资源简介

(共116张PPT)
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
【题型特点】　词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有：What does the underlined word/phrase“...”in paragraph...mean/refer to？；What's closest in meaning to“...”in paragraph...？；Which of the following best explains“...”underlined in paragraph...？；Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “...”in paragraph...？等。
技法1　根据上下文语境猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例1】　(2025·全国一卷阅读B)
As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed.　　　　　　 B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“staggering”in paragraph 3 mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：
画线词前：老师布置了两个新任务——个人叙事单元和创意写作工作坊，要求仅需符合体裁规范并包含论点。
画线词后：学生选择了多样的主题，交上了 10 到 20 页的故事，故事中的人物拓宽了作者的视野，打动了作者的心。
这些结果表明，学生的作品质量超出了作者的预料，呈现出积极且令人惊叹的效果。
B
技法2　根据逻辑关系猜测词义
【图解技巧】
【典例2】　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.If read by someone poorly educated.
B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C.If written by someone less competent.
D.If translated by someone unacademic.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思相反。
分析解题线索并推断词义：下文提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折词but可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力不足的人写这本书”。
验证词义：下文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好。
C
技法3　根据解释关系猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例3】　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.
C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
[自主解答]　_____
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“declutter” in paragraph 3 mean。
第二步　分析上下文逻辑关系
(1)第三段中，“declutter”前有冒号，说明冒号后的内容是对上文“this philosophy”的具体解释。
(2)上文指出“this philosophy”指代“digital minimalism”。
(3)下文具体描述该方法：要求人们“远离非必要的线上活动30天”，之后仅恢复“少数精选的、能带来巨大价值的活动”。
A
第三步　比对选项与语境
(1)该过程强调“减少而非增加”，排除B(Add-on 附加)和C(Check-in登记)。
(2)强调“主动清理而非接管”，排除D(Take-over接管)。
(3)A(Clear-up清理)最符合“去除冗余、保留精华”的语义，与“declutter”的词义一致。
技法4　根据构词法猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例4】　(新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
25.What do the underlined words“the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to。
第二步　分析上下文逻辑关系
(1)上文提到“forbidden fruit”以及“Grandma's Box”用于暂存这些物品。
(2)下文指出作者会“return the belonging”，说明“the offender”与物品归属有关。
(3)根据构词法，“offender”由“offend”加后缀“-er”(表示“人”)构成，意为“违反规则的人”。
D
第三步　比对选项与语境
(1)选项A(学生家长)、B(盒子制作者)、C(作者的孙辈)均未在文中提及，与上下文无关。
(2)选项D(违禁物品的主人)与“归还物品”的行为一致，且符合“违反规定携带物品”的语境。
(3)文中明确提到“我通常会归还物品”，说明“the offender”正是物品所有者，即违反规定携带违禁品的学生。
【题型特点】　代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有：What does the underlined word“that/this/it/...”in paragraph...refer to？。
【图解技巧】
【典例5】　(2025·全国二卷阅读B)
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
26.What does the underlined word “it”refer to in paragraph 4
A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“it” refer to in paragraph 4。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：上文介绍有些老师不给孩子布置任何作业；他们表达的是同情。下文Ho认为老师这种方式对孩子而言是一种伤害，孩子会认为老师不关心他们的功课。所以“it”指代的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。
C
【题型特点】　高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意理解题。设问方式有：What does the underlined expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean？。
【图解技巧】
【典例6】　(浙江卷阅读B)
Money with no strings attached.It's not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“money with no strings attached”in paragraph 1 mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：定位原文画线句，找到后面的关键信息句“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”，由此可知，如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果需要钱，就可以拿走钞票。人们可以没有“任何附带条件”捐出或者拿走钱。
C
A
(2025·福建龙岩二模) Zhou Donglin is traveling during Spring Festival in Uganda，attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens (镜头).
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，”Zhou says.In December，Zhou's photography work stood out from the more than 37，600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world.
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，” she says.
With her MBA background，Zhou says it's key to picking up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field.“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses，which are very heavy，and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength，”Zhou says.Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger，dirt and sometimes thirst.
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection.
In 2019，she worked with ornithologist (鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild，a non-profit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research，rescue efforts，and ecological photography.Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation，as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful，”Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild.“However，when it comes to follow-up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬临在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩，并通过摄影作品唤起人们对自然保护的意识的故事。
1.Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A.To win international awards.
B.To develop a career in ecology.
C.To engage audiences in natural protection.
D.To stimulate audiences' interest in animals.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中周冬临说的话“I enjoy exploring animal communities and...inspire them to protect nature”可知，周冬临通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。故选C。
2.What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A.The importance of putting life in focus.
B.The need to improve photographic skills.
C.The urgency of building a strong body.
D.The pride in being an outstanding student.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，之前周冬临忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求，车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义，即关注生活的重要性。故选A。
3.What does the underlined word“proceeds”in paragraph 6 refer to
A.Donations.　　　　　 B.Profits.
