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人教版七年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 Eat Well)
一、可数名词与不可数名词 (Countable and Uncountable Nouns)
【规则变化】 名词按其所表示事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式（如 an apple—two apples；a tomato—some tomatoes）。不可数名词一般只有一种形式，没有复数形式（如 milk, bread, rice, water, beef, mutton）。
【注意】 表示不可数名词的数量时，通常借助量词短语，结构为“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”。如要表示复数概念，只需将量词变成复数。例如：a cup of tea (一杯茶) — two cups of tea (两杯茶)。
【拓展】 有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但含义不同。例如：chicken 作“鸡肉”时不可数，作“小鸡”时可数；salad 作“沙拉（总称）”时不可数，表示“一盘沙拉”或“不同种类的沙拉”时可数。
【易错点】 不可数名词前绝对不能直接加 a/an 或数词。且不可数名词作句子的主语时，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式。
【例句】 I usually have some bread and milk for breakfast. 我早饭通常吃些面包和牛奶。
The water in the cup is very hot. 杯子里的水很烫。
二、选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions)
【规则变化】 选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，让对方选择其中一种，各选项之间用 or 连接。一般结构为：“一般疑问句/特殊疑问句 + 选项A + or + 选项B？”。
【注意】 在朗读选择疑问句时，or 前面的部分读升调，or 后面的部分读降调。
【易错点】 回答选择疑问句时，绝对不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答，必须从所给的选项中选择一个作答，或者根据实际情况给出完整的回答。
【例句】 —Which would you like, beef or mutton 你想要哪种，牛肉还是羊肉？
—Beef, please. 牛肉，谢谢。
—Do you usually eat a birthday cake or noodles 你通常是吃生日蛋糕还是面条？
—I usually eat noodles. 我通常吃面条。
三、some 和 any 的用法
【规则变化】 some (一些) 和 any (一些) 都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。通常，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑问句。
【注意】 在表示请求、建议或征求对方意见的疑问句中（如 Would you like... / Can I have... ），如果说话人希望得到对方肯定的答复，通常用 some 而不用 any。
【例句】 I need some apples and some milk. 我需要一些苹果和一些牛奶。
I don't have any brothers or sisters. 我没有任何兄弟姐妹。
Would you like some tea or juice 你想喝点茶还是果汁？
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I am very thirsty. Can I have some ________
A. waters
B. water
C. a water
D. the water
2. —________ do you like better, beef ________ mutton
—Mutton, please.
A. What; and
B. Which; or
C. Which; and
D. What; or
3. —What would you like to drink
—I'd like two ________.
A. cup of tea
B. cups of teas
C. cups of tea
D. cup of teas
4. —Would you like ________ watermelon juice
—Yes, please.
A. some
B. any
C. many
D. few
5. —Are you going to the park by bus or by subway
—________.
A. Yes, I am
B. No, I'm not
C. By subway
D. Yes, by subway
6. My mother bought some ________ and ________ in the supermarket.
A. potato; beef
B. potatoes; beefs
C. potatoes; beef
D. potato; beefs
7. My family really likes pizza and salad ________ dinner.
A. with
B. for
C. to
D. at
8. The milk in the glass ________ gone bad. You shouldn't drink it.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
9. It's so hot outside. How about eating a piece of ________
A. watermelon
B. beef
C. mutton
D. cabbage
10. There is ________ and ________ on the table.
A. a bread; two eggs
B. some bread; two eggs
C. some breads; two egg
D. a bread; two egg
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I want to stay healthy, so I eat well every day. For breakfast, I usually have an 11. ________ (egg), some 12. ________ (bread) and a glass of 13. ________ (milk). I know milk 14. ________ (be) good for my bones. For lunch, I often eat rice with vegetables and 15. ________ (chicken). My mother says we need to eat lots of 16. ________ (vegetable) because they have lots of vitamins. For dinner, I like 17. ________ (eat) fruit salad. My favourite fruits are 18. ________ (strawberry) and apples. I hardly ever eat junk food 19. ________ I don't want to get fat. I think I have a very 20. ________ (health) lifestyle.
