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(共26张PPT)
Unit 3　
Growing Up
第三课时　Section A
(Grammar Focus 4a—4d)
人教版 八年级 英语（下）
Warming up
Look at the pictures below. How do they feel in such situations Can you give them some advice
Scene 1
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
Scene 2
You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
Scene 3
You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel.
Read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold and translate the sentences into Chinese.
4a
Grammar Focus
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.
You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel.
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
尽管有过争吵，但你们依然是亲密无间的朋友。
直到你跟他谈的时候，你才能明白他的感受。
你可以给父母写信，这样他们就能了解你的感受。
如果你做错了事或说错了话，你应该道歉。
although的用法
Although sleep is so important, many people these days are not getting enough. 尽管睡眠如此重要，但现在仍有很多人睡眠不足。
Although David has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future. 尽管戴维失败了很多次，但他总是对未来充满希望。
although作连词，意为“尽管；然而”，引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，相当于though。
Although the machine is old, it still runs well.
=The machine is old, but it still runs well.
尽管这台机器老旧了，但是它依然运行良好。
在英语中，表示“虽然……但是……”时，although/though 不能和but在同一个句子中使用但可以与yet still同时使用。
until的用法
①主句是肯定句时，其谓语动词用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生时为止，译成“直到……为止”。
until作连词，意为“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，具体用法有：
I’ll stay here until you come back.
我会待在这里，直到你回来。
②主句是否定句时，其谓语动词用非延续性动词，强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始，一般译成“直到……才……”。
We can’t get off the bus until it stops.
直到公共汽车停下来我们才可以下车。
They didn’t go home until they finished their work.
他们直到完成工作才回家。
so that的用法
so that意为“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开，相当于in order that，从句谓语中多含有can、could、may、might等情态动词。
I gave you a map so that (=in order that) you wouldn’t get lost. 我给你一张地图以免你迷路。
I hope to bring erhu to the world so that more people can learn about traditional Chinese music. 我希望将二胡推广到全世界，让更多人了解中国传统音乐 。
The movie was boring so that half of the audience was asleep.
这部电影太无聊了，所以一半的观众都睡着了。
so that 还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。 此时从句谓语中通常不含情态动词。
____ Zhang Guimei isn’t in good health, she works hard to help her students.
A. Although B. If
C. Because D. When
句意为“尽管张桂梅身体不好，她还是努力工作去帮助她的学生们。”
如果
当……的时候
尽管
因为
A
Exercise
although的用法
until的用法
引导时间状语从句
引导让步状语从句
不与but连用
主句是肯定句时，谓语动词用延续性动词；主句是否定句时，谓语动词用非延续性动词
although
until、so
that引导的
状语从句
Summarize
so that的用法
引导目的状语从句，从句谓语中多含有can、could、may等情态动词
引导结果状语从句，从句谓语中通常不含情态动词
although
until、so
that引导的
状语从句
Complete the sentences with although, until, so that, or if.
4b
If
Although
so that
1. you feel upset about something, you should speak to a person you trust about it.
2. people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did it on purpose.
3.Talk to your loved ones whenever you feel good or bad you can double your joy and cut your problems in half.
4.You won’t understand why she got upset you put yourself in her shoes.
until
put oneself in sb.’s shoes设身处地；处于某人的境地
Complete the sentences with although, until, so that, or if.
4b
4c
There are many things you can do when you feel stressed. First, you can take a break from what you are doing. This will help you clear your mind. You can listen to music or go for a walk. Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. The person might not have any advice for you, but talking about your problems can help you feel better. Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise, and get enough sleep. These three things alone are great for reducing stress!
shut... away 把……关（藏）起来；隔离
最后
从……中休息一下
share... with... 与……分享……
Read the passage about managing stress. Then complete the sentences.
1. If___________________, you should take a break from what you are doing.
2. You can talk to a person you trust, although
_______________________________________.
3. You might not feel better until __________________ _________________________________.
4. You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep, and exercise so that _______________________!
you feel stressed
the person might not have any advice for you
you talk about your
you can reduce stress
problems with someone you trust
4d
Complete the sentences and share your ideas.
1.If I spend more time studying, ____________
________________.
2._________________________until you can control
your anger.
3.Although others might say bad things about you,
___________________________.
4.________________________ so that I’ll be happier.
maybe I will
Don’t say anything to others
you should believe in yourself
I want to make more friends
get better grades
Language points
1、Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did it on purpose. 尽管有时可能会有人伤害你，但这并不总是意味着他们是故意这么做的。
purpose n. 目的；意图 on purpose故意；有意地
I’m sorry, sir. I didn’t do that on purpose just now.
对不起，先生。我刚才不是故意那样做的。
The purpose of world Book Day is to encourage people to enjoy reading. 世界读书日的目的是鼓励人们享受阅读。
2、Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 接下来，与你信任的人分享你的问题，而不是封闭自己。
shut v. 关闭；合上；住嘴
过去式和过去分词均为 shut。
shut sb. /sth. away把……关/藏起来；隔离
shut down 停业；倒闭；关闭
shut up 闭嘴
Some writers will shut themselves away to write.
一些作家会把自己关起来写作。
The theatre shut down after more than half a century. 半个多世纪后，剧院关闭了。
Just shut up and listen!
住口，听着！
3、Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. 最后，记得照顾好自己。
lastly
at last
最后
用以引出所列事情中的最后一项或最后一点。
终于
强调经过很长一段时间，尤其是经过困难或耽搁之后的事。
Lastly, I’d like to ask about your future plans.
最后，我想问一下你的未来计划 。
We reached the summit at last.我们终于到达了山顶。
4、You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep...
你应该吃健康的食物，保证充足的睡眠……
plenty pron. 充足；丰富；大量
plenty of 意为“充足；大量”，既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词，相当于a lot of/lots of
We have plenty to talk about.
我们有说不完的话。
There are plenty of leaves on the ground.
地上有很多落叶 。
Homework
Write a short passage about a problem you had and how you solved it.Include details like what happened(using “if” for conditions)，when you took action(using “until”)，why you chose that way
(using “so that”)，and any contrast(using “although”).Then，read it aloud and
check for grammar mistakes.

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