资源简介

(共16张PPT)
情境活动·听说演练
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 9　Learning
Part 1　Topic Talk
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.your learning __________ to English 你学习英语的法
2._____ _____ ___ musical activities 参加音乐活动
3.work with a ________ 与搭档一起工作
4.establish a good ___________ for the next year 为来年打下良好的基础
5.a ________ of learning 学习的过
6.______ for an English exam 为英语考试复习
7._______ ____ ____ some language points 温习一些语言要点
8.surprise us with your amazing _________ 用你惊人的记忆力给我们惊喜
9._______ to study alone in a quiet place 更喜欢一个人在安静的地学习
10.____________ and keep the details straight in my head
集中精力,把细节直接记在我的脑海里
approach
take
part
in
partner
foundation
process
revise
brush
up
on
memory
prefer
concentrate
Ⅱ.根据情境和提示完成对话
W: Hi Simon.I hope you like our school!
M: Yes, I do! Los Angeles is great.I’ve made lots of friends and 1.________________
________(我非常喜欢我的课).
W: Good! Me too! By the way, you didn’t tell me 2._________________________(你
在这里学什么).
M: Didn’t I I’m doing business studies.
W: Really That’s great.Are you working in a company after graduation
M: Maybe.I was born in Canada.My parents are in Toronto and I hope to 3.__________
_____________ (在一家公司找一份工作)there.
I really enjoy my
courses
what you are studying here
find a job
in a company
W: What about your friend Zoe
M: She’s from Sydney, Australia.Her father runs a hotel there and 4.______________
_________________(她正在学习酒店管理).
W: Wow, both of you have your plans.
M: Yes, we do.What about you, Lucy
W: Well, I’m studying law.
M: Great! So I know who to call if I need a lawyer in the future.
W: Sure.5._______________________(要开始上课了).Let’s go.
she is studying
hotel management
Classes are going to start
核心考点·探究内化
1.approach vt.接近n.接近;通路;法
(教材原句)What is your learning approach to it
对于它你的学习法是什么
(读后续写之动作描写)We heard the sound of a car approaching.
我们听见一辆汽车驶近的声音。
【精要必记】
with the approach of...　　 随着……的临近
an approach to... ……的法
知识宽一度
　　approach作名词时,后面常跟介词to表示“……的法”,而way, method, means表示“法”时后常跟介词of。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I want to discuss with you a new approach ___ the experiment.
②We will be exploring different approaches to __________ (gather) information about
the research.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)马上要到他表演了,他感到心怦怦直跳。
____________________ his turn to perform, he felt his heart pounding heavily.
to
gathering
With the approach of
2.prefer vt.更喜欢;宁愿
(应用文之学校生活)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.在下个月的欢迎仪式上,我更喜欢穿校服而不是中国传统服饰。
【精要必记】
(1)prefer (doing/to do) sth.　 更喜欢(做)某事
prefer (doing)sth. to (doing)sth.... 喜欢(做)某事胜过(做)某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer that... 但愿……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)preference n. 喜好;偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱/更喜欢……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①To be honest, I prefer reading books ___ watching TV when I am free.
②I prefer ________ (wear) clothes made of natural fibers.
③Some of us __________ (prefer) to take a bus while others were fond of walking.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
(应用文之观点表达) 就个人而言,我更喜欢在国内学习而不是到国外留学。
→Personally speaking, I _____________________ rather than _____________.
→Personally speaking, I ______________________ to _______________.
to
to wear
preferred
prefer to study at home
study abroad
prefer studying at home
studying abroad
3.concentrate v.集中(思想、注意力等)
(应用文之求助信)I am writing to ask you for help because I find it quite hard to concentrate on my study.我写信是为了寻求你的帮助,因为我发现很难集中精力学习。
(应用文之倡议书)Now, there is an urgent need for greater concentration on environmental protection.现在,迫切需要更加注重环境保护。
【精要必记】
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 集中精力在(做)某事上
concentrate one’s attention/energy/...on/upon (doing)...
集中某人的注意力/精力/……在(做)……上
(2)concentration n.专心,集中
(3)concentrated adj.集中的,神贯注的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
He was extremely calm and _____________ (concentrate) in judging how to defeat his
opponent.
concentrated
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
课堂上学生们将注意力集中在老师的讲解上。
→________________________________________________________________
______(concentrate)
→_________________________________________________________________
______(fix/focus)
→___________________________________________________________(put one’s
heart into)
The students concentrated their attention on the teacher’s explanations in
class.
The students fixed/focused their attention on the teacher’s explanations in
class.
The students put their heart into the teacher’s explanations in class.Unit 9　Learning
主题语境:人与社会之学习
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
【单元名句赏析】
1.If you don’t want to waste your life in the world, you have to study all your life.
—Golgi
如果不想在世界上虚度一生,那就要学习一辈子。
——高尔基
2.To live is to learn; to learn is not to live.
—Bacon
活着就要学习;学习不是为了活着。
——培根
3.Successful teaching is not compulsory, but the desire to stimulate students.
—Tolstoy
成功的教学所需要的不是强制,而是激发学生的欲望。
——托尔斯泰
【主题语段赏记】
1.As Bacon said,“knowledge is power”, students should expose themselves to all kinds of learning resources and acquire as much knowledge as possible.
2.To get good grades, you are supposed to spare time to brush up on what you have learned periodically and take effective strategies to improve your learning efficiency.
3.To learn English well, it is advisable to memorise as many new words as you can and read simplified English short novels and stories.Unit 9　Learning
读后续写高分进阶
深挖教材·素材积累
教材美句背诵
1.If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.(P53)
如果你一直过于关注它,就可能错过重要信息。
2.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(P53)
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
3.That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.(P62)也就是说,我们大多数人在试图记住事物时都必须付出努力。
4.What’s more, it is amazing to know how a person’s memory changes with age.(P62)
更重要的是,知道一个人的记忆力是如何随着年龄的增长而变化的,真是令人惊讶。
5.Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it.(P62)了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅要了解有关它的事实,还要了解提高它的法。
6.In addition, it is important for me to make plans for the work I need to do.(P62)此外,对我来说,为我需要做的工作制订计划是很重要的。
教材佳句品鉴
一、品衔接之顺
Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.But this isn’t always true.
品鉴:But是并列连词,连接两个句子。上句说很多人认为人类大脑是“自动运行的”,那意味着大脑能自动学习。下句说并非总是如此,上下句之间是转折关系。
仿写提升 完成句子
她认为这次考试不及格。但事实上她考得很好。
She thought she failed the exam this time.But in fact, she did very well.
二、品句式之美
Yet,there are some people who do have amazing memories.
品鉴:句中“do have”是强调谓语动词的表达式,表示有些人确实有惊人的记忆。英语中要强调谓语动词,可以根据时态和人称的具体情况,在动词前加do, does或did。
仿写提升 完成句子
我真的相信你能在英语上取得更大进步。
I do believe you can make greater progress in English.
三、品描写之韵
I’m sure these methods will help me improve my learning.(心理描写)
品鉴:I’m sure...常用来表示说话人对某种情况的把握度或自信心,此处表明,作者相信这些法或打算会帮助他/她提高自己的学习。
仿写提升 完成句子
我相信,只要力以赴,永不放弃,我的梦想一定会实现。
I am sure as long as I go all out and never give up, my dream will surely come true.
续写进阶·技能点拨
环境描写——花果树木
一、主题词汇
flower 花　bud苞,花蕾　lily 百合花　blossom花朵,花簇　 sunflower向日葵　 rose 玫瑰　grassland 草原/草地　 weed 杂草　apple苹果　 orange 橘子　peach 桃子　banana 香蕉　lemon 柠檬　pineapple 凤梨,菠萝 tree树　forest 森林　wilderness 野地　willow 柳树　 treetop 树梢　 leaf 叶子　fragrance芬芳 rare 稀少的　ripe成熟的　bright 艳丽的 withered 枯萎的;凋谢的　beautiful美丽的 faded枯萎的　towering高耸的　delicate娇嫩的　charming迷人的;吸引人的　mouth-watering 垂涎欲滴的　flourishing茂盛的　colorful多彩的
二、主题词块
1.a grassy bank　　　　　 草坡
2.cut the grass 割草
3.a lawn with overgrown grass
杂草丛生的草地
4.a bunch of flowers 一束花
5.in flower/blossom 开花
6.be surrounded by trees 树木环绕
7.the knotty roots of the old oak tree
盘根错节的老橡树根
8.fallen /dead leaves 落/枯叶
9.come into leaf 吐芽长叶
10.in bud 在发芽
11.die/wither away 枯萎
三、主题句式
1.The trees turn green and all the flowers are in bud.树木变绿,花朵含苞待放。
2.Flowers of all sorts are blooming in a riot of colour.
百花盛开,万紫千红。
3.The green grass withers and yellows.
绿草干枯发黄。
4.A shower of leaves fell towards the ground.
落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。
5.The garden blazed with colour.
花园里姹紫嫣红。
6.The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
风把落叶从地上吹得飘了起来。
7.The maple that stands across the drive had just come into leaf.
车道对面那棵枫树刚吐新叶。
8.The tree stood out from the rest of the landscape, bathed in a bright magical light.
这棵树沐浴在一片明亮魔幻般的光芒中,从风景的其他部分中脱颖而出。
9.The tree stood ghost-like, the silent observer of the snow mountains, the river and the clouds.
那棵树像幽灵似的站着,静静地观察着雪山、河流和云朵。
10.We hurried on until we reached a courtyard overgrown with weeds.
我们匆匆赶路,来到一个野草丛生的院子。
11.I love the fall because the spring buds are transformed into rich autumn fruits.
我钟情于秋天,因为春天的花蕾已化作秋天丰硕的果实。
12.The following summer the peach tree was laden with fruit.
第二年夏天,桃树上结满了果实。
情境应用
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.The flowers in the park are in blossom(花开了), which attract a lot of visitors to appreciate them.
2.On Teachers’ Day, the whole class offered a bunch of flowers (一束花) to Professor Zhang.
3.The peach flowers are in bud (含苞待放), and there is the bright dew on them.
4.Seeing that the peach trees were laden with fruit(硕果累累), we felt a sense of satisfaction and pride.
5.The flowers in Isabel’s room had withered away/died away(枯萎了).
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.花开始绽放了。
The flowers are starting to blossom.
2.这座庭院杂草丛生。
The yard was overgrown with weeds.
3.我环视四周,却发现自己在绿树丛中。
I looked around and found myself surrounded by trees.
4.田野里百花盛开,万紫千红。
The flowers in the field are blooming in a riot of colour.
5.新栽的果树正在茁壮成长,其中一些已经吐芽。
The young fruit trees are growing well, some of which have come into leaf.
Ⅲ.片段续写
根据以上所讲内容,从“花果树木”中任选一个来描述,写一篇80词左右的短文。
The tree stood tall and straight from the grassland. Its pink blossom blew away with a large gust of wind like a graceful dancer.The new leaves sparkled with the morning dew.The treetops reached high above the ground, almost touching the sky.The thin branches were swaying easily, green leaves flapping around uncontrollably.A little bird was sitting on one of the highest branches, seemingly appreciating the blossoming flowers.The tree stood out from the rest of the landscape, bathed in a bright magical light. (共86张PPT)
必备知识·认知导学
文本阅读·语篇研析
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 9　Learning
Part 3　Lesson 2
& Lesson 3
语法知识·精讲点拨
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.learn words in chunks　　　根据______学习单词
2.an odd solution 一个________解决法
3.fly over it in a helicopter 乘坐________飞过它的上空
4.a famous forgetting curve 著名的遗忘______
5.brain cells 脑______
6.the most appropriate ________　最合适的策
7.his latest ______ 他的最新小说
8. _______the seventh group number 输入第七组数字
语块
奇特的
直升机
曲线
细胞
strategy
novel
input
9.knowledge of English ________the classroom 课堂以外的英语知识
10.learn words in ________ 根据上下文学习单词
11.a _______team 一个足球队
12.the nearest ________ 最近的地铁
13. ________ the rules 获取规则
14.a ___________ language 一门世界性的语言
15. ________ a poem in the magazine 在杂志上发表一首诗
16.an effective __________ to remember things 一种有效的记忆技巧
beyond
context
soccer
subway
acquire
worldwide
publish
technique
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1. _______ adj.经典的→_________adj. 经典的,传统的;(音乐)古典的
2.familiar adj. 熟悉的;常见的→___________adj.不熟悉的,不了解的→familiarize
v.使了解,使熟悉→familiarity n. 认识,通晓;熟悉
3. ______ n. 作用,影响;效果;生效→_________ adj.有效的;事实上的;(法律、规则
等)生效的→___________adv.有效地
4. ____________ vt. 推荐;建议→recommendation n. 正式建议;推荐,介绍
5. _________ adj.充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地;足够地
6.normal adj. 正常的,标准的→abnormal adj.反常的,不规则的;变态的→
_________ adv.通常,平常
classic
classical
unfamiliar
effect
effective
effectively
recommend
sufficient
normally
7.arrange v. 安排,筹备;整理→_____________n.计划;安排
8.______ n. 儿童,孩子→childish adj.孩子般的;幼稚的 →__________n.童年,儿童时代
9.emotion n. 情感,情绪;激情,强烈的感情→__________adj.情感上的;情绪上的→emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上
10.excite v.使兴奋,使激动→________adj. 激动的,兴奋的→_________adj. 令人兴奋
的,令人激动的→___________n.兴奋,激动
11.photograph n.照片,相片 v.拍照,照相→photography n. 摄影,摄影术
→_____________adj.详细准确的;照片的;摄影的→photographer n.拍照者,摄影师
arrangement
child
childhood
emotional
excited
exciting
excitement
photographic
12. ______n.(0~9的任何一个)数字 →_______adj. 数字的,数码的;数字显示的
→________vt.把……转变成数字形式,使……数字化
13. ______ adj.急剧的,猛烈的;尖的,锋利的→sharply adv. 急剧地;锐利地
→sharpen v. (使)锋利(尖锐,清晰)→sharpener n. 卷笔刀;磨具
14. _____ n. (以分钟、小时、天等计量的)时间→_______adj.适时的,及时的
15. _______ n. 一段时间,时期;(人生或国家历史的)阶段,时代→periodical adj. 定期
的→____________adv.定期地
16.memory n.记忆力;记忆→__________vt.记住;熟记→memorisation n.记忆
→memorable adj.显著的;值得纪念的
digit
digital
digitise
sharp
time
timely
period
periodically
memorise
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1. ________　　 打开
2. ________________ 首次;第一次
3. _______________ 再三地,反复地
4. ________________ 多年以后
5. __________ 变得更糟糕
6. ______ 直到;胜任;多达;取决于
7. ___________ 放轻松
turn on
for the first time
again and again
many years later
get worse
up to
take it easy
8. ________________ 充分利用
9.reach one’s full power ____________________
10.at that point __________________
11.be honoured to do sth. ______________
12.in one way or another __________
13.as a result __________
14.in terms of _____________________
make good use of
发挥某人最大的力量
在那时;在那个阶段
很荣幸做某事
不管怎样
作为结果
依据;按照;在……面
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1. ______________ when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong
feelings of fear or excitement.(because引导表语从句)
这是因为我们第一次经历事物时,常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
2. _________________________ with what we already know.(It is+adj.+to do sth.)
把新内容和我们已知的建立联系很重要。
This is because
It is important to connect it
3.Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or
information together _______________________________________________
_______________.(so that引导目的状语从句)
另一种有效的记忆法是把相似的想法或信息放在一起,这样它们就可以很容易
地与已知的东西联系起来。
4.In 1885,Hermann Ebbinghaus _____________________________and presented a
famous forgetting curve.(v.-ed形式作定语)
1885年,赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版了一本叫《关于记忆》的书,提出了著名的遗忘曲线。
so that they can be easily connected to things that are
already known
published a book called Memory
文本阅读·语篇研析
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Para.1: Why can I remember (1) _______ in my childhood but not what happened last
week
Para.2: Do some people really have a (2) _____________ memory
Para.3:Why do I (3)_______ the new words that I learnt yesterday
Para.4: I’m 16, but I sometimes forget things.Is my (4)_________ getting worse
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________
events
photographic
forget
memory
The passage is mainly about the answers to some of the most common questions
about memory.
【阅读策点拨】
如何整体理解课文
1.通过理解文章的标题和第一句话。
2.通过理解每段的第一句话。
3.通过理解每一段的结论。
4.通过理解文章的最后一句话。
5.通过理解文章的整体结构。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question.
Why can we remember events in our childhood
We can remember things that have emotional connections and childhood memories are often very emotional.Besides, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again, so we remember them much better.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Answer the following question.
What can a person do if he/she has a photographic memory
If a person has a photographic memory, he/she could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later.
2.Choose the best answer.
Why are Daniel Tammet and Stephen Wiltshire mentioned in the paragraph
A.To tell they are famous people.
B.To present their achievements.
C.To highlight their role in history.
D.To show some people have amazing memories.
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and judge the following statements true or false.
1.The forgetting curve was created by Hermann Ebbinghaus. (　 　)
2.The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the first five days. (　 　)
3.Timely review is necessary to remember what is learnt. (　 　)
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and fill in the blanks.
1.At the age of 25, we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a _______.
2.By the age of 40, we lose 10,000 brain ______every day.
3.By ________age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
T
F
T
second
cells
middle
Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and choose the best answer.
Which column of a newspaper is the text taken from
A.Travelling.　　　　　　B.Science.
C.Health. D.Entertainment.
Task 3语篇总结·主题深化
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
We remember things that have strong 1. ____________(connect) in our mind, especially
emotional connections.Childhood memories are often very 2.__________(emotion);therefore,
we remember them much better.So when 3._____________(remember) something new, try to
connect it to our emotions.
