资源简介

Unit 7　Art
主题语境:人与社会之艺术
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
【单元名句赏析】
1.Art is much less important than life,but what a poor life without it!
—Robert Motherwell
艺术远没有生活重要,但是没有艺术的生活是多么乏味呀!
——罗伯特·马瑟韦尔
2.Art is the mold of feeling as language is the mold of thought. —Lange
艺术是感情的模制品,犹如语言是思想的模制品。
——朗格
3.Art is the right hand of nature.The latter only gave us being,but the former made us men.
—Schiller
艺术是自然的右手。自然只让我们存在,而艺术使我们成为人类。 ——席勒
【主题语段赏记】
1.There is no denying that he was a genius in many artistic aspects,because he was not only a talented musician and painter,but also an excellent performer of modern drama.
2.After he returned home in 1910,he became an editor of a best-selling newspaper and took charge of advertisement.
3.In 1918,he didn’t hesitate to become a monk and became remarkable in this mysterious and complex field.
4.He was born in 1880,during his youth, he appreciated Kang Youwei’s political opinions and followed him faithfully, which, however, was not acceptable at that time.读后续写高分进阶
深挖教材·素材积累
教材美句背诵
1.One day in February 1824, at his little house in Vienna, Austria, Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled. (P14)
1824年2月的一天,在奥地利维也纳的小房子里,路德维希·凡·贝多芬靠在椅背上微笑着。
2.For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score. (P15)
在一个多小时的时间里,贝多芬在乐队前面跳跃着,在空中忘情地挥舞着手臂,疯狂地翻动乐谱。
3.The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.(P15)
房间里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是创作者。
教材佳句品鉴
一、品用词之妙
This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange-red sky.
品鉴:利用单词熟词生义增强语言表达的丰富性和可读性,如set在此处意为“以……为背景”,表示人物被设置在一座桥上;against在此处意为“以……为背景,衬托”,表示背景是燃烧的橙红色天空。
仿写提升 完成句子
His red clothes stood out clearly against the white snow.
他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
二、品句式之美
It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night.
它展示了一所美丽的房子,它被里面的灯光照亮了,被夜晚的黑暗所包围着。
品鉴:这是一个主从复合句。a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night为省连接词that的宾语从句,其中含有两个过去分词短语作定语的非谓语结构,均修饰a beautiful house,使用复合句增加句式的多样性,非谓语结构的使用使表达更加丰富多样。
仿写提升 完成句子
The snow lasted a week,resulting in a traffic jam in the whole area.
大雪持续了一个星期,导致整个地区交通堵塞。
三、品描写之韵
He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night. 他还服用了一种能让人们看到黄色斑点的药物,就像《星空》中的星星一样。
品鉴:本句运用了“明喻”修辞手法,达到了进一步解释说明的效果。
仿写提升 完成句子
真正的友谊犹如健康,直到失去时才知其可贵。
True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.
续写进阶·技能点拨
环境描写——日月星辰、江河湖海
一、主题词汇
名词 sky天空　sun太阳　moon月亮;月球　star星星　sunlight阳光　moonlight月光　night黑夜 sunset 日落　ferry 渡船;渡口　ripple 涟漪　lakeside 湖边,湖畔 动词 shine闪耀;闪亮　bath沐浴　dot点缀　twinkle闪烁;闪耀　sparkle闪烁;闪耀　blink眨眼;闪烁 overlook俯瞰;俯视　reflect 反映;反射　glitter/spark/shine 闪光;闪烁　roar 咆哮
形容词 overhead头顶上的　pale苍白的　dazzling 眼花缭乱的　starry 布满星星的　cloudless 万里无云的　broad 宽广的　still 静止的　vast 广阔的　shallow 浅的　muddy 泥泞的,浑浊的　bottomless 深不见底的　winding 蜿蜒的,弯弯曲曲的　rough 汹涌的,风浪大的　sparkling 波光粼粼的,闪烁的　choppy 波浪起伏的,汹涌的　glassy 像玻璃镜面一样光滑的,平静清澈的
二、主题词块
1.spectacular sunrise　　　壮观的日出
2.the starry sky 布满星星的夜空
3.dim moonlight 月色朦胧
4.the cloudless sky 晴朗的天空
5.burst through the clouds 破云而出
6.hide behind the clouds 躲在云后
7.be bathed in the silver moonlight 沐浴在银色的月光下
8.glittering surface 波光粼粼的水面
9.to wind through 弯弯曲曲地流过
10.the placid surface of the lake 平静的湖面
11.to roar down the mountain (水流)从山上咆哮而下
12.to see right to the bottom (水很清澈)直接看到底部
三、主题句式
1.By 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the rain had stopped and the sky was curdled gray burdened with lumps of dark clouds.
下午三点,雨停了,天空灰蒙蒙的,乌云密布。
2.The sky was pale with light blue.Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon, expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter.
天空是淡蓝色的。不久,天边出现了一道粉红色的曙光,逐渐扩大,越来越亮。
3.At first, the sky was dark, but soon a crescent moon slowly revealed its smiling face from the clouds.
一开始天空漆黑一团,但不久一轮弯月从云中缓缓露出笑脸。
4.There’s not a single sound at night.Only the glowworms are still awake, carefully weaving a picture in the night sky.夜里一点声音都没有,只有萤火虫还醒着,小心翼翼地在夜空中织着一幅画。
5.A furious gale rose and stirred up the sea.
狂风骤起,大海咆哮不断。
6.It was morning, and the new sun sparked gold across the ripples of the gentle sea.
清早,初升的太阳照着平静的海面,微波荡漾,闪耀着金色的光芒。
7.We stepped barefoot on the soft sandy beach, the waves poured on my calf, as if my mother was gently touching me, and my heart was suddenly warm.
我们光着脚丫踩在软绵绵的沙滩上,浪花扑过来打在我的小腿上,仿佛妈妈正在温柔地抚摸着我, 我的心里顿时暖暖的。
8.The water of the lake was touched by the golden rays of the morning sun. How peaceful and beautiful it looked to him!
湖水被金色的朝晖抚摸着,在他看来,那是多么静谧和美丽啊!
情境应用
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.The sky is blue and the sun is shining(阳光明媚).
2.The moon is shining brightly in the night sky(在夜空中闪耀).
3.The sky is dotted with stars(繁星密布).
4.The clouds parted and the sun shone(太阳出来了).
5.The hills are bathed in the sunlight(沐浴在阳光下).
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.海浪永不平息。
The waves of the sea are never at rest.
2.微风在湖面上吹起了涟漪。
A gentle breeze made little ripples on the lake.
3.咆哮的大海渐渐平静下来了。
The roaring sea gradually calmed down.
4.海还是安安静静的,好像睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。
The sea was still quiet as if it had fallen asleep, without wind or waves.
Ⅲ.片段续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文,写作时尽量使用表示“日月星辰”的词汇和句式。
I am Sadie.I love oceans, especially the one near my grandma’s house with beautiful shells.Why That’s what I am about to tell you.
When we arrived, Grandma told me to go upstairs and unpack my things while she spoke to my mother.When I saw a blue and green painted room with a huge window and a comfortable bed, I thought, moving to Florida might not be that bad. I comforted myself as I walked towards the window.I opened the curtains and saw sky-blue waves slowly washing away the sand on the beach and sea birds flying in the clear sky.The ocean was only a few hundred meters away from here.
　　After my mother left, Grandma softly touched my shoulder, “I want to take you to the place I called ‘the Big Blue’.And I think you might like it.” (I guess you could know where it is.)
　　Before I stepped on the sand I could smell the ocean.Together we enjoyed the sunset with a whole lot of yellow and orange.Suddenly she picked out the most beautiful shell I had ever seen in my life.It was almost gold, shining in the sunlight.I couldn’t move my eyes off it.
注意:续写词数应为100个左右。
　　“The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
1.通读文,把握原文要领
(1)体裁:记叙文
(2)故事主线和线索:
①本文讲述了妈妈知道作者喜欢大海,所以决定把作者送到海边的奶奶家去散心。到了奶奶家之后,奶奶用她自己的经历给作者解开了心结,重拾好心情的故事。
②续写线索:去海边的奶奶家——奶奶带作者观海——欣赏大自然美景——重拾好心情
2.细读续写段首句,推测故事情节
由续写段首句内容“奶奶说:‘这里美丽的贝壳给了我生存的勇气。’”可知,续写段要写作者的奶奶告诉作者,观看美丽的大自然会给作者带来美好的享受。作者心情好起来,并相信自己会振作起来。
【参考范文】
“The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.“Honey, you are still happy.Your mother rang me this morning, telling me that you love oceans.Therefore, I brought you here.Also I hope you can get inspiration and courage.” Hearing this I looked up at the blue sky and the vast sea.The sun was shining.Suddenly, I felt a little relaxed and natural, and held the firm belief that I must cheer up, just like the most beautiful shell bathed in the sunlight, full of colors.
阶段综合测评,请使用　“单元形成性评价(一)”Unit 7　Art
Part 1　Topic Talk
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.Peking opera 　　　 京剧
2.jazz band 爵士乐队
3.classical and modern ballet 古典与现代芭蕾舞
4.drama school 戏剧学校
5.the calligraphy competition 书法比赛
6.the components of a machine 机器部件
7.a costume designer 戏装设计师
8.in the shade of the wall 在墙根的背阴处
9.a romantic atmosphere 一种浪漫的气氛
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.perform vi.&vt.表演;演出→performance n.表演;演出→performer n.表演者;演奏者;演员
2.exhibit vt.展览→exhibition n.展出(会),展览
3.comedy n.喜剧片;喜剧节目→comedian n.喜剧演员; 滑稽演员
4.talent n.才能;天才;天资→talented adj.有才能的;有天资的
5.month n.月→monthly adv.每月地;每月一次地
6.uplift v.抬起,举起;振奋,鼓舞→uplifting adj.令人振奋的
Ⅲ.根据情境和提示完成对话
M: Today I’m talking to Amy Manero, who has played the piano for 12 years. Amy, how did you start
W: I played classical music with my piano teacher every week until I began secondary school.1.I gave up extra lessons then(那时我放弃了额外的课), even though my school music teacher Mrs Jones said I needed more practice.
M: And then you started jazz.2.Did you enjoy playing jazz(你喜欢演奏爵士乐吗)
W: Well, my school was starting a jazz band, so I joined. And I couldn’t understand the music at first, so I got quite annoyed at it.3.But after a while I began to love it(但过了一段时间,我开始喜欢上它了), so for a year I studied all I could on jazz.
M: And you also write an article on the Internet
W: Yeah, it’s like a diary.4.I write about my favorite musicians(我写我最喜欢的音乐家). And I talk about music shows I attend.
M: So what do you think of the music of those musicians at that music show
W: Their music can sound just 5.as great played by an older musician as it can(和一位老音乐家演奏得一样好) by a younger person like me.
M: Amy, thanks very much.
核心考点·探究内化
学习提示:例句及练习中的阴影词汇为课时词汇复现
1.performance n.表演;演出
(经典例句)To his amazement, the bee began to perform a dance on the honeycomb.
使他惊奇的是,那只蜜蜂开始在蜂巢上跳起舞来。
(教材原句)I really enjoy dance and band performances and I often watch Beijing Opera.
我真的喜欢舞蹈和乐队的表演,我经常看京剧。
【精要必记】
(1)give/put on a performance　　演出
(2)perform 　　　　　　 v.表演,表现;运转;履行,执行
perform one’s promise 履行某人的承诺
perform an experiment 做实验
perform a(n)...role in... 在……中起……作用
(3)performer n.执行者,表演者,演奏者
【知识宽一度】perform串记
The performance given by this performer who often performed in public was a great success.这位经常在公共场合表演的演出者所做的表演非常成功。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He was a poor performer(perform) at school and left with no qualifications.
②Your performance(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①(应用文之通知)我们学校的英语角将于5月15日晚上7点在学校礼堂上演戏剧《哈姆雷特》的舞台表演。
The English Corner of our school will give a stage performance of the play Hamlet at 7:00 p.m. on May 15th in the school auditorium.
②医生要开始动手术了,所以请保持镇静。
The doctor is going to set out to perform the operation, so please keep calm.
③(应用文之观点表达)风俗在节日中起到一个非常重要的作用,但是有时候它们会随着时间改变。
Customs perform an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change with time going by.
2.exhibition n.展览,显示;展出(会);展览品
(经典例句)This gallery only exhibits the works of conventional art.这个画廊只展出传统艺术作品。
(2024·九省联考)You know, the college is preparing a photography exhibition next month.
你知道,学院下个月要准备一个摄影展。
【精要必记】
(1)an exhibition of sth. 某物的表现,显示,表演
on exhibition=on show=on display 展览;显示
(2)exhibit vt.展览;显示
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①We were treated to an exhibition of the footballer’s speed and skill.
②At the fair, related books, pictures, videos and objects will be exhibited(exhibit).
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
届时将展出各种各样的乐器,开阔参观者的视野。
→Various instruments will be on exhibition, which will broaden visitors’ horizons.(exhibition)
→Various instruments will be exhibited, which will broaden visitors’ horizons.(exhibit)
3.talented adj.有才能的;有天资的
(应用文之活动报道)Then there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students.
届时将有才华横溢的学生表演各种精彩的节目。
【精要必记】
talent 　　　　　　　　 n.天才;才干
have/show a talent for 有/显示出……天赋
be gifted/talented in 有……天赋
【知识深一度】 微观talent与gift
talent常指后天通过努力具有的某种特殊才能,尤指艺术面的天分,一般不用复数;gift多指先天不需努力、与生俱来的优秀能力,可以用复数。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①(应用文之人物介绍)She is a talented(talent) English teacher,from whom we students can learn a lot.
②Tom showed a talent for developing the relationship between teams.
③It is well known that Mary has a talent for teaching.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
如果你没有体育天赋,但仍然热衷于参与,请加入志愿者小组,帮助使这个重要的活动取得巨大的成功。
If you are not talented/gifted in sports but still keen on participating, please join the volunteer group to help make this important activity a great success.
4.professional adj.专业的;职业的;职业上的 n.专业人员;职业运动员
(应用文之求助信)I’d appreciate it if you could give me some professional guidance.
如果你能给我一些专业指导,我会很感激的。
【精要必记】
(1)profession 　　　　　 n.职业;专业
(2)professor n.教授
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The buildings as well as the artworks of the Forbidden City are well preserved by professional(profession) staff.
②Some famous professors(professor) will be invited to be judges and make remarks about the performances of the competitors.
5.stage n.舞台;讲台;阶段
(读后续写之心理描写)I was about to get on the stage when negative thoughts flooded into my mind.
当我准备上台时,消极的想法涌进了我的脑海。
【精要必记】
on (the) stage　　　　 在舞台上
go on the stage 当演员,上舞台
【知识宽一度】
　　名词stage(舞台;阶段)、situation(情况;形势;处境;位置)、position(位置;处境)、case(情况)、 occasion (场合)等充当先行词时,如在从句中作地点状语,常用where引导定语从句。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①At the same time, it can give us a stage where we can exchange our thoughts with each other.
②Thinking and writing are different stages (stage) of mind at work.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
我正准备上台,这时老师提醒我越自信,就越有可能成功。
I was about to go on the stage when my teacher reminded me that the more confident I was,the more likely I was to make it. Part 4　Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
书面表达·思维导引
写一封正式邮件(Write a Formal E-mail)
【文本研读】
Task 1文本概览·厘清结构
1.Skim and reorder all the parts of a formal email.
①Conclusion　②Beginning　③Body

答案:②③①
2.Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph 1:State the (1)purpose of the letter and introduce self simply.
Paragraph 2:Ask something about (2)the film festival.
Paragraph 3:Express personal (3)wishes.
Task 2佳句品味·体会表达
邮件写作有关的句子:
(1)I am writing to ask for information.
(2)Could you tell me if this kind of film would be acceptable
【写作指导】
1.题型解读
本单元的写作项目属于应用文中的电子邮件。正式电子邮件包括收件人地址、寄件人地址、邮件的主题、开头、正文、结束语和签名。
(1)首先要明确写给谁,用语要适当。不同的收件人,语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写词语,但正式的邮件不能用俚语或缩写词语。
(2)要清楚地陈述写信目的、清楚地提出问题。写电子邮件要直接,对重点部分要作详细介绍。
2.锦囊妙计
【语料积累】
1.教材词汇
(1)youth n.(青)少年
(2)contest n.比赛,竞赛
(3)acceptable adj.可接受的
(4)individual n.个人,个体
(5)appreciate vt.感激;欣赏
(6)faithfully adv.忠诚地,忠实地
2.常用词块
(1)appeal to 吸引
(2)true to life 逼真的
(3)on exhibition/display 在展览
(4)range from...to... 范围;从……到……
(5)apply... to... 把……应用于……
(6)sense of beauty 美感
(7)abstract art 抽象艺术
(8)art gallery 艺术馆
3.话题句式
(1)段首句
①I am writing to invite you to the Traditional Chinese Festival Exhibition to be held in our school.
我写信是想邀请你参加在我们学校举行的中国传统节日展览。
②I’m very delighted to write a letter to tell you something about Chinese paper-cutting exhibition.
我很高兴写信告诉你一些关于中国剪纸展览的情况。
③Knowing that you are interested in Chinese art and culture, I’m writing to invite you to attend the Traditional Chinese Folk Art Exhibition to be held at the Art Center in our school at 9 am this Saturday.
知道你对中国艺术和文化感兴趣,我写信邀请你参加本周六上午9点在我们学校艺术中心举行的中国传统民间艺术展览。
(2)主体段落句
①Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
一些经典作品不但让我们喜悦和兴奋,而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。
②The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
这次展览为当地艺术家们提供了展示他们自己作品的机会。
③Most people invited to the opening ceremony were famous artists.
被邀请参加开幕式的大部分人是著名的艺术家。
④Last week, I was off to the gallery, where many abstract oil paintings, ranging from the 13th century to the 20th century, were exhibited.
上周我去了画廊,里面有很多抽象派油画在展出,这些作品时间跨度从13世纪到20世纪。
⑤It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.
这是一幅吸引人的绘画,色彩和光线的使用都十分巧妙。
(3)段尾句
①I believe if you follow my advice, you will get along well with your parents.
我相信如果你听从我的建议,你会和你的父母相处得很好。
②I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
我盼望很快收到你的来信。
③Please give my regards to your family.
请代我向你的家人问好。
④If you want to know more about similar activities, you can e-mail me.
如果你想了解更多类似的活动,可以给我发邮件。
【实践应用】
　　假定你是李华,你在美国某高中做交换生,你校校报新开了“中国文化”专栏,邀请你介绍中国传统绘画艺术,请给校报编辑写一封回信介绍该艺术形式,内容包括以下要点:
1.写信目的;2.中国画的特点;3.著名的中国画家。
注意:1.可适当增加细节,以使结构完整,行文连贯;
2.词数80个左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
参考词汇:专栏 column　 中国画 Chinese painting
Dear editor,
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
写作思维流
Step 1:谋篇布局
Step 2:遣词造句
1.我很高兴收到你的邀请。(invitation)
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.
2.在校报专栏介绍中国画是我的荣幸。(honor)
To introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s newspaper is my honor.
3.中国画可以追溯到2 000多年前。(date back to)
Chinese painting can date back to more than 2,000 years ago.
4.它最受欢迎的题材主要有三种。(consist of)
Its most popular themes consist of three major kinds of subject matter.
5.三种主要的题材是鸟和花,人和乡村的风景,山和海。(major,kinds of)
Three major kinds of subject matter are birds and flowers, people and landscapes of the countryside, and mountains and sea.
6.在中国绘画史上,有许多著名的画家。(there be句型)
There were many famous painters in the history of Chinese painting.
7.如今,它变得越来越受欢迎。(popular)
Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular.
8.中国画在世界上享有很高的声誉。(be highly thought of )
Chinese painting is highly thought of throughout the world.
Step 3:句式升级
9.把第2句改为it作形式主语的句式
It’s my honor to introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s newspaper.
10.把第4、5句合并为定语从句
The most popular themes of traditional Chinese painting consist of three major kinds of subject matter, which are birds and flowers, people and landscapes of the countryside, and mountains and sea.
11.用such as扩充第6句
In the history of Chinese painting, there were many famous painters, such as Tang Bohu, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, and so on.
12.把第7、8句合并为并列句
Nowadays, Chinese painting is becoming more and more popular and highly thought of throughout the world.
Step 4:完美成篇
Dear editor,
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.It’s my honor to introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s newspaper.
