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人教版八年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature)
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (Comparatives and Superlatives)
【规则变化】 当我们需要在两个或多个事物之间进行比较时，使用形容词或副词的比较级和最高级：
1. 比较级： 用于两者之间的比较。常见句型为：A + be动词 / 实义动词 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B。
2. 最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的比较。常见句型为：A + be动词 / 实义动词 + the + 形容词或副词的最高级 + in/of...范围。
3. 原级比较： as + 形容词/副词原级 + as（和……一样）。
【注意】 形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 the，但副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词” 表示“最……的之一”。
【拓展】 可以修饰比较级的程度副词有：much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still 等。绝对不能用 very 搭配比较级。
【例句】 The Amazon Rainforest is the world's biggest rainforest. 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林。
This river is longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
二、大数的读法和表达 (Large Numbers)
【规则变化】 大数单位词包括：hundred (百), thousand (千), million (百万), billion (十亿)。
1. 确数表达法： 当这些词前面有具体数字（如 two, three, several 等）时，它们必须用单数形式（即不加 -s），且后面不加 of。例如：six million (六百万), two thousand (两千)。
2. 概数表达法： 当表示不确定的、极大的数量时，必须用复数形式（加 -s），并且要和 of 连用。例如：millions of (数以百万计的), thousands of (成千上万的)。
【易错点】 切忌将确数和概数混合。例如：不能说 two millions of，要么是 two million，要么是 millions of。
【例句】 The Amazon Rainforest covers 6 million square kilometres. 亚马逊雨林覆盖了六百万平方公里。
Every year, thousands of tourists come to visit Mount Qomolangma. 每年，成千上万的游客来参观珠穆朗玛峰。
三、How 引导的特殊疑问句 (Questions with How + adj/adv)
【规则变化】 用来询问物体的长度、高度、距离、深度或频率时，常用“How + 形容词/副词”引导的特殊疑问句。
常用的有：
1. How far: 提问距离 (多远)
2. How long: 提问长度或时间段 (多长，多久)
3. How heavy: 提问重量 (多重)
4. How deep: 提问深度 (多深)
5. How high / tall: 提问高度 (多高)
6. How often: 提问频率 (多久一次)
【例句】 How far is it from your home to school 从你家到学校有多远？
How heavy is a blue whale 一头蓝鲸有多重？
How large is your country 你的国家有多大？
How often do you exercise 你多久锻炼一次？
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. It is bigger ________ any other desert.
A. as
B. to
C. than
D. of
2. —Look at the news! China has built the longest train system in the world.
—Wow, it is ________.
A. the most amazing
B. more amazing
C. amazing
D. least amazing
3. The Amazon Rainforest covers about 6 ________ square kilometres.
A. millions of
B. millions
C. million
D. million of
4. —________ is it from your home to school
—It's about two kilometres.
A. How long
B. How far
C. How deep
D. How often
5. Mount Qomolangma is one of ________ in the world.
A. the highest mountain
B. highest mountains
C. the highest mountains
D. higher mountains
6. Nature is making the river ________ than before because of heavy rain.
A. much deeper
B. deep
C. very deeper
D. the deepest
7. The Great Wall is one of the greatest ________ of the world.
A. wonder
B. wonders
C. wonderful
D. wondering
8. —________ is a blue whale
—It can weigh up to 200 tons.
A. How deep
B. How large
C. How far
D. How heavy
9. There are ________ trees planted around the lake every year.
A. thousand of
B. thousands of
C. two thousands
D. thousand
10. This mountain is not ________ that one. They are quite different.
A. as high as
B. as higher as
C. high than
D. highest as
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Mount Qomolangma is the 11. ________ (high) mountain in the world. It is higher 12. ________ any other mountain. It is located in the Himalayas. Every year, 13. ________ (thousand) of climbers from all over the world come to challenge themselves. They want to reach the top. However, it is one of the 14. ________ (dangerous) places on earth. The higher you go, the 15. ________ (hard) it is to breathe. The weather changes very 16. ________ (quick). Sometimes there are terrible snowstorms. A climber must be much 17. ________ (careful) than usual. Although climbing Mount Qomolangma is risky, people never stop exploring. They believe that standing on the 18. ________ (top) of the world is the 19. ________ (great) achievement. Do you know how 20. ________ (high) it is It is 8,848.86 metres high!