　　A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of something, but
most of us do not have 4._________(amaze) memories.Asking questions also helps with
memorisation.Another effective technique to remember things is 5._________(group) similar
ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things 6.___________
are already known.
connections
emotional
remembering
amazing
to group
that/which
　　Forgetting the new words is natural for many people.One of the golden
7.______(rule) to increase how much we remember 8.___(be)to review the material
periodically, especially during the first day after learning.
　　Our memory reaches its full power 9.___ the age of 25.After this age, however,
the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age, our memory is 10. ____________
(significant) worse than when we were young.
rules
is
at
significantly
Task 4长句难句·释疑解难
1.A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a
book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who
really have photographic memories.
[句式分析]此句是并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句,在第二个分句中,that引导
______从句,该从句中who引导______从句修饰先行词people。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
宾语
定语
拥有照像记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、某本书或
某个事件的每一个细节,但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照像记忆能力。
2.For example, Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi (π) and
Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over
it in a helicopter.
[句式分析]此句是and连接的并列复合句,在第二个分句中,after flying over it in a
helicopter作______状语。
[自主翻译]__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
时间
例如,丹尼尔·塔梅可以记住圆周率的前22514位数,而斯蒂芬·威尔夏
可以坐直升机俯瞰一个城市,而后凭记忆力画出这个城市的详细图片。
Task 5阅读升华·拓展思维
1.Do you think Jemima Gryaznov’s answers are convincing Why
Yes, I think so.The examples and evidence he offers are based on facts, so they are convincing.
2.What do you plan to do in your study in order to remember what you have learnt forever
Based on the forgetting curve, I plan to give timely and regular review to what I have learnt before forgetting it.
核心考点·探究内化
1.recommend vt.推荐;建议
(教材原句)I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.
我建议你尝试简化的经典文学作品,比如用简单英语重写的短篇故事和小说。
(应用文之建议信)I strongly recommend you to spare some time to work out every day.
我强烈建议你每天抽出一点时间来锻炼。
【精要必记】
(1)recommend sth.to sb. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb.as 推荐某人担任……
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议/劝某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
(2)recommend that...(should) do...建议……(应该)做……
It is strongly/highly recommended that...强烈建议……(应该)做……
(3)recommendation n.建议;推荐
知识宽一度
　　后接宾语从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词有:
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He recommended _________(read) the novel before seeing the movie.
②I have just spent vacation in Guilin and would like to recommend some tourist
attractions ___ all of you.
③He is capable of dealing with difficult situations, so I recommend him ___ head of
our department.
④It is strongly recommended that the machines ___________________(check) on a
regular basis for the sake of safety.
reading
to
as
(should) be checked
⑤If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things,
including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, and getting letters
of ________________(recommend).
recommendation
【美句·锻造】 一句多译/词汇升级
①我建议她在做不明智的事之前要仔细考虑一下。
→I _______________________very carefully before she does something unwise.
(recommend sb.to do)
→I ________________________________very carefully before she does something
unwise.(recommend that...)
②I advise you to think twice before you make your final decision.
→I ____________ you to think twice before you make your final decision.
recommend her to think
recommend that she (should) think
recommend
2.be honoured to do sth.很荣幸做某事
(教材原句)Today, we’re honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.
今天,我们很荣幸邀请到两位特别的嘉宾来为我们讲述这个事情。
(应用文之演讲稿)It’s an honour for me to stand here to deliver a speech to you.
我很荣幸能站在这里向你们发表演讲。
【精要必记】
(1)honour　　　　 n.&vt. 荣幸;尊敬
in honour of 为了纪念;为了庆祝
【精要必记】
It’s one’s honour to do sth.=It’s an honour for sb. to do sth.　　　
某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事
(2)honoured adj. 荣幸的;受尊敬的
be honoured with 被授予……
be honoured as 被誉为……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned, mothers should be honoured _____ expressions of love and respect.
②He was honoured ___ a pioneer for his scientific research.
with
as
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
我很荣幸能和大家一起参加这次活动。
→ _____________________to be able to participate in this event with all of you.
(honour n.)
→_______________to be able to participate in this event with all of you.(honour n.)
→________________________able to participate in this event with all of you.
(honour n.)
→______________ to be able to participate in this event with all of you.(honoured
adj.)
It is an honour for me
It is my honour
I have the honour of being
I feel honoured
3.arrangement n.计划;安排
(应用文之告知信)I’m delighted to receive your letter in which you asked about our arrangements for the World Reading Day.
我很高兴收到你的来信,你在信中询问我们对世界阅读日的安排。
(应用文之活动介绍)The headteacher has arranged that we will have a picnic this weekend.
班主任安排,本周末我们将有一次野餐。
【精要必记】
(1)make arrangements for　为……做安排
(2)arrange vt.&vi. 安排;排列;整理
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I can arrange _____another engineer to visit you on Wednesday.
②I’ll have to arrange how ________(pick) up the guests from the airport.
③The insurance company has promised to arrange travel insurance ____ the tourists.
④Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the _____________ (arrange).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们已经为这次露营做好了安排。
We ___________________________this camping trip.
②我会安排人领着你参观一下工厂。
I’ll ___________________________you around the factory.
for
to pick
for
arrangement
have made arrangements for
arrange for someone to show
4.excitement n.兴奋,激动
(读后续写之动作描写)Seeing her birthday gift, she jumped with excitement.
看到她的生日礼物,她兴奋地跳了起来。
(读后续写之心理描写)She was too excited to fall asleep.她兴奋得难以入睡。
【精要必记】
(1)to one’s excitement　令某人兴奋的是
with excitement 兴奋地;激动地
(2)excited adj.兴奋的,激动的
be excited at/about 对……感到激动/兴奋
be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋
be excited that... 感到激动/兴奋的是……
(3)exciting adj.令人兴奋的
excitedly adv.兴奋地;激动地
知识宽一度
　　excited意为“兴奋的,激动的”,是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态;exciting表示“令人
激动的”,是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物,如excited
look/expression等。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Upon seeing the doll, Julie let out a cry of ___________(excite), saying repeatedly that it
was the sweetest gift she had ever received.
②Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an _________(excite) experience.
③When I heard the news, my heart pounded ______excitement.
④I’m excited _________(learn) that the 12th World Games will take place in Chengdu in 2025.
excitement
exciting
with
to learn
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①令我们非常兴奋的是,我们班在这次篮球比赛中获得了冠军。
______________________, our class won the championship in this basketball game.
②(读后续写之动作描写)孩子们太兴奋了,在屋子里跑来跑去。
The children ___________________they ran around the room.
To our great excitement
were so excited that
5.as a result 作为结果
(教材原句)As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
作为结果,重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象,我们能更好地记住这些经历。
(读后续写之神态描写)When she saw the gift she had been longing for, her eyes shone as a result of excitement.
当她看到她一直渴望的礼物时,她的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
【精要必记】
(1)as a result of　　 由于……,作为……的结果
without result=in vain　 徒劳地,无结果地
(2)result in 导致,造成, 结果是
result from 起因于,因……而造成
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He got up late.As ___ result, he was late for school.
②As a result ___ the heavy fog, the flight was canceled.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他突然头疼起来,结果他未能去参加宴会。(用result的短语)
→He had a sudden headache. ___________, he wasn’t able to attend the party.
→He wasn’t able to attend the party ____________ his sudden headache.
→His sudden headache ___________ his not being able to attend the party.
→His not being able to attend the party _____________ his sudden headache.
a
of
As a result
as a result of
resulted in
resulted from
6.状语从句的省
(教材原句)When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions.
当记忆新事物时,试着把它和我们的情感联系起来。
句型解构
　　本句中When remembering something new为状语从句的省,完整形式为When you are remembering something new。
在由while, when, if, as if, even if/though, though, although, until, once, unless 等引导的状语从句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it,且从句中含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省。
【美句·锻造】 句型转换
①Even if he is invited, he won’t go to the party.
→______________, he won’t go to the party.
②When he heard he won the first prize, he screamed with excitement.
→______________ he won the first prize, he screamed with excitement.
③My father walked around in the yard as if he was looking for something.
→My father walked around in the yard _______________something.
④Come along with me if it is possible.
→Come along with me __________.
Even if invited
When hearing
as if looking for
if possible
7.This is because...这是因为……
(教材原句)This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为我们第一次经历事物时,常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
句型解构
　　本句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”,其中because 引导表语从句。
(1)That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”,强调原因,because引导表语从句。
(2)That’s why... 意为“那就是……的原因”,强调结果,why引导表语从句。
(3)The reason why...is/was that...意为“……的原因是……”,why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句。
*(读后续写之人物描写)He is always ready to help others and that’s because he used
to be helped by others.
他总是乐于助人,那是因为他曾经被别人帮助过。
*(读后续写之动作描写)He missed the bus.That was why he was running to school.
他没赶上公共汽车。那就是为什么他正跑去学校。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’m not going to the party tonight.That’s _________I have to study for my exam.
②I always choose to run in the morning.That’s _____ I’m so energetic throughout the
day.
because
why
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①她今天非常高兴。那是因为她在工作中得到了晋升。
She’s so happy today. _______________she received a promotion at work.
②她学习非常努力。那就是她总能取得好成绩的原因。
She studies so hard. ___________ she always gets good grades.
③我不能和你一起去旅行的原因是下周我有一些急事要做。
The reason ____________________________________I have some urgent things
to do next week.
That’s because
That’s why
why I can’t go to travel with you is that
【要点拾遗】
1.unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的,不了解的
(读后续写之人物描写)She had just moved into the community, so she was unfamiliar with her neighbours.
她刚搬进这个社区,所以对邻居们都不熟悉。
(应用文之地介绍)I was born in the city, so it is quite familiar to me.
我出生在这个城市,所以它对我来说是再熟悉不过了。
【精要必记】
(1)familiar 　 adj. 熟悉的,了解的
be (un)familiar with 对……(不)熟悉
be (un)familiar to sb. 为某人所(不)熟悉
(2)familiarity n. 熟悉,知晓
(3)familiarize vt.(使)熟悉,了解
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She addressed me with an easy ___________(familiar) that made me feel at home.
② ___________ (familiar) yourself with the new equipment before you attempt to
use it.
③She felt uneasy in the ___________(familiar) surroundings.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
我对神舟18号三位航天员还不太熟悉。
→I ___________________the three astronauts of Shenzhou-18.
→The three astronauts of Shenzhou-18 ________________ me.
familiarity
Familiarize
unfamiliar
am unfamiliar with
are unfamiliar to
2.memorise vt.记住;熟记
(应用文之建议信)If you want to learn English well, you should memorise as many words as possible.要想学好英语,你应该尽可能多地记单词。
(应用文之传统节日)The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.
端午节是为了纪念屈原而在农历五月初五这一天庆祝的。
【精要必记】
(1)memory 　　 n. 记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆
in memory of 为纪念……
(2)memorial adj.纪念的,追悼的;记忆的 n.纪念碑/馆/品
(3)memorable adj.难忘的,值得纪念的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I recommend you to __________(memory) the phone number rather than just
write down.
②That was one of the most ____________(memory) moments in my life.
memorise
memorable
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/词汇升级
①为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士,一部电影即将开拍。
A film will be made _____________ those brave firefighters.
②Can you remember how much money we spent on the computer
→Can you __________how much money we spent on the computer
in memory of
memorise
3.beyond prep.超出……范围 adv.在更远处;在另一边
(教材原句)Well, my advice is to increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
嗯,我的建议是在课堂之外增加你的英语知识。
(读后续写之神态描写)Beyond my expectation, she stood still as if something caught her eye.
出乎我意料的是,她一动不动地站着,好像有什么东西吸引了她的目光。
【精要必记】
beyond compare　　 无与伦比
beyond sb.’s power 是某人力所不及的
beyond belief/doubt 难以置信/毫无疑问
beyond one’s reach 某人够不到
beyond recognition 认不出来
beyond control 无法控制
beyond one’s expectation 出乎某人意料的是
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
The road continues _________________up into the hills.
②这超出了我的能力范围,所以我决定放弃。
It is _________________, so I’m determined to give up.
③把药放在孩子够不着的地。
Keep the medicine ______________________.
④照片已经模糊,不能辨认。
The photo has faded __________________.
⑤有些事你无法控制,但却可以从中学到很多。
Some things are ______________, but you can learn a lot from them.
beyond the village
beyond my power
beyond children’s reach
beyond recognition
beyond control
4.so that引导目的状语从句
(教材原句)Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
另一种有效的记忆法是把相似的想法或信息放在一起,这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的东西联系起来。
句型解构
　　本句中so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便”。
so that 引导目的状语从句时,从句谓语动词前一般加can, could, may, might等情态动词。
*(应用文之建议信)You should pay attention to your diets and work out on a daily basis so that you can keep healthy.你应该注意你的饮食,每天锻炼,这样你才能保持健康。
*(读后续写之心理描写)She tried her best to control her feelings so that tears couldn’t roll down.她尽力控制自己的感情,不让眼泪流下来。
【知识深一度】
so that引导结果状语从句,从句中不用情态动词。
*He got up late so that he missed the bus.
他起晚了所以没赶上公交车。
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①今天早晨我很早起床,以便能赶上第一班公交车。
This morning I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
②我写起来总是字斟句酌,为了让人看懂我的意思。
I always write carefully so that I may make my meaning clear.
③他们加班以便能够按时完成项目。
They worked late so that they could finish the project on time.
④她一直在省钱以便能够买一辆新车。
She has been saving money so that she could buy a new car.
⑤他努力学习,所以最终通过了考试。
He worked hard, so that he passed the exam in the end.
⑥她努力学习英语,因此在一家国际公司获得了一份好工作。
She worked hard at English, so that she got a good job in an international company.
词汇对接高考
单句写作
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B)She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond
nutrition.
她补充说,该项目的好处______________。
2.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解C)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride
between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing
they can help us do better.
Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景,然后将每一位哲学
家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情的________。
不仅仅是营养
背景里
3.(2024·北京高考·完形填空)My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me,
“Will you be going, Amy ” “Sure,” I said.
我的朋友们都______________问我:“艾米,你去吗 ”“当然,”我说。
4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis
Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the
“wisdom of crowds” effect.
1907年3月7日,英国统计学家弗朗西斯· 高尔顿________________,阐述了后来被称
为“群体智慧”的效应。
兴奋地跳起来
发表了一篇论文
5.(2022·国乙卷·阅读理解D)It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are
consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk
of the disease.
人们认为,如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是________的三倍,这使他们患病的风险
更高。
推荐量
语法知识·精讲点拨
主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)
教材自主探究
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的用法
1.We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially emotional connections.
2.Childhood memories are often very emotional.
3.Yet, there are some people who do have amazing memories.
4.I’m 16, but I sometimes forget things.
5.After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller.
6.By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
探究:
句1中have对应的主语是_______;
句2中are对应的主语是__________;
句3中are对应的主语是____________;
句4中am对应的主语是__;
句5中starts对应的主语是______;
句6中is对应的主语是_________。
things
memories
some people
I
brain
memory
语法精要点拨
　　主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
　　主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
*Taking physical examination periodically is good for health.
定期体检对健康有好处。
*When he will go to Shanghai is unknown to us.
我们不知道他什么时候去上海。
【知识深一度】
　　what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
*What is beautiful is not always good.
美丽的事物并不总是好的。
*What our Chinese teacher recommends to us are Lu Xun’s short novels.
语文老师向我们推荐的是鲁迅的短篇小说。
2.主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等词时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
*The teacher as well as the students was unfamiliar with the idiom.
老师和学生都不熟悉这个成语。
*I hear that he,rather than you, is to make arrangements for the evening party.
我听说是他而不是你将安排这次晚会。
3.and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*Both Mary and Jack have memorised the 20 new words learned last class.
玛丽和杰克都记住了上节课学的20个新单词。
*The poet and writer has produced many classic works.
那位诗人兼作家创作了许多经典作品。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
*He has just published a long novel which is very popular among readers.
他刚刚发表了一部长篇小说,很受读者欢迎。
5.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
*Many a student says they have learned a lot from their headteacher beyond the classroom.
许多学生说,他们从班主任那里学到了很多课堂以外的东西。
*Each boy and each girl was delighted to get praised by the teacher.
得到了老师的表扬,每个男孩和女孩都很高兴。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)What you said just now _____(have) something to do with the matter we are
discussing.
(2)Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _____(be) asked to make a speech at
the meeting.
(3) _______________ (communicate) with our parents from time to time helps get rid
of our trouble.
(4)Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters,___(be)going to visit Beijing this
summer.
(5)So far, more than one person __________(hear) of the news.
has
was
Communicating
is
has heard
二、意义一致原则
　　意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。
*The family is a very happy one.
这个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。
*The family are very pleased about the news of William’s success.
家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
*Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生。
*Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海洋。
*All were present and all was going well.
所有人都到场了,一切进展顺利。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
*The old are taken good care of in this nursing home.
在这家养老院,老人被照顾得很好。
4.a quantity of后跟不可数名词或复数名词,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词;quantities of后无论是不可数名词还是可数名词,谓语动词均用复数形式。
*A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
=Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
5.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*As a result, a number of people were against the plan.
结果,很多人反对这个计划。
*The number of people who were against the plan was large.
反对这个计划的人的数量很大。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
*Three years is a very short time, so we must value time.
三年的时间很短暂,所以我们一定要珍惜时间。
7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*Physics is my favourite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
*No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
8.用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数。
*Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
《远大前》是狄更斯于1860年写的。
【知识深一度】
如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
*The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.
