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人教版八年级下册Unit 1单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 1 Time to Relax)
一、动词不定式作目的状语 (Infinitives as adverbials)
【规则变化】 动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”。动词不定式可以用来作目的状语，表示做某事的目的或动机。
【注意】 不定式作目的状语时，通常放在句末。有时为了强调目的，也可以放在句首，此时通常用逗号与主句隔开。
【拓展】 对目的状语进行提问时，通常使用疑问词 Why（为什么）或 What ... for。
【例句】 I play the flute to relax. 我吹长笛来放松自己。
I went to the sports centre to ice-skate. 我去体育中心滑冰。
To improve my English, I read English stories every day. 为了提高英语，我每天读英语故事。
二、带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 (Infinitives as object complements)
【规则变化】 有些动词后面需要跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语将要执行的动作。常见的结构为：动词 + sb. + to do sth.。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, want, invite, advise, encourage, teach等。
【易错点】 动词不定式的否定形式是由“not ＋ 动词不定式”构成，即：动词 + sb. + not to do sth.。绝不能在to后面加not，也不能写成don't to do。
【例句】 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her. 我表妹经常叫我和她一起放风筝。
My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。
She told me not to give up so easily. 她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。
三、不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语
【规则变化】 有一些特殊的动词后，用作宾语补足语的动词不定式必须省略to（即使用动词原形）。这类动词主要有两类：
1. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等。
2. 使役动词：make, let, have 等。
【注意】 感官动词后接不带to的不定式 (do)，表示看到了整个动作发生的全过程或动作经常发生；若接动词-ing形式 (doing)，则强调动作正在进行。
【拓展】 当含有上述感官动词和使役动词的句子变为被动语态时，被省略的 to 必须还原回来。例如：He was seen to enter the room.
【例句】 I saw my mother paint. 我看到我妈妈画画。
It made me decide to try skiing. 这使我决定尝试滑雪。
I'd love to watch you fly kites sometime. 我很乐意找个时间看你放风筝。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I went to the sports centre ________ ice-skate with my friends last weekend.
A. to
B. for
C. in
D. from
2. My instructor told me ________ up so easily when I fell down on the ice.
A. not give
B. don't give
C. to not give
D. not to give
3. The funny video of the cat made us ________ out loud.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughing
D. laughed
4. —How did you get into painting
—I saw my mother ________ when I was a child. It was beautiful.
A. to paint
B. paints
C. paint
D. painted
5. ________ Chinese calligraphy well, Yaming spends hours practicing single strokes every day.
A. Write
B. To write
C. Writing
D. Writes
6. Parents often advise their children ________ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend
B. don't spend
C. not spend
D. to not spend
7. It’s important ________ to relax once in a while.
A. don't forget
B. not forget
C. not to forget
D. not forgetting
8. Look at the baby. Let him ________ a good rest now.
A. have
B. to have
C. having
D. has
9. —Why are you collecting so many postcards
—________ about different places in foreign countries.
A. Learn
B. Learning
C. Learnt
D. To learn
10. I love to watch kung fu movies ________ myself on weekends.
A. relax
B. relaxing
C. to relax
D. relaxed
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I have many different hobbies in my free time. Sometimes, I go to the sports centre 11. ________ (play) basketball with my friends. We play it 12. ________ (reduce) stress from school. Our sports coach is very nice, but he is strict too. He often tells us 13. ________ (practice) hard. He also advises us 14. ________ (not give) up easily when we lose a match. Yesterday, my friend Mike asked me 15. ________ (go) ice-skating with him. We went to the ice rink 16. ________ (have) fun. While skating, I saw a little girl 17. ________ (fall) down heavily on the ice. I quickly skated over 18. ________ (help) her up. She smiled 19. ________ (thank) me. It is really great 20. ________ (do) sports and help others in our free time.
Passage 2
Peter is learning to play the guitar nowadays. His father teaches him 21. ________ (play) it every weekend. At first, Peter found it very difficult to remember the notes. But his father encouraged him 22. ________ (keep) trying. "I want you 23. ________ (be) patient," his dad said. One day, Peter's friend invited him 24. ________ (perform) at a birthday party. Peter was very nervous. His father told him 25. ________ (not worry) too much. So Peter practiced day and night 26. ________ (prepare) for the show. At the party, everyone heard Peter 27. ________ (play) a wonderful song. The beautiful music made everyone 28. ________ (cheer) loudly for him. Peter was very happy. He plans 29. ________ (learn) more songs 30. ________ (show) his friends in the future.