C.Works. D.Resources.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据第六段最后一句可知，周冬临举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。故选B。
4.According to Zhou，what is the most essential for future actions
A.Groups' effective engagement.
B.Public conservation awareness.
C.More exhibitions of wildlife images.
D.Establishment of more organizations.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，周冬临认为，未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。故选A。
B
(2025·福建厦门二模)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days — that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧).
Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world.For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter.And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight.One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months.“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，”says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter.“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful.”
Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings.“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says.
In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating.But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite: annoying，exhausting or depressing.Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，”she says.
But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain.“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，”Leibowitz says.“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验，还建议人们适应季节变化，同时表达了对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。
5.What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1
A.A reminder. B.A surprise.
C.A day. D.A snowball.
解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合下文“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，one指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。故选C。
6.How does snow change our experience of the world
A.By making musical sounds.
B.By increasing the cold of winter.
C.By exercising our sense of sight.
D.By offering a new look of the world.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world...reflects light in the darker months.”可知，雪改变了我们对世界的物理体验，即通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。故选D。
7.What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters
A.Searching for visual cues.
B.Ignoring negative emotions.
C.Adjusting to seasonal changes.
D.Cleaning unpleasant surroundings.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the right conditions...Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.”可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。故选C。
8.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.Express concern for snow loss.
B.Make predictions of climate change.
C.Present reasons for increased rainfall.
D.Summarize consequences of cold rain.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。故选A。
A篇 核心
单词 1.correspondingly adv.相应地 2.submission n.提交的作品 3.crash n.碰撞；(汽车)事故
4.endurance n.耐力；持久力 5.capture v.捕捉；拍摄 6.institute vt.制定；建立
7.precious adj.珍贵的
熟词生义 bound (生) adj.卧床不起的；(熟)adj.可能的
核心
短语 1.stand out from 从……中脱颖而出 2.reflect on反思
3.pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识 4.give rise to 引起；导致
5.call attention to引起对……的关注 6.commit to 致力于；投身于
长难句
分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection.
分析： 本句为复合句。“Zhou has spent...and wildlife”为定语从句，修饰The years。“motivating her to...their protection”为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
译文：周冬临花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物，这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像，也让她爱上了这些动物，促使她呼吁人们关注动物保护。
B篇 核心
单词 1.freshly adv.刚刚；新近
2.absorb vt.吸收(声音、光等)
3.reveal vt.展现；揭示
4.unfold vt.发展；展开(文中指气候变化加剧)
熟词
生义 1.blanket (生) n. 一层覆盖物；(熟) n.毯子
2.magical (生) adj.迷人的，神奇的；(熟) adj.有魔力的
核心
短语 1.struggle with 与……作斗争；苦于
2.point to 指出；指向
3.take inspiration from 从……中获得灵感
B篇 长难句
分析 Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days — that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.
分析：本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句。
译文：雪能唤起人们对童年雪日的深刻记忆——当又一个本该枯坐教室的上学日，突然变成打雪仗或滑冰的欢乐时光，那种惊喜感至今难忘。
A
(2025·四川第一次联合诊断性考试)“We are like one artist，” says Gustavo Pandolfo.His identical twin brother Otavio nods in agreement，adding，“There is a conversation in the air flying there，but only we can listen to each other.”
The Pandolfo brothers are best known as the twin artists.Their marvelous and playful artworks have graced parks，trains，bridges and countless other outdoor spaces around the world.Major museums，galleries and private collectors have acquired their works.For the 2004 Olympics in Athens，they painted an 82-foot-high giant as a decoration.
“These guys have a way of just using their imagination to create all kinds of magical and unexpected things，”says Dr.Nancy Segal，a psychology professor at California State University，Fullerton.As someone who studies twins，she is not surprised that the connection between Gustavo and Otavio Pandolfo is so strong.“Many twins have what I call a special twin culture with their habits and ways of doing things and understanding things，” she says，“and that's understandable，because they are genetically alike.”
The Pandolfo brothers were born in 1974 into a family of artists and art lovers in S o Paulo，Brazil's most populous city.As kids，they spent their free time breakdancing，DJing and listening to rappers.They also wanted to dress like them.They once showed their grandmother a photograph of an American rapper and actor and asked if she could sew a similar outfit for them.“And she did in two days，” remembers Gustavo.
But it was the Pandolfos' distinctive graffiti (涂鸦) style that gained them art world recognition in Brazil and beyond.Eventually，their graffiti evolved into full-scale，amazing illustrations of human characters and mysterious landscapes.
They create extremely thin lines and delicate shadows.Spray paint is always regarded as being sort of big and bold，but they get incredible amount of detail and have amazing technique.
“Artwork is a door and a mirror，”they explain.“You have to open yourself up in order to feel it.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴西艺术家Pandolfo兄弟，他们以独特的涂鸦风格获得了全球范围内艺术界的认可。
1.What does the underlined word “graced” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Affected.　　　　　 B.Decorated.