五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。
9.一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数。
*My blue trousers have been worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
【知识深一度】
这些名词如用a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
*A pair of shoes is under the bed.
床下有一双鞋。
10.单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语用复数。这类名词有:sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。
*Every means has been tried out without much result.
每一种法都试过了却没什么结果。
*All means have been tried out without much result.
所有法都试过了却没什么结果。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)Over sixty percent of the city ______________(destroy) in the earthquake.
(2)During the past few years, quantities of waste water _________________(pour) into the
river, thus polluting it seriously.
(3)The number of foreigners learning Chinese ___ (be) on the rise.
(4)The family _____(be) fond of listening to music for relaxation.
(5)The injured ____________(rush) to the nearest hospital after the accident happened.
(6)The United Nations _____(have) passed a resolution to stop the conflict between the two
countries.
(7)My glasses fell to ground and ______(be) broken to pieces.
(8)The chemical works _____(be) set up in 1986.
was destroyed
have been poured
is
are
were rushed
has
were
was
三、就近一致原则
　　就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
*Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
学生和老师都不知道这事。
2.由there、here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
*There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)Here ___ (be)a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
(2)Not only Alice but also her colleagues _____(be) going to watch the touching
movie tonight.
(3)Neither he nor I _____(be)willing to go shopping today.
is
are
am
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·国甲卷·七选五)Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer,
often ______(lead) to mindless overeating.
2.(2024·北京高考·语法填空A)Taking the time to rest _______(allow) us to develop
a deeper sense of self-awareness.
3.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解A)Here _____(be) some suggestions on where to start
your Bangkok eating adventure.
leads
allows
are
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五)Taking responsibility for mistakes _______________,
but don’t beat yourself up about them.
为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A) ________________ descriptions of the ranger
programs this summer.
以下是今年夏天护林员项目的描述。
3.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空)The latest engineering techniques
___________________this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
最新的工技术被应用于创造这个保护性的,也很漂亮的功能结构。
is a positive step
The following are
are applied to createUnit 9　Learning
Part 4　Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
写一则学习反思(A Learning Reflection)
【文本研读】
Task 1文本概览·厘清结构
Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph 1:Reflections on my past 1.knowledge about memory
Paragraph 2:2.Reflections on what I’ve learnt from the lesson
Paragraph 3:What I can do to 3.improve my memory
Task 2佳句品味·体会表达
表示反思的句子:
(1)When it comes to learning, everyone is not unfamiliar with it.
(2)I must say that there is no shortcut in learning English.
(3)I’m sure these methods will help me improve my learning.
【写作指导】
1.题型解读
①本单元的写作项目属于读后感写作。读后感指选择自己感受最深的东西,学会提炼和表述感想,能围绕感想展开较为充分的论证。发表感想时要密切联系实际,这是读后感的重要内容。
②写感想时要注意点面结合以及观点与材料的统一。要在所给原文的基础上发表议论,并由此及彼地联系现实生活中相似或相反的现象。写感想时用一般现在时为主,人称主要为第一人称。
2.锦囊妙计
　　感想的表述要明确、清晰、严密;感想的提炼与表述宜在首尾加以突出。
【语料积累】
1.教材词汇
(1)memorise 　　　　 vt.记住;熟记
(2)effectively adv.有效地
(3)recommend vt.推荐;建议
(4)context n.上下文;语境;背景
(5)acquire vt.学习,获得(知识,技能)
(6)brush up (on) 温习,复习
(7)reflect on 思考
(8)in short 总而言之
2.常用词块
(1)follow one’s advice　　　　 听从某人的建议
(2)make the most/best of 充分利用
(3)catch/get the main idea 抓住主旨
(4)improve learning efficiency 提高学习效率
(5)take the challenge 应对挑战
(6)develop the interest of 培养……的兴趣
(7)concentrate/focus on 注意力集中于
(8)devote/dedicate oneself to 致力于
3.话题句式
(1)开篇常用句型:
①After reading the book, I was deeply touched by the heroine’s story.
读完这本书后,我被女主人公的故事深深地打动了。
②Recently I read a book named How the Steel Was Tempered, which impressed me deeply.
最近我读了一本名为《钢铁是怎样炼成的》的书,给我留下了深刻的印象。
(2)主体段落常用句型
①My biggest problem is how to use the idioms in a proper context.我最大的难题是不知道怎么在合适的语境中使用习语。
②I have trouble in making sentences with Chinese words.我在用汉语词汇造句面有困难。
③It will be of great help for you to communicate more with the natives.
多和当地人交流会对你帮助很大。
④From my point of view, it would be a good idea if you watch Chinese TV programmes to improve your listening and speaking.
在我看来,要提高你的听说能力,看汉语电视节目是一个不错的主意。
(3)结尾常用句型:
①I think you can make it if you follow the above advice.
如果你听从以上建议, 我认为你会成功的。
②With your efforts, it’s certain that you will make progress in your Chinese study.
通过你的努力,你的汉语学习一定会取得进步。
③In conclusion, only when we keep proper distance can we feel comfortable with each other and our friendship last long as well.
总之,只有当我们保持适当的距离时,我们彼此相处才能感到舒适,我们的友谊才会长久。
【实践应用】
(2024·大连高一检测)
　　假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你利用寒假读完了外教Jim推荐的海明威的《老人与海》,请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.表达感谢并分享读书收获;
2.交流后续的英文书阅读计划。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
写作思维流
Step 1:谋篇布局
Step 2:遣词造句
1.谢谢你向我推荐英文小说《老人与海》。
Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea to me.
2.读完这本书,我受益匪浅。
After I have finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.
3.那个在大海中独自与大鱼和鲨鱼搏斗的老人激励着我勇敢地面对生活中的挫折。
The old man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to face frustrations bravely in my life.
4.(一句多译)此外,我认识到,无论遇到什么困难,我们都要坚持自己的梦想。
→Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what difficulty we may come across.(no matter what)
→Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams whatever difficulty we may come across.(whatever)
5.至于我未来的阅读计划,我正在考虑探索海明威的其他小说。
As for my future reading plans, I’m considering exploring Hemingway’s other novels.
6.如果你能给我更多的推荐,我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations.
Step 3:句式升级
7.用v.-ing形式作状语改写句2
Having finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.
Step 4:完美成篇
Dear Jim,
Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea to me.
Having finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.The old man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to face frustrations bravely in my life.Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what difficulty we may come across.As for my future reading plans, I’m considering exploring Hemingway’s other novels.
I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations.
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ.阅读STUDYING ABROAD,完成下面的线索框架图
What difficulty Liu Bao has
　↓1.To make friends in Australia.
What Liu Bao notices
　↓ Many Chinese students seem to only 2.spend time with their Chinese friends.
What Li Ni dislikes about American culture
　↓3.American food.
How Li Ni gets food now
　↓4.Cook at home or have dinner in a local Chinese restaurant.
Why Chen Xin thinks some subjects are difficult
　↓Because she has to 5.read and write in English.
Where Martin studies language
　↓At 6.a language college in Beijing.
How Tina pays the bill in her country
　↓Split the bill and everyone 7.pays their own share.
How Tom thinks of his friend’s grandfather
　↓8.Kind.
Ⅱ.阅读STUDYING ABROAD,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
1.Living in a foreign country is exciting and it’s easy to fit in with another culture. (　F　)
2.Liu Bao likes football and surfing. (　F　)
3.Li Ni cooks at home or has dinner in a local Chinese restaurant. (　T　)
4.Chen Xin’s spoken English is improving. (　T　)
5.Martin wanted to teach English whenever he had a chance. (　F　)
Ⅲ.阅读DO BOYS AND GIRLS HAVE DIFFERENT READING HABITS ,简要谈谈你的认识(80 词左右)
　　According to a study published by PISA, girls show more interests on reading than boys. This is associated with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading. Boys enjoy reading newspapers and comic books for pleasure. Girls prefer to read works of fiction. Therefore, in training students’ reading habits and interests, we should give corresponding guidance according to their reading habits.
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1.When acquiring new knowledge, I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt.
在学习新知识的时候,我会试着把新知识和我已经学过的知识联系起来。
2.I spent a few months studying at a language college in Beijing.
我在北京的一所语言大学学习了几个月。
3.However,not all countries had such an obvious trend.
然而,并非所有国家都有如此明显的趋势。
4.Girls were found to be twice as likely to enjoy works of fiction than boys.
研究发现,女孩欣赏小说作品的可能性是男孩的两倍。
核心考点·探究内化
1.evidence n.证据,证明
(教材原句)While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged, the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do, is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.
虽然各种形式的阅读当然是有益的而且应该被鼓励,但为了享受而阅读的男孩数量很少,并且他们阅读时的选择也有限,这证明了一个需要解决的问题。
【精要必记】
(1)evident　　　 adj.明显的,明白的
It is/was evident (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)很清楚/显然……
(2)evidently adv.显然地,明显地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence (evident) to suggest that these interests are changing.
②Midway through that busy weekend, three guys entered through the restaurant’s doors evidently(evident)looking for a seat and some food.
【美句·锻造】 词汇升级
The growing interest in history is very clear in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.
→The growing interest in history is very evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.
2.expose vt.使接触;使体验
(教材原句)Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.
各国需要考虑如何激发男孩对阅读的兴趣,并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。
【精要必记】
(1)expose...to...　 把……暴露在……,
使……接触……
expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事
(2)exposed adj.(指地)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to 接触……;暴露于……中
(3)exposure n.暴露
【知识深一度】
expose...to和be exposed to中的to是介词,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible to increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons.
②Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of exposure (expose) to radiation.
③Standing on the top of the hill, he was exposed to being hit (hit) by the lightning.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句型转换
①毋容置疑,暴露在极端温度和天气条件下会损坏手机。
There is no doubt that being exposed to extreme temperatures and weather conditions will damage cell phones.
②If you are exposed to direct sunlight too much, it will get you sunburnt.
→Exposed to direct sunlight too much, you will get sunburnt.
3.that引导同位语从句
(教材原句)A closer look at the reading tests shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading.
仔细看看阅读测试,你会发现一个有趣的事实:女孩在阅读面比男孩表现得好,这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关。
句型解构
本句中that引导同位语从句。
(1)连词 that 引导同位语从句时,常跟在某些抽象名词,如 fact、hope、desire、thought、suggestion、idea、news、problem、possibility、chance、plan、question等之后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。
(2)在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、request等)后面的同位语从句要用“(should+)do”表示虚拟语气。
(3)同位语从句也可以由连接代词who、what、whose、which和连接副词how、when、where、why或连词whether来引导。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
②(读后续写之心理描写)I couldn’t bear the thought that these forests would be lost forever.
③He must answer the question whether he agrees with the proposal or not.
④The question who will take his place is still not clear.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
②他不知道她为什么不辞而别。
He had no idea why she had left without saying goodbye to anyone. Unit 9　Learning
Part 2　Lesson 1
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.the outer voice 　　　　外在的声音
2.dinosaur bones 恐龙骨骼
3.an automatic function of the body 一种自主的身体功能
4.the inner voice 内在的声音
5.have enough data to support their views 有足够的数据支持他们的观点
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1.reflect vi.&vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映→reflection n.(光、热或声音的)反射;(反射出来的)影像,倒影;深思
2.argue vi.争论,争吵→argument n.争论,争吵;论据,理由;辩论,讨论
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设→assumption n.假定,假设;获得,承担→assuming conj.假如
4.flexible adj.灵活的,可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地;柔软地;有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性,柔性
5.promote vt.促进,增进→promotion n.促进;提升
6.likely adj.可能发生的→unlikely adj.不大可能的→likeliness n.可能性
7.exist vi.存在;实际上有→existence n.存在,实有;生存→existing adj.现存的,现行的
8.ignore vt.忽视;置之不理→ignorance n.无知,愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的,(对某事物)不了解的
9.impress v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象→impression n.印象;感想→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的,令人钦佩的
【词缀串记】
un-否定前缀,常用于形容词或动词前构成否定意思。例如:
un-+likely→unlikely　　　　不大可能的
usual→unusual 不寻常的
common→uncommon 不普通的
important→unimportant 不重要的
tidy→untidy 不整洁的
dress→undress 脱衣
cover→uncover　揭露
load→unload 卸下
lock→unlock 开……的锁
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1.pay attention to　　　　注意;重视
2.in this way 这样;用这种法
3.make decisions 做决定;下决心
4.agree with 同意,和……意见一致
5.be based on... 以……为根据
6.reflect on 思考
7.argue with 争吵
8.in short 总而言之;简单地说
9.attempt to 尝试
10.take part in 参加,参与
11.as well 同样;也
12.all by oneself 独立,单独
13.get in the way 阻碍,妨碍
14.focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于
15.end up doing 最后;最终
16.work out 弄懂某事物;计算出
17.at the heart of... 在……的中心
18.miss out on 错过
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions,while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.(while连接两个并列分句)
译文:你内心的声音表达你的个人意见,而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。
2.Instead,active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying,not on what their brain is saying in the background.(第一个what引导宾语从句)
译文:相反,主动学习者是开放的,专注于说话人或者作者所说的话,而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。
3.If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.(状语从句的省)
译文:如果没有,至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。
4.If you try to find out the source of an idea,no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
译文:如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议,你都更有机会学到一些东西。
5.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.(It is+adj.+that从句)
译文:确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人,毕竟这是人的本性。
文本阅读·语篇研析
【新课导入】
Answer the following questions.
1.What’s your favourite subject Why do you like it best
My favourite subject is physics.I like it best because it can make me learn about how things work and inspires me to explore the mystery of the universe and nature.
2.What do you think students should do in class
First of all, we should listen to the teacher attentively in case we miss out on important points.Secondly, take notes if necessary.Moreover, it is advisable for us to take an active part in discussion or group work.Last but not least, think actively and ask questions about what you can’t understand.
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Para.1:What is (1)active learning
Para.2:Listen to the (2)outer voice.
Para.3:Argue with your (3)inner voice.
Para.4: Ask (4)questions.
Para.5:Get to the (5)truth.
Para.6:(6)Focus on the message.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about what active learning is.
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question.
What’s active learning
Active learning means learners take an active part in the learning process and reflect on what has been learned.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and fill in the blanks.
1.There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice.
2.The inner voice expresses your (1)personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you (2)hear or read.
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and answer the following question.
How can you argue with your inner voice
When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right.
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and answer the following question.
Why does the author suggest asking questions
Because if you ask questions, the answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
Ⅴ.Read Para.5 carefully and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A.Not every idea is based on truth.
B.It’s unlikely that dinosaurs still exist today.
C.To find out the source of an idea is crazy.
D.Active learners don’t accept everything they learn.
答案:D
Ⅵ.Read Para.6 carefully and judge the following statements true or false.
1.People are usually unwilling to learn from those who they dislike. (　T　)
2.Active learners don’t judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. (　T　)
3.Our friends are always right in everything.(　F　)
Ⅶ.Read the whole passage again and choose the best answer.
What can we learn from the passage
A.We should take an active role in learning.
B.Inner voice is more important than outer voice.
C.Getting to the truth is the easiest way to promote active learning.
D.It’s impossible for us to learn something from the people we don’t like.
答案:A
Task 3阅读升华·拓展思维
1.How can we become active learners
In order to be an active learner,we should do as follows:Listen to the outer voice;Argue with our inner voice;Ask questions;Get to the truth;Focus on the message.
2.Which of the suggestions in the passage do you think is the most useful for you Why
I think “Argue with your inner voice” is the most useful,because it makes me consider the other side of the argument.
Task 4语篇总结·主题深化
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
　　While sometimes the human brain can learn all by itself, we need to 1.actively (active) take part in the learning process and to reflect on 2.what we have learnt.We are supposed to take an active role in our learning.
　　Your inner voice 3.expresses (express) your personal opinions.If you pay too much attention to your inner voice, you will risk 4.missing (miss) important information.Active learners are open-minded, and they are in a better position to make 5.decisions (decide).If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue 6.with it as most active learners do.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.What’s more, asking questions is the 7.easiest(easy) way to promote active learning.The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding.
　　Active learners attempt 8.to find(find) the truth at the heart of each idea.Try to find out the source of an idea,9.and you will increase your chance of learning something.In addition,active learners do not judge people 10.based (base) on first impressions or personal feelings.We needn’t assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
Task 5长句难句·释疑解难
1.If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
[句式分析]此句是主从复合句,If引导条件状语从句,no matter how引导让步状语从句。
[自主翻译]如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议,你都更有机会学到一些东西。
2.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
[句式分析]此句是主从复合句,句中破折号后的句子对前面所说情况进行了补充说明,其中that引导宾语从句,or连接并列原因状语,because of后who引导宾语从句,第二个because引导原因状语从句。
[自主翻译]反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。
核心考点·探究内化
1.reflect vi.&vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映
(教材原句)We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过并反思学到的东西。
【精要必记】
(1)reflect...in...　在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/反省某事
(2)reflection n.反射;反映;映像
on reflection 经再三考虑,仔细考虑
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The water is so clear that you can see your reflection (reflect) in it.
②His image seemed to be reflected many times in the mirror.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①每当听贝多芬的交响乐的时候,我总会思考人生。
I always reflect on life when listening to Beethoven’s symphony.
②他的生活哲学和抱负都反映在他的作品中。
His life philosophy and his aspiration are reflected in his works.
2.argue vi.争论,争吵vt.辩论,证明;说理
(教材原句)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制,可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
【精要必记】
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.就某事与某人争论
argue that... 主张/认为……
argue for/against... 为赞成/反对……而辩论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.争论,辩论;论据,论点,理由
have an argument
beyond argument 无可争辩
【活用·练透】
用argue相关短语的适当形式填空
①Do what you are told and don’t argue with me.