Passage 3
Emma has a traditional hobby. She likes doing calligraphy 31. ________ (relax) herself. Her grandfather taught her 32. ________ (write) Chinese characters last year. He asked Emma 33. ________ (pay) attention to every single stroke (笔画). "It takes a lot of time 34. ________ (write) a character well," he said. Sometimes Emma felt bored, but her grandfather told her 35. ________ (not stop). He made her 36. ________ (practice) for an hour every day. Last week, Emma entered a competition 37. ________ (show) her hard work. The judges (评委) watched her 38. ________ (write) a famous poem smoothly. They praised her work highly. The good result allowed Emma 39. ________ (build) her confidence. Now she uses all her free time 40. ________ (enjoy) this traditional art.人教版八年级下册Unit 1单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 1 Time to Relax)
一、动词不定式作目的状语 (Infinitives as adverbials)
【规则变化】 动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”。动词不定式可以用来作目的状语，表示做某事的目的或动机。
【注意】 不定式作目的状语时，通常放在句末。有时为了强调目的，也可以放在句首，此时通常用逗号与主句隔开。
【拓展】 对目的状语进行提问时，通常使用疑问词 Why（为什么）或 What ... for。
【例句】 I play the flute to relax. 我吹长笛来放松自己。
I went to the sports centre to ice-skate. 我去体育中心滑冰。
To improve my English, I read English stories every day. 为了提高英语，我每天读英语故事。
二、带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 (Infinitives as object complements)
【规则变化】 有些动词后面需要跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语将要执行的动作。常见的结构为：动词 + sb. + to do sth.。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, want, invite, advise, encourage, teach等。
【易错点】 动词不定式的否定形式是由“not ＋ 动词不定式”构成，即：动词 + sb. + not to do sth.。绝不能在to后面加not，也不能写成don't to do。
【例句】 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her. 我表妹经常叫我和她一起放风筝。
My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。
She told me not to give up so easily. 她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。
三、不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语
【规则变化】 有一些特殊的动词后，用作宾语补足语的动词不定式必须省略to（即使用动词原形）。这类动词主要有两类：
1. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等。
2. 使役动词：make, let, have 等。
【注意】 感官动词后接不带to的不定式 (do)，表示看到了整个动作发生的全过程或动作经常发生；若接动词-ing形式 (doing)，则强调动作正在进行。
【拓展】 当含有上述感官动词和使役动词的句子变为被动语态时，被省略的 to 必须还原回来。例如：He was seen to enter the room.
【例句】 I saw my mother paint. 我看到我妈妈画画。
It made me decide to try skiing. 这使我决定尝试滑雪。
I'd love to watch you fly kites sometime. 我很乐意找个时间看你放风筝。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I went to the sports centre ________ ice-skate with my friends last weekend.
A. to
B. for
C. in
D. from
2. My instructor told me ________ up so easily when I fell down on the ice.
A. not give
B. don't give
C. to not give
D. not to give
3. The funny video of the cat made us ________ out loud.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughing
D. laughed
4. —How did you get into painting
—I saw my mother ________ when I was a child. It was beautiful.
A. to paint
B. paints
C. paint
D. painted
5. ________ Chinese calligraphy well, Yaming spends hours practicing single strokes every day.
A. Write
B. To write
C. Writing
D. Writes
6. Parents often advise their children ________ too much time playing computer games.
A. not to spend
B. don't spend
C. not spend
D. to not spend
7. It’s important ________ to relax once in a while.
A. don't forget
B. not forget
C. not to forget
D. not forgetting
8. Look at the baby. Let him ________ a good rest now.
A. have
B. to have
C. having
D. has
9. —Why are you collecting so many postcards
—________ about different places in foreign countries.
A. Learn
B. Learning
C. Learnt
D. To learn
10. I love to watch kung fu movies ________ myself on weekends.
A. relax
B. relaxing
C. to relax
D. relaxed
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I have many different hobbies in my free time. Sometimes, I go to the sports centre 11. ________ (play) basketball with my friends. We play it 12. ________ (reduce) stress from school. Our sports coach is very nice, but he is strict too. He often tells us 13. ________ (practice) hard. He also advises us 14. ________ (not give) up easily when we lose a match. Yesterday, my friend Mike asked me 15. ________ (go) ice-skating with him. We went to the ice rink 16. ________ (have) fun. While skating, I saw a little girl 17. ________ (fall) down heavily on the ice. I quickly skated over 18. ________ (help) her up. She smiled 19. ________ (thank) me. It is really great 20. ________ (do) sports and help others in our free time.
Passage 2
Peter is learning to play the guitar nowadays. His father teaches him 21. ________ (play) it every weekend. At first, Peter found it very difficult to remember the notes. But his father encouraged him 22. ________ (keep) trying. "I want you 23. ________ (be) patient," his dad said. One day, Peter's friend invited him 24. ________ (perform) at a birthday party. Peter was very nervous. His father told him 25. ________ (not worry) too much. So Peter practiced day and night 26. ________ (prepare) for the show. At the party, everyone heard Peter 27. ________ (play) a wonderful song. The beautiful music made everyone 28. ________ (cheer) loudly for him. Peter was very happy. He plans 29. ________ (learn) more songs 30. ________ (show) his friends in the future.
