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(共91张PPT)
专题二　七选五
【命题概述】
1.选材:选材广泛,主要以人与社会主题为主,也出现人与自我、人与自然的话题;以说明文为主,偶尔出现记叙文或议论文。
2.热点:注重生活、学习品质,增强学生自信,如2025年新高考全国Ⅰ卷介绍了一位热爱本职工作的咖啡馆员工,2025年新高考全国Ⅱ卷介绍的是家庭共同参与志愿活动的好处。
3.变化:
(1)减少了对主题句和过渡句的考查,增加了对细节句的考查力度,考查手法更加隐蔽;
(2)内容比较抽象,需要细思量句意;
(3)更注重篇章结构,段与段之间和句与句之间的逻辑关系。
4.建议:在平时练习时,多练习说明文,也要关注记叙文。同时,在做题时要更多地围绕语境去理解上下文,而不是仅仅从词汇的角度孤立地去选答案,要学会挖掘句际关系,从逻辑的角度来解题。
【考情分析】
2023—2025高考七选五考情分析表
年份 卷别 文体 主题语境 语篇话题 小标题 设空位置
段首 段中 段尾
2025 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 热爱本职工作的 咖啡馆员工 无 0 4 1
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 家庭共同参与志愿活动的好处 有 2 2 1
浙江1月卷 说明文 人与社会 有效沟通的方式 有 1 3 1
2024 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 英语词典的使用 无 1 4 0
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免“过度旅游” 无 1 3 1
浙江1月卷 说明文 人与社会 在线学习的利与弊 无 1 4 0
2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 自我宽恕 无 0 4 1
新高考全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与自我 如何开始艺术之旅 无 1 3 1
浙江1月卷 说明文 人与社会 乘坐火车旅行的建议 无 0 5 0
第一讲　设空位置题
命题特点
阅读七选五设空分布均匀,以段中设题为主,兼顾段首和段尾。大部分文本中无小标题。从写作手法上来看,不同位置的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。命题者正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用,来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
1.段落小标题题
题型解读
段落小标题题是一种考查学生对文章段落主旨理解和概括能力的题型,要求学生为文章中的段落选择最能概括段落大意的标题。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
38.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
·39.　　
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
·You’ll have more time with family.
...
A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
...
答案及剖析:C　分析可知,设空处为该段的小标题。根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years...in the years to come.”可知,本段讲的是志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C项中的“lifelong effect”对应下文中的“affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come”,且C项中的“on kids and teenagers”覆盖本段讨论的年龄群体,符合段落主旨。故选C。
[典例2]
(2025· 浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
　　·Don’t use ten words when one will do.
　　Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored.Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.38.As the speaker,you already know what you’re going to say.However,they’re hearing it for the first time.Keep it simple.
·39.　　
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor,manager,trainer or coach,you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
·Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent,consider sending an email.Written communication will give your audience more time to review it,think it over,and follow up with questions.40.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
A.Be patient.
B.Get the audience involved.
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
...
答案及剖析:B　分析结构可知,设空处为该段的小标题。由上段和下段的小标题可知,此处要填一个祈使句,答案从A、B、D三项中选择一项;根据本段后两句可知,本段建议讲话者应该让听众积极贡献想法并参与到讨论中来。因此B项“让听众参与进来”最能概括本段内容。故选B。
2.段首设空题
题型解读
段首设空题是指在段落起始处设置空白,需填入的句子通常为段落主题句、段落过渡句等。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in-person courses.
39.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
40.　　　 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group,or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
...
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
答案及剖析:E　后文“A social connection is often...to ease this problem.(社交通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。)”提到社交的重要性,并指出有缓解某个问题的方法,因此E项“人们对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动。”符合语境,指出在线课程的最大问题是缺乏人际互动,引出后文,后文的this problem指“缺乏人际互动”。故选E。
3.段中设空题
题型解读
段中设空题是指在段落中间位置设置空白,要求学生根据上下文逻辑关系从选项中选出最佳答案的题型。解答此类试题时,尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性,注意各句间的衔接手段。还需要确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句,对于这两类句子,我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said.40.　　　 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
...
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
答案及剖析:G　设空处前一句提到Murphy喜欢在咖啡店工作,设空处后一句讲她要留下来坚持做自己喜欢的事情。所以设空处应继续强调她的坚持与投入,G项符合题意。故选G。
[典例2]
(2025·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.36.　　　 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication,whether written,spoken,formal,or informal,if the message doesn’t come across clearly.Being clear and brief—while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill.
...
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
...
答案及剖析:C　设空处前提到,在沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做太多;设空处后讲的是如果信息没有被清晰地传达出来,那么任何形式的沟通,无论是书面的、口头的、正式的或非正式的,都没有价值。由此可知,设空处强调的应是不要传达过多内容,而是要注重信息的清晰传达,C项符合语境。故选C。
4.段尾设空题
题型解读
段尾设空处多为总结本段内容的总结性语句,即结论句或总结句,偶尔是起承上启下作用的过渡句或对本段上文信息进行补充说明的信息补充句。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that,and more.36.　　
Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,“Hello,how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
...
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
答案及剖析:E　根据设空处前两句和第二段的内容可知,E项起到了承上启下的作用,既呼应了上文中的“just that,and more”,也为下文描述Catherine Murphy的热情服务做铺垫。故选E。
[典例2]
(2025·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
·Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent,consider sending an email.Written communication will give your audience more time to review it,think it over,and follow up with questions.40.　　
Building effective communication skills takes time,but the effects are worth the effort.
...
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G.As the speaker,you already know what you’re going to say.