C.Transformed. D.Spoiled.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的“Major museums，galleries and private collectors...as a decoration.”可知，他们的艺术作品是美妙的、有趣的，许多重要的博物馆、画廊和私人收藏家都有他们的作品，且他们为2004雅典奥运会绘制了一个82英尺高的巨人作为装饰。这些说明他们的艺术作品能够装饰室内和户外空间，使这些地方更加美观。decorate 与画线词意思相近。故选B。
2.Why does the author mention the brothers' grandmother
A.To emphasize their close family ties.
B.To show the family's support for their art.
C.To praise their grandmother's sewing skills.
D.To illustrate the happiness of their family.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的“The Pandolfo brothers were born in 1974 into a family of artists and art lovers in S o Paulo”可知，Pandolfo兄弟出生于圣保罗一个有着艺术家和艺术爱好者的家庭。下文介绍了他们小时候在空闲时间跳霹雳舞、担任音乐节目主持人、听说唱音乐。他们给祖母看了一张一名美国说唱歌手和演员的服装照片，想让祖母给他们缝一套类似的衣服，她在两天内就做到了。由此可推知，作者提到这对兄弟的祖母是为了强调他们的家庭对兄弟俩在艺术方面的支持。故选B。
3.Which statement are the brothers most likely to agree with
A.Art is only understood by a few people.
B.Creativity is the main approach to creating art.
C.Skill is more important than inspiration in art.
D.Openness is the key to appreciating art fully.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，兄弟俩认为艺术作品就像门和镜子一样，为了感受艺术，你必须敞开自己的心扉。故选D。
4.Which words can best describe the two brothers
A.Humorous and responsible.
B.Understanding and persistent.
C.Imaginative and creative.
D.Individual and sympathetic.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“These guys have a way of just using their imagination to create all kinds of magical and unexpected things”可知，兄弟俩有用自己的想象力来创造一切神奇的、令人意想不到的事物的能力，由此可知，他们是富有想象力的。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，他们创造出极细的线条、微妙的阴影，且能运用喷漆呈现大量细节，这体现出他们是具有创造力的。故选C。
核心
单词 identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的　marvelous adj.极好的，绝妙的，了不起的　playful adj.有趣的，爱嬉戏的，爱玩的　acquire v.获得；学到　full-scale adj.全面的，完全的，彻底的　delicate adj.微妙的；柔和的；精巧的，精致的　incredible adj.极好的，极大的；不可相信的，难以置信的
核心
短语 gain recognition获得认可/赞扬　evolve into逐渐发展成……　be regarded as被认为是，被看作是
B
(2025·太原学业诊断)What should you do if your child steals another kid's toy in a playdate or gets pushed by another kid at the park These are common behaviors for preschoolers who are still learning how to act around others and control their emotions.But for many parents，these moments are a struggle to manage.
“We are put on the spot when we're in public，”says Celina Benavides，a developmental psychologist at Oxnard College in California.“We feel the judgmental eyes from other people，and that can shape how we parent and how children might respond to us.” So，how should parents address their kids' challenging behaviors in public？Benavides explains the reason why sometimes young children suffer meltdown is that they are stuck in a tough situation for them to handle properly.So try to distract them by stepping in timely and offering help they need.
For example，at a park，a boy comes up behind your 2-year-old daughter and hits her on the back of the head so that he can climb the stairs first，but his parents don't say anything or apologize.What would you do？“It's always OK to simply remove your child from situations that don't feel safe.But if you choose to engage，focus first on the harmed child.Then，move on to the child doing the harm，producing a situation to help the children repair the relationship in a healthy way，” says Benavides.
Assuming your 18-month-old son is at a children's party.He grabs an older child's shirt，and then takes a truck toy from his hand! The other child starts crying.Your son looks on，confused.Should the parents get involved in it “Actually，parents' role is to help the kid figure out how to resolve the dilemma on his own，”Benavides says.He also recommends pausing before jumping in，and if you do need to participate，describe what you're seeing and ask questions like “What if we try taking turns？”This allows children to come up with ideas themselves.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕孩子在公共场合出现的一些行为展开，重点阐述家长此时应该怎么做，比如遇到孩子被打时可以把孩子带离不安全的环境，先关注受伤的孩子，再处理实施伤害的孩子等。
5.Why is parenting in public difficult
A.The kids' misbehaviors are tolerated.
B.It's hard to regulate parents' emotions.
C.Parents feel stressed by others' judgement.
D.Adults lack communication skills with kids.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，我们在公共场合时会感到很尴尬，我们能感受到来自他人评判的目光，这会影响我们为人父母的方式，也可能影响孩子对我们可能有的回应。所以在公共场合育儿困难是因为别人的评价会给父母带来压力。故选C。
6.What does the underlined word “meltdown” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Constant fear. B.Emotional outbursts.
C.Physical problems. D.Temporary setbacks.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，有时候小孩子会遭受meltdown的原因是，他们被困在一个艰难的环境中，无法妥善处理。我们可倒推一下，孩子身处这种难以应对的艰难状况又无法妥善处理时可能会出现哭、撒泼打滚等表现出情感上失去控制的状态。由此推测，meltdown应该是指情感上的突然崩溃。故选B。
7.What is suggested by Benavides when kids are in a dilemma
A.Blaming the child doing harm.