Passage 2
The Amazon Rainforest is the 21. ________ (world) biggest rainforest. It covers about 6 22. ________ (million) square kilometres. It goes across nine countries in South America. The rainforest is full of wonders. It is home to millions 23. ________ animals and plants. Some of them are the most 24. ________ (unusual) species in the world. The Amazon River runs through the forest. It is the second 25. ________ (long) river in the world, only shorter than the Nile River. But it carries 26. ________ (much) water than any other river. Do you know how 27. ________ (deep) the river is In some places, it is over 100 metres deep. The rainforest helps to clean the air and water, so it is the 28. ________ (good) protector for the earth. However, human activities are hurting the forest. We must try our 29. ________ (good) to protect it before things get 30. ________ (bad).
Passage 3
Welcome to our geography game show! Today we are going to talk about some amazing facts about the earth. First question: 31. ________ far is it from the earth to the moon It's about 384,400 kilometres. That's a very 32. ________ (large) number. Second question: Which is the 33. ________ (deep) ocean in the world Yes, it's the Pacific Ocean. It is much deeper 34. ________ the Atlantic Ocean. Third question: How 35. ________ (heavy) is a blue whale Well, a blue whale can weigh up to 200 tons. It is the 36. ________ (large) animal ever known to have lived on earth. It is much 37. ________ (big) than an elephant. Fourth question: Which country has the 38. ________ (large) population India has slightly 39. ________ (many) people than China now. Our world is so 40. ________ (wonder)! We should learn more about nature.人教版八年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature)
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (Comparatives and Superlatives)
【规则变化】 当我们需要在两个或多个事物之间进行比较时，使用形容词或副词的比较级和最高级：
1. 比较级： 用于两者之间的比较。常见句型为：A + be动词 / 实义动词 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B。
2. 最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的比较。常见句型为：A + be动词 / 实义动词 + the + 形容词或副词的最高级 + in/of...范围。
3. 原级比较： as + 形容词/副词原级 + as（和……一样）。
【注意】 形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 the，但副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词” 表示“最……的之一”。
【拓展】 可以修饰比较级的程度副词有：much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still 等。绝对不能用 very 搭配比较级。
【例句】 The Amazon Rainforest is the world's biggest rainforest. 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林。
This river is longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
二、大数的读法和表达 (Large Numbers)
【规则变化】 大数单位词包括：hundred (百), thousand (千), million (百万), billion (十亿)。
1. 确数表达法： 当这些词前面有具体数字（如 two, three, several 等）时，它们必须用单数形式（即不加 -s），且后面不加 of。例如：six million (六百万), two thousand (两千)。
2. 概数表达法： 当表示不确定的、极大的数量时，必须用复数形式（加 -s），并且要和 of 连用。例如：millions of (数以百万计的), thousands of (成千上万的)。
【易错点】 切忌将确数和概数混合。例如：不能说 two millions of，要么是 two million，要么是 millions of。
【例句】 The Amazon Rainforest covers 6 million square kilometres. 亚马逊雨林覆盖了六百万平方公里。
Every year, thousands of tourists come to visit Mount Qomolangma. 每年，成千上万的游客来参观珠穆朗玛峰。
三、How 引导的特殊疑问句 (Questions with How + adj/adv)
【规则变化】 用来询问物体的长度、高度、距离、深度或频率时，常用“How + 形容词/副词”引导的特殊疑问句。
常用的有：
1. How far: 提问距离 (多远)
2. How long: 提问长度或时间段 (多长，多久)
3. How heavy: 提问重量 (多重)
4. How deep: 提问深度 (多深)
5. How high / tall: 提问高度 (多高)
6. How often: 提问频率 (多久一次)
【例句】 How far is it from your home to school 从你家到学校有多远？
How heavy is a blue whale 一头蓝鲸有多重？
How large is your country 你的国家有多大？
How often do you exercise 你多久锻炼一次？
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. It is bigger ________ any other desert.
