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人教版八年级下册Unit 5单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 5 Nature's Temper)
一、过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 的构成与基本用法
【规则变化】 过去进行时由“was / were ＋ 动词-ing”构成。它表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
肯定句：主语 + was/were + doing sth.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + doing sth.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + doing sth.
【注意】 除非有上下文暗示，过去进行时一般与表示过去特定时刻的时间状语连用，如 at that time, at 8:00 last night, then 等。过去进行时也常用来为一个或一系列过去动作的发生提供背景。
【例句】 What were you doing while it was snowing heavily 下大雪的时候你在干什么？
I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。
Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. 那天早上，大家都在享受美好的天气。（提供故事背景）
二、when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句
【规则变化】 在过去进行时的语境中，when 和 while 是最常用的两个连词：
1. when 意为“当……时；就在那时”，其引导的从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）。
2. while 意为“在……期间；当……时”，其引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且多用进行时态。
【拓展】 常见的三种时态搭配句型：
① 主句(过去进行时) + when + 从句(一般过去时)。表示“正在做某事，这时突然发生另一件事”。
② 主句(一般过去时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)。表示“当某人正在做某事时，发生了一次性动作”。
③ 主句(过去进行时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)。表示“两个延续性的动作同时在过去进行”。
【例句】 We were visiting our relatives when the strong winds started. 我们正在走访亲戚，这时强风突然刮了起来。 (进行动作被打断)
While they were waiting, the little girl started to cry. 当他们正在等待时，小女孩开始哭了起来。 (进行动作期间发生瞬间动作)
I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. 妈妈在做午饭时，我正在做一些家务。 (两个动作同时进行)
三、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
【规则变化】 过去进行时强调动作在过去某一时间**正在进行或持续**，强调过程，不一定已经完成。
一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，与现在不发生联系，且动作通常**已经完成**。
【易错点】 受中文习惯影响，容易在“突然被打断”的语境中乱用时态。请牢记：被打破的、持续较长的动作用过去进行时；打断别人的、短暂瞬间的动作用一般过去时。
【例句】 David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（动作持续，不一定写完了）
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了一封信。（动作发生过，且已完成）
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. —I called you at 8:00 last night, but nobody answered.
—Sorry, I ________ a shower at that time.
A. take
B. took
C. am taking
D. was taking
2. I was walking down the street ________ a sudden rainstorm started.
A. when
B. while
C. after
D. before
3. ________ my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was cooking dinner.
A. When
B. While
C. Because
D. So
4. —What were your family doing when the typhoon ________
—My children and I were reading together.
A. hit
B. hits
C. was hitting
D. is hitting
5. Look at the dark clouds! The radio says a ________ is coming. We'd better go home quickly.
A. sunshine
B. rainstorm
C. mild wind
D. gentle breeze
6. The little boy started to cry ________ he was waiting for his mother at the station.
A. when
B. while
C. until
D. if
7. Yesterday, Ben ________ TV in the living room when his uncle came to visit.
A. watches
B. watched
C. was watching
D. is watching
8. What ________ you ________ at the time of the earthquake
A. did; do
B. are; doing
C. were; doing
D. do; do
9. My mother ________ some clothes while I ________ the floor.
A. was washing; was sweeping
B. washed; swept
C. washes; sweeps
D. was washing; swept
10. The students ________ basketball on the playground from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
A. play
B. played
C. were playing
D. are playing
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
It was a terrible weekend. A strong typhoon 11. ________ (hit) our city. When it arrived, my family and I 12. ________ (stay) at home. My father 13. ________ (read) a newspaper while my mother 14. ________ (cook) in the kitchen. I 15. ________ (do) my homework in my room. Suddenly, the lights 16. ________ (go) out. We 17. ________ (be) in the dark. Outside, the wind 18. ________ (blow) heavily and the rain 19. ________ (pour) down. It was so scary. Luckily, nobody was hurt, but many trees 20. ________ (fall) down in the streets.