B.Presenting children with gifts.
C.Standing by without involvement at first.
D.Keeping kids on the spot.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He also recommends pausing before jumping in”可知，他建议在加入之前暂停一下，即刚开始不要介入。故选C。
8.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How to parent sensibly in public.
B.How to construct family relations.
C.How to develop kids' good manners.
D.How to get on well with other parents.
解析　A　主旨大意题。文章首先指出孩子在公共场合出现的一些常见行为让家长管理起来困难。接着说明家长在公共场合面对这些情况时的压力以及处理这些情况的重要性。然后通过具体例子阐述了Benavides提出的应对孩子在公共场合各类行为问题的建议，包括根据情况选择带孩子离开或按步骤处理冲突、帮助孩子自己解决困境等具体做法。文章大意与A项“如何在公共场合明智地为人父母”吻合。
核心
单词 struggle n.难事　judgmental adj.动辄评头论足的，动辄指责人的　distract v.转移(注意力)，分散(思想)，使分心　involved adj.卷入的；有关的；涉及的
核心
短语 put sb on the spot (提出难题)使某人尴尬，使某人为难　be stuck in陷入，困住　figure out想出，弄明白　come up with想出，提出
C
(2025·郑州第一次质检)A journey to Italy is set to become even more expensive.Last summer，the country introduced a proposal to raise the tourist tax.Currently，many Italian cities charge taxes of up to 5 euros for an overnight stay.The new plan introduces a tiered (阶梯式的) system：5 euros per night for economy rooms under 100 euros，10 euros for standard rooms priced between 100 and 400 euros，15 euros for high-end rooms ranging from 400 to 750 euros and 25 euros for luxury accommodations above 750 euros.
Italy，with its rich cultural heritage and amazing coastlines，has always been a top spot for tourists.However，the increasing number of visitors is becoming overwhelming.According to the World Tourism Organization，Italy welcomed 57.2 million foreign tourists in 2023，which has led to several issues.Fortune Magazine reported loud noise，crowded spaces，important shops being replaced by souvenir stalls and rising rents driven by apartments being changed into short-term rentals (出租房).
The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism.However，some tourists are opposed to the high tax.“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax，” Fabea Wiegand from Switzerland told Fortune Magazine.
While introducing a tourist tax is a method used by many countries to manage tourist numbers，it is essential not to take it to extremes.The Economist emphasizes the crucial role policymakers play in determining the lever of tourism tax.It is important to set a tax that is affordable for most tourists.For instance，Venice charges a day pass of only 5 euros.Despite its small amount，this fee can contribute to enhancing local services such as waste management and heritage preservation，benefiting both residents and visitors.
Even though high tax may prevent some tourists from going to certain destinations，tourism tax is “not a cause for despair” for countries，said The Economist.If tourists choose other destinations due to the tax，lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors.Meanwhile，popular destinations could adapt by promoting more affordable choices to tourists，striking a balance between locals' and visitors' needs and promoting sustainable tourism.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利计划提高旅游税，采用阶梯式收费。该国因游客过多引发诸多问题，此举旨在应对过度旅游。但部分游客表示反对，认为这是在牟取暴利。文章也指出应合理设置旅游税，以推动可持续旅游。
9.What does the underlined word “overwhelming” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enormous. B.Powerful.
C.Frightening. D.Confusing.
解析　A　词义猜测题。画线词在句中作表语，形容游客数量。上文提到意大利有丰富的文化遗产和迷人的海岸线，一直是热门旅游地。画线词前的However一词表示转折，结合画线词后的内容描述可知，游客数量的增长带来了负面的情况。所以这里是说游客数量太多。enormous表示“巨大的，庞大的”，能够表达出游客数量过多的意思。故选A。
10.Why did Italy consider introducing a higher tax
A.To keep visitors from visiting Italy.
B.To increase the profits from tourism.
C.To deal with problems caused by overtourism.
D.To reduce unfair competition in the tourism industry.
解析　C　细节理解题。文章第三段明确提到“The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism.”，这说明意大利考虑提高旅游税是为了解决过度旅游带来的问题。故选C。
11.What was Fabea Wiegand's attitude toward raising the tourist tax
A.Objective. B.Disapproving.
C.Sympathetic. D.Indifferent.
解析　B　观点态度题。根据第三段Fabea Wiegand 的话“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax”可知，Fabea认为提高旅游税是在牟取暴利，并且提示自己会选择去没有这种税的其他国家。这表明其对提高旅游税持反对态度。故选B。
12.What does The Economist think about the tourist tax
A.It may negatively affect local services.
B.It will be harmful to sustainable tourism.
C.It will reduce the inflow of foreign visitors.
D.It may be beneficial to less popular destinations.