A. as
B. to
C. than
D. of
2. —Look at the news! China has built the longest train system in the world.
—Wow, it is ________.
A. the most amazing
B. more amazing
C. amazing
D. least amazing
3. The Amazon Rainforest covers about 6 ________ square kilometres.
A. millions of
B. millions
C. million
D. million of
4. —________ is it from your home to school
—It's about two kilometres.
A. How long
B. How far
C. How deep
D. How often
5. Mount Qomolangma is one of ________ in the world.
A. the highest mountain
B. highest mountains
C. the highest mountains
D. higher mountains
6. Nature is making the river ________ than before because of heavy rain.
A. much deeper
B. deep
C. very deeper
D. the deepest
7. The Great Wall is one of the greatest ________ of the world.
A. wonder
B. wonders
C. wonderful
D. wondering
8. —________ is a blue whale
—It can weigh up to 200 tons.
A. How deep
B. How large
C. How far
D. How heavy
9. There are ________ trees planted around the lake every year.
A. thousand of
B. thousands of
C. two thousands
D. thousand
10. This mountain is not ________ that one. They are quite different.
A. as high as
B. as higher as
C. high than
D. highest as
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Mount Qomolangma is the 11. ________ (high) mountain in the world. It is higher 12. ________ any other mountain. It is located in the Himalayas. Every year, 13. ________ (thousand) of climbers from all over the world come to challenge themselves. They want to reach the top. However, it is one of the 14. ________ (dangerous) places on earth. The higher you go, the 15. ________ (hard) it is to breathe. The weather changes very 16. ________ (quick). Sometimes there are terrible snowstorms. A climber must be much 17. ________ (careful) than usual. Although climbing Mount Qomolangma is risky, people never stop exploring. They believe that standing on the 18. ________ (top) of the world is the 19. ________ (great) achievement. Do you know how 20. ________ (high) it is It is 8,848.86 metres high!
Passage 2
The Amazon Rainforest is the 21. ________ (world) biggest rainforest. It covers about 6 22. ________ (million) square kilometres. It goes across nine countries in South America. The rainforest is full of wonders. It is home to millions 23. ________ animals and plants. Some of them are the most 24. ________ (unusual) species in the world. The Amazon River runs through the forest. It is the second 25. ________ (long) river in the world, only shorter than the Nile River. But it carries 26. ________ (much) water than any other river. Do you know how 27. ________ (deep) the river is In some places, it is over 100 metres deep. The rainforest helps to clean the air and water, so it is the 28. ________ (good) protector for the earth. However, human activities are hurting the forest. We must try our 29. ________ (good) to protect it before things get 30. ________ (bad).
