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人教版八年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 A Good Read)
一、现在完成时的构成与基本用法 (Present Perfect Tense)
【规则变化】 现在完成时由“助动词 have / has ＋ 过去分词”构成。其中，主语是第三人称单数时用 has，其余人称用 have。
肯定句：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词.
否定句：主语 + have / has + not (haven't / hasn't) + 动词过去分词.
一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词
【注意】 现在完成时主要表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。它强调的是此时此刻的情况，因此不能和明显表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday, last night, in 1990 等）连用。
【例句】 —Have you chosen a book for your report yet 你选好做报告的书了吗？
—Yes, I've picked The Final Problem. 是的，我选了《最后一案》。（影响：我已经不用再选了）
二、现在完成时的标志词 (already, yet, never, ever, just)
【规则变化】 现在完成时经常与 already、never、ever、just、before、yet 等副词连用：
1. already (已经)：多用于肯定句，常放在 have/has 之后或句末。
2. yet (还，已经)：多用于否定句或疑问句的句末。
3. just (刚刚)：表示动作刚发生不久，多用于肯定句，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。
4. ever (曾经)：多用于疑问句，放在主语和过去分词之间。
5. never (从不)：表示否定意义，用于肯定句结构中。
【易错点】 already 和 yet 在中文里都常被翻译成“已经”，但在英语中，如果是在疑问句中问“你已经做完某事了吗？”，句末必须用 yet，不能用 already。
【例句】 Has Chen Jie read this book yet 陈洁读过这本书了吗？
No, but she's already borrowed it from the library. 还没有，但她已经从图书馆借来了。
I've just finished Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 我刚刚读完《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。
三、have/has been (to) 与 have/has gone (to) 的区别
【规则变化】
1. have (has) been to：表示“曾经到过某地”（动作已结束，现在人已经回来了）。
2. have (has) gone to：表示“已经去某地了”（动作还在持续，现在人还在路上或已经在那里，不在说话地点）。
【注意】 如果是在和对方对话，通常不会用“You have gone to...”或“I have gone to...”，因为既然能直接对话，说明人在这里。
【例句】 Helen has been to Xi'an once. 海伦曾经去过西安一次。（现在人不在西安了）
Helen has gone to Xi'an. She'll be back in a week. 海伦已经去西安了。她一周后回来。（现在人在西安或在去西安的路上）
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I ________ just finished reading The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It's a great book.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. having
2. —________ you ever read Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
—No, never.
A. Do
B. Did
C. Have
D. Has
3. Has Peter decided on a book for his reading report ________
A. already
B. yet
C. just
D. ever
4. Mary isn't here right now. She has ________ to the library to return some books.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. going
5. I have ________ watched the movie, so I don't want to watch it again with you.
A. yet
B. already
C. never
D. ever
6. He has ________ seen snow before, because he lives in a very warm city in the south.
A. never
B. ever
C. already
D. yet
7. —Where is your father I can't find him.
—He has ________ to Beijing on business.
A. been
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
8. —Have you ________ to Xi'an
—Yes, I went there with my parents last year.
A. gone
B. went
C. been
D. go
9. My sister has ________ returned the book to the library. She did it this morning.
A. already
B. yet
C. never
D. ever
10. They ________ finished reading the novel yet. They still have two chapters left.
A. don't
B. didn't
C. aren't
D. haven't
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I love reading. I 11. ________ (read) many classic novels so far. Recently, I have 12. ________ (just) finished The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It is a great book. Have you 13. ________ (ever) read it My friend Peter hasn't read it 14. ________ (yet). But he has 15. ________ (already) borrowed it from the library. He says he will read it tonight. What 16. ________ you 17. ________ (read) recently There are many fantastic books in our school library. My teacher has 18. ________ (recommend) Oliver Twist to me. I have 19. ________ (never) heard of it before, but I think I will enjoy it. I have 20. ________ (decide) to start reading it next week.
Passage 2
My uncle is a famous writer. He loves travelling very much. He has 21. ________ (be) to many countries in the world. He has 22. ________ (already) written three books about his trips. Last week, he told me that he had a new plan. Now, he has 23. ________ (go) to South America. He has 24. ________ (never) been there before. He wants to explore the Amazon Rainforest and write a new book. I haven't 25. ________ (receive) any letters from him 26. ________ (yet). But he has 27. ________ (just) sent my mother a message online. He says he 28. ________ (find) some amazing plants there. Have you 29. ________ (ever) travelled to a rainforest I hope I can go there too, but I haven't 30. ________ (prepare) well yet.
