 特点 观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理,有严密的逻辑性。
文章 结构 1.提出论点→分论点1→分论点2→分论点3……→结论;
2.引入段→得出结论→分点论述→结论;
3.提出问题→分析问题→解决问题;
4.提出反面观点→批驳反面观点→提出正面观点。
命题 角度 议论文难度相对比较大,命题角度呈多样化,各种题型均有涉及。
解题技巧
真题赏析
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人)
mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长)to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
【解题思路】
语篇解读:本文是议论文。文章深入剖析了现代城市街道设计偏向机动车交通,导致儿童活动受限的问题;并通过数据与案例论证了街道安全与公共空间的重要性,呼吁重构街道功能,营造宜居环境。
(　　)28.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1
A.Cars often get stuck on the road.
B.Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C.People walk less and drive more.
D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
C
答案及剖析:
28.C　细节理解题。 由第一段中的“declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility,
especially among young children”及“they pack them into the car instead”可知,行人(尤其儿童)步行减少而汽车使用增加,即人们步行更少、开车更多。故选C。
(　　)29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A.Keep their cities livable.
B.Promote cultural diversity.
C.Help the needy families.
D.Make expressways accessible.
A
答案及剖析:
29.A　推理判断题。 由第三段中加拿大记者Jane Jacobs呼吁市长将纽约打造为“a decent place to live”并反对修建高速路可知,她与其他抗议者的核心目标是保持城市宜居性。故选A。
(　　)30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A.They boosted the sales of cars.
B.They turned out largely ineffective.
C.They won government support.
D.They advocated building new parks.
B
答案及剖析:
30.B　推理判断题。 由第四段首句中的“the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car”及澳大利亚汽车拥有率全球领先的数据可知,尽管举行过抗议,城市规划仍以汽车为中心,即这些运动基本未奏效。故选B。
(　　)31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush
B.What’s Next
C.Where to Stay
D.Who to Blame
A
答案及剖析:
31.A　标题归纳题。通读全文,特别是根据文章最后一段可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象,A项质问“rush through”的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
感谢观看

展开更多......

收起↑