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专题三　完形填空
【命题概述】
1.选材:选材广泛,所选语篇内容积极向上,倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。选材原汁原味,语言地道,能够传递正能量,体现时代气息,涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,启迪性强。往往是从学生熟悉的话题中考查其英语素养。
2.热点:凸显以文化人的价值导向作用。例如,2025年新高考全国Ⅱ卷完形填空主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身,积极改变自己的生活,消除网络质疑的故事。
3.变化:
①篇幅相对稳定,但语篇信息含量减少,信息综合幅度减小,试题的整体难度下降;
②段落内部、段落之间都有明确的逻辑线,条理清晰、紧凑;
③近年来,完形填空文本和选项中出现了一些低频词,如2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷完形填空中的matured,2024年新高考全国Ⅱ卷完形填空中的string等。
4.建议:做题时要遵循“抓主旨、析文意、理逻辑”的三步骤,结合“浏览、细读和验证”的三方法,明确解题思维的主方向。不仅要广泛练习各类文本语篇,还要夯实基础,多从词汇方面,特别是围绕“词块”来积累,另外,注意熟词生义和词性活用,同时关注上下文的逻辑关系,从宏观的角度解读微观的知识点。
【考情分析】
2023—2025高考完形填空考情分析表
年份 卷别 文体 主题语境 语篇话题 考查词类
动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2025 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 作者在搬家时发帖将自己不用的物品赠送给他人的经历及感悟 6 7 2 0 0
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与自我 老奶奶坚持健身,积极改变自己的生活,消除网络质疑 4 9 1 1 0
浙江1月卷 记叙文 人与社会 将烹饪爱好变成一种新型社交模式 7 5 2 0 1
2024 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与自我 运动的兴趣和经历 8 5 1 1 0
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 定居意大利以及意大利的风土人情 9 5 1 0 0
浙江1月卷 记叙文 人与自我 坐火车旅行的经历 9 3 3 0 0
2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 越野赛跑中 救助受伤对手 5 8 2 0 0
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 宠物公益航班 7 3 4 1 0
浙江1月卷 记叙文 人与自然 见证独特的采蜜过程 8 3 3 1 0
【命题走向】
1.体裁:记叙文或夹叙夹议文,以记叙文为主。
2.主题语境:人与自我、人与社会、人与自然,以人与自我和人与社会为主。
3.情节走向:无论过程多曲折,结尾一般是美好结局,体现真善美和正能量。
4.重点考查:重点考查实词的用法,特别是动词(短语)和名词的考频最高,其次是形容词、副词、介词(短语)和连词。
技巧图解
第一讲　速读文章,整体把握
完形填空本质上是填补性阅读,要求学生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文语言通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。做题时遵循的原则是先完意,再完形。做题时快速浏览,确定体裁和主题语境——用首句不设空原则确定语篇的话题,以语篇的5W1H厘清行文脉络,再结合词义辨析、固定搭配、生活常识和文化背景选择正确答案。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy　41　 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.We had decided on key items for the 　42　 we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to 　43　 our supposedly important objects.That left a house still 　44　 with things that,while not particularly 　45　,didn’t belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online,for $10.A couple of messages came in,one wanting additional　46　,another asking for a price cut.As our 　47　 day drew near,I settled on a new price($0) and reposted it.The 　48　:“I hate this vase.Maybe you won’t.”In an instant,a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
　49　,I posted more.My daily posts and the 　50　 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house.Each exchange provided a chance to 　51　 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 　52　.
I sit in my apartment today,loving each of the　53　 that share our small space.I take 　54　 in knowing that,somewhere nearby,someone is
　55　 something that couldn’t come with us.
