资源简介

人教版八年级下册Unit 2单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 2 Stay Healthy)
一、情态动词 should 和 could 表示建议 (Modal Verbs for Advice)
【规则变化】 情态动词可以用来表示提议或建议。在针对健康问题或生活状况给出建议时，常使用 should 和 could。
1. should：意为“应该；应当”，用以表达职责、义务或提出较强烈的劝告。其否定式是 should not / shouldn't，意为“不应当；不该”。
2. could：意为“可以”，也用于提出建议，但比 can 或 should 语气更为委婉，常用来提供一种可能的选择。
【注意】 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须直接接动词原形。
【例句】 When you have the flu, you should wear a mask when you're outside. 患流感时，你出门应戴上口罩。
You shouldn't eat so much next time. 下次你可不要吃这么多了。
You could eat some soft food for now. 你现在可以吃些软的食物。
二、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 的用法
【规则变化】 表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。其构成规律为：
第一、二人称由“形容词性物主代词 + self/selves”构成（如：myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves）。
第三人称由“人称代词宾格 + self/selves”构成（如：himself, herself, itself, themselves）。
【注意】 反身代词在句中常用作宾语（当主语和宾语是同一个人或事物时），或者用作主语/宾语的同位语（用来起强调作用，常译为“亲自；本人”）。
【拓展】 常接反身代词作宾语的动词或短语有：hurt oneself (伤到自己), cut oneself (割伤自己), teach oneself (自学), enjoy oneself (玩得高兴), help oneself to (随便吃/喝点), look after oneself (照顾自己), by oneself (独自地)。
【易错点】 反身代词绝对不能单独作句子的主语。例如，不能说 "Myself went to the hospital."，而应说 "I went to the hospital myself."。
【例句】 I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. 我从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。
If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 如果我们不小心，很容易伤到我们自己。
I cooked the dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。（作同位语表强调）
三、询问与表达健康状况 (Health Problems)
【规则变化】
1. 询问健康状况的常用句型：
What's the matter (with you) / What's wrong (with you) / How are you feeling
2. 描述病痛的常见表达：
"have a/an + 疾病名词"：have a cold (感冒), have a fever (发烧), have a cough (咳嗽)。
"have a sore + 身体部位"：have a sore throat (喉咙痛), have a sore back (背痛)。
"身体部位 + ache"：headache (头痛), toothache (牙痛), stomachache (胃痛)。
【例句】 —What's the matter 怎么了？
—I have a really bad toothache. 我牙痛得很厉害。
—What should I do 我该怎么办？
—You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. 你应该去看牙医并拍个X光片。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. —Did you all enjoy ________ at the party yesterday, kids
—Yes, we did.
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. yours
2. —What's the matter with you
—I have a bad ________. I can't eat anything hard or cold.
A. toothache
B. fever
C. cough
D. cold
3. You ________ drink so much coffee before going to bed. It's bad for your sleep.
A. could
B. should
C. shouldn't
D. couldn't
4. Little Tom is only five, but he can dress ________ now.
A. him
B. himself
C. his
D. he
5. —I have a sore throat. What should I do
—You ________ drink some hot water with honey. It might help.
A. could
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
6. Mary taught ________ to play the piano. She is really smart.
A. herself
B. myself
C. yourself
D. themselves
7. —How did Mike hurt ________
—He fell off his bike yesterday.
A. myself
B. himself
C. itself
D. yourself
8. The box is too heavy. I can't carry it by ________.
A. me
B. mine
C. my
D. myself
9. My throat is very ________. I can hardly speak.
A. sore
B. sick
C. tired
D. ill
10. —It's raining heavily outside. How can we go home
—We ________ take a taxi or ask our parents for help.
A. must
B. shouldn't
C. could
D. need
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
David didn't feel well yesterday. He had a bad 11. ________ (stomach). His mother took him to see a doctor. The doctor asked, "What's the 12. ________ (matter) " David said, "I have a stomachache." The doctor checked him carefully and asked, "What did you eat last night " "I 13. ________ (eat) too much ice-cream and some fried chicken," David answered. The doctor said, "You 14. ________ (should) eat so much junk food. It's bad for your health. You 15. ________ (could) eat some soft food for now. And you need to rest 16. ________ (you) well at home." David promised to take care of 17. ________ (he). His mother bought some 18. ________ (medicine) for him. After taking the pills, he felt much 19. ________ (good). He learned a lesson: we must keep 20. ________ (our) healthy.