Passage 3
Emma has a traditional hobby. She likes doing calligraphy 31. ________ (relax) herself. Her grandfather taught her 32. ________ (write) Chinese characters last year. He asked Emma 33. ________ (pay) attention to every single stroke (笔画). "It takes a lot of time 34. ________ (write) a character well," he said. Sometimes Emma felt bored, but her grandfather told her 35. ________ (not stop). He made her 36. ________ (practice) for an hour every day. Last week, Emma entered a competition 37. ________ (show) her hard work. The judges (评委) watched her 38. ________ (write) a famous poem smoothly. They praised her work highly. The good result allowed Emma 39. ________ (build) her confidence. Now she uses all her free time 40. ________ (enjoy) this traditional art.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意：上周末我和朋友去体育中心滑冰。考查不定式作目的状语。去体育中心的目的“是为了滑冰”，所以应用动词不定式“to + 动词原形”作目的状语。故选A。
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我在冰上摔倒时，我的教练告诉我不要轻易放弃。考查不定式的否定形式。tell sb. not to do sth. 意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式是在 to 前面加 not。故选D。
3.【答案】A
【解析】句意：那只猫的搞笑视频让我们一次又一次地大笑。考查不带to的不定式。make sb. do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”，make 属于使役动词，其后的宾语补足语需要用省略 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）。故选A。
4.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你是怎么喜欢上画画的？——我小时候看到我妈妈画画，它很美。考查不带to的不定式。see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”（强调整个过程或经常发生），属于感官动词后接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
5.【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了写好中国书法，亚明每天花好几个小时练习单一笔画。考查不定式作目的状语。句首表示“为了……”，应当用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意：父母经常建议孩子们不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。考查不定式的否定形式。advise sb. not to do sth. 意为“建议某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定一定要把 not 放在 to 的前面。故选A。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意：不要忘记偶尔放松一下是很重要的。考查不定式的用法。句型“It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.”中，It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。其否定形式是在 to 前面加 not。故选C。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意：看看那个婴儿，现在让他好好休息一下吧。考查不带to的不定式。let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，let 为使役动词，后接不带 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）。故选A。
9.【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你为什么收集这么多明信片？——为了了解外国不同的地方。考查不定式作目的状语。用 Why 提问，常使用动词不定式来直接回答，表示目的。故选D。
10.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我喜欢在周末看功夫电影来放松自己。考查不定式作目的状语。看功夫电影的目的是“为了放松自己”，故用 to relax 表示目的。故选C。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. to play。去体育中心的目的是为了打篮球，用不定式作目的状语。
12. to reduce。打篮球的目的是为了减轻学校的压力，用不定式作目的状语。
13. to practice。tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事，动词不定式作宾语补足语。
14. not to give。advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事，注意否定词 not 的位置在 to 前。
15. to go。ask sb. to do sth. 邀请/要求某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
16. to have。去滑冰场的目的是为了玩得开心，用不定式作目的状语。
17. fall。see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事，感官动词 see 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
18. to help。滑过去的目的是为了扶她起来，不定式作目的状语。
19. to thank。微笑的目的是为了感谢“我”，用不定式表示目的。
20. to do。It is adj. to do sth. 句型，做运动和帮助他人是很棒的，不定式作真正的主语。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. to play。teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语。
22. to keep。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
23. to be。want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
24. to perform。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
25. not to worry。tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事，不定式的否定式。
26. to prepare。日夜练习的目的是为了准备演出，不定式作目的状语。
27. play。hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事，感官动词 hear 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
28. cheer。make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事，使役动词 make 后接不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）。
29. to learn。plan to do sth. 计划做某事，不定式作宾语。
30. to show。学习更多歌曲的目的是展示给朋友们看，不定式作目的状语。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. to relax。练书法的目的是放松自己，用不定式作目的状语。
32. to write。teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
33. to pay。ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
34. to write。It takes time to do sth. 花费时间做某事，不定式作真正主语。
35. not to stop。tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要停止，不定式的否定式作宾补。
36. practice。make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做某事，使役动词 make 后接动词原形作宾补。
37. to show。参加比赛的目的是为了展示她的努力，不定式作目的状语。
38. write。watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事，感官动词 watch 后接动词原形作宾补。
39. to build。allow sb. to do sth. 允许/使某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
40. to enjoy。利用空闲时间的目的是享受传统艺术，use... to do sth.，不定式作目的状语。

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