②We argued about/over the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad for middle school students.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/一句多译
①我认为我能说服老板采纳这个计划。
I think I can argue my boss into adapting the plan.
②我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。
→We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. (argue)
→We had an argument with the waiter about the price of the meal.(argument)
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设
(读后续写之神态描写)He contented himself by assuming an air of superiority.
他表现出一副高高在上的样子,以获得自我满足。
【精要必记】
(1)assume sb./sth.to be　假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设/假定……
(2)assumption n.假定,假设
make an assumption 认为;假定
on the assumption that... 假定……;在假定……的情况下
【知识延伸】
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有:
①considering 　　prep.& conj.鉴于,考虑到
②given　　　prep.鉴于,考虑到
③including prep.包括,包含
④supposing conj.假设,假如
⑤provided/providing conj.假如,如果
⑥concerning prep.关于
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I assume him to be (be) the most intelligent student in the class.
②People tend to make an assumption (assume) about you based on your appearance.
③Assuming (assume) it rains tomorrow, shall we put off the sports meeting
④On the assumption that climate change is caused by human activities, it is crucial to reduce carbon emissions.
【美句·锻造】 句型转换
People generally assume that stress is caused by too much work.
→It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
【补偿训练】 单句语法填空
①Considering (consider) he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
②Given (give) her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
③I will agree to go provided/providing (provide) that my expenses are paid.
④I enjoyed the great benefit of his instructions concerning (concern) the matter.
4.end up doing 最后;最终
(教材原句)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
(应用文之建议信)I assume that if you work like this, you’ll end up with a bright future.
我想如果你这样工作下去,你会有一个光明的未来。
【精要必记】
(1)end up with 以……结束
end up as 结果成为……
(2)bring/put sth. to an end=bring/put an end to sth. 使某事结束
come to an end 结束
in the end 最后;终于
at the end of 在……尽头
by the end of 截止到……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If you don’t know what you want, you might end up getting (get) something you don’t want.
②We started with soup, and fruit to end up with.
③They have managed to end up as partners in their new business.
④The committee brought their meeting to an end after two hours.
⑤At the end of last month, they collected enough data for their research.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①颁奖仪式到此结束。
Now the award ceremony has come to an end.
②到假期结束时,我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
By the end of the holiday/vacation, I had spent all my money.
5.work out 弄懂某事物;计算出;做运动;解答
(教材原句)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习,探究问题的过有助于你更好地理解该主题。
(读后续写之动作描写)When I visited him, he was working on a kite.
我去拜访他的时候,他正在做风筝。
【精要必记】
work on　　从事……;努力说服……
work at 从事/致力于……
out of work 失业
at work 在工作中
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He says you’re fired if you’re not back at work on Friday.
②This won’t stop us from starting to work on the project on time.
③Only if you work hard at your lessons can you get good grades.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①对于那些失业的人而言,就业市场的信息可谓是他们的生命线。
Information about the job market can be a lifeline for those who are out of work.
②事情没有像计划的那样发展。
Things didn’t work out as planned.
6.attempt to 尝试
(教材原句)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从每个观点最核心的地寻找真相。
【精要必记】
(1)attempt sth.　　尝试某事
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
in an attempt at sth./to do sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj.未遂的
知识宽一度
　　 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,意为“试图做某事”,但不一定成功;而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He succeeded in passing the driving test at the first attempt.
②He dived his hand into his pocket in an attempt to find the key.
③Scientists think they have broken through in their attempt to find (find) the causes of many major diseases.
④Fisher was put into prison last night, charged with attempted (attempt) murder.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他试图通过考试,但这太难了。
→He attempted to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt vt.)
→He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt n.)
7.be based on...以……为根据
(教材原句)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使某个想法听起来完不可能,其中也可能有某个面是基于事实的。
(读后续写之人物描写)In the hope of becoming a great basketball player, he trained hard on a daily basis.
为了成为一名伟大的篮球运动员,他每天都刻苦训练。
【精要必记】
(1)base 　　　v.以……为据点
n.基地;基础
base sth.on/upon sth. 以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础;原因
on the basis of 以……为根据
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
[易混辨析]base & basis
base 多用来表示具体有形事物的“底部,根基”
basis 用来表示抽象无形的“基础,原因”
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Both countries agreed that normal relations would be based on non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
②Based (base) on the Long March, the article is very moving.
③It’s necessary to raise the wages on the basis of increasing production.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句式升级
①(应用文之建议信)为了保持健康,我建议你定期锻炼身体。
To keep healthy, I suggest you should work out on a regular basis.
②The movie is very popular because it is based on the best-selling novel.
→Based on the best-selling novel, the movie is very popular.(过去分词短语作状语)
【补偿训练】 选词填空 (base/basis)
①The lamp has a heavy base.
②The basis of a good marriage is trust.
8.exist vi.存在;实际上有
(教材原句)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.
因此,如果有人说现在还有恐龙,那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
(应用文之学校介绍)Our school came into existence in 1956 and has a history of about 70 years.
我们学校始建于1956年,至今已有约70年的历史。
【精要必记】
(1)exist in　　　　 存在于……(相当于 lie in)
exist on 依靠……生存;依靠……生活
(2)existence n.存在;生存
come into existence 开始存在;产生;成立
go out of existence 不复存在;完消失
in existence 存在的;现存的;现有的
(3)existing adj.现行的;现存的
【知识深一度】
exist是不及物动词,不用于被动语态,通常不用进行时。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①So scientists are trying their best to save the endangered species from going out of existence (exist).
②It is officially announced that any new building must be fitted into the existing (exist) appearance of the city.
③It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence.
④The old man found it difficult to exist on his pension alone.
⑤The car wouldn’t start.After careful examination, he found the troubles existed in the engine.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的,科学家们有多种论说。
Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence/being.
9.impression n.印象;感想
(教材原句)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
(应用文之旅游)We were deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.
我们被西湖的美景深深地打动了。
【精要必记】
(1)leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.　 给某人留下……的印象
(2)impress v.给……留下深刻印象;使钦佩
impress sb.with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记/意识到某事
be impressed with/by... 　对……有深刻印象
be impressed on one’s mind/memory 被印在某人的脑海/记忆里
(3)impressive adj.令人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Nicholas left Crusoe a very deep impression (impress) because he did the right things in the dangerous situation.
②The movie was so impressive (impress) that I couldn’t help crying.
③I often impress the importance of hard work on my students.
④His father always cheers him up and impresses him with the value of never giving up.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他在会议上的发言给观众留下了深刻的印象。
→His speech at the conference made/left a deep impression on the audience.(impression n.)
→The audience was/were deeply impressed by his speech at the conference.(impress v.)
10.while连接两个并列分句
(教材原句)Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人意见,而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。
句型解构
　　本句中while为并列连词,意为“然而”。
*I like playing football while he is fond of listening to music.我喜欢踢足球而他喜欢听音乐。
*(读后续写之人物描写)While it was cold outside, he continued working.虽然外面冷,但他仍然继续工作。
*(读后续写之天气描写)While I was walking on the road, it suddenly rained heavily.
我正在路上走着,天突然下起了大雨。
【名师点津】while用法集锦
(1)while意为“当……的时候,和……同时”时引导时间状语从句。
(2)while意为“虽然,尽管”时引导让步状语从句,常位于句首。
(3)while意为“而……,然而……”(对比两件事物)时用来连接两个并列分句,强调前后对比,常位于句中。
[易混辨析]
while/when/as引导时间状语从句
while 表示一段时间和某一过,必须跟延续性动词
when 既可以表示时间段,也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的,也可为持续性的
as 表示两个动作同时进行,有时有伴随意味,可译为“一边……一边……”
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The boy is good at physics while his sister does well in English.
②While/When I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①虽然我认识他已经很长时间了,但我对他并不了解。
While I’ve known him for a long time, I don’t know him well.
②他正在做演讲的时候,有人打开了门。
Someone opened the door while he was making his speech.
③晚饭后他出去散步了,而我待在家里。
After supper, he went for a walk while I stayed at home.
【补偿训练】
1.选词填空 (while/when/as)
①He looked behind as he walked.
②When I got home, Mom was preparing lunch.
③She was doing housework while her little brother was playing his toy.
2.完成句子
①下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
②当他沿着河散步的时候,听到一个小男孩正喊救命。
While/When/As he was walking along the river, he heard a young boy calling for help.
③我边沿河岸边走边唱英文歌。
I sang an English song as I went along the river bank.
【要点拾遗】
1.unlikely adj.不大可能的
(读后续写之人物描写)His right foot was injured, so people thought it was unlikely that he could finish the race.
他的右脚受伤了,所以人们认为他不太可能完成比赛。
(应用文之演讲稿)Next, students lacking self-control are likely to ignore the teacher and absorb themselves in games or videos.其次,缺乏自制力的学生很可能会忽视老师,沉浸于游戏或视频。
【精要必记】
(1)likely 　　　adj.可能的adv.很可能
It is likely that ...= Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth. 很可能……
be likely/unlikely to do sth. 很可能/不大可能做某事
(2)not likely 决不可能;绝对不会
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely that he/she will get the job because no one likes a person who doesn’t respect punctuality (守时).
②But nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely (likely) to survive in the environment of high temperatures.
【美句·锻造】 句型转换/完成句子
①The company will be likely to go bankrupt(破产) if they don’t cut costs.
→It is likely that the company will go bankrupt if they don’t cut costs.
②如果天气不好,我们很可能会取消这次足球比赛。
If the weather is bad, it is likely/possible/probable that we will cancel the football match.
2.ignore vt.忽视;置之不理
(教材原句)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们说的内容。
(读后续写之心理描写)For the first time in my life there was a ray of hope that I did not have to remain ignorant for the rest of my life.这是我人生中第一次有一线希望,我不必在我的余生中保持无知。
【精要必记】
(1)ignorance 　　　n.[U] 无知
in ignorance of 无知
(2)ignorant adj.(人)无知的;无教养的;不知道的
be ignorant of 对……不知道
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①His ignorant (ignore) behaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.
②The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance (ignore), nor their lack of skills.
③It is worrying that many people are ignorant of the facts about global warming.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
有些人总是做自己喜欢做的事,却忽了别人的感受。
→Some people always do everything they like, but they ignore others’ feelings.(ignore vt.)
→Some people always do everything they like, but they are in ignorance of others’ feelings.(ignorance n.)
3.“It is+adj.+that...”句型
(教材原句)It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.
确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人,毕竟这是人的本性。
句型解构
本句中含有“It is+adj.+that从句”结构。
*(读后续写之神态描写)Judging from the expression on his face, it was obvious that he was excited at the news.
从他脸上的表情判断,很明显他听到这个消息很兴奋。
*It is well known that Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists of our country.
众所周知,屠呦呦是我国最伟大的科学家之一。
【名师点津】
(1)在“It is+adj.+that...”句型中,It替代后面that引导的主语从句作形式主语。可用于该句型的形容词有clear, obvious, true, possible, necessary, natural, important等。
(2)常见It作形式主语替代后面的从句的句型有:
①It is+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, one’s duty, no wonder...)+that从句
②It is+过去分词(said,reported,known,believed,announced,suggested,required...)+that从句
③It+不及物动词(happen, occur, appear, seem...)+that从句
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①It is necessary that you should call him as soon as you get home.
②It is believed (believe) that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.
③It happened that he was out when I paid a visit to him yesterday evening.
④It’s a shame that she isn’t here with us to enjoy the breathtaking scenery.
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。
It is important that we should speak politely.
②据报道,上个月这座城市的许多人都失业了。
It is reported that many people in the city lost their jobs last month.
③很遗憾,你错过了这样一个好的机会。
It’s a pity that you have missed such a good opportunity.
④我突然想到离开家之前没有锁前门。
It occurred to me that I hadn’t locked the front door before leaving the house.
词汇对接高考
单句写作
1.(2023·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.
通常,他们最终会用小石头填满该地区,并使用化学物质来控制杂草。
2.(2023·国乙卷·七选五)Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory.
它们不仅看起来漂亮,而且研究表明,它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康。
3.(2024·北京高考·阅读理解C)While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.
虽然他认为客观现实是存在的,但他说,我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知面起着必要的作用。
4.(2022·北京高考·完形填空)He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.
他没有试图走回家;他等待并信任(我)。
语法知识·精讲点拨
接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词的用法
(Verbs Followed by Verb-ing Form or Infinitive)
教材自主探究
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的用法
1.We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
2.I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
3.If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.
4.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
5.In short: Do not stop being curious.
6.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
7.If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
8.They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
9.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.
探究:
1.以上例句中哪些动词(短语)后跟动词-ing形式作宾语
suggest,keep,risk,end up,stop,cannot help
2.以上例句中哪些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式形式作宾语
need,attempt,try,refuse
语法精要点拨
　　接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词,即动词-ing(动名词)或不定式作动词的宾语,常见的这类动词(短语)有:
一、跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)
考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to, excuse/pardon,admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,deny,finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
*I suggest brushing up on the words which have been learnt in time.
我建议及时复习所学的单词。
*Looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
期待尽快收到你的来信。
*We are unlikely to finish cleaning the yard within ten minutes.
我们不可能在十分钟内把院子打扫完。
*I went out of the office to avoid arguing with him.
为了避免和他争论,我走出了办公室。
*In short, you shouldn’t risk losing the job.
总而言之,你不应该冒失去这份工作的风险。
*I couldn’t help laughing when I heard the story.
听到这个故事我忍不住笑了。
知识宽一度
(1)下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
*I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.
我永远也不会忘记听她唱那首歌时的情景。
*Don’t forget to capitalize the first letter in the sentence.
不要忘记把句子中的第一个字母大写。
*I regret wasting so much precious time in the past.
我后悔过去浪费了那么多宝贵的时间。
*I regret to tell you that you ignore the mistake you have made.
我很遗憾地告诉你,你忽视了你所犯的错误。
(2)在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
*We don’t allow arguing during the meeting.
我们不允许会议期间争吵。
*We don’t allow you to argue on such an important occasion.
我们不允许你们在这样重要的场合争吵。
(3)动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如:
*My study needs/requires/wants cleaning.
=My study needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.
我的书房该打扫了。
(4)it作形式宾语指代动词-ing形式(短语)
常见于“动词+it+no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worthwhile等+doing...”这一结构。
*I think it no use attempting to persuade him to change his mind.
我认为企图说服他改变主意没有用。
【知识深一度】
动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语时,其前可加动作的逻辑主语one’s/one,结构:one’s /one doing。
*His friend was angry about his/him being late.他的朋友因为他迟到而生气。
*Do you mind my/me opening the window
你介意我打开窗户吗
二、跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend
主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help
*I decide to take another approach to the problem.
我决定用另一种法来解决这个问题。
*I expect to leave a good impression on the guests.
我希望能给客人们留下好印象。
*Why do you choose to ask him questions at a time when he is unhappy
你为什么选择在他不高兴的时候问他问题
*The manager promised to promote her soon.
经理承诺不久给她升职。
知识宽一度
形式宾语it指代动词不定式短语
该用法常见于“find/ think/ feel/ consider/ believe/ make+it+形容词/名词(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.”这一结构。
*They considered it important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
*I feel it a great honour to be invited to attend your wedding.
能受邀参加你的婚礼我感到十分荣幸。
即学活用 单句语法填空
①You should avoid making (make) the same mistake next time.
②I shall never forget visiting (visit) the Great Wall for the first time.
③I think it everyone’s duty to obey (obey) the laws.
④I think it a waste of time waiting (wait) here doing nothing.
⑤Most computer users think it necessary for their software to be updated (update) regularly.
⑥The student admitted making (make) some mistakes in his homework because of his carelessness.
⑦It’s clear that the problem requires solving/to be solved (solve) without delay.
⑧He pretended to be studying (study)when his mother stepped into the room.
⑨They felt it difficult to finish (finish) the work in such a short time.
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·国甲卷·阅读填空)Basically,it means eating (eat) only as much food as your body needs.
2.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解D)If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see (see) which one helps you stick the landing.
3.(2024·国甲卷·语法填空)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2024·北京高考·阅读理解B)This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
这一次,我可以接受自己的局限,但要继续前进。
2.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解D)I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending.
我刚刚读完乔治·艾特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》,读到结尾我很伤心。
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空) I promised to take care of Tiffy and call them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
我答应会照顾好Tiffy,一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。
4.(2024·国甲卷·七选五)Avoid eating late at night.
避免在深夜吃得太晚。(共35张PPT)
书面表达·思维导引
阅读体验·能力深化
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 9　Learning
Part 4　Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
书面表达·思维导引
写一则学习反思(A Learning Reflection)
【文本研读】
Task 1文本概览·厘清结构
Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph 1:Reflections on my past 1.___________ about memory
Paragraph 2:2.___________ on what I’ve learnt from the lesson
Paragraph 3:What I can do to 3._________ my memory
knowledge
Reflections
improve
Task 2佳句品味·体会表达
表示反思的句子:
(1)When it comes to learning, everyone is not unfamiliar with it.
(2)I must say that there is no shortcut in learning English.
(3)I’m sure these methods will help me improve my learning.