Passage 2
Yesterday evening, my parents and I went to a new restaurant for dinner. The waiter 21. ________ (bring) us the menu and asked, "What would you like 22. ________ (eat) " My father ordered a large bowl of 23. ________ (beef) noodles. My mother wanted some vegetable 24. ________ (soup) and dumplings. I loved eating fish and 25. ________ (chip), so I ordered some. "Would you like tea 26. ________ juice " the waiter asked. "Three 27. ________ (glass) of orange juice, please," my father said. After about twenty 28. ________ (minute), the food was ready. The dishes tasted so 29. ________ (deliciously) that we ate them all. After the meal, my father paid the bill. We had a really 30. ________ (wonder) time there.
Passage 3
People in different countries eat different kinds of 31. ________ (food). In Western countries, people often have 32. ________ (sandwich) or hamburgers for lunch. They like to drink coffee and eat 33. ________ (sweet) after meals. But in China, things are quite 34. ________ (difference). We usually eat rice or noodles 35. ________ our main food. Many Chinese people like drinking hot tea instead 36. ________ cold water. Some foreigners are 37. ________ (surprise) to see Chinese people eating with chopsticks. Nowadays, more and more people around the world are learning to cook Chinese dishes because they are very 38. ________ (tasty). What's more, Chinese food focuses on keeping a 39. ________ (balance) diet. So, which do you like better, Chinese food or Western food I am sure you can make your own 40. ________ (choose).人教版七年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 Eat Well)
一、可数名词与不可数名词 (Countable and Uncountable Nouns)
【规则变化】 名词按其所表示事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式（如 an apple—two apples；a tomato—some tomatoes）。不可数名词一般只有一种形式，没有复数形式（如 milk, bread, rice, water, beef, mutton）。
【注意】 表示不可数名词的数量时，通常借助量词短语，结构为“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”。如要表示复数概念，只需将量词变成复数。例如：a cup of tea (一杯茶) — two cups of tea (两杯茶)。
【拓展】 有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但含义不同。例如：chicken 作“鸡肉”时不可数，作“小鸡”时可数；salad 作“沙拉（总称）”时不可数，表示“一盘沙拉”或“不同种类的沙拉”时可数。
【易错点】 不可数名词前绝对不能直接加 a/an 或数词。且不可数名词作句子的主语时，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式。
【例句】 I usually have some bread and milk for breakfast. 我早饭通常吃些面包和牛奶。
The water in the cup is very hot. 杯子里的水很烫。
二、选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions)
【规则变化】 选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，让对方选择其中一种，各选项之间用 or 连接。一般结构为：“一般疑问句/特殊疑问句 + 选项A + or + 选项B？”。
【注意】 在朗读选择疑问句时，or 前面的部分读升调，or 后面的部分读降调。
【易错点】 回答选择疑问句时，绝对不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答，必须从所给的选项中选择一个作答，或者根据实际情况给出完整的回答。
【例句】 —Which would you like, beef or mutton 你想要哪种，牛肉还是羊肉？
—Beef, please. 牛肉，谢谢。
—Do you usually eat a birthday cake or noodles 你通常是吃生日蛋糕还是面条？
—I usually eat noodles. 我通常吃面条。
三、some 和 any 的用法
【规则变化】 some (一些) 和 any (一些) 都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。通常，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑问句。
【注意】 在表示请求、建议或征求对方意见的疑问句中（如 Would you like... / Can I have... ），如果说话人希望得到对方肯定的答复，通常用 some 而不用 any。
【例句】 I need some apples and some milk. 我需要一些苹果和一些牛奶。
I don't have any brothers or sisters. 我没有任何兄弟姐妹。
Would you like some tea or juice 你想喝点茶还是果汁？
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I am very thirsty. Can I have some ________
A. waters
B. water
C. a water
D. the water
2. —________ do you like better, beef ________ mutton
—Mutton, please.