As an important part of Chinese culture, Chinese painting can date back to more than 2,000 years ago.Its most popular themes consist of three major kinds of subject matter, which are birds and flowers, people and landscapes of the countryside, and mountains and sea.In the history of Chinese painting, there were many famous painters, such as Tang Bohu, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, and so on.Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular and highly thought of throughout the world.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ.阅读EAST MEETS WEST,完成下面的线索框架图
A Chinese Master
How many paintings Zhang Daqian created one year
　↓1.an average of 500 paintings a year
Who taught Zhang Daqian first
　↓2.his mother and siblings
What interested Zhang Daqian most in painting
　↓3.traditional Chinese painting
How Zhang Daqian learned his painting
　↓4.by travelling extensively
A Spanish Pioneer
What Pablo Picasso started
　↓5.Cubism
What kind of family Pablo Picasso was born into
　↓6. a creative family in the Spanish city of Malaga
What Pablo Picasso’s father did for him
　↓7.encouraged and taught young Pablo
East Meets West
When Zhang Daqian visited Picasso
　↓8.in 1956
What Zhang Daqian and Picasso did after meeting
　↓9.gave each other some artworks
What Pablo Picasso asked Zhang Daqian to do
　↓to teach him how to 10.draw bamboo
What Zhang Daqian did in 2011
　↓pushed Picasso off 11.the top of the list of best-selling artists in the world
Ⅱ.阅读EAST MEETS WEST,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
1.Zhang Daqian’s painting styles are various.(　T　)
2.Zhang Daqian was first taught how to paint by some famous artists. (　F　)
3.Zhang Daqian studied Buddhist mural paintings in Dunhuang. (　T　)
4.Pablo Picasso had an important influence on Symbolism and Surrealism. (　T　)
5.Zhang Daqian and Picasso admired each other. (　T　)
Ⅲ.Read GRAFFITI: FROM VANDALISM TO STREET ART and write down the events which happened on these dates mentioned.
In the 1960s Graffiti first 1.became popular in the United States.
In the 1970s Most people 2.hated graffiti.
In the early 1980s There was 3.a craze for graffiti.
Nowadays Graffiti has 4.the status of “street art”.
Ⅳ.阅读GRAFFITI: FROM VANDALISM TO STREET ART,简要谈谈你对涂鸦的认识(80个词左右)
Nowadays, graffiti has become a movement expressing the street culture of young people. I think graffiti is a kind of art. It can express a kind of thought, a kind of yearning, and can make people have a kind of spiritual sustenance.It does not have too many rules and regulations, which allows it to be created freely.It is full of pure breath and vitality.As long as it is painted in the appropriate position, it is a beautiful sight of the city!
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1.Not only was he extremely productive - it is said that he created an average of 500 paintings a year—but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles, ranging from detailed portraits to expressive landscapes.
译:他不仅极其高产——据说,他平均每年创作了500幅画——而且他也能够掌握各种绘画风格,从详细的自画像到富有表现力的风景画。
2.It is said that the two artists admired each other.
译:据说这两位艺术家彼此欣赏。
3.Born into an artistic family, Zhang Daqian was first taught how to paint by his mother and siblings.
译:张大千出生在一个艺术世家,他的母亲和兄弟姐妹首先教他如何绘画。
4.Up to the 1970s, most people hated graffiti,considering it disgusting.
译:直到20世纪70年代,大多数人都讨厌涂鸦,认为它令人作呕。
核心考点·探究内化
1.appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏
(应用文之申请信)I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。
We all appreciate the sportsmanship of the athletes in the Hangzhou Asian Games.
我们都欣赏杭州亚运会运动员们的体育精神。
图解助记
知识宽一度 如此“感激”
appreciate表示“感激”时,后面要跟动词-ing形式作宾语,而且后面的宾语一般是事情或it,不跟sb.。appreciate sb.意为“重视,赏识某人”,如果表示“感激某人”用thank sb.。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate your writing (write) back to me as soon as possible.
②I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①如果您能提供一些帮助,并通过发邮件到lihua@联系我,我将非常感激。
I would really appreciate it if you could provide some help and contact me by e-mailing me at lihua@ .
②能够受到尊重我们不胜感激。
We appreciate being treated with respect.
③他眼里含着感激的泪水,哽咽着感谢这个过路人,“太感谢你了!”
With tears of gratitude hanging in his eyes,he thanked the passerby with a lump in his throat,“Thank you so much!”
④我给他写了一封信以表示我对他的体贴关怀的感谢。
I wrote him a letter to show my appreciation of his thoughtfulness.
2.faithfully adv.忠实地,忠诚地
Faithfully speaking, apart from the ending, it’s really a good film.
老实说,除了结局之外,这真的是一部好电影。
(读后续写之动作描写)Supported by this faith, Grandma attempted to stand up every day.
在这种信念的支持下,奶奶每天都试图站起来。
【精要必记】
(1)faith 　　　　　　n.信任;信心
have/lose faith in sb.　 对某人有/失去信心
keep faith with 对……信守(诺言)
(2)faithful adj.忠实的;守信的
be faithful to sb./sth. 忠诚于某人/某事
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①History faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
②Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other.
③I have lost faith in that company, but I kept faith with the manager.
【美句·锻造】 同义句替换
If we are confident in ourselves, nothing can defeat us.
=If we have faith in ourselves, nothing can defeat us.
3.expressive adj.富于感情的;明确表露想法的
The clay sculpture is a highly expressive form of art and at its most basic,it relies just on the hands as tools.
泥塑是一种极具表现力的艺术形式,究其根本,它只靠双手作为工具。
【精要必记】
(1)express 　　v.表达,表露;表现,体现
express oneself 表达自己的思想
(2)expression n.表达,表示;表情,神情
beyond expression/words 难以言表
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She expresses herself(her) most fully in her paintings.
②He must have known something was up by the expression(express) on my face.
③Idioms make language more colourful and expressive(express).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
景色美得无法形容。
The scenery is so beautiful that it is beyond expression/words.
4.permission n.允许;许可
(读后续写之动作描写)Finally, the father explained why he took his daughter to the United States without her mother’s permission.
最后,父亲解释了为什么他没有征得女儿母亲的同意就把她带到了美国。
【精要必记】
(1)without permission　未经允许
with one’s permission 在某人允许的情况下
ask for permission 请求许可
give sb.permission 许可某人
(2)permit vt.允许,许可 n.许可证
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
weather/time permitting 天气/时间允许的话(作状语)
知识宽一度
permission为不可数名词,而permit用作名词时,则为可数名词,意为“许可证”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.
②Many beasts lived in the garden and they were permitted to eat (eat) the fruits whenever they wished.
③I can’t remember what it was that made the teacher give Mary the permission(permit) to leave the class earlier.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①你若没有驾驶证,就不允许开车。
Without a driver’s permit,you are not permitted to drive the car.
②我们出去之前,我得给我妈妈打个电话征得她的同意。
I need to call my mother and ask for permission before we go out.
5.threatening adj. (行为)带有威胁的
(应用文之征文投稿)A few decades ago, the lack of food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people.
几十年前,缺乏食物是威胁中国人的主要问题之一。
【精要必记】
(1)threaten v.威胁,恐吓
threaten sb.with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事;即将做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁,恐吓
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①There was something threatening (threaten)in the man’s voice.
②Needless to say, she didn’t feel threatened(threaten) when I competed against her at the next show.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时,我们才能停止对地球的威胁。
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to our planet.
6.messy adj.脏的;凌乱的
(读后续写之动作描写)Outside the messy kitchen, Hildy had a good idea, eyes falling on the blankets. 在凌乱的厨房外面,希尔蒂有了一个好主意,他的眼睛看向了毯子。
图解助记
知识宽一度
The children messed up/made a mess of everything in the room.That is to say,the room is in a messy situation.孩子们把房间里的所有东西弄得乱七八糟。也就是说,这个房间处于很乱的状态。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She was angry at seeing the kitchen in a mess, the drawers all open, and some oil on the floor.
②The local economy is now getting into a mess.
③Dad cooks when Mum is busy, and he makes me clean up my messy(mess)room.
【美句·锻造】 翻译句子/完成句子
①当他们回到房子里时,他们看到房间里一片狼藉。
When they were back into the house, they saw the room in a total mess.
②不要把你的生活搞得一团糟。
Don’t make a mess of your life.
③在那些诸事不顺的日子里,本可以避免的错误都同时发生了,我的生活完一团糟。
In those rough times, mistakes, which could have been avoided, were crowding in at the same time and my life was totally messed up.
7.admiration n.敬佩;羡慕
(读后续写之语言描写)With much admiration, I asked, “What drives you to maintain good health ”
我满怀钦佩地问:“是什么让你保持身体健康 ”
(应用文之人物介绍)As for me, my English teacher is the person I admire most.
就我而言,我的英语老师是我最敬佩的人。
【精要必记】
(1)have/express admiration for表达对……的钦佩
(2)admire vt.钦佩,羡慕;欣赏
admire sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事羡慕某人
admire the scenery 欣赏风景
(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的;极其出色的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She admired him for the way he dealt with the situation.
②We are full of admiration(admire) for the space heroes.
③Responsibility is an admirable (admire) character that makes life better for everyone around you.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们在山门口停下来欣赏风景。
We stopped on the mountain pass to admire the scenery.
②看到像你们这样职在这里工作的人员,我们感到很敬佩。
We have great admiration for seeing full-time staff working here as you are.
8.据说,听说……
It is said that the two artists admired each other.
据说这两位艺术家互相欣赏。
句型解构
　　本句是一个含有主语从句的复合句,其中It is said that...意为“据说,听说……”。
(1)用于本句型的动词还有 think、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
(2)It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that...=Sb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...to do sth.=people +say/think/believe/report/consider/suppose...that...
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……
(3)Sb./Sth.be said to do...意为“据说……”,其中,不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done):
Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①It is said that Tom has committed himself to working for our company.
②On this day, the moon is said to be (be)its biggest and brightest.
③People believe that arriving at your friend’s home early is polite in China.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译/完成句子
①据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。
→It’s said that Tom has been back from abroad.
→Tom is said to have been back from abroad.
②据报道,所有幸存的华南虎都是人工饲养的。这令人担忧。
It is reported that all surviving South China tigers are artificially raised, which is worrying.
③人们相信,在我们的共同努力下,未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。
It is believed that with our joint efforts we can have cleaner oceans in the future.
【要点拾遗】
1.average adj.平均的,一般的 n.平均数 v.平均为
(读后续写之人物描写)I was considered as a very average student at school. As a result, some of my classmates would make fun of me at times.
我在学校被认为是一个很普通的学生。结果,我的一些同学有时会取笑我。
【精要必记】
above/below (the) average在一般水平以上/以下
on (the/an) average 按平均数计算;平均地
up to the average 达到平均水平
知识宽一度
Tom’s work at school is above (the)average,while Harry’s is below (the) average.
汤姆在学校的成绩在一般水平以上,而哈利的成绩在一般水平以下。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She runs on average about 15 miles every day, whatever the circumstances, whatever the weather.
②Humidity(湿度)will also be a factor, averaging(average) at 41 percent.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①在老师的帮助下,玛丽的物理成绩已达到平均水平。
With the help of the teacher, Mary’s physics is now up to the average.
②他的学习成绩远远高于平均水平,但他仍然很谦虚,乐于助人。
His academic performance is well above (the) average, but he is still humble and helpful.
2.as well as同……一样好;也,和
(读后续写之人物描写)Gradually, I found Henry was really an excellent listener as well as a good adviser.
渐渐地,我发现亨利不仅是个很好的顾问,而且是个很棒的倾听者。
【精要必记】
(1)as well　　　也;又;还
(2)may/might as well do sth. 最好做某事;做……倒也无妨
知识宽一度
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个相同的成分,如名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等;其后接动词时,动词多用v.-ing形式;连接两个并列的主语时,其谓语动词常与前面的主语保持一致。
(2)as well 常放在句子末尾,作副词短语使用,意思接近too,但不用逗号隔开。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①As well as studying(study) hard, I’ve been involved in social activities.
②The former president, as well as his family members, has been invited(invite) to visit China next month.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①卡尔花时间把书寄给了你;你不妨花点时间读一读。
Carl took the time to send the book to you; you might as well take some time to read it.
②冬天即将来临,山丘威胁着周围的村庄,因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤,还会引发严重的洪水。
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
课时巩固训练,请使用　“课时过性评价 四”
“单元素养培优(一)”(共66张PPT)
书面表达·思维导引
阅读体验·能力深化
核心考点·探究内化
Part 4　Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
书面表达·思维导引
写一封正式邮件(Write a Formal E-mail)
【文本研读】
Task 1文本概览·厘清结构
1.Skim and reorder all the parts of a formal email.
①Conclusion　②Beginning　③Body

答案:②③①
2.Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph 1:State the (1)________ of the letter and introduce self simply.
Paragraph 2:Ask something about (2)_______________.
Paragraph 3:Express personal (3)_______.
purpose
the film festival
wishes
Task 2佳句品味·体会表达
邮件写作有关的句子:
(1)I am writing to ask for information.
(2)Could you tell me if this kind of film would be acceptable
【写作指导】
1.题型解读
本单元的写作项目属于应用文中的电子邮件。正式电子邮件包括收件人地址、寄件人地址、邮件的主题、开头、正文、结束语和签名。
(1)首先要明确写给谁,用语要适当。不同的收件人,语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写词语,但正式的邮件不能用俚语或缩写词语。
(2)要清楚地陈述写信目的、清楚地提出问题。写电子邮件要直接,对重点部分要作详细介绍。
2.锦囊妙计
【语料积累】
1.教材词汇
(1)youth n.(青)少年
(2)contest n.比赛,竞赛
(3)acceptable adj.可接受的
(4)individual n.个人,个体
(5)appreciate vt.感激;欣赏
(6)faithfully adv.忠诚地,忠实地
2.常用词块
(1)appeal to 吸引
(2)true to life 逼真的
(3)on exhibition/display 在展览
(4)range from...to... 范围;从……到……
(5)apply... to... 把……应用于……
(6)sense of beauty 美感
(7)abstract art 抽象艺术
(8)art gallery 艺术馆
3.话题句式
(1)段首句
①I am writing to invite you to the Traditional Chinese Festival Exhibition to be held in our school.
我写信是想邀请你参加在我们学校举行的中国传统节日展览。
②I’m very delighted to write a letter to tell you something about Chinese paper-cutting exhibition.
我很高兴写信告诉你一些关于中国剪纸展览的情况。
③Knowing that you are interested in Chinese art and culture, I’m writing to invite you to attend the Traditional Chinese Folk Art Exhibition to be held at the Art Center in our school at 9 am this Saturday.
知道你对中国艺术和文化感兴趣,我写信邀请你参加本周六上午9点在我们学校艺术中心举行的中国传统民间艺术展览。
(2)主体段落句
①Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
一些经典作品不但让我们喜悦和兴奋,而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。
②The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
这次展览为当地艺术家们提供了展示他们自己作品的机会。
③Most people invited to the opening ceremony were famous artists.
被邀请参加开幕式的大部分人是著名的艺术家。
④Last week, I was off to the gallery, where many abstract oil paintings, ranging from the 13th century to the 20th century, were exhibited.
上周我去了画廊,里面有很多抽象派油画在展出,这些作品时间跨度从13世纪到20世纪。
⑤It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.
这是一幅吸引人的绘画,色彩和光线的使用都十分巧妙。
(3)段尾句
①I believe if you follow my advice, you will get along well with your parents.
我相信如果你听从我的建议,你会和你的父母相处得很好。
②I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
我盼望很快收到你的来信。
③Please give my regards to your family.
请代我向你的家人问好。
④If you want to know more about similar activities, you can e-mail me.
如果你想了解更多类似的活动,可以给我发邮件。
【实践应用】
　　假定你是李华,你在美国某高中做交换生,你校校报新开了“中国文化”专栏,邀请你介绍中国传统绘画艺术,请给校报编辑写一封回信介绍该艺术形式,内容包括以下要点:
1.写信目的;2.中国画的特点;3.著名的中国画家。
注意:1.可适当增加细节,以使结构完整,行文连贯;
2.词数80个左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
参考词汇:专栏 column　 中国画 Chinese painting
Dear editor,
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
写作思维流
Step 1:谋篇布局
Step 2:遣词造句
1.我很高兴收到你的邀请。(invitation)
___________________________________
2.在校报专栏介绍中国画是我的荣幸。(honor)
___________________________________________________________________
_______
3.中国画可以追溯到2 000多年前。(date back to)
______________________________________________________
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.
To introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s newspaper is my
honor.
Chinese painting can date back to more than 2,000 years ago.
4.它最受欢迎的题材主要有三种。(consist of)
______________________________________________________________
5.三种主要的题材是鸟和花,人和乡村的风景,山和海。(major,kinds of)
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
6.在中国绘画史上,有许多著名的画家。(there be句型)
_____________________________________________________________
Its most popular themes consist of three major kinds of subject matter.
Three major kinds of subject matter are birds and flowers, people and
landscapes of the countryside, and mountains and sea.
There were many famous painters in the history of Chinese painting.
7.如今,它变得越来越受欢迎。(popular)
____________________________________________
8.中国画在世界上享有很高的声誉。(be highly thought of )
_____________________________________________________
Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular.
Chinese painting is highly thought of throughout the world.
Step 3:句式升级
9.把第2句改为it作形式主语的句式
________________________________________________________________
___________
10.把第4、5句合并为定语从句
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
It’s my honor to introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s
newspaper.
The most popular themes of traditional Chinese painting consist of three major
kinds of subject matter, which are birds and flowers, people and landscapes of
the countryside, and mountains and sea.
11.用such as扩充第6句
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
12.把第7、8句合并为并列句
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________
In the history of Chinese painting, there were many famous painters, such as
Tang Bohu, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, and so on.
Nowadays, Chinese painting is becoming more and more popular and highly
thought of throughout the world.
Step 4:完美成篇
Dear editor,
I’m very glad to receive your invitation.It’s my honor to introduce Chinese painting in the column of our school’s newspaper.
As an important part of Chinese culture, Chinese painting can date back to more than 2,000 years ago.Its most popular themes consist of three major kinds of subject matter, which are birds and flowers, people and landscapes of the countryside, and mountains and sea.In the history of Chinese painting, there were many famous painters, such as Tang Bohu, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, and so on.Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular and highly thought of throughout the world.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ.阅读EAST MEETS WEST,完成下面的线索框架图
A Chinese Master
How many paintings Zhang Daqian created one year
　↓1._______________________________
Who taught Zhang Daqian first
　↓2.______________________
What interested Zhang Daqian most in painting
　↓3.__________________________
an average of 500 paintings a year
his mother and siblings
traditional Chinese painting
How Zhang Daqian learned his painting
　↓4._______________________
A Spanish Pioneer
What Pablo Picasso started
　↓5.________
What kind of family Pablo Picasso was born into
　↓6. ________________ in the Spanish city of Malaga
What Pablo Picasso’s father did for him
　↓7._____________________ young Pablo
by travelling extensively
Cubism
a creative family
encouraged and taught
East Meets West
When Zhang Daqian visited Picasso
　↓8.________
What Zhang Daqian and Picasso did after meeting
　↓9.____________________________
What Pablo Picasso asked Zhang Daqian to do
　↓to teach him how to 10.______________
What Zhang Daqian did in 2011
　↓pushed Picasso off 11.__________________________________ in the world
in 1956
gave each other some artworks
draw bamboo
the top of the list of best-selling artists
Ⅱ.阅读EAST MEETS WEST,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
1.Zhang Daqian’s painting styles are various.(　 　)
2.Zhang Daqian was first taught how to paint by some famous artists. (　 　)
3.Zhang Daqian studied Buddhist mural paintings in Dunhuang. (　 　)
4.Pablo Picasso had an important influence on Symbolism and Surrealism. (　 　)
5.Zhang Daqian and Picasso admired each other. (　 　)
T
F
T
T
T
Ⅲ.Read GRAFFITI: FROM VANDALISM TO STREET ART and write down the events which happened on these dates mentioned.
In the 1960s Graffiti first 1._______________ in the United States.
In the 1970s Most people 2.______ graffiti.
In the early 1980s There was 3.________ for graffiti.
Nowadays Graffiti has 4.__________of “street art”.
became popular
hated
a craze
the status
Ⅳ.阅读GRAFFITI: FROM VANDALISM TO STREET ART,简要谈谈你对涂鸦的认识(80个词左右)
Nowadays, graffiti has become a movement expressing the street culture of young people. I think graffiti is a kind of art. It can express a kind of thought, a kind of yearning, and can make people have a kind of spiritual sustenance.It does not have too many rules and regulations, which allows it to be created freely.It is full of pure breath and vitality.As long as it is painted in the appropriate position, it is a beautiful sight of the city!
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1.Not only was he extremely productive - it is said that he created an average of 500
paintings a year—but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles, ranging
from detailed portraits to expressive landscapes.
译:________极其高产——据说,他平均每年创作了500幅画——__________能够掌
握各种绘画风格,从详细的自画像到富有表现力的风景画。
2.It is said that the two artists admired each other.
译:______这两位艺术家彼此欣赏。
他不仅
而且他也
据说
3.Born into an artistic family, Zhang Daqian was first taught how to paint by his
mother and siblings.
译:张大千出生在一个艺术世家,他的母亲和兄弟姐妹首先教他__________。
4.Up to the 1970s, most people hated graffiti,considering it disgusting.