(　　)41.A.painting over
B.looking around
C.emptying out
D.pulling down
(　　)42.A.hotel B.office
C.cottage D.apartment
(　　)43.A.store B.display
C.sell D.repair
(　　)44.A.covered B.decorated
C.stuffed D.equipped
(　　)45.A.conventional B.valuable
C.complicated D.tolerable
(　　)46.A.fees B.photos
C.receipts D.models
(　　)47.A.move B.pay
C.market D.work
(　　)48.A.warning B.request
C.description D.reply
(　　)49.A.Confused B.Interested
C.Disappointed D.Encouraged
(　　)50.A.visits B.reports
C.advice D.money
(　　)51.A.remove B.spare
C.find D.check
(　　)52.A.investigated B.recognised
C.encountered D.recommended
(　　)53.A.giveaways B.posts
C.contributions D.belongings
(　　)54.A.joy B.part
C.care D.time
(　　)55.A.anticipating B.appreciating
C.delivering D.withdrawing
第一步:抓住首句,探寻大意
首句完整,线索清楚。一般来说,完形填空文章首句不设空,这是为了给学生提供清晰完整的背景信息。记叙文一般在文章的第一句交代人物的身份、事件发生的时间、地点等,然后再介绍事件的发展过程和结果。要充分利用首句,获取更多信息。从本篇文章的第一句“One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.”中我们可以得到以下信息:
who—I
what—sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding
由上可知,文章开头提到“我坐在厨房里,凝视着一个自我的婚礼之后就没见过天日的玻璃花瓶”,下文应该是讲如何处理这些自己不用的东西。
第二步:速读全文,整体感知
答题前,应先越过设空处,通览全文,把握人物关系、情绪变化和故事情节。这是做好完形填空题的关键。只有在此基础上才能掌握文章的主旨要义,厘清上下文逻辑关系,对文章的细节和主旨进行有效推理判断,理解作者的观点和写作意图。
快速浏览全文后,可知本篇文章的主要人物为“I”。根据文章第二段中的“My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 　41　 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.”,第三段中的“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online,for $10....I settled on a new price($0) and reposted it...”,第四段中的“　49　,I posted more...”,及第五段中的“I take
　54　 in knowing that,somewhere nearby,someone is 　55　 something that couldn’t come with us. ”可知,本文主要讲述了作者在搬家时发帖将自己不用的物品赠送给他人的经历与感悟。只有理顺了故事发展的脉络,才能选出正确答案。
第二讲　分层突破,
巧解完形
完形填空首句一般不设空,设空均匀分布,设题为句内、句组、语篇三个层次。句内层次题:考查数量6个左右。完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础题目,也就是句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意再结合句内信息顺势答出。随着一个个空缺被填充,文章被还原,文意也就越来越明朗,做题也就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空的第一步正确做法是能填的尽量填一填,把残缺的信息补全。
句组层次题:考查数量7个左右,句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需“瞻前顾后”,综合意群信息解答。即依据本句信息不能填,可在空格前后再找信息源。
语篇层次题:考查数量2个左右。解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求学生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。
一、句内和句组层次题
题型解读
词汇复现是做完形填空题时常用的解题技巧。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现等。
技法一 利用词汇复现
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空片段)
...We had decided on key items for the 　42　 we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to 43(store) our supposedly important objects.
...
I sit in my apartment today,loving each of the 53(belongings) that share our small space.I take 54(joy) in knowing that,somewhere nearby,someone is 55(appreciating) something that couldn’t come with us.
(　　)42.A.hotel B.office
C.cottage D.apartment
D
答案及剖析:D　根据文中的“we were moving to in town”以及最后一段中的“I sit in my apartment today...”可知,作者要搬到市区的公寓(apartment)。本题属于原词复现,故选D。
[典例2]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空片段)
　　As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach,and nowhere fuels my 49(appetite) quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 　50　,and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families 51(gather) for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 52(come up with).These meals are always 53(accompanied) by laughter and joy.Whatever 　54　 life in Italy might have,the problems are 55(forgotten) once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
(　　)50.A.costume B.dish
C.symbol D.tale
B
答案及剖析:B　根据上文“fuels my 49(appetite)”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知,此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。本题属于上下义词复现。故选B。
(　　)54.A.disadvantages
B.meanings
C.surprises
D.opportunities
A
答案及剖析:A　根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知,此处指在意大利的生活有些不如意之处。本题属于同义词复现。故选A。
题型解读
利用逻辑关系解题是最基本也是最重要的方法,因为语篇都是以一定的逻辑关系衔接的。逻辑关系主要有并列、转折、因果、递进等。
技法二 利用逻辑关系
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空片段)
　　...To be honest,I 44(hated) it! Between the girl making my 45(contribution) seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,I decided that the only 46(reason) I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 　47　 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 48(dreamed) of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day,I 　49　 her bike and went for a ride.The 50(problem):The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such 51(challenges)...