Passage 2
Last Sunday, Lisa was alone at home. She decided to cook a meal by 21. ________ (her). She washed some 22. ________ (vegetable) and started to cut them. But she wasn't careful enough. Suddenly, she cut 23. ________ (her) finger with the knife. It started to 24. ________ (bleed). Lisa was a little scared, but she quickly calmed down. She washed the cut 25. ________ (careful) under the water and put a bandage (创可贴) on it. When her parents came back, they were shocked. "What happened to you " they asked. Lisa told them the whole story. Her mother said, "You 26. ________ (should) be more careful next time. Cooking is not easy for a beginner." Her father added, "Yes, but you handled it well. We are proud of you for protecting 27. ________ (you)." Lisa smiled and said, "I know. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt 28. ________ (our). I will learn to take good care of 29. ________ (me). And maybe I 30. ________ (could) learn how to cook safely from you first."
Passage 3
Nowadays, many students have health problems because they don't have healthy lifestyles. Some students like playing computer games for a long time. It is 31. ________ (harm) to their eyes. Some students don't like playing sports. They just sit on the sofa and watch TV by 32. ________ (they). If you want to stay 33. ________ (health), here is some advice for you. First, you 34. ________ (should) stay up late. Going to bed early is a good habit. Second, you 35. ________ (could) take up a sport, like running or swimming. It will make your body strong. Third, you should eat more fruit and vegetables instead of junk food. If you have a 36. ________ (tooth), you shouldn't eat sweet things. If you have a cold or a 37. ________ (feverish), you should drink more hot 38. ________ (water) and have a good rest. Remember, health is the most important thing. We should take good care of 39. ________ (we). Everyone should learn to protect 40. ________ (they) in daily life.人教版八年级下册Unit 2单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 2 Stay Healthy)
一、情态动词 should 和 could 表示建议 (Modal Verbs for Advice)
【规则变化】 情态动词可以用来表示提议或建议。在针对健康问题或生活状况给出建议时，常使用 should 和 could。
1. should：意为“应该；应当”，用以表达职责、义务或提出较强烈的劝告。其否定式是 should not / shouldn't，意为“不应当；不该”。
2. could：意为“可以”，也用于提出建议，但比 can 或 should 语气更为委婉，常用来提供一种可能的选择。
【注意】 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须直接接动词原形。
【例句】 When you have the flu, you should wear a mask when you're outside. 患流感时，你出门应戴上口罩。
You shouldn't eat so much next time. 下次你可不要吃这么多了。
You could eat some soft food for now. 你现在可以吃些软的食物。
二、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 的用法
【规则变化】 表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。其构成规律为：
第一、二人称由“形容词性物主代词 + self/selves”构成（如：myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves）。
第三人称由“人称代词宾格 + self/selves”构成（如：himself, herself, itself, themselves）。
【注意】 反身代词在句中常用作宾语（当主语和宾语是同一个人或事物时），或者用作主语/宾语的同位语（用来起强调作用，常译为“亲自；本人”）。
【拓展】 常接反身代词作宾语的动词或短语有：hurt oneself (伤到自己), cut oneself (割伤自己), teach oneself (自学), enjoy oneself (玩得高兴), help oneself to (随便吃/喝点), look after oneself (照顾自己), by oneself (独自地)。
【易错点】 反身代词绝对不能单独作句子的主语。例如，不能说 "Myself went to the hospital."，而应说 "I went to the hospital myself."。
【例句】 I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. 我从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。
If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 如果我们不小心，很容易伤到我们自己。
I cooked the dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。（作同位语表强调）
三、询问与表达健康状况 (Health Problems)
【规则变化】
1. 询问健康状况的常用句型：
What's the matter (with you) / What's wrong (with you) / How are you feeling
2. 描述病痛的常见表达：
"have a/an + 疾病名词"：have a cold (感冒), have a fever (发烧), have a cough (咳嗽)。
"have a sore + 身体部位"：have a sore throat (喉咙痛), have a sore back (背痛)。
"身体部位 + ache"：headache (头痛), toothache (牙痛), stomachache (胃痛)。
【例句】 —What's the matter 怎么了？
—I have a really bad toothache. 我牙痛得很厉害。
—What should I do 我该怎么办？
—You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. 你应该去看牙医并拍个X光片。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. —Did you all enjoy ________ at the party yesterday, kids
—Yes, we did.