Passage 3
We are having a reading week at school. Every student has to write a book report. 31. ________ you 32. ________ (choose) a book for your report yet I have 33. ________ (pick) Journey to the West. I have 34. ________ (always) liked stories about the Monkey King. Sun Wukong is the most powerful character. He uses his magic to defeat enemies. Have you ever 35. ________ (hear) of him Most Chinese people have 36. ________ (know) this story since they were young. My classmate Sarah has 37. ________ (already) finished her report. She wrote about The Old Man and the Sea. It is a classic novel. I haven't 38. ________ (start) writing my report 39. ________ (yet). I have 40. ________ (just) read half of my book. I need to hurry up!人教版八年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 A Good Read)
一、现在完成时的构成与基本用法 (Present Perfect Tense)
【规则变化】 现在完成时由“助动词 have / has ＋ 过去分词”构成。其中，主语是第三人称单数时用 has，其余人称用 have。
肯定句：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词.
否定句：主语 + have / has + not (haven't / hasn't) + 动词过去分词.
一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词
【注意】 现在完成时主要表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。它强调的是此时此刻的情况，因此不能和明显表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday, last night, in 1990 等）连用。
【例句】 —Have you chosen a book for your report yet 你选好做报告的书了吗？
—Yes, I've picked The Final Problem. 是的，我选了《最后一案》。（影响：我已经不用再选了）
二、现在完成时的标志词 (already, yet, never, ever, just)
【规则变化】 现在完成时经常与 already、never、ever、just、before、yet 等副词连用：
1. already (已经)：多用于肯定句，常放在 have/has 之后或句末。
2. yet (还，已经)：多用于否定句或疑问句的句末。
3. just (刚刚)：表示动作刚发生不久，多用于肯定句，放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。
4. ever (曾经)：多用于疑问句，放在主语和过去分词之间。
5. never (从不)：表示否定意义，用于肯定句结构中。
【易错点】 already 和 yet 在中文里都常被翻译成“已经”，但在英语中，如果是在疑问句中问“你已经做完某事了吗？”，句末必须用 yet，不能用 already。
【例句】 Has Chen Jie read this book yet 陈洁读过这本书了吗？
No, but she's already borrowed it from the library. 还没有，但她已经从图书馆借来了。
I've just finished Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 我刚刚读完《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。
三、have/has been (to) 与 have/has gone (to) 的区别
【规则变化】
1. have (has) been to：表示“曾经到过某地”（动作已结束，现在人已经回来了）。
2. have (has) gone to：表示“已经去某地了”（动作还在持续，现在人还在路上或已经在那里，不在说话地点）。
【注意】 如果是在和对方对话，通常不会用“You have gone to...”或“I have gone to...”，因为既然能直接对话，说明人在这里。
【例句】 Helen has been to Xi'an once. 海伦曾经去过西安一次。（现在人不在西安了）
Helen has gone to Xi'an. She'll be back in a week. 海伦已经去西安了。她一周后回来。（现在人在西安或在去西安的路上）
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I ________ just finished reading The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It's a great book.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. having
2. —________ you ever read Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
—No, never.
A. Do
B. Did
C. Have
D. Has
3. Has Peter decided on a book for his reading report ________
A. already
B. yet
C. just
D. ever
4. Mary isn't here right now. She has ________ to the library to return some books.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. going
5. I have ________ watched the movie, so I don't want to watch it again with you.
A. yet
B. already
C. never
D. ever
6. He has ________ seen snow before, because he lives in a very warm city in the south.
A. never
B. ever
C. already
D. yet
7. —Where is your father I can't find him.
—He has ________ to Beijing on business.
A. been
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
8. —Have you ________ to Xi'an
—Yes, I went there with my parents last year.