A. What; and
B. Which; or
C. Which; and
D. What; or
3. —What would you like to drink
—I'd like two ________.
A. cup of tea
B. cups of teas
C. cups of tea
D. cup of teas
4. —Would you like ________ watermelon juice
—Yes, please.
A. some
B. any
C. many
D. few
5. —Are you going to the park by bus or by subway
—________.
A. Yes, I am
B. No, I'm not
C. By subway
D. Yes, by subway
6. My mother bought some ________ and ________ in the supermarket.
A. potato; beef
B. potatoes; beefs
C. potatoes; beef
D. potato; beefs
7. My family really likes pizza and salad ________ dinner.
A. with
B. for
C. to
D. at
8. The milk in the glass ________ gone bad. You shouldn't drink it.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. were
9. It's so hot outside. How about eating a piece of ________
A. watermelon
B. beef
C. mutton
D. cabbage
10. There is ________ and ________ on the table.
A. a bread; two eggs
B. some bread; two eggs
C. some breads; two egg
D. a bread; two egg
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I want to stay healthy, so I eat well every day. For breakfast, I usually have an 11. ________ (egg), some 12. ________ (bread) and a glass of 13. ________ (milk). I know milk 14. ________ (be) good for my bones. For lunch, I often eat rice with vegetables and 15. ________ (chicken). My mother says we need to eat lots of 16. ________ (vegetable) because they have lots of vitamins. For dinner, I like 17. ________ (eat) fruit salad. My favourite fruits are 18. ________ (strawberry) and apples. I hardly ever eat junk food 19. ________ I don't want to get fat. I think I have a very 20. ________ (health) lifestyle.
Passage 2
Yesterday evening, my parents and I went to a new restaurant for dinner. The waiter 21. ________ (bring) us the menu and asked, "What would you like 22. ________ (eat) " My father ordered a large bowl of 23. ________ (beef) noodles. My mother wanted some vegetable 24. ________ (soup) and dumplings. I loved eating fish and 25. ________ (chip), so I ordered some. "Would you like tea 26. ________ juice " the waiter asked. "Three 27. ________ (glass) of orange juice, please," my father said. After about twenty 28. ________ (minute), the food was ready. The dishes tasted so 29. ________ (deliciously) that we ate them all. After the meal, my father paid the bill. We had a really 30. ________ (wonder) time there.
Passage 3
People in different countries eat different kinds of 31. ________ (food). In Western countries, people often have 32. ________ (sandwich) or hamburgers for lunch. They like to drink coffee and eat 33. ________ (sweet) after meals. But in China, things are quite 34. ________ (difference). We usually eat rice or noodles 35. ________ our main food. Many Chinese people like drinking hot tea instead 36. ________ cold water. Some foreigners are 37. ________ (surprise) to see Chinese people eating with chopsticks. Nowadays, more and more people around the world are learning to cook Chinese dishes because they are very 38. ________ (tasty). What's more, Chinese food focuses on keeping a 39. ________ (balance) diet. So, which do you like better, Chinese food or Western food I am sure you can make your own 40. ________ (choose).