(　　)47.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
C
答案及剖析:C　根据前文“I decided that the only 46(reason) I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”和关键词So可知,作者决定放弃跑步,所以此处应是转向骑自行车,前后是因果关系。故选C。
(　　)49.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
B
答案及剖析:B　根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知,作者去看望姐姐,所以要去骑行的话,应是向姐姐借自行车,空前的“While she was at work one day”给了提示。故选B。
题型解读
完形填空中偶尔会考查一些习惯搭配、固定句式。这时就可以运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
技法三 利用习惯搭配和固定结构
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空片段)
　　So I 47(turned to) cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 　48　 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
(　　)48.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
B
答案及剖析:B　分析可知,空后的of是关键词,此处指作者梦想着参加自行车比赛,直到飞到圣地亚哥去看望姐姐。故选B。
题型解读
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化、科技、历史、地理、风俗民情以及生活常识等方面的知识。学生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,同时,运用生活常识也会节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地做出正确判断。
技法四 利用文化背景和生活常识
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空片段)
The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content,explaining there’s no 49(reason) others can’t look this good.She said it was all down to some key aspects.
“Hold on.Consider failure as a 　50　 to success and never give up.Stick to your plan,” she said.“51(Help) others.Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when 52(shared).” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 53(goal) is to feel good,not look good.”
(　　)50.A.green light B.road block
C.passing mark D.stepping stone
D
答案及剖析:D　结合语境,再根据上文的“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content,explaining there’s no 49(reason) others can’t look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知,此处指失败是成功的垫脚石。故选D。
二、语篇层次题
题型解读
完形填空中有部分题目都是通过语境暗示来完成的。学生务必仔细体会句意,句与句之间的含义以及整个段落或者整篇文章的含义。
技法一 利用语境暗示
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·全国甲卷,完形填空片段)
　　One day,we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside,I was left alone in the 　41　 to help my grandmother wash dishes.　42　,my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
(　　)41.A.sitting room B.kitchen
C.yard D.dining hall
(　　)42.A.As always B.By the way
C.For example D.Here and now
B
A
答案及剖析:41.B　42.A　根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知,此处指作者在帮祖母洗碗。凭语境提示可知,洗碗的地方是厨房。结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知,此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲故事,像往常一样,这次她也给作者讲她童年的故事。故分别选B和A。
题型解读
在做完形填空题时,用尽所有办法都不能推断出答案时,还有一个办法,就是排除法。
技法二 巧用排除法
技巧图解
模拟题典例
(2025·浙江1月卷,完形填空片段)
　　“But it’s also a great 53(challenge),for it can sometimes take days to 54(organise) a single event,” Ribeiro said.“This platform is not only
　55　 for professional cooks,but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”
(　　)55.A.selected B.reserved
C.evaluated D.requested
B
答案及剖析:B　根据本句中的“not only...for professional cooks,but also for those willing to discover new experiences”可知,这个平台也适合那些乐意寻求新体验的人,并非只为了专业厨师而保留。四个动词的意思分别是:选择,保留,评估,要求。把四个选项带进去,发现只有B项最合适,其他三项不符合语境。故选B。
三、易错防范,避免失误丢分
完形填空突出词汇语境化的命题原则,要求学生通读短文,掌握文章大意,考查学生综合运用词汇等知识以及对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。学生主要失分原因为词汇选择脱离语境,缺乏从整体掌握语篇的意识。具体表现在:1.熟词生义/一词多义想不到;2.难词僻义未掌握;3.构词知识记不牢;4.文章主线理不清。
熟词生义和一词多义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。
障碍1 熟词生义/一词多义想不到
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空片段)
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 　41　 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.We had decided on key items for the 42(apartment) we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to 43(store) our supposedly important objects.