解析　D　推理判断题。文章最后一段提到 The Economist 的观点，其中“lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors”说明了The Economist认为旅游税对于不那么受欢迎的地方来说是有好处的。故选D。
核心
单词 economy adj.实惠的，经济的，廉价的　standard adj.常规的，正常的，标准的　price v.给……定价钱　issue n.问题　drive v.迫使，逼得　tackle v.处理，对付(难题)　pose v.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的　promote v.促进，推动；促销，推销；倡议，提倡
核心
短语 be set to do sth很可能做某事　be opposed to sth反对某事物，不赞成某事物　take it to extremes走极端　strike a balance between A and B在A和B之间达到平衡，两者兼顾
A
(2025·石家庄教学质量检测二)Like a lot of Canadians，Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game — lacrosse (长曲棍球)，other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球) that he took much notice.His son，Jack，went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse organization，in the Toronto area，which has been around since 1890.When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014，Mr Suboch，who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto，volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program，which introduced children ages 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship，more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks.They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt.“They are taught to catch，throw，pass and shoot in a non-contact environment，” he said.“You get them running around.Get them away from the screen.It is our national game，so you get them exposed.And sure enough，they caught on.”
To fund the program，Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea.He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances，metal and electronic items，such as computers and cell phones.He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out，so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said.The recycling effort raises around $20，000 annually，which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy.Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，he said，but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动的故事。
1.Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program
A.His son asked him to support the game.
B.The kids' league faced declining participation.
C.He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D.He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014，Mr Suboch...volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the‘Baby Peanut' program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。故选B。
2.What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Learned the rules. .Got injured.
C.Attracted donations. .Became interested.
解析　D　词义猜测题。画线短语前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线短语所在句语境可知，此处画线短语应该表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。故选D。
3.How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program
A.By organizing charity matches.
B.By collecting and selling used items.
C.By charging participation fees.
D.By raising money from the community.
解析　B　细节理解题。第五段首句讲为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew 想出了一个新奇的主意，接着具体讲述这个主意是什么，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。故选B。
4.What can we learn about the program's impact
A.It reduced screen time for children.
B.It increased waste sent to landfills.
C.It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D.It created jobs for the local residents.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，he said，but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，该项目其中的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕时间。故选A。
核心单词 lightweight adj.比通常重量轻的　expose v.使接触，使体验　fund v.(为活动、组织、事件等)提供资金，资助　appliance n.家用电器，家用器具　electronics n.电子设备　landfill n.填埋的废弃物；废弃物填埋场
熟词生义 (1)shoot (Para.4)常用义：v.射击，发射　文章义：v.射门，投篮
(2)novel (Para.5)常用义：n.(长篇)小说　文章义：adj.新颖的，新奇的
(3)cover (Para.5)常用义：v.遮盖；覆盖　文章义：v.足以支付，够付
核心短语 other than 除……之外　excel at擅长　step in 介入，干涉，插手
B
(2025·深圳一模)Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities.It's usually seen as a good thing.But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years，Dr.Mark Leary，a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham，N.C.，has studied the role of people's beliefs in their behavior.He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead people to disastrous decisions.In 1986，NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100，000.It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger.The good news is that there's a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence，and that's what scientists call “intellectual humility”—recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge.They ended up knowing more at the end of the day.But does it actually help you beyond that
To find out more，Dr.Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students.She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding.When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did.Such students thought they got a subject down pat，but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you，researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard.Still，it's important to remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones with new ones.If you find it hard to question a belief，try taking “baby steps”.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了自信虽好，但过分自信可能导致不良后果，而知识谦逊能帮助人们认识到自己的观点可能有误，从而促进学习和成长。
5.Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger
A.To express his sorrow for the loss.
B.To stress the high risk of space flights.
C.To show the result of wrong operation.
D.To give an example of overconfidence.
解析　D　写作意图题。通读第二段，尤其是根据本段中的“He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead people to disastrous decisions.”可知，作者提到“挑战者号”爆炸是为了举例说明过分自信可能带来的严重后果，美国国家航空航天局对太空飞行风险的可能性的过度自信判断可能正是“挑战者号”爆炸的原因。故选D。
6.What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter's research
A.It urged students to gain recognition.
B.It encouraged students to take exams.
C.It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D.It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She found that students with intellectual humility...When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.”可知，Porter的研究发现，那些拥有知识谦逊特质的高中生更有可能检验自己的掌握程度，当他们得到测试分数后会调整自己的学习策略。因此，知识谦逊会激励学生调整学习方法。故选C。
7.What does the underlined phrase “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5
A.Fully mastered a subject.
B.Put great effort into a subject.
C.Really enjoyed a subject.
D.Benefited a lot from a subject.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought”可知，学生在考试中被要求解释某个学科的知识点时，他们发现自己并没有像他们认为的那样理解得那么透彻，也就是说，那些学生原以为自己完全掌握了某个学科，但实际并非如此。故画线短语的意思是“完全掌握某个学科”。故选A。
8.What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs
A.Why questioning our belief is hard.
B.Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C.How to become a confident person.