译:直到20世纪70年代,大多数人都讨厌涂鸦,________________。
如何绘画
认为它令人作呕
核心考点·探究内化
1.appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏
(应用文之申请信)I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。
We all appreciate the sportsmanship of the athletes in the Hangzhou Asian Games.
我们都欣赏杭州亚运会运动员们的体育精神。
图解助记
知识宽一度 如此“感激”
appreciate表示“感激”时,后面要跟动词-ing形式作宾语,而且后面的宾语一般是
事情或it,不跟sb.。appreciate sb.意为“重视,赏识某人”,如果表示“感激某人”用thank
sb.。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate your ________(write) back to me as soon as possible.
②I would appreciate ___if you could give me some advice on how to solve these
problems.
writing
it
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①如果您能提供一些帮助,并通过发邮件到lihua@联系我,我将非常感激。
___________________________you could provide some help and contact me by
e-mailing me at lihua@ .
②能够受到尊重我们不胜感激。
We _______________________with respect.
I would really appreciate it if
appreciate being treated
③他眼里含着感激的泪水,哽咽着感谢这个过路人,“太感谢你了!”
With tears of gratitude hanging in his eyes,he ____________________with a lump in
his throat,“Thank you so much!”
④我给他写了一封信以表示我对他的体贴关怀的感谢。
I wrote him a letter to ______________________________________.
thanked the passerby
show my appreciation of his thoughtfulness
2.faithfully adv.忠实地,忠诚地
Faithfully speaking, apart from the ending, it’s really a good film.
老实说,除了结局之外,这真的是一部好电影。
(读后续写之动作描写)Supported by this faith, Grandma attempted to stand up every day.
在这种信念的支持下,奶奶每天都试图站起来。
【精要必记】
(1)faith 　　　　　　 n.信任;信心
have/lose faith in sb.　 对某人有/失去信心
keep faith with 对……信守(诺言)
(2)faithful adj.忠实的;守信的
be faithful to sb./sth. 忠诚于某人/某事
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①History __________(faith) records the development path of each country and foretells
the future to us.
②Besides, it is also very important that friends should be ________(faith) to each other.
③I have lost faith ____that company, but I kept faith ______the manager.
【美句·锻造】 同义句替换
If we are confident in ourselves, nothing can defeat us.
=If we _____________ourselves, nothing can defeat us.
faithfully
faithful
in
with
have faith in
3.expressive adj.富于感情的;明确表露想法的
The clay sculpture is a highly expressive form of art and at its most basic,it relies just on the hands as tools.
泥塑是一种极具表现力的艺术形式,究其根本,它只靠双手作为工具。
【精要必记】
(1)express 　　 v.表达,表露;表现,体现
express oneself 表达自己的思想
(2)expression n.表达,表示;表情,神情
beyond expression/words 难以言表
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She expresses _______(her) most fully in her paintings.
②He must have known something was up by the __________(express) on my face.
③Idioms make language more colourful and __________(express).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
景色美得无法形容。
The scenery is so beautiful that it is _______________________.
herself
expression
expressive
beyond expression/words
4.permission n.允许;许可
(读后续写之动作描写)Finally, the father explained why he took his daughter to the United States without her mother’s permission.
最后,父亲解释了为什么他没有征得女儿母亲的同意就把她带到了美国。
【精要必记】
(1)without permission　 未经允许
with one’s permission 在某人允许的情况下
ask for permission 请求许可
give sb.permission 许可某人
(2)permit vt.允许,许可 n.许可证
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
weather/time permitting 天气/时间允许的话(作状语)
知识宽一度
permission为不可数名词,而permit用作名词时,则为可数名词,意为“许可证”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The rules of the school do not permit _________(park) near the school gate.
②Many beasts lived in the garden and they were permitted _______(eat) the fruits
whenever they wished.
③I can’t remember what it was that made the teacher give Mary the ___________
(permit) to leave the class earlier.
parking
to eat
permission
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①你若没有驾驶证,就不允许开车。
Without a driver’s permit,you are not ________________________.
②我们出去之前,我得给我妈妈打个电话征得她的同意。
I need to call my mother and __________________before we go out.
permitted to drive the car
ask for permission
5.threatening adj. (行为)带有威胁的
(应用文之征文投稿)A few decades ago, the lack of food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people.
几十年前,缺乏食物是威胁中国人的主要问题之一。
【精要必记】
(1)threaten v.威胁,恐吓
threaten sb.with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事;即将做某事
(2)threat n. 威胁,恐吓
a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①There was something ____________(threaten)in the man’s voice.
②Needless to say, she didn’t feel ___________(threaten) when I competed against her
at the next show.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时,我们才能停止对地球的威胁。
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being ______________
_______.
threatening
threatened
a threat to our
planet
6.messy adj.脏的;凌乱的
(读后续写之动作描写)Outside the messy kitchen, Hildy had a good idea, eyes falling on the blankets. 在凌乱的厨房外面,希尔蒂有了一个好主意,他的眼睛看向了毯子。
图解助记
知识宽一度
The children messed up/made a mess of everything in the room.That is to say,the
room is in a messy situation.孩子们把房间里的所有东西弄得乱七八糟。也就是说,
这个房间处于很乱的状态。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She was angry at seeing the kitchen ____a mess, the drawers all open, and some oil
on the floor.
②The local economy is now getting _____a mess.
③Dad cooks when Mum is busy, and he makes me clean up my _______(mess)room.
in
into
messy
【美句·锻造】 翻译句子/完成句子
①当他们回到房子里时,他们看到房间里一片狼藉。
______________________________________________________________
②不要把你的生活搞得一团糟。
____________________________
③在那些诸事不顺的日子里,本可以避免的错误都同时发生了,我的生活完一
团糟。
In those rough times, mistakes, which could have been avoided, were crowding in at
the same time and __________________________.
When they were back into the house, they saw the room in a total mess.
Don’t make a mess of your life.
my life was totally messed up
7.admiration n.敬佩;羡慕
(读后续写之语言描写)With much admiration, I asked, “What drives you to maintain good health ”
我满怀钦佩地问:“是什么让你保持身体健康 ”
(应用文之人物介绍)As for me, my English teacher is the person I admire most.
就我而言,我的英语老师是我最敬佩的人。
【精要必记】
(1)have/express admiration for 表达对……的钦佩
(2)admire vt.钦佩,羡慕;欣赏
admire sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事羡慕某人
admire the scenery 欣赏风景
(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的;极其出色的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She admired him _____the way he dealt with the situation.
②We are full of ___________(admire) for the space heroes.
③Responsibility is an __________ (admire) character that makes life better for
everyone around you.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们在山门口停下来欣赏风景。
We stopped on the mountain pass ____________________.
②看到像你们这样职在这里工作的人员,我们感到很敬佩。
We ________________________seeing full-time staff working here as you are.
for
admiration
admirable
to admire the scenery
have great admiration for
8.据说,听说……
It is said that the two artists admired each other.
据说这两位艺术家互相欣赏。
句型解构
　　本句是一个含有主语从句的复合句,其中It is said that...意为“据说,听说……”。
(1)用于本句型的动词还有 think、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
(2)It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that...=Sb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...to do sth.=people +say/think/believe/report/consider/suppose...that...
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……
(3)Sb./Sth.be said to do...意为“据说……”,其中,不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done):
Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①___is said that Tom has committed himself to working for our company.
②On this day, the moon is said ______(be)its biggest and brightest.
③People believe _____arriving at your friend’s home early is polite in China.
It
to be
that
【美句·锻造】 一句多译/完成句子
①据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。
→_________________________________________
→_______________________________________
②据报道,所有幸存的华南虎都是人工饲养的。这令人担忧。
_________________all surviving South China tigers are artificially raised, which is
worrying.
③人们相信,在我们的共同努力下,未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。
_________________with our joint efforts we can have cleaner oceans in the future.
It’s said that Tom has been back from abroad.
Tom is said to have been back from abroad.
It is reported that
It is believed that
【要点拾遗】
1.average adj.平均的,一般的 n.平均数 v.平均为
(读后续写之人物描写)I was considered as a very average student at school. As a result, some of my classmates would make fun of me at times.
我在学校被认为是一个很普通的学生。结果,我的一些同学有时会取笑我。
【精要必记】
above/below (the) average 在一般水平以上/以下
on (the/an) average 按平均数计算;平均地
up to the average 达到平均水平
知识宽一度
Tom’s work at school is above (the)average,while Harry’s is below (the) average.
汤姆在学校的成绩在一般水平以上,而哈利的成绩在一般水平以下。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She runs ____average about 15 miles every day, whatever the circumstances,
whatever the weather.
②Humidity(湿度)will also be a factor, __________(average) at 41 percent.
on
averaging
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①在老师的帮助下,玛丽的物理成绩已达到平均水平。
With the help of the teacher, Mary’s physics is now ________________.
②他的学习成绩远远高于平均水平,但他仍然很谦虚,乐于助人。
His academic performance is well __________________, but he is still humble and
helpful.
up to the average
above (the) average
2.as well as同……一样好;也,和
(读后续写之人物描写)Gradually, I found Henry was really an excellent listener as well as a good adviser.
渐渐地,我发现亨利不仅是个很好的顾问,而且是个很棒的倾听者。
【精要必记】
(1)as well　　　 也;又;还
(2)may/might as well do sth. 最好做某事;做……倒也无妨
知识宽一度
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个相同的成分,如名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等;
其后接动词时,动词多用v.-ing形式;连接两个并列的主语时,其谓语动词常与前面的
主语保持一致。
(2)as well 常放在句子末尾,作副词短语使用,意思接近too,但不用逗号隔开。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①As well as _________(study) hard, I’ve been involved in social activities.
②The former president, as well as his family members, ________________(invite) to
visit China next month.
studying
has been invited
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①卡尔花时间把书寄给了你;你不妨花点时间读一读。
Carl took the time to send the book to you; you _____________________________
_______.
②冬天即将来临,山丘威胁着周围的村庄,因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤,还会引发严重
的洪水。
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,
for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but __________________________
_____.
might as well take some time to
read it
would cause serious floods as
wellUnit 7　Art
Part 2　Lesson 1
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.a thin figure　　　　　　　 一个瘦弱的身影
2.make people see yellow spots 让人们看到黄点
3.the masterpiece work of art 艺术杰作
4.the effects of the drug 药物的效果
5.beneath this amazing sky 在这片神奇的天空下
6.affect his sense of sight 影响他的视觉
7.hear the scream of nature 倾听大自然的呐喊
8.paint the same scene 27 times 同一个场景画了27次
9.the major cause of the fire 火灾的主要原因
10.a vital form of visual art 视觉艺术的一种重要形式
11.create a great empire 建立一个伟大的帝国
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1.star n. 星星→starry adj. 布满星星的
2.mental adj.精神上的;心理上的→mentally adv.精神上;心理上
3.mass n. 团,块;大量;群众→massive adj. 巨大的→massively adv. 大量地;沉重地
4.fail v. 失败;不及格→failure n. 失败的事;失败
5.strike v. 打,击;罢工→striking adj. 惊人的;显著的
6.view v. 看 n. 景色→viewer n. 观看者
7.burn v. 燃烧;烧毁;晒伤→burnt adj. 烧坏的,烧伤的→burning adj. 燃烧着的
8.mystery n.神秘事物,难以理解的事物→mysterious adj. 神秘的;难以解释的
9.react v.(作出)反应;起化学反应→reaction n. 反应
【词缀串记】
-ly常用于形容词后构成副词, 例如:
mental adj.→mentally　　 精神上,心理上
effective adj.→effectively 有效地
happy adj.→happily 快乐地
wide adj.→widely　　　　 广泛地
true adj.→truly 真正地
emotional adj.→emotionally 情绪上;情绪激动地
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1.lead to　　　　　　 导致;通向
2.let out a scream 发出尖叫声
3.a series of 一系列
4.full of 充满;装满
5.as for 关于,至于
6.race across 横渡; 穿越
7.in one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
8.be connected to 与……有关联;与……连接
9.play with 同……一起玩
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. (to think作宾语补足语;that引导宾语从句作think的宾语)
凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常,专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
2.What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. (what 引导主语从句)
奇怪的是,在房子和树木之上,我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
3.It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. (过去分词短语作定语)
它展示了一座美丽的房子,房子里被灯光照亮,外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。
4.I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set...(sb.was doing sth. when...)
太阳落山时,我和两个朋友一起顺着路走……
文本阅读·语篇研析
【新课导入】
Discuss and answer the following two questions.
1.What is masterpiece
It’s a work of art that is of high quality,that is the best or that a particular artist, writer etc. has created.
2.What do you see in the three paintings on Page 8
White and yellow circles; an amazing sky; a sleeping village; a thin figure; a dark, stormy sea,a house lit by lights from inside, and so on.
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
A.The three famous painters.
B.The definition of masterpieces.
C.The methods of creating paints.
D.The three painters’ masterpieces.
答案:D
【阅读策点拨】
1.历史人物及其杰作类说明文的文体特点
历史人物及其杰作类说明文属于事物说明文中的一种,是以著名历史人物及其代表作品为具体说明对象,通过对历史人物的生平,成就,其作品的创作、特点以及影响等作客观而准确的介绍,使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物。
2.历史人物及其杰作类说明文的读文技法
(1)明确说明对象,抓住对象特征
历史人物及其杰作类说明文的介绍对象,既可能是介绍人物,也有可能是介绍与人物有关的具有代表性的事或物等。读文时应重点解读文章的标题、首段的关键词、结尾以及每段的中心句,最终总结出文着力说明的中心事物,这才是文章的说明对象。
(2)厘清说明顺序,把握文章结构
主体部分的段落、层次之间的结构形式一般有:并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式等。
(3)在语境中理解语句,体会说明文语言的特点
文章中对杰作的介绍使用了很多描述性词汇来描写自然环境,将画中景色刻画得栩栩如生、细致入微,带给读者美的享受。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Masterpieces
Ⅰ.Read Paras.1—3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What is not included in the painting The Starry Night
A.Circles.　 　 B.Clouds.
C.Horses. D.A village and a tree.
答案:C
2.Why was Van Gogh staying at a home in June 1889
A.He was injured.
B.He was out of work.
C.He was mentally ill.
D.He wanted to paint at home.
答案:C
3.What do the experts think of Van Gogh’s unusual use of colour
They think that his mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
Ⅱ.Read Paras. 4—6 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.When did Munch paint The Scream
A.In 1893. B.In 1889.
C.In 1953. D.In 1954.
答案:A
2.What makes The Scream striking
It shows a thin figure with an expression of fear.
3.What inspired the painter
His experience of walking with friends.
Ⅲ.Read Paras. 7—9 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.The reactions of viewers towards The Empire of Light are different.
2.Between 1953 and 1954,how many times did Magritte paint the same scene
27 times.
Task 3阅读升华·拓展思维
1.What are the names of the three paintings
The Starry Night;The Scream;The Empire of Light.
2.What’s your opinion of the three paintings after reading the descriptions
In my opinion, the three paintings are full of artistic beauty, full of emotion and give people the space to imagine.
Task 4语篇总结·主题深化
　　In 1889 Van Gogh painted The Starry Night using his unusual way. At that time he stayed at home for his mental 1.illness(ill) which some experts thought affected his sense of sight. The drug that he took can make people see yellow spots. 2.Unfortunately(fortunately), Van Gogh only sold one painting in his lifetime. Though he thought The Starry Night was a failure, it is now one of the world’s most famous 3.paintings(painting).
　　In 1893, Edvard Munch was suffering a lot of pain because of his mental health problems. He painted The Scream, 4.which shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting 5.out a powerful scream. In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him 6.to paint(paint) the picture.
　　René Magritte painted a series of paintings,7.including(include) The Empire of Light. It shows a beautiful house 8.lit(light) by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite 9.a mysterious scene. Magritte was inspired by his thoughts and ideas. The viewers have different reactions to The Empire of Light. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day 10.and night in the paintings was surprising.
Task 5长句难句·释疑解难
1.In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
[句式分析]句中what inspired him为what引导的宾语从句;when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”;as...as 意为“与……一样”,其中第一个as为副词,其后接形容词或副词原形,第二个as为介词或连词,其后接名词、代词或从句。
[自主翻译]蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源,“太阳落山时, 我和两个朋友一起走在路上, 天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着,然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。”
2.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
[句式分析]句中What makes it striking为what引导的主语从句;that引导表语从句。
[自主翻译]这幅画富有冲击力,画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张,正发出强烈的尖叫声。
核心考点·探究内化
1.figure n.数字;人像,人形;图 vt.计算;认为
(应用文之建议信)I think health is more important than keeping a good figure.
我认为健康比保持好身材更重要。
【精要必记】
(1)a historical figure 　　 一位历史人物
keep/lose one’s figure 保持身材/身材走样
(2)figure out 算出;想出;理解
figure in 是……的部分
figure that 认为……
【知识宽一度】figure一词多义
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The only problem is that I can’t figure out why she’d want to date a guy like me.
②Painted in different colors, the clay figures (figure)are quite an art work.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们把差旅费算进去了,但忘了算伙食费。
We figured in the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals.
②我停下车,在地图上确定了我的位置,发现我是在两个农场之间的一条叫布维耶巷的路上。
I stopped the car, pinning my location on the map, figuring out that I was on a road called Bouvier Lane, in between two farms.
2.affect vt.影响;使感动;假装;侵袭
(教材原句)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常,专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
(经典例句)It is typical of teenagers to talk back to their parents but deep down, they have a deep affection for their parents.青少年往往会顶撞父母,但在内心深处,他们对父母有着深厚的感情。
【精要必记】
(1)affect sb. to tears　 把某人感动得掉泪
be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深感动(影响)
be affected with... 患……病;受……影响
(2)affection n.喜爱;爱慕
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us much affection(affect).
②The deadly disease has affected(affect) many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句转换
①那天,他的及时帮助感动得我热泪盈眶。
That day, his timely help affected me to tears.
②I was afraid to be judged by others due to my glasses—it made me believe the glasses would affect a person’s beauty.
→I was afraid to be judged by others due to my glasses—it made me believe the glasses would have an effect on a person’s beauty.
3.spot n.(圆)点;斑点;污渍 adj.现货交易的 vt.发现;让步(spot-spotted-spotted-spots)
(教材原句)He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night. 他还服用过一种药物,可以让人看到黄色斑点,就像《星空》中的星星那样。
(读后续写之心理描写)She was shocked to spot them floating much farther out than they were allowed to go.她震惊地发现它们漂得比允许的距离远得多。
【精要必记】
(1)on the spot　　　　　 当场
(2)spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
spot that... 发现……
be spotted with 散布;点缀
【名师点津】
spot 用作动词时,其过去式、过去分词均为spotted。spotted 也可作形容词,意为 “有花点的,有斑点的”,如:a spotted dog (一条斑点狗)。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①While shopping in the mall, I happened to spot him walking (walk) with a girl shoulder to shoulder.
②In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我发现了一颗流星,使我惊讶的是,它是明亮的绿色。
I spotted a shooting star, which to my astonishment was bright green in colour.
②伤员一定是跑过草地,因为草地上有血迹。
The wounded must have run across the grass land, because the grass had been spotted with blood.
4.striking adj.惊人的;显著的
(读后续写之心理描写)Looking at the striking fingerprints, Emma went red with shame and apologized.
看着醒目的指纹,艾玛羞愧得脸都红了,然后道歉。
(应用文之演讲稿)Know what to do matters when a hurricane strikes.
知道飓风来袭时该做什么很重要。
【图解助记】
【知识宽一度】strike一词多义
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①There are striking(strike) similarities between the two cases.
②It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
③The union threatened that they would go on strike if their demands were not met.
④On hearing the girl struck(strike) by a truck has been sent to hospital by an ambulance, many people volunteered to donate blood.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①罗丝的祖母用颤抖的手打她,说:“永远不要放弃。一切都会好起来的。”
Rose’s grandmother struck her with a shaking hand and said, “Never give up. Everything will be all right.”
②当我走在街上时,我突然想到一个好主意。
A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
③It occurred to her that she forgot to lock the door.
→It struck her that she forgot to lock the door.
5.let out放出;发出(叫声等);泄露;加宽(衣服)
(读后续写之动作描写)When Miss Baugh saw the items, she let out a little cry and looked for something to wipe up the ink.
当宝小姐看到这些东西时,她轻轻喊了一声,就去找东西擦去墨水了。
【精要必记】
let alone　　　　　 更不用说;更谈不上
let sb./sth.alone 对某人/某事放任不管
let sb.down 使某人失望
let go of 放开
【活用·练透】 写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思
①The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. 发出
②It was Tom who let out the secret. 泄露
③He asked his mother to let out his trousers.加宽
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
不要让我失望!我还指望你支持我呢。
Don’t let me down!I’m depending on you to support me.
6.reaction n.反应,回应(与to连用)
(读后续写之心理描写)My initial reaction was why on earth we would have a snow day.我最初的反应是究竟为什么我们会遇到一个下雪天。
【精要必记】
(1)in reaction to　　　 为了应对
a chain reaction 连锁反应
(2)react vi. (作出)反应;回应
react to... 对……作出反应
react against... 反抗,反对……
react with 和……发生化学反应
react on/upon 对……起作用/有影响
【知识宽一度】react串记
Please share how you reacted to the situation and the cause of your reaction.请分享针对这种情况你是如何作出反应的以及你的(这种)反应的原因。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The machine building industry reacted upon/on the coal industry considerably.