【写作指导】
1.题型解读
①本单元的写作项目属于读后感写作。读后感指选择自己感受最深的东西,学会提炼和表述感想,能围绕感想展开较为充分的论证。发表感想时要密切联系实际,这是读后感的重要内容。
②写感想时要注意点面结合以及观点与材料的统一。要在所给原文的基础上发表议论,并由此及彼地联系现实生活中相似或相反的现象。写感想时用一般现在时为主,人称主要为第一人称。
2.锦囊妙计
　　感想的表述要明确、清晰、严密;感想的提炼与表述宜在首尾加以突出。
【语料积累】
1.教材词汇
(1)memorise 　　　　 vt.记住;熟记
(2)effectively adv.有效地
(3)recommend vt.推荐;建议
(4)context n.上下文;语境;背景
(5)acquire vt.学习,获得(知识,技能)
(6)brush up (on) 温习,复习
(7)reflect on 思考
(8)in short 总而言之
2.常用词块
(1)follow one’s advice　　　　 听从某人的建议
(2)make the most/best of 充分利用
(3)catch/get the main idea 抓住主旨
(4)improve learning efficiency 提高学习效率
(5)take the challenge 应对挑战
(6)develop the interest of 培养……的兴趣
(7)concentrate/focus on 注意力集中于
(8)devote/dedicate oneself to 致力于
3.话题句式
(1)开篇常用句型:
①After reading the book, I was deeply touched by the heroine’s story.
读完这本书后,我被女主人公的故事深深地打动了。
②Recently I read a book named How the Steel Was Tempered, which impressed me deeply.
最近我读了一本名为《钢铁是怎样炼成的》的书,给我留下了深刻的印象。
(2)主体段落常用句型
①My biggest problem is how to use the idioms in a proper context.我最大的难题是不知道怎么在合适的语境中使用习语。
②I have trouble in making sentences with Chinese words.我在用汉语词汇造句面有困难。
③It will be of great help for you to communicate more with the natives.
多和当地人交流会对你帮助很大。
④From my point of view, it would be a good idea if you watch Chinese TV programmes to improve your listening and speaking.
在我看来,要提高你的听说能力,看汉语电视节目是一个不错的主意。
(3)结尾常用句型:
①I think you can make it if you follow the above advice.
如果你听从以上建议, 我认为你会成功的。
②With your efforts, it’s certain that you will make progress in your Chinese study.
通过你的努力,你的汉语学习一定会取得进步。
③In conclusion, only when we keep proper distance can we feel comfortable with each other and our friendship last long as well.
总之,只有当我们保持适当的距离时,我们彼此相处才能感到舒适,我们的友谊才会长久。
【实践应用】
(2024·大连高一检测)
　　假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你利用寒假读完了外教Jim推荐的海明威的《老人与海》,请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.表达感谢并分享读书收获;
2.交流后续的英文书阅读计划。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
写作思维流
Step 1:谋篇布局
Step 2:遣词造句
1.谢谢你向我推荐英文小说《老人与海》。
_____________________________________________________________________
__________
2.读完这本书,我受益匪浅。
___________________________________________________
3.那个在大海中独自与大鱼和鲨鱼搏斗的老人激励着我勇敢地面对生活中的挫折。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the
Sea to me.
After I have finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.
The old man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires
me to face frustrations bravely in my life.
4.(一句多译)此外,我认识到,无论遇到什么困难,我们都要坚持自己的梦想。
→_________________________________________________________________
____________________________(no matter what)
→____________________________________________________________________
___________________(whatever)
5.至于我未来的阅读计划,我正在考虑探索海明威的其他小说。
_____________________________________________________________________
_______
6.如果你能给我更多的推荐,我将不胜感激。
__________________________________________________________
Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what
difficulty we may come across.
Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams whatever difficulty
we may come across.
As for my future reading plans, I’m considering exploring Hemingway’s other
novels.
I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations.
Step 3:句式升级
7.用v.-ing形式作状语改写句2
________________________________________________
Having finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.
Step 4:完美成篇
Dear Jim,
Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea to me.
Having finished reading the book, I’ve benefited a lot.The old man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to face frustrations bravely in my life.Besides, I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what difficulty we may come across.As for my future reading plans, I’m considering exploring Hemingway’s other novels.
I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations.
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ.阅读STUDYING ABROAD,完成下面的线索框架图
What difficulty Liu Bao has
　↓1._______________ in Australia.
What Liu Bao notices
　↓ Many Chinese students seem to only 2._________________________________.
What Li Ni dislikes about American culture
　↓3.______________.
How Li Ni gets food now
　↓4.___________________________________________________.
To make friends
spend time with their Chinese friends
American food
Cook at home or have dinner in a local Chinese restaurant
Why Chen Xin thinks some subjects are difficult
　↓Because she has to 5._______________________.
Where Martin studies language
　↓At 6.__________________________.
How Tina pays the bill in her country
　↓Split the bill and everyone 7.___________________.
How Tom thinks of his friend’s grandfather
　↓8.______.
read and write in English
a language college in Beijing
pays their own share
Kind
Ⅱ.阅读STUDYING ABROAD,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
1.Living in a foreign country is exciting and it’s easy to fit in with another culture.
( )
2.Liu Bao likes football and surfing.( )
3.Li Ni cooks at home or has dinner in a local Chinese restaurant.( )
4.Chen Xin’s spoken English is improving.( )
5.Martin wanted to teach English whenever he had a chance.( )
　F　
　F　
　T　
　T　
　F　
Ⅲ.阅读DO BOYS AND GIRLS HAVE DIFFERENT READING HABITS ,简要谈
谈你的认识(80 词左右)
　　___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
According to a study published by PISA, girls show more interests on reading
than boys. This is associated with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading. Boys enjoy
reading newspapers and comic books for pleasure. Girls prefer to read works of
fiction. Therefore, in training students’ reading habits and interests, we should
give corresponding guidance according to their reading habits.
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1.When acquiring new knowledge, I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt.
____________________,我会试着把新知识和我已经学过的知识联系起来。
2.I spent a few months studying at a language college in Beijing.
____在北京的一所语言大学______________。
3.However,not all countries had such an obvious trend.
然而,______________都有如此明显的趋势。
4.Girls were found to be twice as likely to enjoy works of fiction than boys.
研究发现,女孩欣赏小说作品的可能性______________。
在学习新知识的时候
我
学习了几个月
并非所有国家
是男孩的两倍
核心考点·探究内化
1.evidence n.证据,证明
(教材原句)While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged, the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do, is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.
虽然各种形式的阅读当然是有益的而且应该被鼓励,但为了享受而阅读的男孩数量很少,并且他们阅读时的选择也有限,这证明了一个需要解决的问题。
【精要必记】
(1)evident　　　 adj.明显的,明白的
It is/was evident (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)很清楚/显然……
(2)evidently adv.显然地,明显地
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time,
there’s _________ (evident) to suggest that these interests are changing.
②Midway through that busy weekend, three guys entered through the restaurant’s
doors _________(evident)looking for a seat and some food.
【美句·锻造】 词汇升级
The growing interest in history is very clear in the number of people visiting museums
and country houses.
→The growing interest in history is very ________ in the number of people visiting
museums and country houses.
evidence
evidently
evident
2.expose vt.使接触;使体验
(教材原句)Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.
各国需要考虑如何激发男孩对阅读的兴趣,并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。
【精要必记】
(1)expose...to...　 把……暴露在……,
使……接触……
expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事
(2)exposed adj.(指地)无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to 接触……;暴露于……中
(3)exposure n.暴露
【知识深一度】
expose...to和be exposed to中的to是介词,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①We want to expose the kids ___ as much art and culture as possible to increase their
knowledge and broaden their horizons.
②Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of
_________ (expose) to radiation.
③Standing on the top of the hill, he was exposed to _________ (hit) by the lightning.
to
exposure
being hit
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句型转换
①毋容置疑,暴露在极端温度和天气条件下会损坏手机。
There is no doubt that ________________ extreme temperatures and weather
conditions will damage cell phones.
②If you are exposed to direct sunlight too much, it will get you sunburnt.
→________________________________, you will get sunburnt.
being exposed to
Exposed to direct sunlight too much
3.that引导同位语从句
(教材原句)A closer look at the reading tests shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this is associated with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading.
仔细看看阅读测试,你会发现一个有趣的事实:女孩在阅读面比男孩表现得好,这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关。
句型解构
本句中that引导同位语从句。
(1)连词 that 引导同位语从句时,常跟在某些抽象名词,如 fact、hope、desire、thought、suggestion、idea、news、problem、possibility、chance、plan、question等之后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。
(2)在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、request等)后面的同位语从句要用“(should+)do”表示虚拟语气。
(3)同位语从句也可以由连接代词who、what、whose、which和连接副词how、when、where、why或连词whether来引导。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The idea _____ you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
②(读后续写之心理描写)I couldn’t bear the thought _____ these forests would be lost
forever.
③He must answer the question _________ he agrees with the proposal or not.
④The question _____ will take his place is still not clear.
that
that
whether
who
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news _________________________ soon spread over the whole school.
②他不知道她为什么不辞而别。
He had no idea _______________ without saying goodbye to anyone.
that they had won the game
why she had left(共7张PPT)
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
Unit 9　Learning
主题语境:人与社会之学习
学习目标·素养导向
主题阅读·话题导入
【单元名句赏析】
1.If you don’t want to waste your life in the world, you have to study all your life.
—Golgi
如果不想在世界上虚度一生,那就要学习一辈子。
——高尔基
2.To live is to learn; to learn is not to live.
—Bacon
活着就要学习;学习不是为了活着。
——培根
3.Successful teaching is not compulsory, but the desire to stimulate students.
—Tolstoy
成功的教学所需要的不是强制,而是激发学生的欲望。
——托尔斯泰
【主题语段赏记】
1.As Bacon said,“knowledge is power”, students should expose themselves to all kinds of learning resources and acquire as much knowledge as possible.
2.To get good grades, you are supposed to spare time to brush up on what you have learned periodically and take effective strategies to improve your learning efficiency.
3.To learn English well, it is advisable to memorise as many new words as you can and read simplified English short novels and stories.(共97张PPT)
必备知识·认知导学
文本阅读·语篇研析
核心考点·探究内化
Unit 9　Learning
Part 2　Lesson 1
语法知识·精讲点拨
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.the outer voice 　　　　________声音
2.dinosaur bones ______骨骼
3.an ___________function of the body 一种自主的身体功能
4.the _______voice 内在的声音
5.have enough ______to support their views 有足够的数据支持他们的观点
外在的
恐龙
automatic
inner
data
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1. _______ vi.&vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映→reflection n.(光、热或声音的)
反射;(反射出来的)影像,倒影;深思
2. _______vi.争论,争吵→argument n.争论,争吵;论据,理由;辩论,讨论
3. ________ vt.认为;假定,假设→assumption n.假定,假设;获得,承担
→assuming conj.假如
4. ________ adj.灵活的,可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地;柔软地;有弹性地
→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性,柔性
reflect
argue
assume
flexible
5. _________vt.促进,增进→promotion n.促进;提升
6.likely adj.可能发生的→_________adj.不大可能的→likeliness n.可能性
7. _____ vi.存在;实际上有→existence n.存在,实有;生存→existing adj.现存的,现行
的
8. _______ vt.忽视;置之不理→ignorance n.无知,愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的,(对某事
物)不了解的
9.impress v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象→___________n.印象;感想→___________
adj.给人印象深刻的,令人钦佩的
promote
unlikely
exist
ignore
impression
impressive
【词缀串记】
un-否定前缀,常用于形容词或动词前构成否定意思。例如:
un-+likely→unlikely　　　 不大可能的
usual→________ 不寻常的
common→___________ 不普通的
important→____________ 不重要的
tidy→_______ 不整洁的
dress→________ 脱衣
cover→________　 揭露
load→_______ 卸下
lock→_______ 开……的锁
unusual
uncommon
unimportant
untidy
undress
uncover
unload
unlock
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1. _______________　　注意;重视
2. ___________ 这样;用这种法
3. ______________ 做决定;下决心
4. _____________ 同意,和……意见一致
5. _____________ 以……为根据
6. __________ 思考
7. ___________ 争吵
8. ________ 总而言之;简单地说
pay attention to
in this way
make decisions
agree with
be based on...
reflect on
argue with
in short
9. __________ 尝试
10. ____________ 参加,参与
11.as well ________
12.all by oneself __________
13.get in the way __________
14.focus on _____________________
15.end up doing __________
16.work out __________________
17.at the heart of... _____________
18.miss out on ______
attempt to
take part in
同样;也
独立,单独
阻碍,妨碍
集中(注意力、精力)于
最后;最终
弄懂某事物;计算出
在……的中心
错过
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions,while the outer voice tells you
about opinions from what you hear or read.(while连接两个并列分句)
译文:你内心的声音表达你的个人意见,___________________________________
__________。
2.Instead,active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is
saying,not on what their brain is saying in the background.(第一个what引导宾语从句)
译文:相反,主动学习者是开放的,专注于________________________,而不是自己的
大脑在背景中说的话。
而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读
到的观点
说话人或者作者所说的话
3.If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.(状语从句的省)
译文:__________,至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。
4.If you try to find out the source of an idea,no matter how crazy it seems, you will
increase your chance of learning something.(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
译文:如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,________________________________,你都
更有机会学到一些东西。
5.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature,
after all.(It is+adj.+that从句)
译文: __________________________,毕竟这是人的本性。
如果没有
无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议
确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人
文本阅读·语篇研析
【新课导入】
Answer the following questions.
1.What’s your favourite subject Why do you like it best
My favourite subject is physics.I like it best because it can make me learn about how things work and inspires me to explore the mystery of the universe and nature.
2.What do you think students should do in class
First of all, we should listen to the teacher attentively in case we miss out on important points.Secondly, take notes if necessary.Moreover, it is advisable for us to take an active part in discussion or group work.Last but not least, think actively and ask questions about what you can’t understand.
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Para.1:What is (1) _______ learning
Para.2:Listen to the (2) ______ voice.
Para.3:Argue with your (3) ______ voice.
Para.4: Ask (4) __________.
Para.5:Get to the (5) ______.
Para.6:(6) _________ the message.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
______________________________________________
active
outer
inner
questions
truth
Focus on
The passage is mainly about what active learning is.
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question.
What’s active learning
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and fill in the blanks.
1.There are two kinds of voices: the _______voice and the outer voice.
2.The inner voice expresses your (1) _________ opinions, while the outer voice tells
you about opinions from what you (2) ____________.
Active learning means learners take an active part in the learning process
and reflect on what has been learned.
inner
personal
hear or read
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and answer the following question.
How can you argue with your inner voice
When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right.
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and answer the following question.
Why does the author suggest asking questions
Because if you ask questions, the answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
Ⅴ.Read Para.5 carefully and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A.Not every idea is based on truth.
B.It’s unlikely that dinosaurs still exist today.
C.To find out the source of an idea is crazy.
D.Active learners don’t accept everything they learn.
Ⅵ.Read Para.6 carefully and judge the following statements true or false.
1.People are usually unwilling to learn from those who they dislike. (　 　)
2.Active learners don’t judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.(　 　)
3.Our friends are always right in everything.(　 　)
Ⅶ.Read the whole passage again and choose the best answer.
What can we learn from the passage
A.We should take an active role in learning.
B.Inner voice is more important than outer voice.
C.Getting to the truth is the easiest way to promote active learning.
D.It’s impossible for us to learn something from the people we don’t like.
T
T
F
Task 3阅读升华·拓展思维
1.How can we become active learners
In order to be an active learner,we should do as follows:Listen to the outer voice;Argue with our inner voice;Ask questions;Get to the truth;Focus on the message.
2.Which of the suggestions in the passage do you think is the most useful for you Why
I think “Argue with your inner voice” is the most useful,because it makes me consider the other side of the argument.
Task 4语篇总结·主题深化
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
　　While sometimes the human brain can learn all by itself, we need to 1. ________
(active) take part in the learning process and to reflect on 2. ______ we have learnt.
We are supposed to take an active role in our learning.
actively
what
　　Your inner voice 3. _________ (express) your personal opinions.If you pay too
much attention to your inner voice, you will risk 4. ________(miss) important
information.Active learners are open-minded, and they are in a better position to make
5. _________ (decide).If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue
6. _____ it as most active learners do.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end
up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.What’s more, asking questions is the
7. ________(easy) way to promote active learning.The answers will lead you to further
learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher
level of understanding.
expresses
missing
decisions
with
easiest
　　Active learners attempt 8. ________(find) the truth at the heart of each idea.Try
to find out the source of an idea,9._____ you will increase your chance of learning
something.In addition,active learners do not judge people 10. ______ (base) on first
impressions or personal feelings.We needn’t assume that some people are always right
because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
to find
and
based
Task 5长句难句·释疑解难
1.If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will
increase your chance of learning something.
[句式分析]此句是主从复合句,If引导__________从句,no matter how引导
__________从句。
[自主翻译]__________________________________________________________
______________________________
条件状语
让步状语
如果你试图找出一个想法的来源,无论这个想法看起来多么不可思
议,你都更有机会学到一些东西。
2.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always
right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
[句式分析]此句是主从复合句,句中破折号后的句子对前面所说情况进行了补充说
明,其中that引导______从句,or连接并列______状语,because of后who引导______从
句,第二个because引导__________从句。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________________
__________________________
宾语
原因
宾语
原因状语
反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋
友就认为他们总是正确的。
核心考点·探究内化
1.reflect vi.&vt.仔细思考;表达(意见);反映
(教材原句)We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过并反思学到的东西。
【精要必记】
(1)reflect...in...　 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在;反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/反省某事
(2)reflection n.反射;反映;映像
on reflection 经再三考虑,仔细考虑
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The water is so clear that you can see your __________(reflect) in it.
②His image seemed to be reflected many times ___ the mirror.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①每当听贝多芬的交响乐的时候,我总会思考人生。
I always _____________when listening to Beethoven’s symphony.