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. yours
2. —What's the matter with you
—I have a bad ________. I can't eat anything hard or cold.
A. toothache
B. fever
C. cough
D. cold
3. You ________ drink so much coffee before going to bed. It's bad for your sleep.
A. could
B. should
C. shouldn't
D. couldn't
4. Little Tom is only five, but he can dress ________ now.
A. him
B. himself
C. his
D. he
5. —I have a sore throat. What should I do
—You ________ drink some hot water with honey. It might help.
A. could
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
6. Mary taught ________ to play the piano. She is really smart.
A. herself
B. myself
C. yourself
D. themselves
7. —How did Mike hurt ________
—He fell off his bike yesterday.
A. myself
B. himself
C. itself
D. yourself
8. The box is too heavy. I can't carry it by ________.
A. me
B. mine
C. my
D. myself
9. My throat is very ________. I can hardly speak.
A. sore
B. sick
C. tired
D. ill
10. —It's raining heavily outside. How can we go home
—We ________ take a taxi or ask our parents for help.
A. must
B. shouldn't
C. could
D. need
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
David didn't feel well yesterday. He had a bad 11. ________ (stomach). His mother took him to see a doctor. The doctor asked, "What's the 12. ________ (matter) " David said, "I have a stomachache." The doctor checked him carefully and asked, "What did you eat last night " "I 13. ________ (eat) too much ice-cream and some fried chicken," David answered. The doctor said, "You 14. ________ (should) eat so much junk food. It's bad for your health. You 15. ________ (could) eat some soft food for now. And you need to rest 16. ________ (you) well at home." David promised to take care of 17. ________ (he). His mother bought some 18. ________ (medicine) for him. After taking the pills, he felt much 19. ________ (good). He learned a lesson: we must keep 20. ________ (our) healthy.
Passage 2
Last Sunday, Lisa was alone at home. She decided to cook a meal by 21. ________ (her). She washed some 22. ________ (vegetable) and started to cut them. But she wasn't careful enough. Suddenly, she cut 23. ________ (her) finger with the knife. It started to 24. ________ (bleed). Lisa was a little scared, but she quickly calmed down. She washed the cut 25. ________ (careful) under the water and put a bandage (创可贴) on it. When her parents came back, they were shocked. "What happened to you " they asked. Lisa told them the whole story. Her mother said, "You 26. ________ (should) be more careful next time. Cooking is not easy for a beginner." Her father added, "Yes, but you handled it well. We are proud of you for protecting 27. ________ (you)." Lisa smiled and said, "I know. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt 28. ________ (our). I will learn to take good care of 29. ________ (me). And maybe I 30. ________ (could) learn how to cook safely from you first."
Passage 3
Nowadays, many students have health problems because they don't have healthy lifestyles. Some students like playing computer games for a long time. It is 31. ________ (harm) to their eyes. Some students don't like playing sports. They just sit on the sofa and watch TV by 32. ________ (they). If you want to stay 33. ________ (health), here is some advice for you. First, you 34. ________ (should) stay up late. Going to bed early is a good habit. Second, you 35. ________ (could) take up a sport, like running or swimming. It will make your body strong. Third, you should eat more fruit and vegetables instead of junk food. If you have a 36. ________ (tooth), you shouldn't eat sweet things. If you have a cold or a 37. ________ (feverish), you should drink more hot 38. ________ (water) and have a good rest. Remember, health is the most important thing. We should take good care of 39. ________ (we). Everyone should learn to protect 40. ________ (they) in daily life.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——孩子们，昨天派对上你们都玩得开心吗？——是的，我们很开心。考查反身代词。enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心”。根据称呼语 kids (孩子们) 可知，应用复数反身代词 yourselves。故选C。