②When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.
③Martin Luther King did all he could to react against racism.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①为应对经济危机,大多数雇主都在计划削减工资。
The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages in reaction to the economic crisis.
②灰狼的消失在森林里引起了连锁反应。
The disappearance of grey wolves resulted in a chain reaction in the forest.
7.sb.was doing sth.when...“某人正在做某事,这时(突然……)”
(教材原句)I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...太阳落山时,我和两个朋友一起顺着路走,天空突然变得像血一样红……
【句型解构】
　　sb. was doing sth. when...句型表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然)……”,when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时。when表示“这时/那时(突然)”时,相当于 and then, and just then或 and at that time。when可与 suddenly连用以加强语气。
【知识宽一度】
when作并列连词时,主要用于
(1)was/were doing sth.when sth./sb.did;
(2)was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;
(3)was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb. did;
(4)had just done when sth./sb. did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I was driving (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②The man was on the point of leaving(leave) when someone rushed in.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们正沿着一条乡间小路行驶,这时一辆汽车从我们身边开过。
We were driving along a country lane when a car drove past us.
②我正要离开,这时电话铃响了。
I was just leaving / about to leave/on the point of leaving when the telephone rang.
③昨天她刚做完家庭作业,她母亲就让她练习弹钢琴。
She just had finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
【要点拾遗】
1.cause n.原因;事业;目标 vt.导致,引起;使发生
(应用文之建议信)On the contrary, you should analyze the cause of your failure.
相反,你应该分析你失败的原因。
The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.
艰难的驾驶条件引发了好几起事故。
【精要必记】
(1)a/the cause of 　　　……的原因
cause and effect 因果(关系)
(2)cause sb./sth. to do 导致某人/某物做
cause sb./sth. sth. 给某人/某物带来某物
cause sth. for sb. 给某人造成……
【知识宽一度】cause,reason 与excuse
cause 指某事发生的原因,常与of 连用;
reason 解释做某事的原因,常与for 连用;
excuse指为自己辩解的借口性的理由, 常与for 连用。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.
②Some people experience too much hair loss from a variety of causes(cause).
③Running on an empty stomach may cause you to run(run) out of energy.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①因果关系是解释发生在我们周围的事情的一种式。
“Cause and effect” is one way to explain things that happen around us.
②失去自行车给她带来了极大的不便。
The loss of her bike caused her much inconvenience.
③昨天开会的时候,她为放弃这个计划提出了一些具有说服力的理由。
At the meeting yesterday, she put forward some convincing reasons for giving up the plan.
2.scene n.场面,场景;景色,风光
(应用文之发言稿)A large fleet led by him navigated the blue seas, creating a splendid scene.
在他的带领下,一支庞大的舰队航行在蔚蓝的海洋上,创造了一幅壮丽的景象。
【精要必记】
on the scene　　　　 在现场
make the scene 到场,在某处露面
behind the scenes 在后台,在幕后;暗中
come on the scene 登场
【知识宽一度】
　　scene作“场面;场景;现场”讲,后接定语从句,且关系词在从句中作状语时,一般用关系副词where或in which来引导。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
②He was an important man behind the scenes in the play.
③Although it is 30 years since we last met, I still remember the scene where we got separated on a rainy day.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
一直在幕后指挥的导演在颁奖晚会现场宣布,这部影片的最佳女主角即将登场。
The director, who had been behind the scenes, announced on the scene at the awards party that the best actress of the film was about to come on the scene.
3.scream n.尖叫,尖叫声; vi.&vt.高声喊出
He was trying to scream for help, but each time it turned out nothing.
他试图大声呼救,但每次都无济于事。
(读后续写之动作描写)While working on a construction site in Michigan, Hansen heard terrified screams coming from nearby.
汉森在密歇根州的一个建筑工地工作时,听到附近传来惊恐的尖叫声。
【精要必记】
scream for help 　　　　　　 大声呼救
scream with excitement/joy 兴奋/开心得尖叫
scream out　　　　 尖叫
【知识宽一度】
“vi.+out”的短语有:
cry out　　　 大声呼喊
laugh out 大笑
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①After shouting and screaming for an hour, she walked out in tears.
②She tried to scream out loud,but there’s no sound.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我带着兴奋和感激尖叫,扑向他:“谢谢你,爸爸。”
Screaming with excitement and gratitude,I threw myself at him,“Thank you,Dad.”
②当坏消息突然传来时,他痛苦地大叫。
He was crying out in pain when the bad news came suddenly.
③当我读到这面的笑话时,我大声笑了出来。
When I read the jokes in this issue, I laughed out loud.
4.as for至于,关于;说起
(应用文之征文投稿)As for me, I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.
就我而言,我会一直牢记交通规则。
【精要必记】
(1)as to　　　　　 至于,关于
(2)as if/though 仿佛,好像
【知识宽一度】
　　as for/to意为“至于,关于”,用来转移话题,引出另外一或新的谈话内容。as for me表意接近于in my opinion/in my view/ personally/as far as I’m concerned等。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
As for/to my job in the future, I want to be a scientist who will help make the world a better place.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他们口头上吹嘘他们似乎完成了很多工作;但实际上,他们几乎没做什么。
They talked as if they had accomplished a lot, but in reality they did very little.
②对于学生而言,没有比图书馆更好的学习场所了,所以我们在这里必须要保持安静。
As for students, there is no better studying place than the library, so we have to keep quiet here.
5.massive adj.大量的;巨大的;大而重的;结实的
(读后续写之环境描写)Finally, we reached a hill and saw the massive rock sitting alone in the forest. 最后,我们到达了一座小山,看到那块巨大的岩石孤零零地躺在森林里。
Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.从火车窗户看去,加拿大的山峦和森林显得宏伟壮观。
【精要必记】
(1)massively　 adv. 大量地;沉重地;庄严地
(2)mass n. 块,团;群众,民众;大量;质量
a mass of 一团/块/堆/群;大量,许多
the masses 群众;平民百姓
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Literary works of this kind are well received by the masses.
②They insist the tax will massively(massive) reduce future investment.
③In my mind’s eye I saw the old building that I worked in, so massive(mass) and beautiful.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
顷刻之间,两人都被一团大雪击中,并将他们带下山500英尺。
Instantly, both were hit by a mass of snow that would hit and carry them 500 feet down the mountain.
6.failure n.[C]失败的人/事[U]失败
(读后续写之心理描写)But at that moment, I found I was so scared of her failure.
但在那一刻,我发现我是如此害怕她的失败。
I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
我没能明白他的论据背后的逻辑。
【精要必记】
(1)end in failure　　　 以失败告终
success and failure 成功与失败
power failure 停电
(2)fail vi.失败,不及格;衰退
fail to do 未能做
【知识深一度】 failure可数不可数
failure 作“失败”讲时是不可数名词,表示抽象意义;作“失败者,失败的事”讲时是可数名词,表示具体意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的具体化”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①One of the reasons why people fail to get(get) a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
②As a musician he was a failure,but as an artist,he was a great success.
③I suddenly realized I was going to stop seeing myself as a failure(fail).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①你遇到的人会影响你的生活,你所经历的成功和失败会造就你。
The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are.
②他们的长期斗争以失败告终。
Their long struggle ended in failure.
7.What引导主语从句
(教材原句)What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
奇怪的是,在房子和树木之上,我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
【句型解构】
What在句中引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语。
what引导的名词性从句相当于名词的作用,可作主语、宾语、表语,且what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①What he has told us is of great importance.
②The manager told us that he wanted to take back what he had said.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他已经得到了他想要的东西。
He has got what he wants.
②这个职务是我一直希望得到的。
This position is what I have always wanted.
词汇对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured(figure) she would be left in the dust.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive(mass) benefits to the things you value.
3.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解B)However, when a cat is looking for affection(affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
翻译:人工智能会影响我们所有人,如果你只读过一本关于这个主题的书,这就是它。
2.(2023·国乙卷·阅读理解 B)After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.
翻译:在我们发现了一条悬挂在一堆岩石上的看起来很疯狂的道路后,我们决定在日落时拍摄这个场景。
语法知识·精讲点拨
名词性从句(Noun Clauses)
教材自主探究
分析以下课文句子并思考黑体部分的功能
1.Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon.
2.His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
3.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
4.In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him.
5.What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
6.His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
探究:
1.黑体部分为主语从句的是:第3、 5 句
2.黑体部分为宾语从句的是:第1、2、4句
3.黑体部分为表语从句的是:第3、5、6句
4.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句均为名词性从句
语法精要点拨
一、概念
所谓名词性从句,就是把完整句子当作名词来使用,使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来说,名词在句中主要充当4种成分:主语、宾语、表语和同位语,从句在什么位置就是什么从句。常见的名词性从句有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。相当于名词作用的句子有3类:陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。因此,名词性从句可简单概括为用3种句子分别充当另外一个句子的4种句子成分。
名词性从句 的引导词 对应的句子 类型 是否作成分
连词that 陈述句 that在从句中不作成分
连词whether/if 一般疑问句 whether和if在从句中不作成分
连接代词who、 whom、 what、 which、 whose 连接副词when、 where、 why、 how 特殊疑问句 who和what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which在从句中作主语、表语或定语;whose在从句中作定语。连接副词在从句中作状语
二、用法
(一)主语从句
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词汇意义,但一般不可省。
*That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard in a long time.
你将来伦敦是很久以来我听到的最好消息。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省。常见句式主要有以下几种:
①It+be+形容词(necessary、 right、 likely、 unlikely、 wrong、 important、 certain、 clear、 obvious、 strange、 normal等)+that从句
*(2022·浙江1月高考)It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.
奇怪的是,没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史放在一起。
②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity、 a shame、 good news、 a fact、 an honour、 a wonder、 no wonder等)+that从句
*It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
③It+be+过去分词(said、 told、 heard、 reported、 decided、 suggested、 advised、 ordered、 remembered、 thought、 considered、 well-known、 announced等)+that从句
*(2023·国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
最近有报道称,坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降,大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种式改变或改进他们的烹饪式。
【名师点津】
　　在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
*It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.
建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
It+特殊动词或短语(seem、 appear、 happen、 matter、 turn out、 occur to、 make no difference等)+that从句
*It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独处。
2.whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句在主句谓语动作前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
*Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
*It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who、 whom、 whose、 what、 whoever、 whomever、 whatever等)和连接副词(when、 where、 why、 how、 whenever、 wherever、 however等)。
*Whoever gets there first will get the prize.
第一位到达那里的人将获奖。
*It makes no difference to me where we shall spend our holiday, for what I need is only relaxation.
我们到哪里度假对我来说无关紧要,因为我所需要的只是放松。
*What she offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
她展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)What she announced was totally beyond my expectation.
(2)Who will go there is not decided.
(3)It is only natural that you want to be independent.
(4)When we will start is not decided.
(5)What surprised them was that it was the first time he had ever seen a movie.
让他们感到惊讶的是,那是他第一次看电影。
(二)宾语从句
1.that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不作成分,口语中一般可以省,但下列情况下不能省:
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
*I don’t know exactly where he lives, except that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.
他住在哪里我不是很清楚,只知道是边远地区的某个地。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省,从第二个从句开始that不可省。
*He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
(3)宾语从句前有插入语时。
*We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。
(4)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、 think、 consider、 believe、 guess、 suppose、 make等。
*He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②hate、 like、 dislike、 appreciate、 enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to、 depend on、 rely on等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
*I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
2.whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if:
(1)宾语从句中有or not时,只能用whether。
*I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
=I don’t know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是不是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether,whether可与不定式连用。
*I was worried about whether it would put her too much trouble.
我担心这会不会给她带来太多的麻烦。
*They don’t know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义,且不可省。
*Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果想成功,就要相信我们所做的事以及我们是谁。
*This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner.
今年,很难说是我的奖品还是我14岁的弟弟Jason挑选的奖品胜出。
【知识延伸】 宾语从句中的否定转移
在think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,通常要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。存在否定转移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时应注意的问题:
①若主句的主语是第一人称,反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;
②若主句的主语不是第一人称,反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
*I don’t think he can remember the 100 words within two hours, can he
我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词,是吗
*You don’t think he passed the exam, do you 你认为他没有通过考试,是吗
【即学活用】 单句语法填空
(1)When I had a son, I was always worried that my absence might have an impact on his future life and that I might miss all his milestones since I travelled a lot.
(2)(2022·国甲卷)We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.
(3)I have no idea where he comes from.
(4)She looked at me with tears and told her parents about how I jumped into the water to save her.
(5)Choosing a right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.
(三)表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后,引导词有三类:从属连词只起连接作用,其中if不能引导表语从句,that一般不能省;连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。
*My suggestion is that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most.
我的建议是学生在学习英语时应该尝试多种法,这样他们才能找到最适合自己的法。
*The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
【名师点津】
(1)as if/though引导的表语从句,有时可用虚拟语气。
*The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市,好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子被扔到它的上面。
(2)because, why引导的表语从句。
*He failed.That is because he didn’t work hard.
他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。
【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)All she had seen was what she wanted.
(2)The truth is that I don’t get on well with my flatmate.
(3)John,go and get your backpack.It is just where you left it.
(4)I am very tired now.That is because I have been working for four hours.
我现在很累,那是因为我已经工作四个小时了。
(5)I am not what I used to be ten years ago.
我已经不是十年前的我了。
(6)It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
(四)同位语从句
1.同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news、fact、idea、desire、suggestion、promise、information等)的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that、 whether、 why、 who、 where、 how、 when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作成分,that无词义,whether表示“是否”;if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省。
*The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的报道是假的。
2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句都可以用来修饰名词,但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等,先行词在从句中充当某一成分;而同位语从句则表示名词所表示的具体内容。
*The news that our team won the game excited us all.(同位语从句)
我们团队赢得比赛的消息使我们大家都很兴奋。
*The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.(定语从句)
今天早上广播的那条新闻根本不是真的。
【名师点津】
　　凡是同位语从句,都可改为The fact/news/idea/truth/order/hope/suggestion
/thought is/was that...形式,定语从句则不可。
【即学活用】单句语法填空
(1)I have no idea which dictionary of the three belongs to her.
(2)He expressed his hope that he would come to Chengdu again.
(3)When she heard the news that Robbie was going to teach her to swim, Nicole was overjoyed.
(4)The question whether we will take further action has not been discussed.
(5)We should make people face the fact that a lot of people die from smoking every year.
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·七选五)Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考·语法填空)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s what they’ll promote.
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist.
4.(2023·国甲卷·七选五)However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off.
5.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷· 语法填空)Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2024·九省联考· 阅读理解D)In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.
此外,蹒跚学步的孩子展示他们喜欢其他孩子的式,这些明显不同于成年人所认为的友谊的表达。
2.(2023·国甲卷·书面表达)One of his achievements was that he discovered the source of the Jinsha River, which he proved was the source of the Yangtze River.
他的成就之一是发现了金沙江的源头,他证明了金沙江是长江的源头。
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.
这本书的第二部分将仔细审视一些观点,将帮助你培养一种可持续的数字极简主义生活式。
4.(2023·国乙卷·阅读理解C)It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
5.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解A)Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer”.
儿童剧院有一个学习指南,展示了如何通过“汤姆·索亚”来教授数学和科学。(共23张PPT)
深挖教材·素材积累
续写进阶·技能点拨
读后续写高分进阶
深挖教材·素材积累
教材美句背诵
1.One day in February 1824, at his little house in Vienna, Austria, Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled. (P14)
1824年2月的一天,在奥地利维也纳的小房子里,路德维希·凡·贝多芬靠在椅背上微笑着。
2.For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score. (P15)
在一个多小时的时间里,贝多芬在乐队前面跳跃着,在空中忘情地挥舞着手臂,疯狂地翻动乐谱。
3.The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.(P15)
房间里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人竟然是创作者。
教材佳句品鉴
一、品用词之妙
This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange-red sky.
品鉴:利用单词熟词生义增强语言表达的丰富性和可读性,如set在此处意为“以……为背景”,表示人物被设置在一座桥上;against在此处意为“以……为背景,衬托”,表示背景是燃烧的橙红色天空。
仿写提升 完成句子
His red clothes stood out clearly _____________________.
他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
against the white snow
二、品句式之美
It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night.
它展示了一所美丽的房子,它被里面的灯光照亮了,被夜晚的黑暗所包围着。
品鉴:这是一个主从复合句。a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by
the darkness of night为省连接词that的宾语从句,其中含有两个过去分词短语作定
语的非谓语结构,均修饰a beautiful house,使用复合句增加句式的多样性,非谓语结
构的使用使表达更加丰富多样。
仿写提升 完成句子
The snow lasted a week, _____________________________________.
大雪持续了一个星期,导致整个地区交通堵塞。
resulting in a traffic jam in the whole area
三、品描写之韵
He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night. 他还服用了一种能让人们看到黄色斑点的药物,就像《星空》中的星星一样。
品鉴:本句运用了“明喻”修辞手法,达到了进一步解释说明的效果。
仿写提升 完成句子
真正的友谊犹如健康,直到失去时才知其可贵。
True friendship ____________, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.
is like health
续写进阶·技能点拨
环境描写——日月星辰、江河湖海
一、主题词汇
名词 sky天空　sun太阳　moon月亮;月球　star星星　sunlight阳光　moonlight月光　night黑夜 sunset 日落　ferry 渡船;渡口　ripple 涟漪　lakeside 湖边,湖畔 动词 shine闪耀;闪亮　bath沐浴　
dot点缀　twinkle闪烁;闪耀　
sparkle闪烁;闪耀　blink眨眼;闪烁
overlook俯瞰;俯视　reflect 反映;反射　glitter/spark/shine 闪光;闪烁　roar 咆哮
形容词 overhead头顶上的　pale苍白的　dazzling 眼花缭乱的　starry 布满星星的　cloudless 万里无云的　broad 宽广的　still 静止的　vast 广阔的　shallow 浅的　muddy 泥泞的,浑浊的　bottomless 深不见底的　winding 蜿蜒的,弯弯曲曲的　rough 汹涌的,风浪大的　sparkling 波光粼粼的,闪烁的　choppy 波浪起伏的,汹涌的　glassy 像玻璃镜面一样光滑的,平静清澈的
二、主题词块
1.spectacular sunrise　　　 壮观的日出
2.the starry sky 布满星星的夜空
3.dim moonlight 月色朦胧
4.the cloudless sky 晴朗的天空
5.burst through the clouds 破云而出
6.hide behind the clouds 躲在云后
7.be bathed in the silver moonlight 沐浴在银色的月光下
8.glittering surface 波光粼粼的水面
9.to wind through 弯弯曲曲地流过
10.the placid surface of the lake 平静的湖面
11.to roar down the mountain (水流)从山上咆哮而下
12.to see right to the bottom (水很清澈)直接看到底部
三、主题句式
1.By 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the rain had stopped and the sky was curdled gray burdened with lumps of dark clouds.
下午三点,雨停了,天空灰蒙蒙的,乌云密布。
2.The sky was pale with light blue.Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon, expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter.
天空是淡蓝色的。不久,天边出现了一道粉红色的曙光,逐渐扩大,越来越亮。
3.At first, the sky was dark, but soon a crescent moon slowly revealed its smiling face from the clouds.
一开始天空漆黑一团,但不久一轮弯月从云中缓缓露出笑脸。
4.There’s not a single sound at night.Only the glowworms are still awake, carefully weaving a picture in the night sky.夜里一点声音都没有,只有萤火虫还醒着,小心翼翼地在夜空中织着一幅画。
5.A furious gale rose and stirred up the sea.
狂风骤起,大海咆哮不断。
6.It was morning, and the new sun sparked gold across the ripples of the gentle sea.
清早,初升的太阳照着平静的海面,微波荡漾,闪耀着金色的光芒。
7.We stepped barefoot on the soft sandy beach, the waves poured on my calf, as if my mother was gently touching me, and my heart was suddenly warm.
我们光着脚丫踩在软绵绵的沙滩上,浪花扑过来打在我的小腿上,仿佛妈妈正在温柔地抚摸着我, 我的心里顿时暖暖的。
8.The water of the lake was touched by the golden rays of the morning sun. How peaceful and beautiful it looked to him!
湖水被金色的朝晖抚摸着,在他看来,那是多么静谧和美丽啊!
情境应用
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.The sky is blue and ________________(阳光明媚).
2.The moon _______________________________(在夜空中闪耀).
3.The sky __________________(繁星密布).
4.The clouds parted and _____________(太阳出来了).
5.The hills _______________________(沐浴在阳光下).
the sun is shining
is shining brightly in the night sky
is dotted with stars
the sun shone
are bathed in the sunlight
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.海浪永不平息。
__________________________________
2.微风在湖面上吹起了涟漪。
_________________________________________
3.咆哮的大海渐渐平静下来了。
____________________________________
4.海还是安安静静的,好像睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。
______________________________________________________________
The waves of the sea are never at rest.