②他的生活哲学和抱负都反映在他的作品中。
His life philosophy and his aspiration _______________his works.
reflection
in
reflect on life
are reflected in
2.argue vi.争论,争吵vt.辩论,证明;说理
(教材原句)If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制,可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
【精要必记】
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论
argue that... 主张/认为……
argue for/against... 为赞成/反对……而辩论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.争论,辩论;论据,论点,理由
have an argument
beyond argument 无可争辩
【活用·练透】
用argue相关短语的适当形式填空
①Do what you are told and don’t ___________me.
②We __________________the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad
for middle school students.
argue with
argued about/over
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/一句多译
①我认为我能说服老板采纳这个计划。
I think I can __________________________the plan.
②我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。
→We ___________________________________of the meal. (argue)
→We ___________________________________________of the meal.(argument)
argue my boss into adapting
argued with the waiter about the price
had an argument with the waiter about the price
3.assume vt.认为;假定,假设
(读后续写之神态描写)He contented himself by assuming an air of superiority.
他表现出一副高高在上的样子,以获得自我满足。
【精要必记】
(1)assume sb./sth.to be　 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设/假定……
(2)assumption n.假定,假设
make an assumption 认为;假定
on the assumption that... 假定……;在假定……的情况下
【知识延伸】
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有:
①considering 　　 prep.& conj.鉴于,考虑到
②given　　　 prep.鉴于,考虑到
③including prep.包括,包含
④supposing conj.假设,假如
⑤provided/providing conj.假如,如果
⑥concerning prep.关于
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I assume him ______ (be) the most intelligent student in the class.
②People tend to make an ____________(assume) about you based on your appearance.
③__________(assume) it rains tomorrow, shall we put off the sports meeting
④____ the assumption that climate change is caused by human activities, it is crucial
to reduce carbon emissions.
【美句·锻造】 句型转换
People generally assume that stress is caused by too much work.
→ _________________________ stress is caused by too much work.
to be
assumption
Assuming
On
It is generally assumed that
【补偿训练】 单句语法填空
①____________ (consider) he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
②_______(give) her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
③I will agree to go __________________(provide) that my expenses are paid.
④I enjoyed the great benefit of his instructions ___________(concern) the matter.
Considering
Given
provided/providing
concerning
4.end up doing 最后;最终
(教材原句)Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
(应用文之建议信)I assume that if you work like this, you’ll end up with a bright future.
我想如果你这样工作下去,你会有一个光明的未来。
【精要必记】
(1)end up with 　　 以……结束
end up as 结果成为……
(2)bring/put sth. to an end=bring/put an end to sth. 使某事结束
come to an end 结束
in the end 最后;终于
at the end of 在……尽头
by the end of 截止到……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If you don’t know what you want, you might end up ________(get) something you
don’t want.
②We started with soup, and fruit to end up _____.
③They have managed to end up ___ partners in their new business.
④The committee brought their meeting ___ an end after two hours.
⑤____ the end of last month, they collected enough data for their research.
getting
with
as
to
At
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①颁奖仪式到此结束。
Now the award ceremony has ______________.
②到假期结束时,我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
_______________________________, I had spent all my money.
come to an end
By the end of the holiday/vacation
5.work out 弄懂某事物;计算出;做运动;解答
(教材原句)The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习,探究问题的过有助于你更好地理解该主题。
(读后续写之动作描写)When I visited him, he was working on a kite.
我去拜访他的时候,他正在做风筝。
【精要必记】
work on　　 从事……;努力说服……
work at 从事/致力于……
out of work 失业
at work 在工作中
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He says you’re fired if you’re not back ___ work on Friday.
②This won’t stop us from starting to work ____ the project on time.
③Only if you work hard ___ your lessons can you get good grades.
at
on
at
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①对于那些失业的人而言,就业市场的信息可谓是他们的生命线。
Information about the job market can be a lifeline for those who are ___________.
②事情没有像计划的那样发展。
Things didn’t ___________________.
out of work
work out as planned
6.attempt to 尝试
(教材原句)They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从每个观点最核心的地寻找真相。
【精要必记】
(1)attempt sth.　　 尝试某事
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
in an attempt at sth./to do sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj.未遂的
知识宽一度
　　 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,意为“试图做某事”,但不一定成功;
而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He succeeded in passing the driving test ___ the first attempt.
②He dived his hand into his pocket ___ an attempt to find the key.
③Scientists think they have broken through in their attempt _______ (find) the causes
of many major diseases.
④Fisher was put into prison last night, charged with ___________(attempt) murder.
at
in
to find
attempted
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他试图通过考试,但这太难了。
→He _________________the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt vt.)
→He _______________________the exam, but it was too difficult.(attempt n.)
attempted to pass
made an attempt to pass
7.be based on...以……为根据
(教材原句)Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使某个想法听起来完不可能,其中也可能有某个面是基于事实的。
(读后续写之人物描写)In the hope of becoming a great basketball player, he trained hard on a daily basis.
为了成为一名伟大的篮球运动员,他每天都刻苦训练。
【精要必记】
(1)base 　　　 v.以……为据点
n.基地;基础
base sth.on/upon sth. 以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础;原因
on the basis of 以……为根据
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
[易混辨析]base & basis
base 多用来表示具体有形事物的“底部,根基”
basis 用来表示抽象无形的“基础,原因”
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Both countries agreed that normal relations would be based ____non-interference
in each other’s internal affairs.
②_______(base) on the Long March, the article is very moving.
③It’s necessary to raise the wages ____the basis of increasing production.
on
Based
on
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/句式升级
①(应用文之建议信)为了保持健康,我建议你定期锻炼身体。
To keep healthy, I suggest you should work out _________________.
②The movie is very popular because it is based on the best-selling novel.
→____________________________, the movie is very popular.(过去分词短语作状语)
【补偿训练】 选词填空 (base/basis)
①The lamp has a heavy _____.
②The ______of a good marriage is trust.
on a regular basis
Based on the best-selling novel
base
basis
8.exist vi.存在;实际上有
(教材原句)So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this.
因此,如果有人说现在还有恐龙,那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。
(应用文之学校介绍)Our school came into existence in 1956 and has a history of about 70 years.
我们学校始建于1956年,至今已有约70年的历史。
【精要必记】
(1)exist in　　　　 存在于……(相当于 lie in)
exist on 依靠……生存;依靠……生活
(2)existence n.存在;生存
come into existence 开始存在;产生;成立
go out of existence 不复存在;完消失
in existence 存在的;现存的;现有的
(3)existing adj.现行的;现存的
【知识深一度】
exist是不及物动词,不用于被动语态,通常不用进行时。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①So scientists are trying their best to save the endangered species from going out
of __________(exist).
②It is officially announced that any new building must be fitted into the _________
(exist) appearance of the city.
③It was said that this was the only copy of the book ___ existence.
④The old man found it difficult to exist ____ his pension alone.
⑤The car wouldn’t start.After careful examination, he found the troubles existed ___
the engine.
existence
existing
in
on
in
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的,科学家们有多种论说。
Scientists have many theories about how the universe first _______________________.
came into existence/being
9.impression n.印象;感想
(教材原句)Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。
(应用文之旅游)We were deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.
我们被西湖的美景深深地打动了。
【精要必记】
(1)leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.　 给某人留下……的印象
(2)impress v.给……留下深刻印象;使钦佩
impress sb.with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth.on/upon sb. 使某人铭记/意识到某事
be impressed with/by... 　对……有深刻印象
be impressed on one’s mind/memory 被印在某人的脑海/记忆里
(3)impressive adj.令人印象深刻的;令人赞叹的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Nicholas left Crusoe a very deep ___________(impress) because he did the right
things in the dangerous situation.
②The movie was so ___________(impress) that I couldn’t help crying.
③I often impress the importance of hard work ____ my students.
④His father always cheers him up and impresses him ______the value of never giving
up.
impression
impressive
on
with
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他在会议上的发言给观众留下了深刻的印象。
→His speech at the conference ____________________________the audience.
(impression n.)
→The audience ____________________________his speech at the conference.
(impress v.)
made/left a deep impression on
was/were deeply impressed by
10.while连接两个并列分句
(教材原句)Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人意见,而外部的声音告诉你关于你听到或者读到的观点。
句型解构
　　本句中while为并列连词,意为“然而”。
*I like playing football while he is fond of listening to music.
我喜欢踢足球而他喜欢听音乐。
*(读后续写之人物描写)While it was cold outside, he continued working.虽然外面冷,但他仍然继续工作。
*(读后续写之天气描写)While I was walking on the road, it suddenly rained heavily.
我正在路上走着,天突然下起了大雨。
【名师点津】while用法集锦
(1)while意为“当……的时候,和……同时”时引导时间状语从句。
(2)while意为“虽然,尽管”时引导让步状语从句,常位于句首。
(3)while意为“而……,然而……”(对比两件事物)时用来连接两个并列分句,强调前后对比,常位于句中。
[易混辨析]
while/when/as引导时间状语从句
while 表示一段时间和某一过,必须跟延续性动词
when 既可以表示时间段,也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的,也可为持续性的
as 表示两个动作同时进行,有时有伴随意味,可译为“一边……一边……”
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①The boy is good at physics _______his sister does well in English.
②____________ I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①虽然我认识他已经很长时间了,但我对他并不了解。
______________________________________________________
②他正在做演讲的时候,有人打开了门。
___________________________________________________
③晚饭后他出去散步了,而我待在家里。
__________________________________________________
while
While/When
While I’ve known him for a long time, I don’t know him well.
Someone opened the door while he was making his speech.
After supper, he went for a walk while I stayed at home.
【补偿训练】
1.选词填空 (while/when/as)
①He looked behind ___ he walked.
②_______ I got home, Mom was preparing lunch.
③She was doing housework ______ her little brother was playing his toy.
as
When
while
2.完成句子
①下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
_____________________________________next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
②当他沿着河散步的时候,听到一个小男孩正喊救命。
__________________________________________, he heard a young boy calling for
help.
③我边沿河岸边走边唱英文歌。
I sang an English song ___________________________.
When the manager comes here for a visit
While/When/As he was walking along the river
as I went along the river bank
【要点拾遗】
1.unlikely adj.不大可能的
(读后续写之人物描写)His right foot was injured, so people thought it was unlikely that he could finish the race.
他的右脚受伤了,所以人们认为他不太可能完成比赛。
(应用文之演讲稿)Next, students lacking self-control are likely to ignore the teacher and absorb themselves in games or videos.其次,缺乏自制力的学生很可能会忽视老师,沉浸于游戏或视频。
【精要必记】
(1)likely 　　　adj.可能的adv.很可能
It is likely that ...= Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth. 很可能……
be likely/unlikely to do sth. 很可能/不大可能做某事
(2)not likely 决不可能;绝对不会
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①If one is late for a job interview, ___ is unlikely that he/she will get the job because
no one likes a person who doesn’t respect punctuality (守时).
②But nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem
________ (likely) to survive in the environment of high temperatures.
it
unlikely
【美句·锻造】 句型转换/完成句子
①The company will be likely to go bankrupt(破产) if they don’t cut costs.
→______________ the company will go bankrupt if they don’t cut costs.
②如果天气不好,我们很可能会取消这次足球比赛。
If the weather is bad, ______________________________we will cancel the football
match.
It is likely that
it is likely/possible/probable that
2.ignore vt.忽视;置之不理
(教材原句)They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们说的内容。
(读后续写之心理描写)For the first time in my life there was a ray of hope that I did not have to remain ignorant for the rest of my life.这是我人生中第一次有一线希望,我不必在我的余生中保持无知。
【精要必记】
(1)ignorance 　　　n.[U] 无知
in ignorance of 无知
(2)ignorant adj.(人)无知的;无教养的;不知道的
be ignorant of 对……不知道
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①His _________(ignore) behaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.
②The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their __________(ignore),
nor their lack of skills.
③It is worrying that many people are ignorant ___ the facts about global warming.
ignorant
ignorance
of
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
有些人总是做自己喜欢做的事,却忽了别人的感受。
→Some people always do everything they like, but they
____________________.(ignore vt.)
→Some people always do everything they like, but they __________________
______________.(ignorance n.)
ignore others’ feelings
are in ignorance of
others’ feelings
3.“It is+adj.+that...”句型
(教材原句)It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.
确实,我们难免会讨厌某些人,毕竟这是人的本性。
句型解构
本句中含有“It is+adj.+that从句”结构。
*(读后续写之神态描写)Judging from the expression on his face, it was obvious that he was excited at the news.
从他脸上的表情判断,很明显他听到这个消息很兴奋。
*It is well known that Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists of our country.
众所周知,屠呦呦是我国最伟大的科学家之一。
【名师点津】
(1)在“It is+adj.+that...”句型中,It替代后面that引导的主语从句作形式主语。可用于该句型的形容词有clear, obvious, true, possible, necessary, natural, important等。
(2)常见It作形式主语替代后面的从句的句型有:
①It is+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, one’s duty, no wonder...)+that从句
②It is+过去分词(said,reported,known,believed,announced,suggested,required...)+that从句
③It+不及物动词(happen, occur, appear, seem...)+that从句
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①It is necessary _____you should call him as soon as you get home.
②It is _________(believe) that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.
③___ happened that he was out when I paid a visit to him yesterday evening.
④It’s ___ shame that she isn’t here with us to enjoy the breathtaking scenery.
that
believed
It
a
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。
________________________________________
②据报道,上个月这座城市的许多人都失业了。
___________________________________________________________
③很遗憾,你错过了这样一个好的机会。
__________________________________________________
④我突然想到离开家之前没有锁前门。
____________________________________________________________________
It is important that we should speak politely.
It is reported that many people in the city lost their jobs last month.
It’s a pity that you have missed such a good opportunity.
It occurred to me that I hadn’t locked the front door before leaving the house.
词汇对接高考
单句写作
1.(2023·浙江1月高考·阅读理解D)Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small
stones and using chemicals to control weeds.
通常,他们__________________________,并使用化学物质来控制杂草。
2.(2023·国乙卷·七选五)Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that
they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and
helping their memory.
它们不仅看起来漂亮,而且研究表明,它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助
增强记忆力来________________。
最终会用小石头填满该地区
促进人们的健康
3.(2024·北京高考·阅读理解C)While he held the notion that objective reality exists,
he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.
虽然他认为__________________,但他说,我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知
面起着必要的作用。
4.(2022·北京高考·完形填空)He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and
trusted.
他没有____________;他等待并信任(我)。
客观现实是存在的
试图走回家
语法知识·精讲点拨
接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词的用法
(Verbs Followed by Verb-ing Form or Infinitive)
教材自主探究
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的用法
1.We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.
2.I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
3.If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.
4.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
5.In short: Do not stop being curious.
6.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
7.If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
8.They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
9.It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.
探究:
1.以上例句中哪些动词(短语)后跟动词-ing形式作宾语
_____________________________________
2.以上例句中哪些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式形式作宾语
_____________________
suggest,keep,risk,end up,stop,cannot help
need,attempt,try,refuse
语法精要点拨
　　接动词-ing形式或不定式的动词,即动词-ing(动名词)或不定式作动词的宾语,常见的这类动词(短语)有:
一、跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)
考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to, excuse/pardon,admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,deny,finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
*I suggest brushing up on the words which have been learnt in time.
我建议及时复习所学的单词。
*Looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
期待尽快收到你的来信。
*We are unlikely to finish cleaning the yard within ten minutes.
我们不可能在十分钟内把院子打扫完。
*I went out of the office to avoid arguing with him.
为了避免和他争论,我走出了办公室。
*In short, you shouldn’t risk losing the job.
总而言之,你不应该冒失去这份工作的风险。
*I couldn’t help laughing when I heard the story.
听到这个故事我忍不住笑了。
知识宽一度
(1)下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
*I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.
我永远也不会忘记听她唱那首歌时的情景。
*Don’t forget to capitalize the first letter in the sentence.
不要忘记把句子中的第一个字母大写。
*I regret wasting so much precious time in the past.
我后悔过去浪费了那么多宝贵的时间。
*I regret to tell you that you ignore the mistake you have made.
我很遗憾地告诉你,你忽视了你所犯的错误。
(2)在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
*We don’t allow arguing during the meeting.
我们不允许会议期间争吵。
*We don’t allow you to argue on such an important occasion.
我们不允许你们在这样重要的场合争吵。
(3)动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如:
*My study needs/requires/wants cleaning.
=My study needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.
我的书房该打扫了。
(4)it作形式宾语指代动词-ing形式(短语)
常见于“动词+it+no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worthwhile等+doing...”
这一结构。
*I think it no use attempting to persuade him to change his mind.
我认为企图说服他改变主意没有用。
【知识深一度】
动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语时,其前可加动作的逻辑主语one’s/one,结构:one’s /one doing。
*His friend was angry about his/him being late.
他的朋友因为他迟到而生气。
*Do you mind my/me opening the window
你介意我打开窗户吗
二、跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,
manage,care,pretend
主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan,
agree, ask/beg, help
*I decide to take another approach to the problem.
我决定用另一种法来解决这个问题。
*I expect to leave a good impression on the guests.
我希望能给客人们留下好印象。
*Why do you choose to ask him questions at a time when he is unhappy
你为什么选择在他不高兴的时候问他问题
*The manager promised to promote her soon.
经理承诺不久给她升职。
知识宽一度
形式宾语it指代动词不定式短语
该用法常见于“find/ think/ feel/ consider/ believe/ make+it+形容词/名词(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.”这一结构。
*They considered it important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
*I feel it a great honour to be invited to attend your wedding.
能受邀参加你的婚礼我感到十分荣幸。
即学活用 单句语法填空
①You should avoid ________(make) the same mistake next time.
②I shall never forget ________(visit) the Great Wall for the first time.
③I think it everyone’s duty ________(obey) the laws.
④I think it a waste of time ________(wait) here doing nothing.