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我非常渴。我能喝点水吗？考查不可数名词。water 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能加 -s，也不能直接用 a 修饰。泛指“一些水”，且前有 some 限定，直接用原形 water。故选B。
2.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——牛肉和羊肉，你更喜欢哪一个？——羊肉，谢谢。考查特殊疑问词及选择疑问句的连词。提供两个选项让对方选择，疑问词用 Which（哪一个）；选择疑问句的选项之间必须用 or（还是）连接，不能用 and（和）。故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你想喝点什么？——我想要两杯茶。考查不可数名词的数量表达。tea 是不可数名词，表达“两杯茶”要将量词 cup 变为复数 cups，而 tea 保持不变。因此结构为 two cups of tea。故选C。
4.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你想喝点西瓜汁吗？——好的，谢谢。考查 some 和 any 的用法。在 Would you like... 这样表示委婉请求或建议的疑问句中，说话人希望得到肯定答复，因此通常用 some 而不用 any。故选A。
5.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你打算乘公交车还是坐地铁去公园？——坐地铁。考查选择疑问句的答语。选择疑问句不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答，必须从两个选项中选择一个进行回答。故选C。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我妈妈在超市买了一些土豆和牛肉。考查名词的单复数。potato 是可数名词，被 some 修饰要用复数 potatoes（以 o 结尾加 -es）；beef 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故选C。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们家晚饭非常喜欢吃披萨和沙拉。考查介词。表达“某顿饭吃什么”，固定搭配为 have/eat something for breakfast/lunch/dinner。故选B。
8.【答案】B
【解析】句意：杯子里的牛奶变质了。你不该喝它。考查主谓一致。句子的真正主语是 The milk（不可数名词），后面的 in the glass 是介词短语作后置定语。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合句意为一般现在时，故选B。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意：外面太热了。吃一块西瓜怎么样？考查名词辨析。A 西瓜；B 牛肉；C 羊肉；D 卷心菜。根据句意“太热了”可知，吃西瓜最解暑，且 watermelon 也可以作为不可数名词来切分。故选A。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：桌子上有一些面包和两个鸡蛋。考查名词单复数及修饰语。bread 是不可数名词，不能用 a 修饰，也没有复数 breads；egg 是可数名词，两个鸡蛋应用复数 two eggs。故选B。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. egg。前面有不定冠词 an，填可数名词单数 egg。
12. bread。bread 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，原形填入。
13. milk。milk 为不可数名词，前面有 a glass of 量词修饰，自身保持原形。
14. is。milk 作为不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，通篇为一般现在时，填 is。
15. chicken。此处 chicken 指鸡肉，为不可数名词，原形填入。
16. vegetables。lots of 修饰可数名词，vegetable 需变为复数形式 vegetables。
17. to eat / eating。like to do sth. 或 like doing sth. 均可，表示喜欢吃。
18. strawberries。辅音字母加 y 结尾的可数名词变复数，去 y 变为 i 加 -es，与 apples 并列。
19. because。表示原因，“因为我不想变胖”，用连词 because。
20. healthy。修饰名词 lifestyle 需用形容词，health 的形容词是 healthy。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. brought。根据第一句 Yesterday evening 可知是一般过去时，bring 的过去式为 brought。
22. to eat。would like to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
23. beef。beef 为不可数名词，作定语修饰 noodles，直接填原形。
24. soup。soup 汤，不可数名词，原形填入。
25. chips。fish and chips 为常见搭配（炸鱼薯条），chip 为可数名词复数。
26. or。选择疑问句，连接两个选项“茶还是果汁”用 or。
27. glasses。three 修饰，量词 glass 需变为复数形式 glasses（以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾加 -es）。
28. minutes。twenty 修饰可数名词复数，填 minutes。
29. delicious。taste 在此为感官系动词，后接形容词作表语，deliciously 需改回形容词 delicious。
30. wonderful。修饰名词 time 需用形容词 wonderful，have a wonderful time 玩得很开心。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. food / foods。food 在表示“不同种类的食物”时可作可数名词填 foods，也可作不可数名词填 food，均可接受。
32. sandwiches。泛指三明治，且没有量词修饰，与 hamburgers 并列，填复数 sandwiches。
33. sweets。sweet 作“甜食，糖果”解为可数名词，泛指填复数 sweets。
34. different。系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，difference 的形容词为 different。
35. as。固定搭配 treat/eat/use... as...，意为“作为我们的主食”。
36. of。instead of 为固定短语，意为“代替，而不是”。
37. surprised。修饰人感到惊讶，用 -ed 结尾的形容词 surprised。
38. tasty。系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，意为美味的。
39. balanced。修饰名词 diet 需用形容词 balanced（均衡的）。
40. choice。make one's choice 为固定搭配，意为“做出选择”，choose 的名词形式为 choice。

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