Passage 2
Yesterday afternoon, I had a terrifying experience. I 21. ________ (walk) home from school when I suddenly 22. ________ (feel) the ground shaking. It was an earthquake! People 23. ________ (run) out of the buildings in panic. A woman 24. ________ (cry) while she 25. ________ (look) for her child. Some brave people 26. ________ (help) the old and the young to find safe places. While we 27. ________ (wait) in the open space, it started to rain. We 28. ________ (stand) in the rain for an hour until the earthquake stopped. I 29. ________ (be) so glad when I finally 30. ________ (see) my parents looking for me.
Passage 3
Last winter, my family had an unforgettable experience during a snowstorm. It started one evening while we 31. ________ (enjoy) a quiet night at home. My parents 32. ________ (watch) TV while my brother 33. ________ (play) a computer game. I, on the other hand, 34. ________ (stand) by the bedroom window. Thick snow 35. ________ (fall) and the world outside was growing whiter and whiter. When we 36. ________ (wake) up the next morning, the snow was still falling. The street 37. ________ (be) covered with deep snow. Some neighborhood workers 38. ________ (clear) the snow on the road so that cars could pass. I put on my warm clothes and 39. ________ (go) out to help them. While I 40. ________ (work) with them, I felt really warm and proud.人教版八年级下册Unit 5单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 5 Nature's Temper)
一、过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 的构成与基本用法
【规则变化】 过去进行时由“was / were ＋ 动词-ing”构成。它表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
肯定句：主语 + was/were + doing sth.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + doing sth.
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + doing sth.
【注意】 除非有上下文暗示，过去进行时一般与表示过去特定时刻的时间状语连用，如 at that time, at 8:00 last night, then 等。过去进行时也常用来为一个或一系列过去动作的发生提供背景。
【例句】 What were you doing while it was snowing heavily 下大雪的时候你在干什么？
I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。
Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. 那天早上，大家都在享受美好的天气。（提供故事背景）
二、when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句
【规则变化】 在过去进行时的语境中，when 和 while 是最常用的两个连词：
1. when 意为“当……时；就在那时”，其引导的从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词（瞬间动词）。
2. while 意为“在……期间；当……时”，其引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且多用进行时态。
【拓展】 常见的三种时态搭配句型：
① 主句(过去进行时) + when + 从句(一般过去时)。表示“正在做某事，这时突然发生另一件事”。
② 主句(一般过去时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)。表示“当某人正在做某事时，发生了一次性动作”。
③ 主句(过去进行时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)。表示“两个延续性的动作同时在过去进行”。
【例句】 We were visiting our relatives when the strong winds started. 我们正在走访亲戚，这时强风突然刮了起来。 (进行动作被打断)
While they were waiting, the little girl started to cry. 当他们正在等待时，小女孩开始哭了起来。 (进行动作期间发生瞬间动作)
I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. 妈妈在做午饭时，我正在做一些家务。 (两个动作同时进行)
三、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
【规则变化】 过去进行时强调动作在过去某一时间**正在进行或持续**，强调过程，不一定已经完成。
一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，与现在不发生联系，且动作通常**已经完成**。
【易错点】 受中文习惯影响，容易在“突然被打断”的语境中乱用时态。请牢记：被打破的、持续较长的动作用过去进行时；打断别人的、短暂瞬间的动作用一般过去时。
【例句】 David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（动作持续，不一定写完了）
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了一封信。（动作发生过，且已完成）
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. —I called you at 8:00 last night, but nobody answered.
—Sorry, I ________ a shower at that time.
A. take
B. took
C. am taking
D. was taking
2. I was walking down the street ________ a sudden rainstorm started.
A. when
B. while
C. after
D. before
3. ________ my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was cooking dinner.
A. When
B. While
C. Because
D. So
4. —What were your family doing when the typhoon ________
—My children and I were reading together.