⑤Most computer users think it necessary for their software _____________ (update)
regularly.
⑥The student admitted ________(make) some mistakes in his homework because of
his carelessness.
making
visiting
to obey
waiting
to be updated
making
⑦It’s clear that the problem requires __________________ (solve) without delay.
⑧He pretended ______________(study)when his mother stepped into the room.
⑨They felt it difficult _________(finish) the work in such a short time.
solving/to be solved
to be studying
to finish
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·国甲卷·阅读填空)Basically,it means _______(eat) only as much food as
your body needs.
2.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解D)If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six
techniques you can try _______(see) which one helps you stick the landing.
3.(2024·国甲卷·语法填空)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,
the national parks, in particular, tend _________(catch) our attention because of their
large size and variety.
eating
to see
to catch
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2024·北京高考·阅读理解B)This time around, I can accept my limitations but
___________.
这一次,我可以接受自己的局限,但要继续前进。
2.(2024·国甲卷·阅读理解D)I _______________________The Mill on the Floss
by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending.
我刚刚读完乔治·艾特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》,读到结尾我很伤心。
keep going
had just finished reading
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空) I _______________________Tiffy and call them as
soon as we got to Kansas City.
我答应会照顾好Tiffy,一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。
4.(2024·国甲卷·七选五) ________________ at night.
避免在深夜吃得太晚。
promised to take care of
Avoid eating late(共18张PPT)
深挖教材·素材积累
续写进阶·技能点拨
Unit 9　Learning
读后续写高分进阶
深挖教材·素材积累
教材美句背诵
1.If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.(P53)
如果你一直过于关注它,就可能错过重要信息。
2.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.(P53)
灵活处理你的意见,你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。
3.That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.(P62)也就是说,我们大多数人在试图记住事物时都必须付出努力。
4.What’s more, it is amazing to know how a person’s memory changes with age.(P62)
更重要的是,知道一个人的记忆力是如何随着年龄的增长而变化的,真是令人惊讶。
5.Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it.(P62)了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅要了解有关它的事实,还要了解提高它的法。
6.In addition, it is important for me to make plans for the work I need to do.(P62)此外,对我来说,为我需要做的工作制订计划是很重要的。
教材佳句品鉴
一、品衔接之顺
Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.But this isn’t always true.
品鉴:But是并列连词,连接两个句子。上句说很多人认为人类大脑是“自动运行的”,那意味着大脑能自动学习。下句说并非总是如此,上下句之间是转折关系。
仿写提升 完成句子
她认为这次考试不及格。但事实上她考得很好。
She thought she failed the exam this time.__________________________.
But in fact, she did very well
二、品句式之美
Yet,there are some people who do have amazing memories.
品鉴:句中“do have”是强调谓语动词的表达式,表示有些人确实有惊人的记忆。英语中要强调谓语动词,可以根据时态和人称的具体情况,在动词前加do, does或did。
仿写提升 完成句子
我真的相信你能在英语上取得更大进步。
I __________ you can make greater progress in English.
do believe
三、品描写之韵
I’m sure these methods will help me improve my learning.(心理描写)
品鉴:I’m sure...常用来表示说话人对某种情况的把握度或自信心,此处表明,作者相信这些法或打算会帮助他/她提高自己的学习。
仿写提升 完成句子
我相信,只要力以赴,永不放弃,我的梦想一定会实现。
__________ as long as I go all out and never give up, my dream will surely come true.
I am sure
续写进阶·技能点拨
环境描写——花果树木
一、主题词汇
flower 花　bud苞,花蕾　lily 百合花　blossom花朵,花簇　 sunflower向日葵　 rose 玫瑰　grassland 草原/草地　 weed 杂草　apple苹果　 orange 橘子　peach 桃子　banana 香蕉　lemon 柠檬　pineapple 凤梨,菠萝 tree树　forest 森林　wilderness 野地　willow 柳树　 treetop 树梢　 leaf 叶子　fragrance芬芳 rare 稀少的　ripe成熟的　bright 艳丽的
withered 枯萎的;凋谢的　beautiful美丽的
faded枯萎的　towering高耸的　delicate娇嫩的　charming迷人的;吸引人的　mouth-watering 垂涎欲滴的　flourishing茂盛的　colorful多彩的
二、主题词块
1.a grassy bank　　　　　 草坡
2.cut the grass 割草
3.a lawn with overgrown grass 杂草丛生的草地
4.a bunch of flowers 一束花
5.in flower/blossom 开花
6.be surrounded by trees 树木环绕
7.the knotty roots of the old oak tree
盘根错节的老橡树根
8.fallen /dead leaves 落/枯叶
9.come into leaf 吐芽长叶
10.in bud 在发芽
11.die/wither away 枯萎
三、主题句式
1.The trees turn green and all the flowers are in bud.树木变绿,花朵含苞待放。
2.Flowers of all sorts are blooming in a riot of colour.
百花盛开,万紫千红。
3.The green grass withers and yellows.
绿草干枯发黄。
4.A shower of leaves fell towards the ground.
落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。
5.The garden blazed with colour.
花园里姹紫嫣红。
6.The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
风把落叶从地上吹得飘了起来。
7.The maple that stands across the drive had just come into leaf.
车道对面那棵枫树刚吐新叶。
8.The tree stood out from the rest of the landscape, bathed in a bright magical light.
这棵树沐浴在一片明亮魔幻般的光芒中,从风景的其他部分中脱颖而出。
9.The tree stood ghost-like, the silent observer of the snow mountains, the river and the clouds.
那棵树像幽灵似的站着,静静地观察着雪山、河流和云朵。
10.We hurried on until we reached a courtyard overgrown with weeds.
我们匆匆赶路,来到一个野草丛生的院子。
11.I love the fall because the spring buds are transformed into rich autumn fruits.
我钟情于秋天,因为春天的花蕾已化作秋天丰硕的果实。
12.The following summer the peach tree was laden with fruit.
第二年夏天,桃树上结满了果实。
情境应用
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.The flowers in the park are ___________(花开了), which attract a lot of visitors to
appreciate them.
2.On Teachers’ Day, the whole class offered _________________ (一束花) to
Professor Zhang.
3.The peach flowers are _______ (含苞待放), and there is the bright dew on them.
4.Seeing that the peach trees ___________________(硕果累累), we felt a sense of
satisfaction and pride.
5.The flowers in Isabel’s room had _______________________(枯萎了).
in blossom
a bunch of flowers
in bud
were laden with fruit
withered away/died away
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.花开始绽放了。
________________________________
2.这座庭院杂草丛生。
_________________________________
3.我环视四周,却发现自己在绿树丛中。
_________________________________________________
4.田野里百花盛开,万紫千红。
_________________________________________________
The flowers are starting to blossom.
The yard was overgrown with weeds.
I looked around and found myself surrounded by trees.
The flowers in the field are blooming in a riot of colour.
5.新栽的果树正在茁壮成长,其中一些已经吐芽。
_________________________________________________________________
The young fruit trees are growing well, some of which have come into leaf.
Ⅲ.片段续写
根据以上所讲内容,从“花果树木”中任选一个来描述,写一篇80词左右的短文。
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
The tree stood tall and straight from the grassland. Its pink blossom blew
away with a large gust of wind like a graceful dancer.The new leaves sparkled
with the morning dew.The treetops reached high above the ground, almost
touching the sky.The thin branches were swaying easily, green leaves flapping
around uncontrollably.A little bird was sitting on one of the highest branches,
seemingly appreciating the blossoming flowers.The tree stood out from the rest
of the landscape, bathed in a bright magical light. Unit 9　Learning
Part 1　Topic Talk
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.your learning approach to English 你学习英语的法
2.take part in musical activities 参加音乐活动
3.work with a partner 与搭档一起工作
4.establish a good foundation for the next year为来年打下良好的基础
5.a process of learning 学习的过
6.revise for an English exam 为英语考试复习
7.brush up on some language points 温习一些语言要点
8.surprise us with your amazing memory用你惊人的记忆力给我们惊喜
9.prefer to study alone in a quiet place 更喜欢一个人在安静的地学习
10.concentrate and keep the details straight in my head
集中精力,把细节直接记在我的脑海里
Ⅱ.根据情境和提示完成对话
W: Hi Simon.I hope you like our school!
M: Yes, I do! Los Angeles is great.I’ve made lots of friends and 1.I really enjoy my courses(我非常喜欢我的课).
W: Good! Me too! By the way, you didn’t tell me 2.what you are studying here(你在这里学什么).
M: Didn’t I I’m doing business studies.
W: Really That’s great.Are you working in a company after graduation
M: Maybe.I was born in Canada.My parents are in Toronto and I hope to 3.find a job in a company (在一家公司找一份工作)there.
W: What about your friend Zoe
M: She’s from Sydney, Australia.Her father runs a hotel there and 4.she is studying hotel management(她正在学习酒店管理).
W: Wow, both of you have your plans.
M: Yes, we do.What about you, Lucy
W: Well, I’m studying law.
M: Great! So I know who to call if I need a lawyer in the future.
W: Sure.5.Classes are going to start(要开始上课了).Let’s go.
核心考点·探究内化
1.approach vt.接近n.接近;通路;法
(教材原句)What is your learning approach to it
对于它你的学习法是什么
(读后续写之动作描写)We heard the sound of a car approaching.
我们听见一辆汽车驶近的声音。
【精要必记】
with the approach of...　　 随着……的临近
an approach to... ……的法
知识宽一度
　　approach作名词时,后面常跟介词to表示“……的法”,而way, method, means表示“法”时后常跟介词of。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I want to discuss with you a new approach to the experiment.
②We will be exploring different approaches to gathering (gather) information about the research.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)马上要到他表演了,他感到心怦怦直跳。
With the approach of his turn to perform, he felt his heart pounding heavily.
2.prefer vt.更喜欢;宁愿
(应用文之学校生活)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.在下个月的欢迎仪式上,我更喜欢穿校服而不是中国传统服饰。
【精要必记】
(1)prefer (doing/to do) sth.　 更喜欢(做)某事
prefer (doing)sth. to (doing)sth.... 喜欢(做)某事胜过(做)某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer that... 但愿……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)preference n. 喜好;偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱/更喜欢……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①To be honest, I prefer reading books to watching TV when I am free.
②I prefer to wear (wear) clothes made of natural fibers.
③Some of us preferred (prefer) to take a bus while others were fond of walking.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
(应用文之观点表达) 就个人而言,我更喜欢在国内学习而不是到国外留学。
→Personally speaking, I prefer to study at home rather than study abroad.
→Personally speaking, I prefer studying at home to studying abroad.
3.concentrate v.集中(思想、注意力等)
(应用文之求助信)I am writing to ask you for help because I find it quite hard to concentrate on my study.我写信是为了寻求你的帮助,因为我发现很难集中精力学习。
(应用文之倡议书)Now, there is an urgent need for greater concentration on environmental protection.现在,迫切需要更加注重环境保护。
【精要必记】
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 集中精力在(做)某事上
concentrate one’s attention/energy/...on/upon (doing)...
集中某人的注意力/精力/……在(做)……上
(2)concentration n.专心,集中
(3)concentrated adj.集中的,神贯注的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
He was extremely calm and concentrated (concentrate) in judging how to defeat his opponent.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
课堂上学生们将注意力集中在老师的讲解上。
→The students concentrated their attention on the teacher’s explanations in class.(concentrate)
→The students fixed/focused their attention on the teacher’s explanations in class.(fix/focus)
→The students put their heart into the teacher’s explanations in class.(put one’s heart into) Unit 9　Learning
Part 3　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
必备知识·认知导学
Ⅰ.重点词块—速记
1.learn words in chunks　　　根据语块学习单词
2.an odd solution 一个奇特的解决法
3.fly over it in a helicopter 乘坐直升机飞过它的上空
4.a famous forgetting curve 著名的遗忘曲线
5.brain cells 脑细胞
6.the most appropriate strategy　最合适的策
7.his latest novel 他的最新小说
8.input the seventh group number 输入第七组数字
9.knowledge of English beyond the classroom 课堂以外的英语知识
10.learn words in context 根据上下文学习单词
11.a soccer team 一个足球队
12.the nearest subway 最近的地铁
13.acquire the rules 获取规则
14.a worldwide language 一门世界性的语言
15.publish a poem in the magazine 在杂志上发表一首诗
16.an effective technique to remember things 一种有效的记忆技巧
Ⅱ.活用单词—拓展
1.classic adj.经典的→classical adj. 经典的,传统的;(音乐)古典的
2.familiar adj. 熟悉的;常见的→unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的,不了解的→familiarize v.使了解,使熟悉→familiarity n. 认识,通晓;熟悉
3.effect n. 作用,影响;效果;生效→effective adj.有效的;事实上的;(法律、规则等)生效的→effectively adv.有效地
4.recommend vt. 推荐;建议→recommendation n. 正式建议;推荐,介绍
5.sufficient adj.充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地;足够地
6.normal adj. 正常的,标准的→abnormal adj.反常的,不规则的;变态的→normally adv.通常,平常
7.arrange v. 安排,筹备;整理→arrangement n.计划;安排
8.child n. 儿童,孩子→childish adj.孩子般的;幼稚的 →childhood n.童年,儿童时代
9.emotion n. 情感,情绪;激情,强烈的感情→emotional adj.情感上的;情绪上的→emotionally adv. 感情上;情绪上
10.excite v.使兴奋,使激动→excited adj. 激动的,兴奋的→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的,令人激动的→excitement n.兴奋,激动
11.photograph n.照片,相片 v.拍照,照相→photography n. 摄影,摄影术→photographic adj.详细准确的;照片的;摄影的→photographer n.拍照者,摄影师
12.digit n.(0~9的任何一个)数字 →digital adj. 数字的,数码的;数字显示的→digitise vt.把……转变成数字形式,使……数字化
13.sharp adj.急剧的,猛烈的;尖的,锋利的→sharply adv. 急剧地;锐利地→sharpen v. (使)锋利(尖锐,清晰)→sharpener n. 卷笔刀;磨具
14.time n. (以分钟、小时、天等计量的)时间→timely adj.适时的,及时的
15.period n. 一段时间,时期;(人生或国家历史的)阶段,时代→periodical adj. 定期的→periodically adv.定期地
16.memory n.记忆力;记忆→memorise vt.记住;熟记→memorisation n.记忆→memorable adj.显著的;值得纪念的
Ⅲ.核心短语—互译
1.turn on 　　打开
2.for the first time 首次;第一次
3.again and again 再三地,反复地
4.many years later 多年以后
5.get worse 变得更糟糕
6.up to 直到;胜任;多达;取决于
7.take it easy 放轻松
8.make good use of 充分利用
9.reach one’s full power 发挥某人最大的力量
10.at that point 在那时;在那个阶段
11.be honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
12.in one way or another 不管怎样
13.as a result 作为结果
14.in terms of 依据;按照;在……面
Ⅳ.经典句式—悟通
1.This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.(because引导表语从句)
这是因为我们第一次经历事物时,常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
2.It is important to connect it with what we already know.(It is+adj.+to do sth.)
把新内容和我们已知的建立联系很重要。
3.Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.(so that引导目的状语从句)
另一种有效的记忆法是把相似的想法或信息放在一起,这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的东西联系起来。
4.In 1885,Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve.(v.-ed形式作定语)
1885年,赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版了一本叫《关于记忆》的书,提出了著名的遗忘曲线。
文本阅读·语篇研析
Task 1宏观建构·把握文脉
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Para.1: Why can I remember (1)events in my childhood but not what happened last week
Para.2: Do some people really have a (2)photographic memory
Para.3:Why do I (3)forget the new words that I learnt yesterday
Para.4: I’m 16, but I sometimes forget things.Is my (4)memory getting worse
2.What’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about the answers to some of the most common questions about memory.
【阅读策点拨】
如何整体理解课文
1.通过理解文章的标题和第一句话。
2.通过理解每段的第一句话。
3.通过理解每一段的结论。
4.通过理解文章的最后一句话。
5.通过理解文章的整体结构。
Task 2微观探究·细节理解
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question.
Why can we remember events in our childhood
We can remember things that have emotional connections and childhood memories are often very emotional.Besides, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again, so we remember them much better.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Answer the following question.
What can a person do if he/she has a photographic memory
If a person has a photographic memory, he/she could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later.
2.Choose the best answer.
Why are Daniel Tammet and Stephen Wiltshire mentioned in the paragraph
A.To tell they are famous people.
B.To present their achievements.
C.To highlight their role in history.
D.To show some people have amazing memories.
答案:D
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and judge the following statements true or false.
1.The forgetting curve was created by Hermann Ebbinghaus. (　T　)
2.The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the first five days. (　F　)
3.Timely review is necessary to remember what is learnt. (　T　)
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and fill in the blanks.
1.At the age of 25, we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second.
2.By the age of 40, we lose 10,000 brain cells every day.
3.By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and choose the best answer.
Which column of a newspaper is the text taken from
A.Travelling.　　　　　　　B.Science.
C.Health. D.Entertainment.
答案:B
Task 3语篇总结·主题深化
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
We remember things that have strong 1.connections(connect) in our mind, especially emotional connections.Childhood memories are often very 2.emotional(emotion);therefore, we remember them much better.So when 3.remembering(remember) something new, try to connect it to our emotions.
　　A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of something, but most of us do not have 4.amazing(amaze) memories.Asking questions also helps with memorisation.Another effective technique to remember things is 5.to group(group) similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things 6.that/which are already known.
　　Forgetting the new words is natural for many people.One of the golden 7.rules(rule) to increase how much we remember 8.is(be)to review the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning.
　　Our memory reaches its full power 9.at the age of 25.After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age, our memory is 10.significantly(significant) worse than when we were young.