A gentle breeze made little ripples on the lake.
The roaring sea gradually calmed down.
The sea was still quiet as if it had fallen asleep, without wind or waves.
Ⅲ.片段续写
　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文,写作时尽量使用表示“日月星辰”的词汇和句式。
　I am Sadie.I love oceans, especially the one near my grandma’s house with beautiful shells.Why That’s what I am about to tell you.
　When we arrived, Grandma told me to go upstairs and unpack my things while she spoke to my mother.When I saw a blue and green painted room with a huge window and a comfortable bed, I thought, moving to Florida might not be that bad. I comforted myself as I walked towards the window.I opened the curtains and saw sky-blue waves slowly washing away the sand on the beach and sea birds flying in the clear sky.The ocean was only a few hundred meters away from here.
　　After my mother left, Grandma softly touched my shoulder, “I want to take you to the place I called ‘the Big Blue’.And I think you might like it.” (I guess you could know where it is.)
　　Before I stepped on the sand I could smell the ocean.Together we enjoyed the sunset with a whole lot of yellow and orange.Suddenly she picked out the most beautiful shell I had ever seen in my life.It was almost gold, shining in the sunlight.I couldn’t move my eyes off it.
注意:续写词数应为100个左右。
　　“The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
1.通读文,把握原文要领
(1)体裁:记叙文
(2)故事主线和线索:
①本文讲述了妈妈知道作者喜欢大海,所以决定把作者送到海边的奶奶家去散心。到了奶奶家之后,奶奶用她自己的经历给作者解开了心结,重拾好心情的故事。
②续写线索:去海边的奶奶家——奶奶带作者观海——欣赏大自然美景——重拾好心情
2.细读续写段首句,推测故事情节
由续写段首句内容“奶奶说:‘这里美丽的贝壳给了我生存的勇气。’”可知,续写段要写作者的奶奶告诉作者,观看美丽的大自然会给作者带来美好的享受。作者心情好起来,并相信自己会振作起来。
【参考范文】
“The beautiful shells here gave me the courage to live on,” Grandma said.“Honey, you are still happy.Your mother rang me this morning, telling me that you love oceans. Therefore, I brought you here.Also I hope you can get inspiration and courage.” Hearing this I looked up at the blue sky and the vast sea.The sun was shining.Suddenly, I felt a little relaxed and natural, and held the firm belief that I must cheer up, just like the most beautiful shell bathed in the sunlight, full of colors.(共25张PPT)
情境活动·听说演练
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 7　Art
Part 1　Topic Talk
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.Peking ______ 　　　 京剧
2._____ ______ 爵士乐队
3.________ and modern ballet 古典与现代芭蕾舞
4._______ school 戏剧学校
5.the ___________ competition 书法比赛
6.the ____________ of a machine 机器部件
7.a _________ designer 戏装设计师
8.in the ______ of the wall 在墙根的背阴处
9.a _________ atmosphere 一种浪漫的气氛
opera
jazz
band
classical
drama
calligraphy
components
costume
shade
romantic
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.perform vi.&vt.表演;演出→_____________ n.表演;演出→__________ n.表演者;
演奏者;演员
2.exhibit vt.展览→__________ n.展出(会),展览
3.comedy n.喜剧片;喜剧节目→__________ n.喜剧演员; 滑稽演员
4.talent n.才能;天才;天资→________ adj.有才能的;有天资的
5.month n.月→_________ adv.每月地;每月一次地
6.uplift v.抬起,举起;振奋,鼓舞→_________ adj.令人振奋的
performance
performer
exhibition
comedian
talented
monthly
uplifting
Ⅲ.根据情境和提示完成对话
M: Today I’m talking to Amy Manero, who has played the piano for 12 years. Amy,
how did you start
W: I played classical music with my piano teacher every week until I began secondary
school.1._________________________(那时我放弃了额外的课), even though my
school music teacher Mrs Jones said I needed more practice.
M: And then you started jazz.2.________________________(你喜欢演奏爵士乐吗)
W: Well, my school was starting a jazz band, so I joined. And I couldn’t understand the
music at first, so I got quite annoyed at it.3.______________________________(但过
了一段时间,我开始喜欢上它了), so for a year I studied all I could on jazz.
I gave up extra lessons then
Did you enjoy playing jazz
But after a while I began to love it
M: And you also write an article on the Internet
W: Yeah, it’s like a diary.4.________________________________(我写我最喜欢的
音乐家). And I talk about music shows I attend.
M: So what do you think of the music of those musicians at that music show
W: Their music can sound just 5.________________________________________
(和一位老音乐家演奏得一样好) by a younger person like me.
M: Amy, thanks very much.
I write about my favorite musicians
as great played by an older musician as it can
核心考点·探究内化
学习提示:例句及练习中的阴影词汇为课时词汇复现
1.performance n.表演;演出
(经典例句)To his amazement, the bee began to perform a dance on the honeycomb.
使他惊奇的是,那只蜜蜂开始在蜂巢上跳起舞来。
(教材原句)I really enjoy dance and band performances and I often watch Beijing Opera.
我真的喜欢舞蹈和乐队的表演,我经常看京剧。
【精要必记】
(1)give/put on a performance　　演出
(2)perform 　　　　　　 v.表演,表现;运转;履行,执行
perform one’s promise 履行某人的承诺
perform an experiment 做实验
perform a(n)...role in... 在……中起……作用
(3)performer n.执行者,表演者,演奏者
【知识宽一度】perform串记
The performance given by this performer who often performed in public was a great success.
这位经常在公共场合表演的演出者所做的表演非常成功。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He was a poor __________(perform) at school and left with no qualifications.
②Your _____________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit
of reflecting on how you learn.
performer
performance
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①(应用文之通知)我们学校的英语角将于5月15日晚上7点在学校礼堂上演戏剧
《哈姆雷特》的舞台表演。
The English Corner of our school will _______________________ of the play Hamlet
at 7:00 p.m. on May 15th in the school auditorium.
②医生要开始动手术了,所以请保持镇静。
The doctor is going to set out to _____________________, so please keep calm.
③(应用文之观点表达)风俗在节日中起到一个非常重要的作用,但是有时候它们
会随着时间改变。
Customs __________________________ festivals, but sometimes they can change
with time going by.
give a stage performance
perform the operation
perform an important role in
2.exhibition n.展览,显示;展出(会);展览品
(经典例句)This gallery only exhibits the works of conventional art.
这个画廊只展出传统艺术作品。
(2024·九省联考)You know, the college is preparing a photography exhibition
next month.
你知道,学院下个月要准备一个摄影展。
【精要必记】
(1)an exhibition of sth. 某物的表现,显示,表演
on exhibition=on show=on display 展览;显示
(2)exhibit vt.展览;显示
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①We were treated to an exhibition ___ the footballer’s speed and skill.
②At the fair, related books, pictures, videos and objects will ____________(exhibit).
of
be exhibited
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
届时将展出各种各样的乐器,开阔参观者的视野。
→Various instruments ___________________, which will broaden visitors’ horizons.(exhibition)
→Various instruments ________________, which will broaden visitors’ horizons.(exhibit)
will be on exhibition
will be exhibited
3.talented adj.有才能的;有天资的
(应用文之活动报道)Then there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students.
届时将有才华横溢的学生表演各种精彩的节目。
【精要必记】
talent 　　　　　　　　 n.天才;才干
have/show a talent for 有/显示出……天赋
be gifted/talented in 有……天赋
【知识深一度】 微观talent与gift
talent常指后天通过努力具有的某种特殊才能,尤指艺术面的天分,一般不用复数;gift多指先天不需努力、与生俱来的优秀能力,可以用复数。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①(应用文之人物介绍)She is a ________(talent) English teacher,from whom
we students can learn a lot.
②Tom showed ___ talent for developing the relationship between teams.
③It is well known that Mary has a talent ____ teaching.
talented
a
for
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
如果你没有体育天赋,但仍然热衷于参与,请加入志愿者小组,帮助使这个重要的
活动取得巨大的成功。
If you _______________________ sports but still keen on participating, please join
the volunteer group to help make this important activity a great success.
are not talented/gifted in
4.professional adj.专业的;职业的;职业上的 n.专业人员;职业运动员
(应用文之求助信)I’d appreciate it if you could give me some professional guidance.
如果你能给我一些专业指导,我会很感激的。
【精要必记】
(1)profession 　　　　　 n.职业;专业
(2)professor n.教授
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The buildings as well as the artworks of the Forbidden City are well preserved by
____________(profession) staff.
②Some famous __________(professor) will be invited to be judges and make remarks
about the performances of the competitors.
professional
professors
5.stage n.舞台;讲台;阶段
(读后续写之心理描写)I was about to get on the stage when negative thoughts flooded into my mind.
当我准备上台时,消极的想法涌进了我的脑海。
【精要必记】
on (the) stage　　　　 在舞台上
go on the stage 当演员,上舞台
【知识宽一度】
　　名词stage(舞台;阶段)、situation(情况;形势;处境;位置)、position(位置;处境)、case(情况)、 occasion (场合)等充当先行词时,如在从句中作地点状语,常用where引导定语从句。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①At the same time, it can give us a stage _______ we can exchange our thoughts
with each other.
②Thinking and writing are different _______ (stage) of mind at work.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
我正准备上台,这时老师提醒我越自信,就越有可能成功。
I was about to _______________ when my teacher reminded me that the more confident
I was,the more likely I was to make it.
where
stages
go on the stage(共6张PPT)
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
Unit 7　Art
主题语境:人与社会之艺术
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
【单元名句赏析】
1.Art is much less important than life,but what a poor life without it!
—Robert Motherwell
艺术远没有生活重要,但是没有艺术的生活是多么乏味呀!
——罗伯特·马瑟韦尔
2.Art is the mold of feeling as language is the mold of thought. —Lange
艺术是感情的模制品,犹如语言是思想的模制品。——朗格
3.Art is the right hand of nature.The latter only gave us being,but the former made us men.—Schiller
艺术是自然的右手。自然只让我们存在,而艺术使我们成为人类。 ——席勒
【主题语段赏记】
1.There is no denying that he was a genius in many artistic aspects,because he was not only a talented musician and painter,but also an excellent performer of modern drama.
2.After he returned home in 1910,he became an editor of a best-selling newspaper and took charge of advertisement.
3.In 1918,he didn’t hesitate to become a monk and became remarkable in this mysterious and complex field.
4.He was born in 1880,during his youth, he appreciated Kang Youwei’s political opinions and followed him faithfully, which, however, was not acceptable at that time.(共80张PPT)
必备知识·认知导学
文本阅读·语篇研析
核心考点·探究内化
Part 3　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
语法知识·精讲点拨
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.with brightly painted _______ 戴着色彩鲜艳的面具
2.the _________ ___________ 后台气氛
3.with a _______smile 面带灿烂的微笑
4.his skills on the ______ 他的钢琴技巧
5.his __________with deafness 他与耳聋的斗争
6.________ with the composition 继续作曲
7.his ___________No.9 in D minor
他的《D小调第九交响曲》
masks
backstage atmosphere
broad
piano
struggles
proceed
Symphony
8.madly turning the pages of his ______
疯狂地翻动着他的乐谱
9._______ note __________the end of the symphony
欢乐的音符预示着交响乐的结束
score
joyous
signalled
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1.______ adj. 男(性)的→________adj. 女(性)的
2.________ n. 情感→__________adj. 情感上的,情绪上的→____________
adv. 情感上;情绪上
3._________ vi. & vt. 表演;演出→_____________n.表演;演出→___________
n.表演者
4._______ adj. (音乐)小调的;小的;不很重要的→_________n. 少数民族
5.____ n.高兴;乐趣→________adj. 欢乐的,令人愉快的→_______
adj. 高兴的,令人愉快的
male
female
emotion
emotional
emotionally
perform
performance
performer
minor
minority
joy
joyous
joyful
6._________ vt.作(曲);构成;写作→__________n. 作曲家→____________
n.作文,作曲
7._________vi. & vt. 回应,回复→_________n.回应;回复
8.________ v. 实施;指挥;带领 n. 行为,举止→___________n. 指挥
9._________vi. 犹豫;踌躇→__________n.犹豫;踌躇
compose
composer
composition
respond
response
conduct
conductor
hesitate
hesitation
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1._________________　　面对挑战
2.________ 放弃
3.__________ 把……添加到……
4.________________ 第一次
5.________ 毕竟;终究
6._______ 即使;虽然
7.____________________ 毫不犹豫做某事,尽管做某事
8.____________ 满面的笑容
face the challenge
give up
add ...to...
for the first time
after all
even if
not hesitate to do sth.
broad smile
9.________ 提到
10.be regarded as __________________
11.in the end ______
12.proceed with __________________
13.take charge of ______
14.in the air _________________________
15.jump to one’s feet ________________
16.as well ________
refer to
被认为是;被当作是
最后
继续进行;重新开始
负责
在空中;悬而未决;在流传中
一跃而起;跳起来
同样;也
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.__________________________________,the composer produced some amazing
pieces,including nine symphonies,five piano pieces,and an opera!(过去分词短语作
状语)
受与失聪作斗争的启发,这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品,包括九部交响
曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧!
2.________________ had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added
to the score. (动词-ing形式短语作主语)
写这首曲子花了好几年的时间,现在乐谱中最后的音符终于写完。
Inspired by his struggles with deafness
Writing the piece
3.But Beethoven continued conducting, _________________________. (独立主格
结构)
但贝多芬的头还埋在乐谱里继续指挥。
4.______________ Caroline Unger,one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to
face the audience _____the great man realised his symphony was a success. (It is not
until... that...直到……才……)
直到其中一个歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟人才意识到他的
交响乐取得了成功。
5._____________ more about them. (wish引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气)
我希望多了解它们一些。
his head buried in the score
It was not until
that
I wish I knew
文本阅读·语篇研析
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) General (1)____________ of Beethoven
Part 2(Para.2) The (2)___________ of Symphony No.9
Part 3 (Paras.3—6) The (3)_____________ of Symphony No.9
introduction
composing
performance
2.What’s the main idea of the text
A.A musical genius.
B.Achievements of Beethoven.
C.Beethoven and his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
D.Beethoven’s Symphony No.9 in D minor.
【阅读策点拨】
利用图形组织者理解文章的篇章结构
图形组织者是在文本中组织和说明信息的一种图像式。 这些包括流图、表格和图表。
·确定文本的类型(例如:叙述、论证、描述或说明)。
·分析写作技巧。文章是否包括按顺序排列、事实和观点、因果关系等 它有做比较和对比吗
·确定哪种类型的图形组织者能以最有效的式说明文本。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What is Beethoven famous for
A.Composing music.
B.Conducting orchestras.
C.His deafness.
D.His piano performances.
2.How many pieces of music works did Beethoven write
_______________
More than 130.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.How did Beethoven feel when he completed the ninth symphony
A.Happy.　　　　　 B.Cautious.
C.Serious. D.Bored.
2.What big challenge did Beethoven face
________________
He became deaf.
Ⅲ.Read Paras.3—6 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.How did the audience feel at the end of the symphony
________
2.Who was the only person in the room that didn’t hear the symphony
__________
3.What’s the best title of the passage
A.Beethoven, the world’s best composer
B.Beethoven, a very strange composer
C.Beethoven, a struggling composer
D.Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer
Excited.
Beethoven.
Task 3语篇总结·主题深化
　　Beethoven 1._________(bear) in Germany.He is regarded 2.___ one of the
greatest composers in the history of music. Unfortunately,he 3._____(lose) his hearing
in his twenties.He didn’t give up,and he continued to write music until his death in
1827.Beethoven produced some amazing pieces,including his Symphony No.9 in D
minor.
was born
as
lost
　　One day in February 1824, Beethoven’s ninth symphony was 4._______(final)
completed. Before the performance,Beethoven was afraid that the performance would
be 5.___ disaster.After all,he could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius.
　　The audience did not hesitate 6._______(clap) and cheer loudly as Beethoven
walked out onto the stage. For more than an hour,Beethoven jumped about in front of
the orchestra, 7.________(wave) his arms wildly in the air,and madly turning the pages
of his score.
finally
a
to clap
waving
　　As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony,the audience jumped
to their 8._____(foot),clapping,cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven
continued conducting,his head buried in the score. It was not until one of the singers
took his arm and turned him to face the audience 9._____ Beethoven realised his
symphony was a success. The audience was 10.________(shock),most of whom had
no idea that Beethoven was deaf!
feet
that
shocked
Task 4长句难句·释疑解难
1.As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine
how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
[句式分析]本句中As引导______________,意为“一边……一边……”;how引导
__________;when引导时间状语从句,意为“______________”。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________
时间状语从句
宾语从句
当……的时候
贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署下名字,同时努力想象人们第一次听到它
时会有什么反应。
2.After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a
musical genius
[句式分析]本句中what引导__________;who引导__________,修饰先行词conductor;
even if引导让步状语从句,意为“______”。
[自主翻译]___________________________________________________________
_________
主语从句
定语从句
尽管
毕竟,一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥,即使他是音乐天才,能有什
么用呢
3.Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission, while others
see this as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
[句式分析]本句整体为while连接的表示__________的并列句。其中第一个分句中
it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission为省that的__________,
含有if引导的______________。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________________
对比关系
宾语从句
条件状语从句
一些人认为未经业主许可就这样做是一种犯罪,而另一些人则认为这
是一种非传统文化表达的丰富形式。
Task 阅读升华·拓展思维
1.When was Symphony No.9 in D minor completed What was Beethoven thinking
when he finished the symphony
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________
2.How do you think Beethoven felt while he was conducting the orchestra
____________________________________________________________________
One day in February 1824,the famous German composer’s ninth symphony was
finally completed.Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when
they heard it for the first time.
Personally, Beethoven was very excited when conducting the ninth symphony.
核心考点·探究内化
1.refer to指的是;参考,查阅;涉及,提到;提交
(读后续写之心理描写)It suddenly dawned on me that it referred to “Entrance”.
我突然明白了,它指的是“入口”。
【精要必记】
(1)refer to...as...　　　 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
(2)reference n. 提及;参考;查阅
in/with reference to 关于
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Johnson referred to the discovery ____a major breakthrough in medical science
yesterday.
②You may refer the matter ____him if necessary.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
由于不知道他的电话号码,我只好查电话簿。
Not knowing his telephone number, I had to _____________________.
as
to
refer to the phone book
2.struggle n.斗争 vi.奋斗,拼搏
The country won its own independence after many years’ struggle.
这个国家经过多年的斗争赢得了独立。
【精要必记】
struggle for　　　　　 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某物作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
知识宽一度 小语段牢记“struggle”短语
Unluckily,the farmers have suffered a heavy drought this year.They have to struggle for a living.They are struggling with the bad weather for a better harvest.Anyway,they are struggling to increase their income.However,the financial crisis adds to their difficulties.As a result,they have to face the struggle for existence.
不幸的是,今年农民已经遭受了严重的干旱。他们为了生活不得不奋斗。他们为了有更好的收成一直在跟糟糕的天气抗争着。不管怎样,他们都在努力增加收入。然而,金融危机增加了他们的困难。结果,他们不得不面临生存的抗争。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①My efforts and _________(struggle) have paid off.
②My mother struggled ________(bring) up my family on a very low income when
I was in senior high school.
③Having struggled ______depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years,
he now understands how important being healthy is.
④His inspiring story encourages a mass of poor people to struggle _____freedom.
struggles
to bring
with
for
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①海伦·凯勒又聋又瞎,但是她从未放弃,努力过着积极的生活。
Helen Keller became deaf and blind, but she never gave up and ____________
____________________.
②Although seriously injured, he managed to rise to his feet and moved slowly ahead.
→Although seriously injured, he managed to __________________and moved
slowly ahead.
struggled to
lead/live an active life
struggle to his feet
3.respond vi.&vt.回应,回复
(应用文之建议信)Getting enough sleep is always going to be an important part of how you respond to your situation.
有充足的睡眠总是你如何应对你的情况的一个重要组成部分。
【精要必记】
(1)respond to　　　 回答……,对……作出反应
(2)response n.回答;反应;响应
make a/no response to... 对……给予/没有回答
in response (to) 作为(对……的)回应
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The product was developed ____response to customers’ demand.
②The team now wants to find out whether dogs have a similar emotional
_________(respond) when reunited with other dogs.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他对我的建议未作出回应,这让我感到很伤心。
→He _______________________________, which made me very sad.
→He _____________________________, which made me very sad.
in
response
made no response to my suggestion
didn’t respond to my suggestion
4.hesitate vi.犹豫;踌躇
(应用文之推荐信)If you want more information, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
如果您想了解更多信息,请毫不犹豫与我联系。
【精要必记】
(1)hesitate to do sth.　　 不愿/犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over sth. 对某事迟疑不决
(2)hesitation n.犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I will not hesitate ________(take) unpopular decisions.