答案及剖析:F　根据小标题可知,本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方式。设空处前面提到,书面沟通能让听众有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题。F项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处,与上文衔接紧密,属于信息补充句。故选F。
第二讲　词汇线索题
命题特点
为了表达同一主题,作者在文章中会使用一些相同、相近或相反的词汇从不同角度组织表达,还会使用代词指代前面提到的名词,服务于主题。抓住这些词汇线索,就能快速且准确地匹配一些选项。
1.词汇复现法
题型解读
词汇复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系主要是指原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。另外还有同根词复现。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
38.　　　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
...
A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
答案及剖析:E　根据下文中的“Washington University found that...than others their age.”可知,本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E项中的“For adults”对应下文中的“adults 55 and older”,“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”,且E项中的“physical”和“health”在下文中均有复现。故选E。
[典例2]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
　　For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,”wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of “dull”.40.　　　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
...
答案及剖析:D　设空处前一句提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作,设空处后一句讲花几分钟的时间浏览一两页字典是一种有益的体验,D项是作者对字典的评价,dictionary与上文的dictionaries是原词复现;a pleasure与上文的dull形成对比,与上文构成转折关系,属于反义词复现。故选D。
2.代词指代法
题型解读
为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,通常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人物、事物或事件,也可以指代前面提及的名词、名词短语或句子。
技巧图解
真题典例
[典例1]
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
　　Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it’s vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript (原稿).
36.　　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
...
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
答案及剖析:F　设空处前一句提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性。F项是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明,That指代的是“完美的、专业的手稿”。故选F。
[典例2]
(2024·浙江1月卷,七选五片段)
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in-person courses.
39.　　　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
...
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
答案及剖析:D　设空处位于段落中间,设空处后的代词He应该指代空格处的某个人物,即Professor Alex Davidson,因此D项符合上下文语境。故选D。
第三讲　逻辑关系题
命题特点
逻辑关系是阅读七选五的考查重点,掌握必要的逻辑关系对解题意义重大。常见的逻辑关系主要包括总分关系、例证关系、转折/对比关系、并列/递进关系、因果关系、解释关系等。
1.根据总分关系解题
题型解读
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象,后面的句子紧接着分别加以说明。这种组织方式使语段前后呼应,彼此配合,意义表达条理分明。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
　　In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths.”
37.　　　Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
...
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
...
答案及剖析:B　分析结构可知,本题考查总分关系。根据空前的“Personal strengths”及空后的例子可知,该空与列举优点有关。B项承上启下,符合语境。B项与下文构成总分关系,B项是总体概括,下文是具体展开。故选B。
2.根据例证关系解题
题型解读
例证关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证,从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生动,更有说服力。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词(组)有like、such as、for example、for instance、in fact/as a matter of fact、actually、in other words/that is to say等。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2023·全国乙卷,七选五片段)
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra,who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says,“38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors.I find during the winter months,plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity,focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.　　　.
...
D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
答案及剖析:E　本题可以利用例证关系解题。根据上文“There is also research showing...chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知,E项能够承接上文,列举了在这方面效果最好的植物,符合语境。like是解题关键词。故选E。
3.根据转折/对比关系解题
题型解读
如果设空处前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则设空处很有可能是表示转折/对比关系的句子。表示转折/对比关系的连接词有but、 however/
whereas、 nevertheless (然而,不过)、 though、 yet、 in spite of、 at any rate (无论如何)、 in any case (无论如何,不管怎样)、 on the contrary、 by contrast (相反,相比之下)、 by comparison (相比之下)、 otherwise、 not...but...、while等。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
　　In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course,with its 2,672 pages,it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39.　　　 However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,
there’s nothing better.
...
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
...
答案及剖析:A　本题可以利用转折关系解题。设空处后一句说,如果“我”需要查找一个单词的来源或有关其用法的例子,没有什么比字典更好用的了。A项是对字典使用频率的说明,表明“我”不经常用这本字典,与下文构成转折关系。However是解题关键。故选A。
4.根据并列/递进关系解题
题型解读
设空处前后句之间是否含有并列关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词
(组)来判断,如and、first(ly)、second(ly)、then/next、to begin with、for one thing、for another thing、finally/last等,而also、besides、in addition、not only...but (also)...、furthermore、additionally、plus、moreover、what’s more等则表示前后是递进关系。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五片段)
Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.　　　 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,“Hello,how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
...
D. After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
答案及剖析:D　本题可以利用并列/递进关系解题。设空处前一句讲Catherine Murphy在机器之间来回走动为顾客准备饮料,设空处后一句讲她一边把饮料递给顾客一边笑着问候对方。D项正好是饮料制作流程中的一环,与前后内容自然衔接,描绘出她工作的细节。故选D。
5.根据因果关系解题
题型解读
设空处前后句之间是否含有因果关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why、because、since、now that、so、due to、owing to、thanks to、as a result、consequently、result in、on account of、as a consequence、therefore、thus、hence 等。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五片段)
·You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet,research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.37.　　
...
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
答案及剖析:G　根据段落小标题“You’ll feel like you have more time.”及设空处前一句可知,设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G项中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉,与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关系。故选G。
6.根据解释关系解题
题型解读
从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者在提出观点后,紧接着就会对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词(组)有that is(to say)、in other words、namely等。因此,把握文章结构,厘清作者所表达的观点至关重要。
技巧图解
真题典例
(2024·全国甲卷,七选五片段)
Control emotional (情绪的) eating.39.　　　　 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness,loneliness,or boredom.But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions,you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
...
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
...
答案及剖析:B　根据设空处前一句可知,本段主要建议读者不要情绪化地进行暴饮暴食,要进行健康饮食。再根据后一句中的“also”可知,空处也应与人们吃东西的目的有关。B项符合语境,引出下文有些人会通过食物发泄情绪,这都是对段首句的解释说明。故选B。
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