Task 4长句难句·释疑解难
1.A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.
[句式分析]此句是并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句,在第二个分句中,that引导宾语从句,该从句中who引导定语从句修饰先行词people。
[自主翻译]拥有照像记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、某本书或某个事件的每一个细节,但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照像记忆能力。
2.For example, Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi (π) and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter.
[句式分析]此句是and连接的并列复合句,在第二个分句中,after flying over it in a helicopter作时间状语。
[自主翻译]例如,丹尼尔·塔梅可以记住圆周率的前22514位数,而斯蒂芬·威尔夏可以坐直升机俯瞰一个城市,而后凭记忆力画出这个城市的详细图片。
Task 5阅读升华·拓展思维
1.Do you think Jemima Gryaznov’s answers are convincing Why
Yes, I think so.The examples and evidence he offers are based on facts, so they are convincing.
2.What do you plan to do in your study in order to remember what you have learnt forever
Based on the forgetting curve, I plan to give timely and regular review to what I have learnt before forgetting it.
核心考点·探究内化
1.recommend vt.推荐;建议
(教材原句)I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature, such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.
我建议你尝试简化的经典文学作品,比如用简单英语重写的短篇故事和小说。
(应用文之建议信)I strongly recommend you to spare some time to work out every day.
我强烈建议你每天抽出一点时间来锻炼。
【精要必记】
(1)recommend sth.to sb. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb.as 推荐某人担任……
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议/劝某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
(2)recommend that...(should) do...建议……(应该)做……
It is strongly/highly recommended that...强烈建议……(应该)做……
(3)recommendation n.建议;推荐
知识宽一度
　　后接宾语从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词有:
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He recommended reading (read) the novel before seeing the movie.
②I have just spent vacation in Guilin and would like to recommend some tourist attractions to all of you.
③He is capable of dealing with difficult situations, so I recommend him as head of our department.
④It is strongly recommended that the machines (should) be checked (check) on a regular basis for the sake of safety.
⑤If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, and getting letters of recommendation (recommend).
【美句·锻造】 一句多译/词汇升级
①我建议她在做不明智的事之前要仔细考虑一下。
→I recommend her to think very carefully before she does something unwise.(recommend sb.to do)
→I recommend that she (should) think very carefully before she does something unwise.(recommend that...)
②I advise you to think twice before you make your final decision.
→I recommend you to think twice before you make your final decision.
2.be honoured to do sth.很荣幸做某事
(教材原句)Today, we’re honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.
今天,我们很荣幸邀请到两位特别的嘉宾来为我们讲述这个事情。
(应用文之演讲稿)It’s an honour for me to stand here to deliver a speech to you.
我很荣幸能站在这里向你们发表演讲。
【精要必记】
(1)honour　　　　n.&vt. 荣幸;尊敬
in honour of 为了纪念;为了庆祝
【精要必记】
It’s one’s honour to do sth.=It’s an honour for sb. to do sth.　　　
某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事
(2)honoured adj. 荣幸的;受尊敬的
be honoured with 被授予……
be honoured as 被誉为……
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned, mothers should be honoured with expressions of love and respect.
②He was honoured as a pioneer for his scientific research.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
我很荣幸能和大家一起参加这次活动。
→It is an honour for me to be able to participate in this event with all of you.(honour n.)
→It is my honour to be able to participate in this event with all of you.(honour n.)
→I have the honour of being able to participate in this event with all of you.(honour n.)
→I feel honoured to be able to participate in this event with all of you.(honoured adj.)
3.arrangement n.计划;安排
(应用文之告知信)I’m delighted to receive your letter in which you asked about our arrangements for the World Reading Day.
我很高兴收到你的来信,你在信中询问我们对世界阅读日的安排。
(应用文之活动介绍)The headteacher has arranged that we will have a picnic this weekend.
班主任安排,本周末我们将有一次野餐。
【精要必记】
(1)make arrangements for　为……做安排
(2)arrange vt.&vi. 安排;排列;整理
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I can arrange for another engineer to visit you on Wednesday.
②I’ll have to arrange how to pick (pick) up the guests from the airport.
③The insurance company has promised to arrange travel insurance for the tourists.
④Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the arrangement (arrange).
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①我们已经为这次露营做好了安排。
We have made arrangements for this camping trip.
②我会安排人领着你参观一下工厂。
I’ll arrange for someone to show you around the factory.
4.excitement n.兴奋,激动
(读后续写之动作描写)Seeing her birthday gift, she jumped with excitement.
看到她的生日礼物,她兴奋地跳了起来。
(读后续写之心理描写)She was too excited to fall asleep.她兴奋得难以入睡。
【精要必记】
(1)to one’s excitement　令某人兴奋的是
with excitement 兴奋地;激动地
(2)excited adj.兴奋的,激动的
be excited at/about 对……感到激动/兴奋
be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋
be excited that... 感到激动/兴奋的是……
(3)exciting adj.令人兴奋的
excitedly adv.兴奋地;激动地
知识宽一度
　　excited意为“兴奋的,激动的”,是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态;exciting表示“令人激动的”,是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物,如excited look/expression等。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①Upon seeing the doll, Julie let out a cry of excitement(excite), saying repeatedly that it was the sweetest gift she had ever received.
②Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting (excite) experience.
③When I heard the news, my heart pounded with excitement.
④I’m excited to learn (learn) that the 12th World Games will take place in Chengdu in 2025.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①令我们非常兴奋的是,我们班在这次篮球比赛中获得了冠军。
To our great excitement, our class won the championship in this basketball game.
②(读后续写之动作描写)孩子们太兴奋了,在屋子里跑来跑去。
The children were so excited that they ran around the room.
5.as a result 作为结果
(教材原句)As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.
作为结果,重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象,我们能更好地记住这些经历。
(读后续写之神态描写)When she saw the gift she had been longing for, her eyes shone as a result of excitement.
当她看到她一直渴望的礼物时,她的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
【精要必记】
(1)as a result of　　由于……,作为……的结果
without result=in vain　徒劳地,无结果地
(2)result in 导致,造成, 结果是
result from 起因于,因……而造成
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①He got up late.As a result, he was late for school.
②As a result of the heavy fog, the flight was canceled.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
他突然头疼起来,结果他未能去参加宴会。(用result的短语)
→He had a sudden headache.As a result, he wasn’t able to attend the party.
→He wasn’t able to attend the party as a result of his sudden headache.
→His sudden headache resulted in his not being able to attend the party.
→His not being able to attend the party resulted from his sudden headache.
6.状语从句的省
(教材原句)When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions.
当记忆新事物时,试着把它和我们的情感联系起来。
句型解构
　　本句中When remembering something new为状语从句的省,完整形式为When you are remembering something new。
在由while, when, if, as if, even if/though, though, although, until, once, unless 等引导的状语从句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it,且从句中含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省。
【美句·锻造】 句型转换
①Even if he is invited, he won’t go to the party.
→Even if invited, he won’t go to the party.
②When he heard he won the first prize, he screamed with excitement.
→When hearing he won the first prize, he screamed with excitement.
③My father walked around in the yard as if he was looking for something.
→My father walked around in the yard as if looking for something.
④Come along with me if it is possible.
→Come along with me if possible.
7.This is because...这是因为……
(教材原句)This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为我们第一次经历事物时,常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
句型解构
　　本句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”,其中because 引导表语从句。
(1)That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”,强调原因,because引导表语从句。
(2)That’s why... 意为“那就是……的原因”,强调结果,why引导表语从句。
(3)The reason why...is/was that...意为“……的原因是……”,why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句。
*(读后续写之人物描写)He is always ready to help others and that’s because he used to be helped by others.
他总是乐于助人,那是因为他曾经被别人帮助过。
*(读后续写之动作描写)He missed the bus.That was why he was running to school.
他没赶上公共汽车。那就是为什么他正跑去学校。
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I’m not going to the party tonight.That’s because I have to study for my exam.
②I always choose to run in the morning.That’s why I’m so energetic throughout the day.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①她今天非常高兴。那是因为她在工作中得到了晋升。
She’s so happy today.That’s because she received a promotion at work.
②她学习非常努力。那就是她总能取得好成绩的原因。
She studies so hard.That’s why she always gets good grades.
③我不能和你一起去旅行的原因是下周我有一些急事要做。
The reason why I can’t go to travel with you is that I have some urgent things to do next week.
【要点拾遗】
1.unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的,不了解的
(读后续写之人物描写)She had just moved into the community, so she was unfamiliar with her neighbours.
她刚搬进这个社区,所以对邻居们都不熟悉。
(应用文之地介绍)I was born in the city, so it is quite familiar to me.
我出生在这个城市,所以它对我来说是再熟悉不过了。
【精要必记】
(1)familiar 　adj. 熟悉的,了解的
be (un)familiar with 对……(不)熟悉
be (un)familiar to sb. 为某人所(不)熟悉
(2)familiarity n. 熟悉,知晓
(3)familiarize vt.(使)熟悉,了解
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①She addressed me with an easy familiarity (familiar) that made me feel at home.
②Familiarize (familiar) yourself with the new equipment before you attempt to use it.
③She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar (familiar) surroundings.
【美句·锻造】 一句多译
我对神舟18号三位航天员还不太熟悉。
→I am unfamiliar with the three astronauts of Shenzhou-18.
→The three astronauts of Shenzhou-18 are unfamiliar to me.
2.memorise vt.记住;熟记
(应用文之建议信)If you want to learn English well, you should memorise as many words as possible.要想学好英语,你应该尽可能多地记单词。
(应用文之传统节日)The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar.
端午节是为了纪念屈原而在农历五月初五这一天庆祝的。
【精要必记】
(1)memory 　　n. 记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆
in memory of 为纪念……
(2)memorial adj.纪念的,追悼的;记忆的 n.纪念碑/馆/品
(3)memorable adj.难忘的,值得纪念的
【活用·练透】 单句语法填空
①I recommend you to memorise (memory) the phone number rather than just write down.
②That was one of the most memorable (memory) moments in my life.
【美句·锻造】 完成句子/词汇升级
①为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士,一部电影即将开拍。
A film will be made in memory of those brave firefighters.
②Can you remember how much money we spent on the computer
→Can you memorise how much money we spent on the computer
3.beyond prep.超出……范围 adv.在更远处;在另一边
(教材原句)Well, my advice is to increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
嗯,我的建议是在课堂之外增加你的英语知识。
(读后续写之神态描写)Beyond my expectation, she stood still as if something caught her eye.
出乎我意料的是,她一动不动地站着,好像有什么东西吸引了她的目光。
【精要必记】
beyond compare　　无与伦比
beyond sb.’s power 是某人力所不及的
beyond belief/doubt 难以置信/毫无疑问
beyond one’s reach 某人够不到
beyond recognition 认不出来
beyond control 无法控制
beyond one’s expectation 出乎某人意料的是
【美句·锻造】 完成句子
①那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
②这超出了我的能力范围,所以我决定放弃。
It is beyond my power, so I’m determined to give up.
③把药放在孩子够不着的地。
Keep the medicine beyond children’s reach.
④照片已经模糊,不能辨认。
The photo has faded beyond recognition.
⑤有些事你无法控制,但却可以从中学到很多。
Some things are beyond control, but you can learn a lot from them.
4.so that引导目的状语从句
(教材原句)Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
另一种有效的记忆法是把相似的想法或信息放在一起,这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的东西联系起来。
句型解构
　　本句中so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便”。
so that 引导目的状语从句时,从句谓语动词前一般加can, could, may, might等情态动词。
*(应用文之建议信)You should pay attention to your diets and work out on a daily basis so that you can keep healthy.你应该注意你的饮食,每天锻炼,这样你才能保持健康。
*(读后续写之心理描写)She tried her best to control her feelings so that tears couldn’t roll down.她尽力控制自己的感情,不让眼泪流下来。
【知识深一度】
so that引导结果状语从句,从句中不用情态动词。
*He got up late so that he missed the bus.
他起晚了所以没赶上公交车。
【美句·锻造】 单句写作
①今天早晨我很早起床,以便能赶上第一班公交车。
This morning I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
②我写起来总是字斟句酌,为了让人看懂我的意思。
I always write carefully so that I may make my meaning clear.
③他们加班以便能够按时完成项目。
They worked late so that they could finish the project on time.
④她一直在省钱以便能够买一辆新车。
She has been saving money so that she could buy a new car.
⑤他努力学习,所以最终通过了考试。
He worked hard, so that he passed the exam in the end.
⑥她努力学习英语,因此在一家国际公司获得了一份好工作。
She worked hard at English, so that she got a good job in an international company.
词汇对接高考
单句写作
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B)She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.
她补充说,该项目的好处不仅仅是营养。
2.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解C)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.
Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景,然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情的背景里。
3.(2024·北京高考·完形填空)My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy ” “Sure,” I said.
我的朋友们都兴奋地跳起来问我:“艾米,你去吗 ”“当然,”我说。
4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
1907年3月7日,英国统计学家弗朗西斯· 高尔顿发表了一篇论文,阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应。
5.(2022·国乙卷·阅读理解D)It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
人们认为,如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐量的三倍,这使他们患病的风险更高。
语法知识·精讲点拨
主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)
教材自主探究
观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的用法
1.We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially emotional connections.
2.Childhood memories are often very emotional.
3.Yet, there are some people who do have amazing memories.
4.I’m 16, but I sometimes forget things.
5.After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller.
6.By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
探究:
句1中have对应的主语是things;
句2中are对应的主语是memories;
句3中are对应的主语是some people;
句4中am对应的主语是I;
句5中starts对应的主语是brain;
句6中is对应的主语是memory。
语法精要点拨
　　主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
　　主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
*Taking physical examination periodically is good for health.
定期体检对健康有好处。
*When he will go to Shanghai is unknown to us.
我们不知道他什么时候去上海。
【知识深一度】
　　what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
*What is beautiful is not always good.
美丽的事物并不总是好的。
*What our Chinese teacher recommends to us are Lu Xun’s short novels.
语文老师向我们推荐的是鲁迅的短篇小说。
2.主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等词时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
*The teacher as well as the students was unfamiliar with the idiom.
老师和学生都不熟悉这个成语。
*I hear that he,rather than you, is to make arrangements for the evening party.
我听说是他而不是你将安排这次晚会。
3.and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*Both Mary and Jack have memorised the 20 new words learned last class.
玛丽和杰克都记住了上节课学的20个新单词。
*The poet and writer has produced many classic works.
那位诗人兼作家创作了许多经典作品。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
*He has just published a long novel which is very popular among readers.
他刚刚发表了一部长篇小说,很受读者欢迎。
5.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
*Many a student says they have learned a lot from their headteacher beyond the classroom.
许多学生说,他们从班主任那里学到了很多课堂以外的东西。
*Each boy and each girl was delighted to get praised by the teacher.
得到了老师的表扬,每个男孩和女孩都很高兴。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)What you said just now has (have) something to do with the matter we are discussing.
(2)Yesterday the League secretary and monitor was (be) asked to make a speech at the meeting.
(3)Communicating (communicate) with our parents from time to time helps get rid of our trouble.
(4)Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters,is(be)going to visit Beijing this summer.
(5)So far, more than one person has heard (hear) of the news.
二、意义一致原则
　　意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。
*The family is a very happy one.
这个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。
*The family are very pleased about the news of William’s success.
家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
*Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生。
*Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海洋。
*All were present and all was going well.
所有人都到场了,一切进展顺利。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
*The old are taken good care of in this nursing home.
在这家养老院,老人被照顾得很好。
4.a quantity of后跟不可数名词或复数名词,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词;quantities of后无论是不可数名词还是可数名词,谓语动词均用复数形式。
*A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
=Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
5.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*As a result, a number of people were against the plan.
结果,很多人反对这个计划。
*The number of people who were against the plan was large.
反对这个计划的人的数量很大。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
*Three years is a very short time, so we must value time.
三年的时间很短暂,所以我们一定要珍惜时间。
7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*Physics is my favourite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
*No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
8.用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数。
*Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
《远大前》是狄更斯于1860年写的。
【知识深一度】
如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
*The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.
五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。
9.一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数。
*My blue trousers have been worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
【知识深一度】
这些名词如用a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
*A pair of shoes is under the bed.
床下有一双鞋。
10.单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语用复数。这类名词有:sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。
*Every means has been tried out without much result.
每一种法都试过了却没什么结果。
*All means have been tried out without much result.
所有法都试过了却没什么结果。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake.
(2)During the past few years, quantities of waste water have been poured (pour) into the river, thus polluting it seriously.
(3)The number of foreigners learning Chinese is (be) on the rise.
(4)The family are (be) fond of listening to music for relaxation.
(5)The injured were rushed (rush) to the nearest hospital after the accident happened.
(6)The United Nations has (have) passed a resolution to stop the conflict between the two countries.
(7)My glasses fell to ground and were (be) broken to pieces.
(8)The chemical works was (be) set up in 1986.
三、就近一致原则
　　就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
*Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
学生和老师都不知道这事。
2.由there、here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
*There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
即学活用 单句语法填空
(1)Here is (be)a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
(2)Not only Alice but also her colleagues are (be) going to watch the touching movie tonight.
(3)Neither he nor I am (be)willing to go shopping today.
语法对接高考
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·国甲卷·七选五)Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads (lead) to mindless overeating.
2.(2024·北京高考·语法填空A)Taking the time to rest allows(allow) us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.
3.(2023·国甲卷·阅读理解A)Here are (be) some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·七选五)Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them.
为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A)The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
以下是今年夏天护林员项目的描述。
3.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
最新的工技术被应用于创造这个保护性的,也很漂亮的功能结构。

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