(　　)41.A.painting over B.looking around
C.emptying out D.pulling down
C
答案及剖析:C　此处是说作者和丈夫刚刚卖掉了他们的房子,此时作者应该是正忙于清空(emptying out) 家中物品,准备搬家。empty形容词活用作动词,故选C。
[典例2]
(2025·山东潍坊一模,完形填空片段)
　　Through my higher education and well into my career as an established professor,I crafted (精心塑造) an image of extreme 42(toughness),never allowing even the slightest sign of weakness to 　43　.I couldn’t tolerate the thought of colleagues 44(questioning) my competence or loved ones perceiving me as anything less than 45(unshakable).
(　　)43.A.explode B.sink
C.expand D.surface
D
答案及剖析:D　根据上文的“I crafted (精心塑造) an image of extreme 42(toughness)”可知,作者塑造的是极其坚韧的形象,所以并不让软弱的迹象表现出来。surface是名词动词化,意为“显露,浮现”,故选D。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空片段)
I sit in my apartment today,loving each of the 　53　 that share our small space.I take 54(joy) in knowing that,somewhere nearby,someone is 55(appreciating) something that couldn’t come with us.
障碍2 难词僻义未掌握
(　　)53.A.giveaways B.posts
C.contributions D.belongings
D
答案及剖析:D　此处指的是作者爱的是与她共用空间的这些物品(belongings)。故选D。干扰项A项giveaways为合成名词,意为“随赠品” 或 “使真相暴露的事物”。
[典例2]
(2025·山东潍坊一模,完形填空片段)
Cautiously,I 49(steeled) myself to reveal bits of my struggles to a few close friends,watching closely for reactions.But to my great 50(relief),they listened without judgment and respected my boundaries and coping process.They helped me see there was no 51(shame) in seeking help,and that even the strongest need support.52(Gradually),I opened up fully to them and 　53　 myself back together.
(　　)53.A.pieced B.called
C.consulted D.packed
A
答案及剖析:A　分析可知,此处意为“渐渐地,我完全向他们敞开心扉,并重新振作起来。” piece oneself back together为固定搭配,意为“重新振作起来”。故选A。
[典例1]
(2023·全国乙卷,完形填空片段)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41(knew) best...
...But it was 45(time) to take the leap (飞跃),however 　46　 it would be.Even at 14,Douglas knew that.So she 47(went off) about 1,200 miles away from home,to 48(train) with a coach from China.She lived with a family she had never 49(met) and everything was new to her.
障碍3 构词知识记不牢
(　　)46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking
C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
B
答案及剖析:B　根据上文的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知,这是令人伤心的(heartbreaking),利用构词法可看出heart+breaking的意思是“令人心碎的,令人伤心的”。故选B。
[典例2]
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空片段)
In April last year,I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41(budget).They could not afford to pay for 42(transportation) for their dog,Tiffy,and 　43　 wanted to take her with them.
(　　)43.A.desperately B.temporarily
C.secretly D.originally
A
答案及剖析:A　根据“wanted to take her with them”可知,这家人非常(desperately)想把狗一起带走。此处利用构词法可看出desperately是由desperate(渴望的)+-ly词缀构成的副词,意为“非常,拼命地”,故选A。
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空片段)
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 41(exercise) seven years ago after having a 　42　 call.She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which 43(ultimately) led her to getting surgery.After that experience,she knew that she needed to make a 44(change).
障碍4 文章主线理不清
(　　)42.A.goodwill B.timeout
C.long-distance D.wake-up
D
答案及剖析:D　通读全文可知,65岁的Evelyn Donohue在收到对她有警醒作用的电话后才决定做出改变,不要一不小心凭思维定式选C项,长途电话。下文的“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues.”也是很好的提示。故选D。
[典例2]
(2024·浙江1月卷,完形填空片段)
　　It would have been easy to 51(rely on) my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed,52(self-educated),and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours,he 53(showed) me just how much one can gain from 54(traveling) with an open mind,and a willingness to 　55　 with locals from all walks of life.
(　　)55.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
D
答案及剖析:D　分析可知,四个选项都可以跟后面的介词with搭配,cooperate with“跟……合作”,side with“支持,站……一边”,negotiate with“跟……协商”,
engage with“与……接触”。再根据整篇文章语境和后文的“with locals from all walks of life”可知,文章讲的是旅行的收获并跟当地各行各业的人接触,D项符合语境。故选D。
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