②I hesitate ___________ taking his side until I know the whole story.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
她说得很对,很有信心,毫不犹豫。
She spoke it correctly with confidence and _________________.
to take
about/over
without hesitation
5.charge n.[U]主管,负责;[C, U]指控,控告;[U,C]费用,要价 v.收费,要价;控告;指控;充电;猛冲
(应用文之告知信)Students from all over China can now visit it in groups free of charge every Tuesday.
来自中国各地的学生现在可以每周二免费组团参观。
图解助记
知识宽一度
charge sb. with sth.意思同accuse sb. of sth.,表示“控告某人犯某罪”,但搭配不同。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I wonder how much you will charge us _____the six-week course.
②He was also charged ______lying to federal(联邦的) officers.
③You can get the book free ____charge according to the rule.
for
with
of
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①负责该公司的经理由于向充电的顾客收费1 000美元而被控告。
The manager ____________the company _________________charging the
customer 1,000 dollars for ___________________.
②It was said that a newly-elected manager took charge of the sales department.
→It was said that the sales department ___________________a newly-elected
manager.
in charge of
was charged with
charging the battery
was in the charge of
6.compose vt. 作(曲);构成;写作
(读后续写之动作描写)He kept practicing, performing with others and composing his own songs.
他坚持练习,和别人一起表演,并创作自己的歌曲。
【精要必记】
(1)be composed of=be made up of=consist of由……组成
(2)composer n.作曲家;作家,著作家
(3)composition n.(音乐、艺术、诗歌的) 作品;作文
【知识深一度】
consist of易错提醒
　　consist of不用于进行时态,也不用于被动语态。consist of可以与be made up
of/be composed of互换。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She read my ____________(compose) aloud in front of the whole class and spoke
highly of me, which inspired me greatly.
②He is a famous __________(compose)of pop music and ______________
(compose)more than 200 pieces of music since 1999.
composition
composer
has composed
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
地球由七大洲和四大洋组成。
→The Earth ___________seven continents and four oceans.
→The Earth ____________________________seven continents and four oceans.
consists of
is made up of(=is composed of)
7.强调句
(教材原句)It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一个歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟大的音乐家才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
句型解构
　　本句使用了强调句型,其结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。
(1)强调句式的构成:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。当被强调的部分为主语时,句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who...
(4)对“not...until...”进行强调时,应使用句型“It is/was not until...that...”。当not until 置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
注意:(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等,不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did+动词原形”。
(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置,句子完整,则为强调句。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①(2022·国甲卷)But it is the harbor _____makes the city.
②My voice was so little and the shop owner had to bend down to hear ______it was
that I wanted to buy.
③___was because it snowed heavily that I stayed at home.
that
what
It
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句式升级
①只有当你能从过去中摆脱出来时,一个新的世界才会向你敞开。
It is only ___________________________________that a whole new world can open
up to you.
②直到去年我们去海牙旅行,这个梦想才成真!
It wasn’t until we went on a trip to the Hague last year ________________________!
③他是什么时候决定修这门课的
_________________he made up his mind to take this course
when you can break free from the past
that this dream came true
When was it that
④As far as I’m concerned, the concern from the teachers and classmates has changed
him entirely.(用“强调句”升级)
→As far as I’m concerned, ________________________________________________
has changed him entirely.
it’s the concern from the teachers and classmates that
【要点拾遗】
1.master vt.掌握,精通 n.大师;主人
They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples to others.
他们这些运动员肯定是体育面的高手,而且也为其他人树立了好榜样。
【精要必记】
a master of　　　　能手;擅长……者
a master’s degree 硕士学位
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①It was difficult at first, but later, he __________(master) it and stood proudly beside
his creation.
②Using oil, Rembrandt gained a reputation as a master ____shadow and light.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
他是一个严肃而聪明,拥有牛津大学的硕士学位的人。
He is a serious and intelligent man with _________________from Oxford University.
mastered
of
a master’s degree
2.emotion n.情感
(应用文之发言稿)Many stresses and negative emotions can be swept away by doing exercise.
许多压力和负面情绪都可以通过锻炼消除。
(读后续写之动作描写)He stated emotionally that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my father had shown to him in the past. 他动情地说,现在轮到他报答我父亲过去对他的恩情了。
【精要必记】
(1)in good/bad emotion 好/坏心情
(2)emotional adj. 情感的,情绪的;情绪激动的
(3)emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She offered him __________(emotion) and practical support in many ways.
②I am willing to share my clothes on your app as it feels like I am ____________
(emotional) connecting someone in my clothes.
③(读后续写之心理描写)Awful __________(emotion) washed over me—shock,
horror, anger, powerlessness, guilt—a potential life sentence of guilt.
emotional
emotionally
emotions
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
当你有好的情绪时,你可以很容易地处理问题。
You can deal with problems easily when ______________________.
you are in good emotion
3.otherwise adv.否则,要不然;在其他面,除此之外
(应用文之倡议书)We need to set a goal for ourselves and strive for it. Otherwise, we will have no motivation to get our goal achieved.
我们需要为自己设定一个目标并为之奋斗。否则,我们将会没有动力去实现目标。
(读后续写之人物描写)Buzzman was cold and hungry, but otherwise OK.
巴兹曼又冷又饿,但其他面还好。
【精要必记】
“祈使句+otherwise/or/or else+陈述句”结构,常用于从反面来预测结果。
【活用·练透】 写出下列句中otherwise的汉语意思
①Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. ________
②He was slightly bruised but otherwise unhurt. __________
③The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory. ____________
要不然
除此之外
在其他面
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
做作业时我想一个人待着,否则我就不能集中精力做我正在做的事情。
I’d like to be left alone when doing homework, ______________________________
_______________.
otherwise I won’t concentrate on
what I’m doing
4.aspect n.面
(应用文之建议信)I think if you can do these aspects for a long time, you will be slim and energetic.
我想如果你能长期做到这些面,你会变得苗条而充满活力。
【精要必记】
aspect of ……的面
from many aspects 从很多角度/面
in the aspect of=in terms of 在……面
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’ll give you a brief introduction to some aspects ____film-making you might be
unfamiliar with.
②The new policy will differ from the previous approach in several key ________
(aspect).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
中国商人对细节很挑剔,尤其是质量面。
Chinese businessmen are particular about the details, especially ______________
________.
of
aspects
in the aspect of
quality
5.minor adj.(音乐)小调的;小的;不很重要的
(读后续写之主旨升华)It’s the minor deeds we do today that have a deep impact on this planet. 正是我们今天做的小事对这个星球产生了深远的影响。
【精要必记】
(1)minority 　　 n.少数
in a/the minority 占少数
a/the minority of ……的少数
(2)major adj.主要的;重要的;主修的
n.主修科目 vi.主修
major in... 主修……
(3)majority n.大半,大多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
【知识深一度】
“a/the minority of+名词”作主语时,其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the minority作主语时,谓语动词既可以用复数,也可以用单数。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If they find themselves ____the minority, they will behave very differently.
②Only a _________(minor) of young people play classical instruments.
③The majority ___unwilling to listen to the views of the minority.
④The majority of astronauts from America ___________(be) men in the last few years.
in
minority
is
have been
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他激励我在大学主修英语,成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。
He inspires me to ________________in college to be a bridge between China and the
world.
②澳大利亚的白人占多数,而土著人占少数。
The white __________________in Australia while the native people ______________.
major in English
are in the majority
in the minority
6.tense adj.紧张的;焦虑不安的
(应用文之活动报道)Finally, the game ended in a tense atmosphere.
最后,比赛在紧张的气氛中结束了。
【精要必记】
(1)be/get tensed up 　　 变得神经紧张
(2)tensely adv.紧张地;拉紧地
(3)tension n.紧张,压力
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He is suffering from ________(tense) and doesn’t know how to deal with it.
②Two girls, perhaps four and five years old, watched their mother ________(tense).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
乘客们听到船被抢劫,紧张起来。
The passengers _______________up when they heard the ship was robbed.
tension
tensely
were/got tensed
7.wish引导虚拟语气
(教材原句)I wish I knew more about them.
我希望多了解它们一些。
句型解构
　　本句中wish后接宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表示“未实现或不太可能实现的愿望”。wish后的宾语从句中的谓语形式如下:
(1)did/were表示与现在事实相反的愿望;
(2)had done/been表示与过去事实相反的愿望;
(3)would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I wish she __________(try) again.
②I wish you __________(come) to my birthday party yesterday.
③I wish I ______(be)not so busy.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
我站在那里,默默地流着悔恨的泪水,我希望我没对爸爸说如此刻薄的话。
I stood there, shedding tears of regret in silence and I wished that _________________
_______________________.
would try
had come
were
I hadn’t said such
sharp words to my father
词汇对接高考
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)This mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us
struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
翻译:________________________________________________________________
___________________
2.(2024·新高考I卷·完形填空)First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a
“super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.
翻译:_______________________________________________________________
_________________________
这种不匹配是为什么我们很多人要努力抵制那些我们知道我们不应该吃
的诱人食物的核心。
首先,有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我,她正在为“超级”马拉松训练,指的
是52.4英里的双马拉松。
3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)Levine and his research team selected volunteers
aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
翻译:________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写)He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
翻译:______________________________________
莱文和他的研究团队挑选了年龄在45岁到64岁之间的志愿者,他们不怎么
锻炼,但在其他面都很健康。
他犹豫了一下,然后说他已经决定不跑了。
语法知识·精讲点拨
同根词变形(The same root is deformed)
教材自主探究
观察以下单词并思考黑体部分的构词功能
1.musical　　　 2.composer　　　 3.hearing
4.deafness 5.amazing 6.composition
7.proudly 8.performance 9.conductor
探究:
1.名词_______后+al构成形容词;
2.动词_________后+r构成名词;
3.动词_____后+ing构成名词;
4.形容词_____后+ness构成名词;
5.动词_______去e+ing构成形容词;
6.动词_________去e+ition构成名词;
7.形容词_______后+ly构成副词;
8.动词_________后+ance构成名词;
9.动词________后+or构成名词。
music
compose
hear
deaf
amaze
compose
proud
perform
conduct
语法精要点拨
同根词变形是指在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词。其变化规律常见的形式有以下几种:
1.名词后+ful 构成形容词,如care—careful、use—useful;
2.形容词后+ly 构成副词,如careful—carefully、quick—quickly;
3.名词后+ous 构成形容词,如danger—dangerous、poison—poisonous;
4.表示天气的名词后+y 构成形容词,如sun—sunny、rain—rainy;
5.部分t结尾的形容词,变t 为ce 构成名词,如different—difference、important—importance;
6.部分y结尾的形容词,变y为i+ness 构成名词,如happy—happiness、busy—business。
　　英语中,如果记单词时可以恰当地运用同根词法,可能会事半功倍。以下列举了部分常见的同根词。
词根 例词
able ability
act actor,actress,action,activity
appear appearance, disappear
attract attraction, attractive
danger dangerous
die dying, dead, death
即学活用 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2022·浙江1月高考)Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went
from mere _________(curious) to a basic necessity.
2.I have been dreaming of being a _______(piano)since my childhood.
3.Alison, who was as tall and thin and __________(attract)as a tree, was very good at
basketball.
4.(2021·浙江1月高考)Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps
short of the physical ________(active)they need to avoid being overweight.
5.(2023·国甲卷)For those __________(extreme) hungry, there’s a large set menu.
curiosity
pianist
attractive
activity
extremely
6.(2024·国甲卷)He suggested I think about the __________(different) between
endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters.
7.The man in the studio was very patient with us and gave us a lot of _______(use)tips.
8.Waving the note in the air, he shouted ________(happy), “Enough money for my
bike!”
9.He never gives up, no matter how __________(danger) the situation seems to be.
10.The thought of ______(taste) fruits and fresh vegetables makes my mouth water.
difference
useful
happily
dangerous
tasty
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解B)My mobile phone was inside, but _______(lucky)
there was a telephone box across the street.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C)One doubter about the _______(safe) of cloud
seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of
Oklahoma.
luckily
safety
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)A similar process is at work in our _________
(respond) to information.
4.(2023·国甲卷·完形填空)And the wine was _______(cloud), in a funny old bottle
with no label(标签)on it.
response
cloudy
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解A)It has a seemingly _____________________________.
它似乎有无数的餐饮选择。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A)You can also bike ______________________outside
of Amsterdam.
你也可以沿着阿姆斯特丹郊外美丽的风景骑行。
bottomless well of dining options
along lovely landscapes
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·七选五)In the past few years, online learning has ________
__________________________________________________.
在过去的几年里,在线学习已经成为大学及其经验的重要组成部分。
4.(2024·九省联考·阅读理解A)The posters ________________serve the purpose of
both advertising and art.
展览中的海报既有广告也有艺术的目的。
become
a significant part of the university and college experience
in the exhibition(共112张PPT)
必备知识·认知导学
文本阅读·语篇研析
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 7　Art
Part 2　Lesson 1
语法知识·精讲点拨
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.a thin _______　　　　　　　 一个瘦弱的身影
2.make people see yellow ______ 让人们看到黄点
3.the ____________ work of art 艺术杰作
4.the _______ of the drug 药物的效果
5.________ this amazing sky 在这片神奇的天空下
6.______ his sense of sight 影响他的视觉
figure
spots
masterpiece
effects
beneath
affect
7.hear the ________ of nature 倾听大自然的呐喊
8.paint the same ______ 27 times 同一个场景画了27次
9.the major ______ of the fire 火灾的主要原因
10.a vital form of _______ art 视觉艺术的一种重要形式
11.create a great _______ 建立一个伟大的帝国
scream
scene
cause
visual
empire
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1._____ n. 星星→_______ adj. 布满星星的
2._______ adj.精神上的;心理上的→_________ adv.精神上;心理上
3.______ n. 团,块;大量;群众→________ adj. 巨大的→__________ adv. 大量地;沉重地
4.____ v. 失败;不及格→_______ n. 失败的事;失败
5.______ v. 打,击;罢工→________ adj. 惊人的;显著的
6._____ v. 看 n. 景色→_______ n. 观看者
7.______ v. 燃烧;烧毁;晒伤→______ adj. 烧坏的,烧伤的→________ adj. 燃烧着的
8.________ n.神秘事物,难以理解的事物→___________ adj. 神秘的;难以解释的
9.______ v.(作出)反应;起化学反应→________ n. 反应
star
starry
mental
mentally
mass
massive
massively
fail
failure
strike
striking
view
viewer
burn
burnt
burning
mystery
mysterious
react
reaction
【词缀串记】
-ly常用于形容词后构成副词, 例如:
mental adj.→mentally　　 精神上,心理上
effective adj.→__________ 有效地
happy adj.→________ 快乐地
wide adj.→_______　　　　 广泛地
true adj.→______ 真正地
emotional adj.→____________ 情绪上;情绪激动地
effectively
happily
widely
truly
emotionally
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1._______　　　　　　 导致;通向
2._______________ 发出尖叫声
3.__________ 一系列
4._______ 充满;装满
5.______ 关于,至于
6.race across ___________
7.in one’s lifetime ________________
8.be connected to ________________________
9.play with ______________
lead to
let out a scream
a series of
full of
as for
横渡; 穿越
在某人的一生中
与……有关联;与……连接
同……一起玩
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s ______________
________________________________. (to think作宾语补足语;that引导宾语从句
作think的宾语)
凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常,专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
2._______________ is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full
of brightness and soft white clouds. (what 引导主语从句)
奇怪的是,在房子和树木之上,我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
mental illness
may have affected his sense of sight
What is strange
3.It shows a beautiful house _____________________, surrounded by the darkness
of night. (过去分词短语作定语)
它展示了一座美丽的房子,房子里被灯光照亮,外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。
4.I was walking down the road with two friends ________________...(sb.was doing
sth. when...)
太阳落山时,我和两个朋友一起顺着路走……
lit by lights from inside
when the sun set
文本阅读·语篇研析
【新课导入】
Discuss and answer the following two questions.
1.What is masterpiece
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________
2.What do you see in the three paintings on Page 8
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
It’s a work of art that is of high quality,that is the best or that a particular artist,
writer etc. has created.
White and yellow circles; an amazing sky; a sleeping village; a thin figure; a dark,
stormy sea,a house lit by lights from inside, and so on.
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
A.The three famous painters.
B.The definition of masterpieces.
C.The methods of creating paints.
D.The three painters’ masterpieces.
【阅读策点拨】
1.历史人物及其杰作类说明文的文体特点
历史人物及其杰作类说明文属于事物说明文中的一种,是以著名历史人物及其代表作品为具体说明对象,通过对历史人物的生平,成就,其作品的创作、特点以及影响等作客观而准确的介绍,使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物。
2.历史人物及其杰作类说明文的读文技法
(1)明确说明对象,抓住对象特征
历史人物及其杰作类说明文的介绍对象,既可能是介绍人物,也有可能是介绍与人物有关的具有代表性的事或物等。读文时应重点解读文章的标题、首段的关键词、结尾以及每段的中心句,最终总结出文着力说明的中心事物,这才是文章的说明对象。
(2)厘清说明顺序,把握文章结构
主体部分的段落、层次之间的结构形式一般有:并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式等。
(3)在语境中理解语句,体会说明文语言的特点
文章中对杰作的介绍使用了很多描述性词汇来描写自然环境,将画中景色刻画得栩栩如生、细致入微,带给读者美的享受。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Masterpieces
Ⅰ.Read Paras.1—3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What is not included in the painting The Starry Night
A.Circles.　 　 B.Clouds.
C.Horses. D.A village and a tree.
2.Why was Van Gogh staying at a home in June 1889
A.He was injured.
B.He was out of work.
C.He was mentally ill.
D.He wanted to paint at home.
3.What do the experts think of Van Gogh’s unusual use of colour
______________________________________________________________
They think that his mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
Ⅱ.Read Paras. 4—6 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.When did Munch paint The Scream
A.In 1893. B.In 1889.
C.In 1953. D.In 1954.
2.What makes The Scream striking
__________________________________________
3.What inspired the painter
___________________________________
It shows a thin figure with an expression of fear.
His experience of walking with friends.
Ⅲ.Read Paras. 7—9 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.The reactions of viewers towards The Empire of Light are _________.
2.Between 1953 and 1954,how many times did Magritte paint the same scene
_________
Task 3阅读升华·拓展思维
1.What are the names of the three paintings
____________________________________________
2.What’s your opinion of the three paintings after reading the descriptions
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
different
27 times.
The Starry Night;The Scream;The Empire of Light.
In my opinion, the three paintings are full of artistic beauty, full of emotion
and give people the space to imagine.
Task 4语篇总结·主题深化
　　In 1889 Van Gogh painted The Starry Night using his unusual way. At that time
he stayed at home for his mental 1._______(ill) which some experts thought affected
his sense of sight. The drug that he took can make people see yellow spots. 2.______________(fortunately), Van Gogh only sold one painting in his lifetime.
Though he thought The Starry Night was a failure, it is now one of the world’s most
famous 3._________(painting).
　　In 1893, Edvard Munch was suffering a lot of pain because of his mental health
problems. He painted The Scream, 4._______ shows a thin figure with an expression
of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting 5.____ a powerful scream. In his
diary, Munch talked about what inspired him 6.________(paint) the picture.
illness
Unfortunately
paintings
which
out
to paint
　　René Magritte painted a series of paintings,7.__________(include) The Empire of
Light. It shows a beautiful house 8.___(light) by lights from inside, surrounded by the
darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a
daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite 9.___ mysterious
scene. Magritte was inspired by his thoughts and ideas. The viewers have different
reactions to The Empire of Light. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change
between day 10._____ night in the paintings was surprising.
including
lit
a
and
Task 5长句难句·释疑解难
1.In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road
with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood
there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.”
[句式分析]句中what inspired him为what引导的_________;when引导______________,
意为“当……的时候”;as...as 意为“与……一样”,其中第一个as为副词,其后接形容
词或副词原形,第二个as为____________,其后接名词、代词或从句。
[自主翻译]___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________
宾语从句
时间状语从句
介词或连词
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源,“太阳落山时, 我和两个朋友一
起走在路上, 天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着,然后听到了大自
然的尖叫声。”
2.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the
figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
[句式分析]句中What makes it striking为what引导的__________;that引导__________。
[自主翻译]__________________________________________________________
______________________
主语从句
表语从句
这幅画富有冲击力,画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张,
正发出强烈的尖叫声。
核心考点·探究内化
1.figure n.数字;人像,人形;图 vt.计算;认为
(应用文之建议信)I think health is more important than keeping a good figure.
我认为健康比保持好身材更重要。
【精要必记】
(1)a historical figure 　　 一位历史人物
keep/lose one’s figure 保持身材/身材走样
(2)figure out 算出;想出;理解
figure in 是……的部分
figure that 认为……
【知识宽一度】figure一词多义
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The only problem is that I can’t figure ____ why she’d want to date a guy like me.
②Painted in different colors, the clay _______ (figure)are quite an art work.
out
figures
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们把差旅费算进去了,但忘了算伙食费。
We __________ the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals.