D.How to practise intellectual humility.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一句话可知，作者建议试着采取小幅度行动去质疑自己的观点，避免过分自信，由此可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何践行知识谦逊。故选D。
核心
单词 overconfidence n.过分自信　intellectual adj.智力的　humility n.谦逊　potential adj.潜在的，可能的　strategy n.策略，战略
难句
分析 Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did.(Para.5)
分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Students might sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves；句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students；if引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句。
译文：那些认为自己的知识不可能错误的学生可能只是顺利度过学习阶段，而不会停下来问问自己是否真正理解了所读、所听或所做的内容。
C
(2025·东北三省三校联考)In a drawing room in rural Oxfordshire，an artist slowly and deliberately puts pen to paper.Her arm moves across the canvas，the marks gradually integrating into a portrait of herself.It seems like a moment of creative expression.But this is no ordinary artist—she is the world's first humanoid robot artist，Ai-Da.By design，her very existence brings into question how we define art，and who，or in this case，what，can create it.
Will AI algorithms (算法) and robots like Ai-Da mean the end of human creativity and artistry，or can they strengthen our own creative potential When Marcel Duchamp proposed that a urinal (小便池) be considered art，he flipped the art world on its head.In much the same way，AI-created artworks are changing the standard of the art world，because both were controversial and contain objects that haven't technically been created by an “artist's” hand.
Someone argues that a humanoid artist like Ai-Da represents society's current fears—the rise of job-stealing AI algorithms and potential robot domination.But technological revolutions like artificial intelligence don't necessarily mean the “end of art” as many fear.Instead，they can help to kick-start an artistic transformation and move us towards different ways of seeing and creating.“AI might kick us into being creative again as humans，” says mathematician du Sautoy，who sees it as a powerful partner in the pursuit of human creativity.
However，questions of authorship haunt the artificial intelligence story.Artists Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst co-founded Spawning AI，which aimed at empowering human creators to prohibit AI from using their works.But there are also artists who see AI as a new outlet for their own creativity.Some artists are now even training algorithms in an attempt to push their own creative boundaries.
It's clear that AI algorithms and machines like Ai-Da are having an impact on the art world.Their works are exhibited alongside more traditional forms of art worldwide.Next year we'll see the world's first AI art gallery open its doors in LA.Eva J ger，the creative AI lead，is also helping to bring AI art to the masses，with a programme of exhibitions leading to critical discussion about the impact of technology on art.She sees the cooperation between humans and machines as a space for real creative potential.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以人形机器人艺术家Ai-Da为例，探讨了人工智能算法和机器人对艺术的影响。
9.What does the phrase “flipped the art world on its head” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Overturned the art standards. B.Dominated the art world.
C.Broadened artists' horizons. D.Recognized artists' wisdom.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Marcel Duchamp proposed that a urinal (小便池) be considered art”和“In much the same way，AI-created artworks are changing the standard of the art world...by an ‘artist's’ hand.”可知，Marcel Duchamp提议将小便池视为艺术以及人工智能创作的艺术品都引发了争议，并且都包含严格意义上并非由“艺术家”创作的物品，人工智能创作的艺术作品正在改变艺术世界的标准。由此可推断，flipped the art world on its head表达的意思与A项意思相近，即颠覆了艺术标准。故选A。
10.What influence will Ai-Da generate on the art world
A.It will increase the commercial value.
B.It will replace human artists soon.
C.It may boost human creativity.
D.It may help artists protect their works.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead，they can help to kick-start an artistic transformation and move us towards different ways of seeing and creating.”和“AI might kick us into being creative again as humans”可知，像Ai-Da这样的人形机器人艺术家可能会激发人类的创造力。故选C。
11.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Spawning AI helps produce better art works.
B.Some artists trained AI to work for them.
C.AI art gallery will win over more visitors.
D.Eva looks favorably to the future of AI.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Eva J ger，the creative AI lead，is also helping to bring AI art to the masses”和“She sees the cooperation between humans and machines as a space for real creative potential.”可知，Eva帮助将人工智能艺术带给大众，并认为人类与机器人合作为真正的创作潜力提供空间，说明她对人工智能的未来持乐观态度。故选D。
12.What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To argue that AI will eventually outperform human artists.
B.To explore the impact of AI on art definition and creativity.
C.To promote the idea that artworks created by AI lacks value.
D.To record the history of art movements and their significance.
解析　B　写作意图题。文章开篇以人形机器人艺术家Ai-Da为例，引出人工智能与艺术的话题。接着阐述了人工智能算法和机器人的出现给艺术世界带来的诸多影响，还提及了不同的人对人工智能艺术的看法。综合全文内容，作者旨在探讨人工智能对艺术定义和创造力的影响。故选B。
核心
单词 deliberately adv.不慌不忙地　humanoid adj.类人的　controversial adj.有争议的 kick-start v.启动　empower vt.授权　outlet n.发泄途径　boundary n.极限
核心
短语 bring...into question对……提出疑问　aim at 力求达到　prohibit...from doing sth　禁止……做某事　push one's own creative boundaries 挑战自己的创作极限
A
(2025·潍坊阶段性调研监测)The joys of the night ride were the joys of feeling present in my body again.Cycling felt like a celebration of dynamic energy，of blood and bone—a reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning despite the two heart operations I had as a kid，which took me out of sports entirely.I remember the doctor's orders：no football，no physical education.