A. hit
B. hits
C. was hitting
D. is hitting
5. Look at the dark clouds! The radio says a ________ is coming. We'd better go home quickly.
A. sunshine
B. rainstorm
C. mild wind
D. gentle breeze
6. The little boy started to cry ________ he was waiting for his mother at the station.
A. when
B. while
C. until
D. if
7. Yesterday, Ben ________ TV in the living room when his uncle came to visit.
A. watches
B. watched
C. was watching
D. is watching
8. What ________ you ________ at the time of the earthquake
A. did; do
B. are; doing
C. were; doing
D. do; do
9. My mother ________ some clothes while I ________ the floor.
A. was washing; was sweeping
B. washed; swept
C. washes; sweeps
D. was washing; swept
10. The students ________ basketball on the playground from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
A. play
B. played
C. were playing
D. are playing
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
It was a terrible weekend. A strong typhoon 11. ________ (hit) our city. When it arrived, my family and I 12. ________ (stay) at home. My father 13. ________ (read) a newspaper while my mother 14. ________ (cook) in the kitchen. I 15. ________ (do) my homework in my room. Suddenly, the lights 16. ________ (go) out. We 17. ________ (be) in the dark. Outside, the wind 18. ________ (blow) heavily and the rain 19. ________ (pour) down. It was so scary. Luckily, nobody was hurt, but many trees 20. ________ (fall) down in the streets.
Passage 2
Yesterday afternoon, I had a terrifying experience. I 21. ________ (walk) home from school when I suddenly 22. ________ (feel) the ground shaking. It was an earthquake! People 23. ________ (run) out of the buildings in panic. A woman 24. ________ (cry) while she 25. ________ (look) for her child. Some brave people 26. ________ (help) the old and the young to find safe places. While we 27. ________ (wait) in the open space, it started to rain. We 28. ________ (stand) in the rain for an hour until the earthquake stopped. I 29. ________ (be) so glad when I finally 30. ________ (see) my parents looking for me.
Passage 3
Last winter, my family had an unforgettable experience during a snowstorm. It started one evening while we 31. ________ (enjoy) a quiet night at home. My parents 32. ________ (watch) TV while my brother 33. ________ (play) a computer game. I, on the other hand, 34. ________ (stand) by the bedroom window. Thick snow 35. ________ (fall) and the world outside was growing whiter and whiter. When we 36. ________ (wake) up the next morning, the snow was still falling. The street 37. ________ (be) covered with deep snow. Some neighborhood workers 38. ________ (clear) the snow on the road so that cars could pass. I put on my warm clothes and 39. ________ (go) out to help them. While I 40. ________ (work) with them, I felt really warm and proud.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】D
【解析】句意：——昨晚8点我给你打电话，但没人接。——对不起，我那时正在洗澡。考查过去进行时。根据时间状语 "at 8:00 last night" 和 "at that time" 可知，动作发生在过去某一具体时刻，表示当时正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时 (was/were doing)。主语是 I，故选D。