②我停下车,在地图上确定了我的位置,发现我是在两个农场之间的一条叫布维
耶巷的路上。
I stopped the car, pinning my location on the map, ____________ that I was on a road
called Bouvier Lane, in between two farms.
figured in
figuring out
2.affect vt.影响;使感动;假装;侵袭
(教材原句)His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常,专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。
(经典例句)It is typical of teenagers to talk back to their parents but deep down, they have a deep affection for their parents.青少年往往会顶撞父母,但在内心深处,他们对父母有着深厚的感情。
【精要必记】
(1)affect sb. to tears　 把某人感动得掉泪
be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深感动(影响)
be affected with... 患……病;受……影响
(2)affection n.喜爱;爱慕
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us much
_________(affect).
②The deadly disease ____________(affect) many people and has caused at least
30 deaths up to now.
affection
has affected
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句转换
①那天,他的及时帮助感动得我热泪盈眶。
That day, his timely help __________________.
②I was afraid to be judged by others due to my glasses—it made me believe the glasses would affect a person’s beauty.
→I was afraid to be judged by others due to my glasses—it made me believe the glasses ______________________a person’s beauty.
affected me to tears
would have an effect on
3.spot n.(圆)点;斑点;污渍 adj.现货交易的 vt.发现;让步(spot-spotted-spotted-spots)
(教材原句)He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night.
他还服用过一种药物,可以让人看到黄色斑点,就像《星空》中的星星那样。
(读后续写之心理描写)She was shocked to spot them floating much farther out than they were allowed to go.
她震惊地发现它们漂得比允许的距离远得多。
【精要必记】
(1)on the spot　　　　　 当场
(2)spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
spot that... 发现……
be spotted with 散布;点缀
【名师点津】
spot 用作动词时,其过去式、过去分词均为spotted。spotted 也可作形容词,意为 “有花点的,有斑点的”,如:a spotted dog (一条斑点狗)。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①While shopping in the mall, I happened to spot him ________ (walk) with a girl
shoulder to shoulder.
②In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper ____ the spot.
walking
on
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我发现了一颗流星,使我惊讶的是,它是明亮的绿色。
I ________ a shooting star, which to my astonishment was bright green in colour.
②伤员一定是跑过草地,因为草地上有血迹。
The wounded must have run across the grass land, because the grass
__________________________.
spotted
had been spotted with blood
4.striking adj.惊人的;显著的
(读后续写之心理描写)Looking at the striking fingerprints, Emma went red with shame and apologized.
看着醒目的指纹,艾玛羞愧得脸都红了,然后道歉。
(应用文之演讲稿)Know what to do matters when a hurricane strikes.
知道飓风来袭时该做什么很重要。
【图解助记】
【知识宽一度】strike一词多义
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①There are ________(strike) similarities between the two cases.
②___ struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
③The union threatened that they would go ____ strike if their demands were not met.
④On hearing the girl _______(strike) by a truck has been sent to hospital by an
ambulance, many people volunteered to donate blood.
striking
It
on
struck
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①罗丝的祖母用颤抖的手打她,说:“永远不要放弃。一切都会好起来的。”
Rose’s grandmother ____________________________ and said, “Never give up.
Everything will be all right.”
②当我走在街上时,我突然想到一个好主意。
_________________________ suddenly when I was walking on the street.
③It occurred to her that she forgot to lock the door.
→________________ she forgot to lock the door.
struck her with a shaking hand
A wonderful idea struck me
It struck her that
5.let out放出;发出(叫声等);泄露;加宽(衣服)
(读后续写之动作描写)When Miss Baugh saw the items, she let out a little cry and looked for something to wipe up the ink.
当宝小姐看到这些东西时,她轻轻喊了一声,就去找东西擦去墨水了。
【精要必记】
let alone　　　　　 更不用说;更谈不上
let sb./sth.alone 对某人/某事放任不管
let sb.down 使某人失望
let go of 放开
【活用·练透】 写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思
①The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. _____
②It was Tom who let out the secret. _____
③He asked his mother to let out his trousers. _____
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
不要让我失望!我还指望你支持我呢。
Don’t ____________!I’m depending on you to support me.
发出
泄露
加宽
let me down
6.reaction n.反应,回应(与to连用)
(读后续写之心理描写)My initial reaction was why on earth we would have a snow day.我最初的反应是究竟为什么我们会遇到一个下雪天。
【精要必记】
(1)in reaction to　　　 为了应对
a chain reaction 连锁反应
(2)react vi. (作出)反应;回应
react to... 对……作出反应
react against... 反抗,反对……
react with 和……发生化学反应
react on/upon 对……起作用/有影响
【知识宽一度】react串记
Please share how you reacted to the situation and the cause of your reaction.
请分享针对这种情况你是如何作出反应的以及你的(这种)反应的原因。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The machine building industry reacted _________ the coal industry considerably.
②When we use metals, it is important to know how they react _____ different substances,
for example, water and oxygen.
③Martin Luther King did all he could to react ________ racism.
upon/on
with
against
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①为应对经济危机,大多数雇主都在计划削减工资。
The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages _____________
the economic crisis.
②灰狼的消失在森林里引起了连锁反应。
The disappearance of grey wolves resulted in ________________in the forest.
in reaction to
a chain reaction
7.sb.was doing sth.when...“某人正在做某事,这时(突然……)”
(教材原句)I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...太阳落山时,我和两个朋友一起顺着路走,天空突然变得像血一样红……
【句型解构】
　　sb. was doing sth. when...句型表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然)……”,when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时。when表示“这时/那时(突然)”时,相当于 and then, and just then或 and at that time。when可与 suddenly连用以加强语气。
【知识宽一度】
when作并列连词时,主要用于
(1)was/were doing sth.when sth./sb.did;
(2)was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;
(3)was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb. did;
(4)had just done when sth./sb. did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I ____________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on
the wrong road.
②The man was on the point of ________(leave) when someone rushed in.
was driving
leaving
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们正沿着一条乡间小路行驶,这时一辆汽车从我们身边开过。
We were driving along a country lane _______________________.
②我正要离开,这时电话铃响了。
I _________________________________________________when the telephone rang.
③昨天她刚做完家庭作业,她母亲就让她练习弹钢琴。
She just had finished her homework __________________________________________
__________yesterday.
when a car drove past us
was just leaving / about to leave/on the point of leaving
when her mother asked her to practise playing
the piano
【要点拾遗】
1.cause n.原因;事业;目标 vt.导致,引起;使发生
(应用文之建议信)On the contrary, you should analyze the cause of your failure.
相反,你应该分析你失败的原因。
The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.
艰难的驾驶条件引发了好几起事故。
【精要必记】
(1)a/the cause of 　　　 ……的原因
cause and effect 因果(关系)
(2)cause sb./sth. to do 导致某人/某物做
cause sb./sth. sth. 给某人/某物带来某物
cause sth. for sb. 给某人造成……
【知识宽一度】cause,reason 与excuse
cause 指某事发生的原因,常与of 连用;
reason 解释做某事的原因,常与for 连用;
excuse指为自己辩解的借口性的理由, 常与for 连用。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause
___ global climate change.
②Some people experience too much hair loss from a variety of _______(cause).
③Running on an empty stomach may cause you _______(run) out of energy.
of
causes
to run
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①因果关系是解释发生在我们周围的事情的一种式。
“________________” is one way to explain things that happen around us.
②失去自行车给她带来了极大的不便。
The loss of her bike ____________________________.
③昨天开会的时候,她为放弃这个计划提出了一些具有说服力的理由。
At the meeting yesterday, she ___________________________________________
___________.
Cause and effect
caused her much inconvenience
put forward some convincing reasons for giving
up the plan
2.scene n.场面,场景;景色,风光
(应用文之发言稿)A large fleet led by him navigated the blue seas, creating a splendid scene.
在他的带领下,一支庞大的舰队航行在蔚蓝的海洋上,创造了一幅壮丽的景象。
【精要必记】
on the scene　　　　 在现场
make the scene 到场,在某处露面
behind the scenes 在后台,在幕后;暗中
come on the scene 登场
【知识宽一度】
　　scene作“场面;场景;现场”讲,后接定语从句,且关系词在从句中作状语时,一般用关系副词where或in which来引导。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Reporters were soon ____ the scene after the accident.
②He was an important man _______ the scenes in the play.
③Although it is 30 years since we last met, I still remember the scene _______ we
got separated on a rainy day.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
一直在幕后指挥的导演在颁奖晚会现场宣布,这部影片的最佳女主角即将登场。
The director, who had been ________________, announced ____________at the awards
party that the best actress of the film was about to _________________.
on
behind
where
behind the scenes
on the scene
come on the scene
3.scream n.尖叫,尖叫声; vi.&vt.高声喊出
He was trying to scream for help, but each time it turned out nothing.
他试图大声呼救,但每次都无济于事。
(读后续写之动作描写)While working on a construction site in Michigan, Hansen heard terrified screams coming from nearby.
汉森在密歇根州的一个建筑工地工作时,听到附近传来惊恐的尖叫声。
【精要必记】
scream for help 　　　　　　 大声呼救
scream with excitement/joy 兴奋/开心得尖叫
scream out　　　　 尖叫
【知识宽一度】
“vi.+out”的短语有:
cry out　　　 大声呼喊
laugh out 大笑
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①After shouting and screaming ____ an hour, she walked out in tears.
②She tried to scream ____ loud,but there’s no sound.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我带着兴奋和感激尖叫,扑向他:“谢谢你,爸爸。”
_________________________and gratitude,I threw myself at him,“Thank you,Dad.”
②当坏消息突然传来时,他痛苦地大叫。
He ______________in pain when the bad news came suddenly.
③当我读到这面的笑话时,我大声笑了出来。
When I read the jokes in this issue, I ____________loud.
for
out
Screaming with excitement
was crying out
laughed out
4.as for至于,关于;说起
(应用文之征文投稿)As for me, I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.
就我而言,我会一直牢记交通规则。
【精要必记】
(1)as to　　　　　 至于,关于
(2)as if/though 仿佛,好像
【知识宽一度】
　　as for/to意为“至于,关于”,用来转移话题,引出另外一或新的谈话内容。as for me表意接近于in my opinion/in my view/ personally/as far as I’m concerned等。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
As ______ my job in the future, I want to be a scientist who will help make the world
a better place.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他们口头上吹嘘他们似乎完成了很多工作;但实际上,他们几乎没做什么。
They talked _____________________________, but in reality they did very little.
②对于学生而言,没有比图书馆更好的学习场所了,所以我们在这里必须要保持
安静。
______________, there is no better studying place than the library, so we have to
keep quiet here.
for/to
as if they had accomplished a lot
As for students
5.massive adj.大量的;巨大的;大而重的;结实的
(读后续写之环境描写)Finally, we reached a hill and saw the massive rock sitting alone in the forest.
最后,我们到达了一座小山,看到那块巨大的岩石孤零零地躺在森林里。
Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
从火车窗户看去,加拿大的山峦和森林显得宏伟壮观。
【精要必记】
(1)massively　 adv. 大量地;沉重地;庄严地
(2)mass n. 块,团;群众,民众;大量;质量
a mass of 一团/块/堆/群;大量,许多
the masses 群众;平民百姓
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Literary works of this kind are well received by ____ masses.
②They insist the tax will __________(massive) reduce future investment.
③In my mind’s eye I saw the old building that I worked in, so ________(mass)
and beautiful.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
顷刻之间,两人都被一团大雪击中,并将他们带下山500英尺。
Instantly, both were hit by _______________that would hit and carry them 500 feet
down the mountain.
the
massively
massive
a mass of snow
6.failure n.[C]失败的人/事[U]失败
(读后续写之心理描写)But at that moment, I found I was so scared of her failure.
但在那一刻,我发现我是如此害怕她的失败。
I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
我没能明白他的论据背后的逻辑。
【精要必记】
(1)end in failure　　　 以失败告终
success and failure 成功与失败
power failure 停电
(2)fail vi.失败,不及格;衰退
fail to do 未能做
【知识深一度】 failure可数不可数
failure 作“失败”讲时是不可数名词,表示抽象意义;作“失败者,失败的事”讲时是可数名词,表示具体意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的具体化”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①One of the reasons why people fail ______(get) a good night’s sleep is pressure
from school or work.
②As a musician he was ___ failure,but as an artist,he was a great success.
③I suddenly realized I was going to stop seeing myself as a _______(fail).
to get
a
failure
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①你遇到的人会影响你的生活,你所经历的成功和失败会造就你。
The people you meet influence your life, and __________________________________
create who you are.
②他们的长期斗争以失败告终。
Their long struggle _______________.
the success and failure you experience
ended in failure
7.What引导主语从句
(教材原句)What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
奇怪的是,在房子和树木之上,我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
【句型解构】
What在句中引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语。
what引导的名词性从句相当于名词的作用,可作主语、宾语、表语,且what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①______ he has told us is of great importance.
②The manager told us that he wanted to take back ______ he had said.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他已经得到了他想要的东西。
He has got ______________.
②这个职务是我一直希望得到的。
This position is _________________________.
What
what
what he wants
what I have always wanted
词汇对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子),
Eva ________(figure) she would be left in the dust.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)At the end of the thirty days, you will then add
back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will
provide ________(mass) benefits to the things you value.
3.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解B)However, when a cat is looking for _________(affect),
they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.
figured
massive
affection
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book
on the subject, this is it.
翻译:___________________________________________________________________
2.(2023·国乙卷·阅读理解 B)After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over
a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.
翻译:________________________________________________________________
________________________
人工智能会影响我们所有人,如果你只读过一本关于这个主题的书,这就是它。
在我们发现了一条悬挂在一堆岩石上的看起来很疯狂的道路后,我们决定
在日落时拍摄这个场景。
语法知识·精讲点拨
名词性从句(Noun Clauses)
教材自主探究
分析以下课文句子并思考黑体部分的功能
1.Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon.
2.His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
3.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
4.In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him.
5.What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
6.His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
探究:
1.黑体部分为主语从句的是:第_______句
2.黑体部分为宾语从句的是:第_________句
3.黑体部分为表语从句的是:第_________句
4.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句均为________性从句
3、 5
1、2、4
3、5、6
名词
语法精要点拨
一、概念
所谓名词性从句,就是把完整句子当作名词来使用,使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来说,名词在句中主要充当4种成分:主语、宾语、表语和同位语,从句在什么位置就是什么从句。常见的名词性从句有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。相当于名词作用的句子有3类:陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。因此,名词性从句可简单概括为用3种句子分别充当另外一个句子的4种句子成分。
名词性从句 的引导词 对应的句子 类型 是否作成分
连词that 陈述句 that在从句中不作成分
连词whether/if 一般疑问句 whether和if在从句中不作成分
连接代词who、 whom、 what、 which、 whose 连接副词when、 where、 why、 how 特殊疑问句 who和what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which在从句中作主语、表语或定语;whose在从句中作定语。连接副词在从句中作状语
二、用法
(一)主语从句
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词汇意义,但一般不可省。
*That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard in a long time.
你将来伦敦是很久以来我听到的最好消息。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省。常见句式主要有以下几种:
①It+be+形容词(necessary、 right、 likely、 unlikely、 wrong、 important、 certain、 clear、 obvious、 strange、 normal等)+that从句
*(2022·浙江1月高考)It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.
奇怪的是,没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史放在一起。
②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity、 a shame、 good news、 a fact、 an honour、 a wonder、 no wonder等)+that从句
*It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
③It+be+过去分词(said、 told、 heard、 reported、 decided、 suggested、 advised、 ordered、 remembered、 thought、 considered、 well-known、 announced等)+that从句
*(2023·国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
最近有报道称,坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降,大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种式改变或改进他们的烹饪式。
【名师点津】
　　在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
*It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.
建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
It+特殊动词或短语(seem、 appear、 happen、 matter、 turn out、 occur to、 make no difference等)+that从句
*It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独处。
2.whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句在主句谓语动作前,表示“是否”,只能用whether。若用it作形式主语,则whether与if可互换。
*Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
*It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3.wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who、 whom、 whose、 what、 whoever、 whomever、 whatever等)和连接副词(when、 where、 why、 how、 whenever、 wherever、 however等)。
*Whoever gets there first will get the prize.
第一位到达那里的人将获奖。
*It makes no difference to me where we shall spend our holiday, for what I need is only relaxation.
我们到哪里度假对我来说无关紧要,因为我所需要的只是放松。
*What she offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
她展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)______ she announced was totally beyond my expectation.
(2)______ will go there is not decided.
(3)It is only natural _____ you want to be independent.
(4)_______ we will start is not decided.
(5)____________________ was that it was the first time he had ever seen a movie.
让他们感到惊讶的是,那是他第一次看电影。
What
Who
that
When
What surprised them
(二)宾语从句
1.that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不作成分,口语中一般可以省,但下列情况下不能省:
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
*I don’t know exactly where he lives, except that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.
他住在哪里我不是很清楚,只知道是边远地区的某个地。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省,从第二个从句开始that不可省。
*He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
(3)宾语从句前有插入语时。
*We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里。
(4)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find、 think、 consider、 believe、 guess、 suppose、 make等。
*He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②hate、 like、 dislike、 appreciate、 enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to、 depend on、 rely on等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
*I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
2.whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if:
(1)宾语从句中有or not时,只能用whether。
*I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
=I don’t know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是不是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether,whether可与不定式连用。
*I was worried about whether it would put her too much trouble.
我担心这会不会给她带来太多的麻烦。
*They don’t know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义,且不可省。
*Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果想成功,就要相信我们所做的事以及我们是谁。
*This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner.
今年,很难说是我的奖品还是我14岁的弟弟Jason挑选的奖品胜出。
【知识延伸】 宾语从句中的否定转移
在think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,通常要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。存在否定转移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时应注意的问题:
①若主句的主语是第一人称,反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;
②若主句的主语不是第一人称,反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
*I don’t think he can remember the 100 words within two hours, can he
我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词,是吗
*You don’t think he passed the exam, do you 你认为他没有通过考试,是吗
【即学活用】 单句语法填空
(1)When I had a son, I was always worried that my absence might have an impact
on his future life and _____ I might miss all his milestones since I travelled a lot.
(2)(2022·国甲卷)We can’t seem to make up our minds _________ we want a
modern city or a traditional one.
(3)I have no idea _______ he comes from.
(4)She looked at me with tears and told her parents about _____ I jumped into the
water to save her.
(5)Choosing a right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
that
whether
where
how
what
(三)表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后,引导词有三类:从属连词只起连接作用,其中if不能引导表语从句,that一般不能省;连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。
*My suggestion is that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most.
我的建议是学生在学习英语时应该尝试多种法,这样他们才能找到最适合自己的法。
*The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
【名师点津】
(1)as if/though引导的表语从句,有时可用虚拟语气。
*The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市,好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子被扔到它的上面。
(2)because, why引导的表语从句。
*He failed.That is because he didn’t work hard.
他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。
【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)All she had seen was ______ she wanted.
(2)The truth is _____ I don’t get on well with my flatmate.
(3)John,go and get your backpack.It is just _______ you left it.
(4)I am very tired now._______________ I have been working for four hours.
我现在很累,那是因为我已经工作四个小时了。
(5)I am not ________________ ten years ago.
我已经不是十年前的我了。
(6)____________ it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
what
that
where
That is because
what I used to be
It looks as if
(四)同位语从句
1.同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news、fact、idea、desire、suggestion、promise、information等)的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that、 whether、 why、 who、 where、 how、 when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作成分,that无词义,whether表示“是否”;if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省。
*The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的报道是假的。
2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句都可以用来修饰名词,但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等,先行词在从句中充当某一成分;而同位语从句则表示名词所表示的具体内容。
*The news that our team won the game excited us all.(同位语从句)
我们团队赢得比赛的消息使我们大家都很兴奋。
*The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.(定语从句)
今天早上广播的那条新闻根本不是真的。
【名师点津】
　　凡是同位语从句,都可改为The fact/news/idea/truth/order/hope/suggestion
/thought is/was that...形式,定语从句则不可。
【即学活用】单句语法填空
(1)I have no idea _______ dictionary of the three belongs to her.
(2)He expressed his hope _____ he would come to Chengdu again.
(3)When she heard the news _____ Robbie was going to teach her to swim, Nicole
was overjoyed.
(4)The question _________ we will take further action has not been discussed.
(5)We should make people face the fact _____ a lot of people die from smoking
every year.
which
that
that
whether
that
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·七选五)Before choosing to study online, consider _________
you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考·语法填空)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger
quantities, that’s ______ they’ll promote.
whether
what
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)She decided that she would memorize _______ her
classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist.
4.(2023·国甲卷·七选五)However, research suggests _____ if we practiced patience,
we’d be a whole lot better off.
5.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷· 语法填空)Behind it, the person is trying to figure out _____
exactly I teach...the animals
where
that
who
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2024·九省联考· 阅读理解D)In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that
they like other children is markedly different from _____________________
_______________________.
此外,蹒跚学步的孩子展示他们喜欢其他孩子的式,这些明显不同于成年人所
认为的友谊的表达。
2.(2023·国甲卷·书面表达)One of his achievements was _____________________
________________________, which he proved was the source of the Yangtze River.
他的成就之一是发现了金沙江的源头,他证明了金沙江是长江的源头。
what adults think of as
expressions of friendship
that he discovered the
source of the Jinsha River
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)The second part of this book takes a closer look at
some ideas ___________________________________________________________.