They told me I was fragile (脆弱的)，and so I became fragile.I was in middle school then.It felt as if my body had been taken away from me.They put me in a combination swing-dance-and-painting class instead.But the doctors never said no cycling，and for a brief moment in central Texas，biking became more popular than football，which saved my social life.I still believe that the speed，the wind and the blood in the ears on a silent street can do that to my body—bring it back to life once again.
As time wore on，I developed an affection for the night ride.Below the whoosh (呼啸声) of the wind，I listened for my heart，then the rhythm of my tires over sidewalk.The pain of hard physical effort would pale，not to mention the wind buffeting my face.The rough road constantly told me that there was a road beneath my tires and the possibility of travel.The stress on both the body and the bike made real what I'd suspected all along：Although removed from my family，my friends，my former life，I still existed in these streets.
There was a frivolity (轻松感) to the night ride，too，a kind of frivolity I hadn't felt past years.I'd spent so much time sitting at a desk，sitting in bed，sitting on a sofa.My days were defined by constant anxiety and fear，and the world felt like a thing that happened to me，not something I could participate in.But during the night ride，I paid attention only to the moment.If I didn't，I'd hit the pothole (坑洼) in the road.So by necessity，I became present，and I felt present，which is to say everything started to feel fun again.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因心脏手术无法参加体育活动，但后来通过夜骑使身体重新焕发活力，同时也找到了生活的意义所在的故事。
1.What made the author have to choose the night ride
A.The doctor's advice. B.Poor health.
C.Heavy schoolwork. D.Cycling's popularity.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning...remember the doctor's orders：no football，no physical education”可知，作者因小时候做过两次心脏手术而无法进行体育锻炼，但夜骑能够让作者知道自己的身体还是健康的；再结合第二段的“They put me...But the doctors never said no cycling”可知，一系列不感兴趣的课程让作者感到很不舒适，于是作者选择了骑行这一锻炼方式，而且医生对此并未禁止。由此可推知，作者选择夜骑是因为自己的身体状况不佳，于是想要选择一种运动来使自己的身体焕发活力。故选B。
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The author's energy got restored.
B.The author's figure got reshaped.
C.The author's body became flexible.
D.The author's mind became strong.
解析　A　代词指代题。画线词前提到了speed，wind，blood这三个与夜骑有关的元素，即说明“夜骑时作者会身处一条寂静的街道，骑行的速度、骑行时的风和作者体内血液的流动让作者的身体处于某种状态”；破折号后的bring it back to life once again应是在解释破折号前的内容，且此处it指代破折号前的my body，故可推知，此处说明作者认为夜骑能够让自己的身体恢复活力。故选A。
3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.The changes of the author's life.
B.The difficulties in biking at night.
C.The reasons for enjoying the night ride.
D.The doubts about the author's social life.
解析　C　段落大意题。通读第三段，作者先表明自己对夜骑的热爱，而后具体说明了夜骑过程中自己的内心感受(聆听自己内心的声音和车轮轧过人行道时的节奏)，这让作者忘记了体育锻炼所带来的痛苦；之后又说明夜骑让作者明白了旅行的无限可能和活在当下的重要性。由此可推知，作者在该段主要从身心等多方面解释了自己喜欢夜骑的原因。故选C。
4.What does the author want to convey by mentioning the past in the last paragraph
A.Life is about going with the flow.
B.The past is full of endless regrets.
C.Living for the moment is necessary.
D.Learning from the past is invaluable.
解析　C　写作意图题。通读最后一段，作者对比了过去的生活和开始夜骑后的状态变化。作者过去的生活充满了焦虑和恐惧，一直在消极被动地接受生活中发生的一切，而夜骑教会作者关注当下，感受现在，让作者重拾生活乐趣。故作者提到自己过去的生活状态，是为了与夜骑后的状态形成对比，强调活在当下的重要性。故选C。
核心单词 dynamic adj.动力的；动态的；精力充沛的 affection n.喜爱，钟爱　rhythm n.节奏，韵律　buffet v.猛击，连续拍打　define v.给……下定义
核心短语 take sb out of sth 使某人退出/无法参与某事　wear on(时间)慢慢流逝　not to mention更不用说
B
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)For thousands of years，people around the world have told myths about the Moon and how it came into being.Now，new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago.
Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars，called Theia，collided (碰撞) with the Earth. This caused magma to blast out into space.The magma cooled into solid rocks that started orbiting the Earth in rings，like Saturn has.Gradually，those rocks clumped (聚集) together to form the Moon.
Scientists worked out how old the Moon is by studying rocks gathered from the surface in 1972—the last time humans set foot on the Moon.Astronauts collected the samples using a lunar rake，dragging it through the dust on the surface to collect rocks that were between one and three centimetres wide.The samples contained zircon crystals，a type of mineral that would have formed after the Earth and Theia collided and the magma cooled down.Scientists have studied the samples before but a new scanning technique，called “atom probe tomography”，helped them to study the crystals in more detail and calculate the Moon's age more accurately.