2.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正走在街上，这时突然下起了暴雨。考查连词用法。这是一个固定句型："was/were doing sth. when did sth."（正在做某事，这时突然发生了另一件事）。when 在这里强调突发性，意为“就在那时”。故选A。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我爸爸正在看报纸时，我妈妈正在做晚饭。考查连词用法。前后两个分句都是过去进行时，表示两个延续性动作在过去同一时间段内同时进行，此时最常用的引导词是 while（在……期间）。故选B。
4.【答案】A
【解析】句意：——台风来袭时，你们一家在做什么？——我和孩子们正在一起看书。考查动词时态与连词。when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时 (were reading)，从句通常用一般过去时表示打断进行状态的瞬间动作。hit 的过去式仍为 hit。故选A。
5.【答案】B
【解析】句意：看那些乌云！收音机说一场暴风雨要来了。我们最好快点回家。考查名词辨析。sunshine 阳光；rainstorm 暴风雨；mild wind 微风；gentle breeze 和风。根据 "dark clouds" (乌云) 可知是暴风雨要来了。故选B。
6.【答案】B
【解析】句意：小男孩在车站等妈妈时哭了起来。考查连词辨析。wait (等待) 是延续性动词，从句用的是过去进行时 (was waiting)，引导此类表示“在……期间”的进行时态从句首选 while。故选B。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意：昨天，本正在客厅看电视，这时他叔叔来拜访了。考查过去进行时。固定句式：sb. was/were doing sth. when sb. did sth. (某人正在做某事，这时突然发生另一件事)。主句强调正在进行的背景动作，用过去进行时 was watching。故选C。
8.【答案】C
【解析】句意：地震发生的时候你们在干什么？考查特殊疑问句。时间状语 "at the time of the earthquake" 指代过去某一个特定的突发时刻，询问在这个时刻正在做什么，要用过去进行时 (were doing)。故选C。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我扫地的时候，妈妈在洗衣服。考查过去进行时。连词 while 连接两个同时正在发生的延续性动作时，主从句均用过去进行时。故选A。
10.【答案】C
【解析】句意：昨天下午 3点到 5点，学生们在操场上打篮球。考查过去进行时。时间状语 "from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon" 表示在过去一段特定的持续时间内一直进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语 students 为复数，用 were playing。故选C。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. hit。讲述上周末发生的事，台风袭击城市是一个瞬间动作，用一般过去时。hit 的过去式为 hit。
12. were staying。当台风到达时（瞬间），“我们”正在家里待着（状态背景），用过去进行时。
13. was reading。while 引导的同时进行的动作，爸爸正在看报纸，过去进行时。
14. was cooking。while 连接的同时进行的动作，妈妈正在做饭，过去进行时。
15. was doing。承接上文的家庭活动背景，我正在做作业，过去进行时。
16. went。Suddenly (突然) 提示动作打断了前文的进行状态，灯突然熄灭为瞬间动作，用一般过去时。go 的过去式为 went。
17. were。描述过去的状态“我们在黑暗中”，一般过去时，主语 we 用 were。
18. was blowing。描述当时正在发生的环境背景，风在刮，用过去进行时。
19. was pouring。与 was blowing 并列，雨在倾盆而下，用过去进行时。
20. fell。讲述台风过后的结果/已发生的事实，树倒了，一般过去时。fall 的过去式为 fell。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. was walking。固定句型 "was doing when did"。我正在走回家，用过去进行时。
22. felt。when 引导的突然发生的打断性动作，feel 的过去式为 felt。
23. were running。描绘地震发生时人们正在惊慌逃跑的画面，用过去进行时。
24. was crying。while 引导的两个同时发生的进行时动作之一：女人在哭。
25. was looking。while 引导从句，强调“在寻找孩子期间”，用过去进行时。
26. were helping。描绘灾难发生时正在进行的救援画面背景，用过去进行时。
27. were waiting。while 引导的时间状语从句，表示“正在空地上等待时”，用过去进行时。
28. stood / were standing。表示在雨中站了一个小时，强调动作完成了用 stood，强调一直在站的过程用 were standing 均可接受。
29. was。描述看到父母时的情感状态，用一般过去时。
30. saw。when 引导的时间状语从句，瞬间看到的动作，一般过去时。see的过去式为 saw。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. were enjoying。while 引导的时间状语从句，表示动作正在发生期间，用过去进行时。
32. were watching。while 连接两个同时进行的动作之一，父母在看电视。
33. was playing。哥哥在玩电脑游戏，与父母看电视同时进行，过去进行时。
34. was standing。背景描写，我正站在窗边，过去进行时。
35. was falling。背景描写，雪正下着，用过去进行时。
36. woke。when 引导的表示过去动作的一般过去时从句，醒来是瞬间动作，用 woke。
37. was。描述街道被雪覆盖的既定状态，用一般过去时的被动语态（was covered）。
38. were clearing。描绘当时工作人员正在清理积雪的画面，用过去进行时。
39. went。穿上衣服并走出去，表示一连串发生的动作，用一般过去时，go的过去式为 went。
40. was working。while 引导从句，强调“正在与他们一起工作期间”，用过去进行时。

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