2.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你怎么了？——我牙痛得很厉害，不能吃任何硬的或冷的东西。考查常见疾病名词。toothache 牙痛；fever 发烧；cough 咳嗽；cold 感冒。根据“不能吃任何硬的或冷的东西”可知是牙痛。故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意：睡前你不应该喝那么多咖啡。那对你的睡眠不好。考查情态动词。could 可以；should 应该；shouldn't 不应该；couldn't 不能。根据“It's bad for your sleep.”可知，此处是给出的建议，表示“不应该”喝那么多咖啡。故选C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意：小汤姆才五岁，但他现在能自己穿衣服了。考查反身代词。dress oneself 意为“给自己穿衣服”。主语是 he (Tom)，因此反身代词用 himself。故选B。
5.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我喉咙痛。我该怎么办？——你可以喝些加蜂蜜的热水。可能会有帮助。考查情态动词。此处是针对健康问题提出委婉的建议，“可以”喝点热水，用 could。故选A。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意：玛丽自学弹钢琴。她真聪明。考查反身代词。teach oneself 意为“自学”。主语是 Mary (女名)，因此反身代词用 herself。故选A。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——迈克是怎么伤到自己的？——他昨天从自行车上摔下来了。考查反身代词。hurt oneself 意为“伤到自己”。主语是 Mike (男名)，反身代词用 himself。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个箱子太重了。我不能独自搬它。考查反身代词。by oneself 是固定短语，意为“独自地，靠自己”。主语是 I，所以用 by myself。故选D。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的喉咙很痛。我几乎不能说话。考查形容词。sore (身体部位)疼痛的，常修饰throat, back等；sick 恶心的/生病的；tired 疲劳的；ill 生病的。描述某个身体部位疼痛常用 sore。故选A。
10.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——外面雨下得很大。我们怎么回家？——我们可以打车或者向父母求助。考查情态动词。提出可能的解决办法和建议，意为“可以……”，语气较为委婉，用 could。故选C。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. stomachache。have a stomachache 意为“胃痛”，根据语境填疾病名词。
12. matter。What's the matter 意为“怎么了？”，医生询问病情的常用句型。
13. ate。根据问句 "What did you eat last night " 可知时态为一般过去时，eat 变为 ate。
14. shouldn't。根据后面的 "It's bad for your health." 可知，医生建议“不应该”吃这么多垃圾食品，填 shouldn't。
15. could。给出委婉的建议，“你可以吃些软的食物”，填 could。
16. yourself。主语是 you，rest 为动词，此处指“让你自己好好休息”，填反身代词 yourself。
17. himself。take care of oneself 照顾自己，主语是 David (男)，填 himself。
18. medicine。不可数名词，意为“药”，保持原形即可。
19. better。much 后接形容词比较级，feel much better 感觉好多了。
20. ourselves。keep sb/sth + adj.，主语是 we，所以此处填 ourselves 表示保持我们自己健康。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. herself。by oneself 表示“独自地”，主语是 She，填 herself。
22. vegetables。some 修饰可数名词复数，vegetable 变为 vegetables。
23. her。修饰名词 finger，用形容词性物主代词 her。
24. bleed。start to do sth 开始做某事，to 后面跟动词原形 bleed (流血)。
25. carefully。修饰动词 washed，用副词 carefully (小心地，仔细地)。
26. should。母亲给出的强烈建议，“你应该更小心些”，填 should。
27. yourself。protect oneself 保护自己，介词 for 后接动名词 protecting，其逻辑主语是 you，故填 yourself。
28. ourselves。hurt oneself 伤到自己，主语是 we，填 ourselves。
29. myself。take good care of oneself 照顾好自己，主语是 I，填 myself。
30. could。提出一种可能的建议，“也许我可以先向你们学习”，语气委婉，填 could。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. harmful。be harmful to... 对……有害的，填形容词 harmful。
32. themselves。by oneself 独自地，主语是 They，填 themselves。
33. healthy。stay 为系动词，后接形容词作表语，stay healthy 保持健康。
34. shouldn't。根据常识和下文的“早睡是个好习惯”，可知“不应该”熬夜，填 shouldn't。
35. could。给出建议，“你可以开始一项运动”，填 could。
36. toothache。have a toothache 牙痛。
37. fever。have a fever 发烧，名词形式。
38. water。不可数名词，喝些热水，直接填 water。
39. ourselves。take good care of oneself，主语是 We，填 ourselves。
40. themselves。protect oneself 保护自己，主语是 Everyone (作主语时后面的代词习惯用复数 they/them/themselves 替代)，填 themselves。

展开更多......

收起↑