The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.Life on the Earth was only possible after the Moon had formed，so scientists want to learn more about when it happened.Professor Philipp Heck，who worked on the study，said，“It's a part of our natural system that we want to better understand.”
Before NASA landed astronauts on the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s，there were other theories about how the Moon formed.One suggested that the Moon was floating through space and was captured by the Earth's gravity.Another said that the Earth started spinning so quickly that some bits of it broke off and went into orbit.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，月球比科学家认为的要老4 000万年，大约在44.6亿年前形成。
5.What's the purpose of the research
A.To know more about the Earth.
B.To find out how the Moon formed.
C.To work out how the astronauts landed on the Moon.
D.To study the rocks gathered from the surface of the Moon.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago”可知，新研究的目的是研究月球是如何形成的，故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The collision.　　 B.Theia.
C.The Earth. D.The size of Mars.
解析　A　代词指代题。画线词的前一句讲许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的；再结合画线词所在句的“caused magma to blast out into space”可知，这导致岩浆喷射到太空中。由此可推知，This指代前一句中的碰撞，故选A。
7.What is the latest belief of the Moon's formation
A.It is the result of collision of two planets.
B.It was dragged to its location by the Earth's gravity.
C.It was shaped by the bits which broke off the Earth.
D.It crashed into space by accident.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的，故选A。
8.What are the major effects the Moon has on the Earth
A.Daytime and directions.
B.Weather and geography.
C.Seasons and tides.
D.Weights and lives.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.”可知，月球很重要，因为它影响着地球上的事物，比如潮汐、季节和天气，故选C。
核心
单词 myth n.神话，神话故事；虚构的东西　reveal v.揭示，显示，透露　orbit v.沿轨道运行，围绕……运动n.(天体等运行的)轨道　sample n.样本v.抽样检验，取样，采样　drag v.(使劲而吃力地)拖，拉，拽，扯　mineral n.矿物，矿产；(某些食物中的)矿物质　calculate v.计算，核算；预测　land v.(使)着陆，降落，靠岸，登陆　float v.浮动，漂流，飘动，飘移　capture v.俘获；攻占；夺得；(用图画、文章、电影等准确地)表达，刻画，描述　gravity n.重力，引力　spin v.(使)快速旋转
核心
短语 come into being形成，开始存在　work out计算出(答案、数量、价格等)；(问题)逐渐解决；锻炼，健身　set foot on sth进入，访问，参观(某地)　in more detail更详细地　break off断开，断裂
C
(2025·济南一模)Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound (蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite (石笋).Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，” he says，“I could remember the smell.”
Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.Outfitted with a high-resolution camera，he began photographing the mounds and sharing his imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest，they generate formic acid (蚁酸)，the origin of the smell，which helps to fight against enemies.
But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants' range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law.
Today Arndt's photos on display show that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。Arndt通过对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性。
9.How was Arndt's first encounter with the ant mound
A.It reminded him of a bad experience.
B.It left him an unforgettable memory.
C.It aroused his enthusiasm for nature.
D.It inspired him to protect the forests.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘All my life，’ he says，‘I could remember the smell.’”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味印象深刻，这次经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B。
10.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The wooded area. .The mound maker.
C.The keystone species. .The entire ecosystem.
解析　D　代词指代题。根据it所在的句子可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，以至于如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应。所以，画线代词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。故选D。
11.What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants
A.Their worsened habitats. .Their changing behavior.
C.Their severe competition. .Their limited population.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，近几十年来，由于森林遭到伐木、城市化、野火以及干旱和高温的影响，蚂蚁的数量持续下降，由此可知，蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化而引起的。故选A。
12.What is the text mainly intended to tell us
A.Massive lives exist on earth.
B.Tiny species count in nature.
C.Social creatures live in groups.
D.Little ants are master architects.
解析　B　写作意图题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段中的“They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.”可知，文章通过讲述Arndt对红木蚁的研究，说明了它们是关键物种之一，对生态系统的许多方面产生影响，强调了这些微小的物种在生态系统中的重要性。故选B。
核心
单词 enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的　bend n.(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯，弯道investigate v.调查，侦查(某事)　perspective n.态度，观点，思考方法　so-called adj.所谓的　ecosystem n.生态系统
display v.显示，显露，表现　complex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的
熟词生义 outfit (Para.2)常用义：n.全套服装　文章义：v.装备，配置设备
核心短语 armies of 大批的，大量的　turn out 结果为
fall victim to成为……的牺牲品/受害者
难句
分析 Today Arndt's photos on display show that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.(Para.4)
分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Arndt's photos on display show that...；句中that引导宾语从句，从句中使用not only...but also...结构；creating...species为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
译文：如今，Arndt的照片展示了这些小蚂蚁作为社会昆虫，不仅形成了复杂的社会结构，而且它们还与各种物种共同生活，形成了跨越多种植物和动物物种的大量共存关系。

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