这本书的第二部分将仔细审视一些观点,将帮助你培养一种可持续的数字极简主
义生活式。
4.(2023·国乙卷·阅读理解C)It seems that TV programmes have helped change
_____________________________.
电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
5.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解A)Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating
_________________________________through “Tom Sawyer”.
儿童剧院有一个学习指南,展示了如何通过“汤姆·索亚”来教授数学和科学。
that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle
what people think about cooking
how math and science can be taughtPart 3　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.with brightly painted masks 戴着色彩鲜艳的面具
2.the backstage atmosphere 后台气氛
3.with a broad smile 面带灿烂的微笑
4.his skills on the piano 他的钢琴技巧
5.his struggles with deafness 他与耳聋的斗争
6.proceed with the composition 继续作曲
7.his Symphony No.9 in D minor
他的《D小调第九交响曲》
8.madly turning the pages of his score
疯狂地翻动着他的乐谱
9.joyous note signalled the end of the symphony
欢乐的音符预示着交响乐的结束
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1.male adj. 男(性)的→female adj. 女(性)的
2.emotion n. 情感→emotional adj. 情感上的,情绪上的→emotionally adv. 情感上;情绪上
3.perform vi. & vt. 表演;演出→performance n.表演;演出→performer n.表演者
4.minor adj. (音乐)小调的;小的;不很重要的→minority n. 少数民族
5.joy n.高兴;乐趣→joyous adj. 欢乐的,令人愉快的→joyful adj. 高兴的,令人愉快的
6.compose vt.作(曲);构成;写作→composer n. 作曲家→composition n.作文,作曲
7.respond vi. & vt. 回应,回复→response n.回应;回复
8.conduct v. 实施;指挥;带领 n. 行为,举止→conductor n. 指挥
9.hesitate vi. 犹豫;踌躇→hesitation n.犹豫;踌躇
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1.face the challenge　　面对挑战
2.give up 放弃
3.add ...to... 把……添加到……
4.for the first time 第一次
5.after all 毕竟;终究
6.even if 即使;虽然
7.not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫做某事,尽管做某事
8.broad smile 满面的笑容
9.refer to 提到
10.be regarded as 被认为是;被当作是
11.in the end 最后
12.proceed with 继续进行;重新开始
13.take charge of 负责
14.in the air 在空中;悬而未决;在流传中
15.jump to one’s feet 一跃而起;跳起来
16.as well 同样;也
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.Inspired by his struggles with deafness,the composer produced some amazing pieces,including nine symphonies,five piano pieces,and an opera!(过去分词短语作状语)
受与失聪作斗争的启发,这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品,包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧!
2.Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score. (动词-ing形式短语作主语)
写这首曲子花了好几年的时间,现在乐谱中最后的音符终于写完。
3.But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score. (独立主格结构)
但贝多芬的头还埋在乐谱里继续指挥。
4.It was not until Caroline Unger,one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success. (It is not until... that...直到……才……)
直到其中一个歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
5.I wish I knew more about them. (wish引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气)
我希望多了解它们一些。
文本阅读·语篇研析
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) General (1)introduction of Beethoven
Part 2(Para.2) The (2)composing of Symphony No.9
Part 3 (Paras.3—6) The (3)performance of Symphony No.9
2.What’s the main idea of the text
A.A musical genius.
B.Achievements of Beethoven.
C.Beethoven and his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
D.Beethoven’s Symphony No.9 in D minor.
答案:C
【阅读策点拨】
利用图形组织者理解文章的篇章结构
图形组织者是在文本中组织和说明信息的一种图像式。 这些包括流图、表格和图表。
·确定文本的类型(例如:叙述、论证、描述或说明)。
·分析写作技巧。文章是否包括按顺序排列、事实和观点、因果关系等 它有做比较和对比吗
·确定哪种类型的图形组织者能以最有效的式说明文本。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What is Beethoven famous for
A.Composing music.
B.Conducting orchestras.
C.His deafness.
D.His piano performances.
答案:D
2.How many pieces of music works did Beethoven write
More than 130.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.How did Beethoven feel when he completed the ninth symphony
A.Happy.　　　　　 B.Cautious.
C.Serious. D.Bored.
答案:A
2.What big challenge did Beethoven face
He became deaf.
Ⅲ.Read Paras.3—6 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.How did the audience feel at the end of the symphony
Excited.
2.Who was the only person in the room that didn’t hear the symphony
Beethoven.
3.What’s the best title of the passage
A.Beethoven, the world’s best composer
B.Beethoven, a very strange composer
C.Beethoven, a struggling composer
D.Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer
答案:A
Task 3语篇总结·主题深化
　　Beethoven 1.was born(bear) in Germany.He is regarded 2.as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. Unfortunately,he 3.lost(lose) his hearing in his twenties.He didn’t give up,and he continued to write music until his death in 1827.Beethoven produced some amazing pieces,including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
One day in February 1824, Beethoven’s ninth symphony was 4.finally(final) completed. Before the performance,Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be 5.a disaster.After all,he could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius.
The audience did not hesitate 6.to clap(clap) and cheer loudly as Beethoven walked out onto the stage. For more than an hour,Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, 7.waving(wave) his arms wildly in the air,and madly turning the pages of his score.
As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony,the audience jumped to their 8.feet(foot),clapping,cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven continued conducting,his head buried in the score. It was not until one of the singers took his arm and turned him to face the audience 9.that Beethoven realised his symphony was a success. The audience was 10.shocked(shock),most of whom had no idea that Beethoven was deaf!
Task 4长句难句·释疑解难
1.As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
[句式分析]本句中As引导时间状语从句,意为“一边……一边……”;how引导宾语从句;when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
[自主翻译]贝多芬自豪地在页面底部署下名字,同时努力想象人们第一次听到它时会有什么反应。
2.After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius
[句式分析]本句中what引导主语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词conductor;even if引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。
[自主翻译]毕竟,一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥,即使他是音乐天才,能有什么用呢
3.Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission, while others see this as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
[句式分析]本句整体为while连接的表示对比关系的并列句。其中第一个分句中 it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission为省that的宾语从句,含有if引导的条件状语从句。
[自主翻译]一些人认为未经业主许可就这样做是一种犯罪,而另一些人则认为这是一种非传统文化表达的丰富形式。
Task 阅读升华·拓展思维
1.When was Symphony No.9 in D minor completed What was Beethoven thinking when he finished the symphony
One day in February 1824,the famous German composer’s ninth symphony was finally completed.Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
2.How do you think Beethoven felt while he was conducting the orchestra
Personally, Beethoven was very excited when conducting the ninth symphony.
核心考点·探究内化
1.refer to指的是;参考,查阅;涉及,提到;提交
(读后续写之心理描写)It suddenly dawned on me that it referred to “Entrance”.
我突然明白了,它指的是“入口”。
【精要必记】
(1)refer to...as...　　　把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
(2)reference n. 提及;参考;查阅
in/with reference to 关于
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Johnson referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science yesterday.
②You may refer the matter to him if necessary.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
由于不知道他的电话号码,我只好查电话簿。
Not knowing his telephone number, I had to refer to the phone book.
2.struggle n.斗争 vi.奋斗,拼搏
The country won its own independence after many years’ struggle.这个国家经过多年的斗争赢得了独立。
【精要必记】
struggle for　　　　　为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某物作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
知识宽一度 小语段牢记“struggle”短语
Unluckily,the farmers have suffered a heavy drought this year.They have to struggle for a living.They are struggling with the bad weather for a better harvest.Anyway,they are struggling to increase their income.However,the financial crisis adds to their difficulties.As a result,they have to face the struggle for existence.
不幸的是,今年农民已经遭受了严重的干旱。他们为了生活不得不奋斗。他们为了有更好的收成一直在跟糟糕的天气抗争着。不管怎样,他们都在努力增加收入。然而,金融危机增加了他们的困难。结果,他们不得不面临生存的抗争。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①My efforts and struggles(struggle) have paid off.
②My mother struggled to bring(bring) up my family on a very low income when I was in senior high school.
③Having struggled with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is.
④His inspiring story encourages a mass of poor people to struggle for freedom.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①海伦·凯勒又聋又瞎,但是她从未放弃,努力过着积极的生活。
Helen Keller became deaf and blind, but she never gave up and struggled to lead/live an active life.
②Although seriously injured, he managed to rise to his feet and moved slowly ahead.
→Although seriously injured, he managed to struggle to his feet and moved slowly ahead.
3.respond vi.&vt.回应,回复
(应用文之建议信)Getting enough sleep is always going to be an important part of how you respond to your situation.
有充足的睡眠总是你如何应对你的情况的一个重要组成部分。
【精要必记】
(1)respond to　　　回答……,对……作出反应
(2)response n.回答;反应;响应
make a/no response to... 对……给予/没有回答
in response (to) 作为(对……的)回应
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The product was developed in response to customers’ demand.
②The team now wants to find out whether dogs have a similar emotional response(respond) when reunited with other dogs.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他对我的建议未作出回应,这让我感到很伤心。
→He made no response to my suggestion, which made me very sad.
→He didn’t respond to my suggestion, which made me very sad.
4.hesitate vi.犹豫;踌躇
(应用文之推荐信)If you want more information, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
如果您想了解更多信息,请毫不犹豫与我联系。
【精要必记】
(1)hesitate to do sth.　　不愿/犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over sth. 对某事迟疑不决
(2)hesitation n.犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I will not hesitate to take(take) unpopular decisions.
②I hesitate about/over taking his side until I know the whole story.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
她说得很对,很有信心,毫不犹豫。
She spoke it correctly with confidence and without hesitation.
5.charge n.[U]主管,负责;[C, U]指控,控告;[U,C]费用,要价 v.收费,要价;控告;指控;充电;猛冲
(应用文之告知信)Students from all over China can now visit it in groups free of charge every Tuesday.
来自中国各地的学生现在可以每周二免费组团参观。
图解助记
知识宽一度
charge sb. with sth.意思同accuse sb. of sth.,表示“控告某人犯某罪”,但搭配不同。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I wonder how much you will charge us for the six-week course.
②He was also charged with lying to federal(联邦的) officers.
③You can get the book free of charge according to the rule.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/同义句替换
①负责该公司的经理由于向充电的顾客收费1 000美元而被控告。
The manager in charge of the company was charged with charging the customer 1,000 dollars for charging the battery.
②It was said that a newly-elected manager took charge of the sales department.
→It was said that the sales department was in the charge of a newly-elected manager.
6.compose vt. 作(曲);构成;写作
(读后续写之动作描写)He kept practicing, performing with others and composing his own songs.
他坚持练习,和别人一起表演,并创作自己的歌曲。
【精要必记】
(1)be composed of=be made up of=consist of由……组成
(2)composer n.作曲家;作家,著作家
(3)composition n.(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)　　　　　　　　　　　作品;作文
【知识深一度】
consist of易错提醒
　　consist of不用于进行时态,也不用于被动语态。consist of可以与be made up of/be composed of互换。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She read my composition (compose) aloud in front of the whole class and spoke highly of me, which inspired me greatly.
②He is a famous composer (compose)of pop music and has composed (compose)more than 200 pieces of music since 1999.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
地球由七大洲和四大洋组成。
→The Earth consists of seven continents and four oceans.
→The Earth is made up of(=is composed of) seven continents and four oceans.
7.强调句
(教材原句)It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一个歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟大的音乐家才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
句型解构
　　本句使用了强调句型,其结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。
(1)强调句式的构成:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。当被强调的部分为主语时,句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who...
(4)对“not...until...”进行强调时,应使用句型“It is/was not until...that...”。当not until 置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
注意:(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等,不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did+动词原形”。
(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置,句子完整,则为强调句。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①(2022·国甲卷)But it is the harbor that makes the city.
②My voice was so little and the shop owner had to bend down to hear what it was that I wanted to buy.
③It was because it snowed heavily that I stayed at home.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句式升级
①只有当你能从过去中摆脱出来时,一个新的世界才会向你敞开。
It is only when you can break free from the past that a whole new world can open up to you.
②直到去年我们去海牙旅行,这个梦想才成真!
It wasn’t until we went on a trip to the Hague last year that this dream came true!
③他是什么时候决定修这门课的
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course
④As far as I’m concerned, the concern from the teachers and classmates has changed him entirely.(用“强调句”升级)
→As far as I’m concerned, it’s the concern from the teachers and classmates that has changed him entirely.
【要点拾遗】
1.master vt.掌握,精通 n.大师;主人
They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples to others.
他们这些运动员肯定是体育面的高手,而且也为其他人树立了好榜样。
【精要必记】
a master of　　　　能手;擅长……者
a master’s degree 硕士学位
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①It was difficult at first, but later, he mastered(master) it and stood proudly beside his creation.
②Using oil, Rembrandt gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
他是一个严肃而聪明,拥有牛津大学的硕士学位的人。
He is a serious and intelligent man with a master’s degree from Oxford University.
2.emotion n.情感
(应用文之发言稿)Many stresses and negative emotions can be swept away by doing exercise.
许多压力和负面情绪都可以通过锻炼消除。
(读后续写之动作描写)He stated emotionally that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my father had shown to him in the past. 他动情地说,现在轮到他报答我父亲过去对他的恩情了。
【精要必记】
(1)in good/bad emotion好/坏心情
(2)emotional adj. 情感的,情绪的;情绪激动的
(3)emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She offered him emotional(emotion) and practical support in many ways.
②I am willing to share my clothes on your app as it feels like I am emotionally(emotional) connecting someone in my clothes.
③(读后续写之心理描写)Awful emotions(emotion) washed over me—shock, horror, anger, powerlessness, guilt—a potential life sentence of guilt.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
当你有好的情绪时,你可以很容易地处理问题。
You can deal with problems easily when you are in good emotion.
3.otherwise adv.否则,要不然;在其他面,除此之外
(应用文之倡议书)We need to set a goal for ourselves and strive for it. Otherwise, we will have no motivation to get our goal achieved.
我们需要为自己设定一个目标并为之奋斗。否则,我们将会没有动力去实现目标。
(读后续写之人物描写)Buzzman was cold and hungry, but otherwise OK.
巴兹曼又冷又饿,但其他面还好。
【精要必记】
“祈使句+otherwise/or/or else+陈述句”结构,常用于从反面来预测结果。
【活用·练透】 写出下列句中otherwise的汉语意思
①Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 要不然
②He was slightly bruised but otherwise unhurt. 除此之外
③The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 在其他面
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
做作业时我想一个人待着,否则我就不能集中精力做我正在做的事情。
I’d like to be left alone when doing homework, otherwise I won’t concentrate on what I’m doing.
4.aspect n.面
(应用文之建议信)I think if you can do these aspects for a long time, you will be slim and energetic.
我想如果你能长期做到这些面,你会变得苗条而充满活力。
【精要必记】
aspect of……的面
from many aspects 从很多角度/面
in the aspect of=in terms of 在……面
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’ll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film-making you might be unfamiliar with.
②The new policy will differ from the previous approach in several key aspects(aspect).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
中国商人对细节很挑剔,尤其是质量面。
Chinese businessmen are particular about the details, especially in the aspect of quality.
5.minor adj.(音乐)小调的;小的;不很重要的
(读后续写之主旨升华)It’s the minor deeds we do today that have a deep impact on this planet. 正是我们今天做的小事对这个星球产生了深远的影响。
【精要必记】
(1)minority 　　 n.少数
in a/the minority 占少数
a/the minority of ……的少数
(2)major adj.主要的;重要的;主修的
n.主修科目 vi.主修
major in... 主修……
(3)majority n.大半,大多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
【知识深一度】
“a/the minority of+名词”作主语时,其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the minority作主语时,谓语动词既可以用复数,也可以用单数。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If they find themselves in the minority, they will behave very differently.
②Only a minority(minor) of young people play classical instruments.
③The majority is unwilling to listen to the views of the minority.
④The majority of astronauts from America have been(be) men in the last few years.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他激励我在大学主修英语,成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。
He inspires me to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.
②澳大利亚的白人占多数,而土著人占少数。
The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.
6.tense adj.紧张的;焦虑不安的
(应用文之活动报道)Finally, the game ended in a tense atmosphere.
最后,比赛在紧张的气氛中结束了。
【精要必记】
(1)be/get tensed up 　　变得神经紧张
(2)tensely adv.紧张地;拉紧地
(3)tension n.紧张,压力
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He is suffering from tension(tense) and doesn’t know how to deal with it.
②Two girls, perhaps four and five years old, watched their mother tensely(tense).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
乘客们听到船被抢劫,紧张起来。
The passengers were/got tensed up when they heard the ship was robbed.
7.wish引导虚拟语气
(教材原句)I wish I knew more about them.
我希望多了解它们一些。
句型解构
　　本句中wish后接宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,表示“未实现或不太可能实现的愿望”。wish后的宾语从句中的谓语形式如下:
(1)did/were表示与现在事实相反的愿望;
(2)had done/been表示与过去事实相反的愿望;
(3)would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I wish she would try(try) again.
②I wish you had come (come) to my birthday party yesterday.
③I wish I were(be)not so busy.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
我站在那里,默默地流着悔恨的泪水,我希望我没对爸爸说如此刻薄的话。
I stood there, shedding tears of regret in silence and I wished that I hadn’t said such sharp words to my father.
词汇对接高考
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)This mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
翻译:这种不匹配是为什么我们很多人要努力抵制那些我们知道我们不应该吃的诱人食物的核心。
2.(2024·新高考I卷·完形填空)First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.
翻译:首先,有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我,她正在为“超级”马拉松训练,指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。
3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
翻译:莱文和他的研究团队挑选了年龄在45岁到64岁之间的志愿者,他们不怎么锻炼,但在其他面都很健康。
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写)He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
翻译:他犹豫了一下,然后说他已经决定不跑了。
语法知识·精讲点拨
同根词变形(The same root is deformed)
教材自主探究
观察以下单词并思考黑体部分的构词功能
1.musical　　　2.composer　　　3.hearing
4.deafness 5.amazing 6.composition
7.proudly 8.performance 9.conductor
探究:
1.名词music后+al构成形容词;
2.动词compose后+r构成名词;
3.动词hear后+ing构成名词;
4.形容词deaf后+ness构成名词;
5.动词amaze去e+ing构成形容词;
6.动词compose去e+ition构成名词;
7.形容词proud后+ly构成副词;
8.动词perform后+ance构成名词;
9.动词conduct后+or构成名词。
语法精要点拨
同根词变形是指在同一语种中词根相同、意义相似的词。其变化规律常见的形式有以下几种:
1.名词后+ful 构成形容词,如care—careful、use—useful;
2.形容词后+ly 构成副词,如careful—carefully、quick—quickly;
3.名词后+ous 构成形容词,如danger—dangerous、poison—poisonous;
4.表示天气的名词后+y 构成形容词,如sun—sunny、rain—rainy;
5.部分t结尾的形容词,变t 为ce 构成名词,如different—difference、important—importance;
6.部分y结尾的形容词,变y为i+ness 构成名词,如happy—happiness、busy—business。
　　英语中,如果记单词时可以恰当地运用同根词法,可能会事半功倍。以下列举了部分常见的同根词。
词根 例词
able ability
act actor,actress,action,activity
appear appearance, disappear
attract attraction, attractive
danger dangerous
die dying, dead, death
即学活用 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2022·浙江1月高考)Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity(curious) to a basic necessity.
2.I have been dreaming of being a pianist(piano)since my childhood.
3.Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive(attract)as a tree, was very good at basketball.
4.(2021·浙江1月高考)Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity(active)they need to avoid being overweight.
5.(2023·国甲卷)For those extremely (extreme) hungry, there’s a large set menu.
6.(2024·国甲卷)He suggested I think about the difference(different) between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters.
7.The man in the studio was very patient with us and gave us a lot of useful(use)tips.
8.Waving the note in the air, he shouted happily(happy), “Enough money for my bike!”
9.He never gives up, no matter how dangerous(danger) the situation seems to be.
10.The thought of tasty(taste) fruits and fresh vegetables makes my mouth water.
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解B)My mobile phone was inside, but luckily(lucky) there was a telephone box across the street.
2.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C)One doubter about the safety(safe) of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)A similar process is at work in our response(respond) to information.
4.(2023·国甲卷·完形填空)And the wine was cloudy(cloud), in a funny old bottle with no label(标签)on it.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解A)It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.
它似乎有无数的餐饮选择。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A)You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
你也可以沿着阿姆斯特丹郊外美丽的风景骑行。
3.(2024·浙江1月高考·七选五)In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.
在过去的几年里,在线学习已经成为大学及其经验的重要组成部分。
4.(2024·九省联考·阅读理解A)The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art.
展览中的海报既有广告也有艺术的目的。
课时巩固训练,请使用　“课时过性评价 三”

展开更多......

收起↑