Passage 3
Welcome to our geography game show! Today we are going to talk about some amazing facts about the earth. First question: 31. ________ far is it from the earth to the moon It's about 384,400 kilometres. That's a very 32. ________ (large) number. Second question: Which is the 33. ________ (deep) ocean in the world Yes, it's the Pacific Ocean. It is much deeper 34. ________ the Atlantic Ocean. Third question: How 35. ________ (heavy) is a blue whale Well, a blue whale can weigh up to 200 tons. It is the 36. ________ (large) animal ever known to have lived on earth. It is much 37. ________ (big) than an elephant. Fourth question: Which country has the 38. ________ (large) population India has slightly 39. ________ (many) people than China now. Our world is so 40. ________ (wonder)! We should learn more about nature.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】C
【解析】句意：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。它比其他任何沙漠都大。考查比较级的连词。比较级 bigger 后面跟 than，表示“比……更……”。故选C。
2.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——看新闻！中国建成了世界上最长的铁路系统。——哇，这是最令人惊叹的。考查最高级。上文提到“longest (最长的)”，在全世界范围内，应用最高级 the most amazing，表示惊叹的程度。故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意：亚马逊雨林面积约六百万平方公里。考查大数的表达。million 前有具体数字 6 时，不用复数，且不加 of。故选C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——从你家到学校有多远？——大概两公里。考查疑问词组。根据回答“two kilometres (两公里)”可知，提问的是距离，用 How far。故选B。
5.【答案】C
【解析】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰之一。考查最高级的固定结构。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”意为“最……的之一”。最高级前需有 the，且名词 mountain 必须用复数 mountains。故选C。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意：大雨使这条河比以前深得多。考查比较级及修饰语。由 than 可知用比较级 deeper。very 不能修饰比较级，much 可以修饰比较级，表示“深得多”。故选A。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。考查名词复数。“one of the + 形容词最高级”后面接可数名词复数，wonder的复数是wonders。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】句意：——一头蓝鲸有多重？——它可以重达200吨。考查疑问副词短语。答语为200 tons，说明询问的是重量，用 How heavy。故选D。
9.【答案】B
【解析】句意：每年湖边都会种下成千上万棵树。考查大数的概数表达。表示“成千上万的”要用 thousands of。故选B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】句意：这座山不如那座山高。它们差别很大。考查原级比较结构。否定形式为 not as...as，中间必须用形容词原级 high。故选A。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. highest。the 后接形容词最高级，表示最高峰。
12. than。与比较级 higher 连用，表示比其他任何山都高。
13. thousands。thousands of 表示“成千上万的”，概数表达加 -s。
14. most dangerous。one of the + 最高级，多音节词 dangerous 的最高级在前面加 most。
15. harder。the + 比较级, the + 比较级，表示“越……，越……”，hard 变 harder。
16. quickly。修饰动词 changes 需用副词 quickly。
17. more careful。much 修饰比较级，careful 的比较级为 more careful。
18. top。on the top of... 为固定短语，意为“在……的顶端”。
19. greatest。the 提示最高级，表示最伟大的成就，great 变为 greatest。
20. high。how high 意为“多高”，用来提问高度。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. world's。名词所有格，the world's biggest rainforest (世界上最大的雨林)。
22. million。前面有具体数字 6，million 不加 -s。
23. of。millions of (数以百万计的)，表示极大的概数。
24. unusual。the most 提示其后为形容词原级构成最高级，直接填 unusual。
25. longest。the second longest river 表示“第二长河”。
26. more。than 提示用比较级，修饰不可数名词 water 用 much 的比较级 more。
27. deep。how deep 用来提问河的深度。
28. best。the 提示最高级，good 的最高级为 best。
29. best。try one's best 意为“尽某人最大努力”，固定搭配。
30. worse。get 为系动词，其后跟比较级表示“变得更糟”，bad 的比较级为 worse。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. How。How far 用来提问距离，句首首字母需大写。
32. large。前面有 a very 修饰，填入形容词原级 large 即可。
33. deepest。the 提示最高级，表示世界上最深的海洋，用 deepest。
34. than。比较级 deeper 后跟的连词，表示“比”。
35. heavy。how heavy 提问重量。
36. largest。the 提示最高级，大数的比较中表示“最大的”，large 的最高级为 largest。
37. bigger。than 提示用比较级，big 需双写 g 再加 -er，变为 bigger。
38. largest。the 提示最高级，拥有最大的人口数量，用 largest。
39. more。than 提示用比较级，many 的比较级为 more。
40. wonderful。so 后跟形容词原级，wonder 的形容词形式为 wonderful。

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