A. gone
B. went
C. been
D. go
9. My sister has ________ returned the book to the library. She did it this morning.
A. already
B. yet
C. never
D. ever
10. They ________ finished reading the novel yet. They still have two chapters left.
A. don't
B. didn't
C. aren't
D. haven't
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
I love reading. I 11. ________ (read) many classic novels so far. Recently, I have 12. ________ (just) finished The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It is a great book. Have you 13. ________ (ever) read it My friend Peter hasn't read it 14. ________ (yet). But he has 15. ________ (already) borrowed it from the library. He says he will read it tonight. What 16. ________ you 17. ________ (read) recently There are many fantastic books in our school library. My teacher has 18. ________ (recommend) Oliver Twist to me. I have 19. ________ (never) heard of it before, but I think I will enjoy it. I have 20. ________ (decide) to start reading it next week.
Passage 2
My uncle is a famous writer. He loves travelling very much. He has 21. ________ (be) to many countries in the world. He has 22. ________ (already) written three books about his trips. Last week, he told me that he had a new plan. Now, he has 23. ________ (go) to South America. He has 24. ________ (never) been there before. He wants to explore the Amazon Rainforest and write a new book. I haven't 25. ________ (receive) any letters from him 26. ________ (yet). But he has 27. ________ (just) sent my mother a message online. He says he 28. ________ (find) some amazing plants there. Have you 29. ________ (ever) travelled to a rainforest I hope I can go there too, but I haven't 30. ________ (prepare) well yet.
Passage 3
We are having a reading week at school. Every student has to write a book report. 31. ________ you 32. ________ (choose) a book for your report yet I have 33. ________ (pick) Journey to the West. I have 34. ________ (always) liked stories about the Monkey King. Sun Wukong is the most powerful character. He uses his magic to defeat enemies. Have you ever 35. ________ (hear) of him Most Chinese people have 36. ________ (know) this story since they were young. My classmate Sarah has 37. ________ (already) finished her report. She wrote about The Old Man and the Sea. It is a classic novel. I haven't 38. ________ (start) writing my report 39. ________ (yet). I have 40. ________ (just) read half of my book. I need to hurry up!
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我刚刚读完《三国演义》。它是一本好书。考查现在完成时。根据句中的 just (刚刚) 和动词过去分词 finished 可知，时态为现在完成时，主语是 I，助动词用 have。故选A。
2.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你曾经读过《爱丽丝梦游仙境》吗？——不，从没读过。考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。句中有标志词 ever (曾经)，且主语是 you，助动词应提前并用 Have。故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意：彼得选好他读书报告的书了吗？考查现在完成时的标志词。在现在完成时的疑问句中，表示“已经……了吗？”通常将 yet 放在句末。already 常用于肯定句。故选B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意：玛丽现在不在这里。她已经去图书馆还书了。考查 have gone to 与 have been to 的区别。由“Mary isn't here right now”可知，人不在说话现场，说明已经去了某地，应用 has gone to。故选B。
5.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我已经看过这部电影了，所以我不想和你再看一遍。考查标志词的用法辨析。在肯定句中表示动作“已经”完成，通常用 already，并常置于 have 和过去分词之间。故选B。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意：他以前从未见过雪，因为他住在一个非常温暖的南方城市。考查标志词。根据后半句的解释（住在温暖城市）可知，他“从来没有”见过雪。表示“从不”用 never。故选A。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你爸爸在哪？我找不到他。——他去北京出差了。考查 have gone to 的用法。找不到爸爸说明人不在家，已经去了北京，因此用 has gone to。故选B。
8.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你曾经去过西安吗？——是的，我去年和父母去过那里。考查 have been to。问对方是否“曾经去过某地”，人正在面前交流，故必须用 have been to，不能用 have gone to。故选C。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意：我妹妹已经把书还给图书馆了。她是今天早上还的。考查标志词。在现在完成时的肯定句中，表示动作“已经”发生，通常用 already。故选A。
10.【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们还没有读完那本小说。他们还剩下两章。考查现在完成时的否定式。句末有 yet，且后句说明还没看完，所以应用现在完成时的否定形式 haven't (have not)。故选D。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. have read。so far (到目前为止) 是现在完成时的标志词，主语 I，故填 have read。
12. just。在 have 和过去分词 finished 之间，填入 just (刚刚)。
13. ever。用于一般疑问句，表示“曾经”，放在助动词和过去分词之间，填 ever。
14. yet。在否定句句末，表示“还（没）”，填 yet。
15. already。在肯定句中，置于 has 和 borrowed 之间，表示“已经”，填 already。
16. have。recently 提示现在完成时，特殊疑问句把助动词 have 提到主语 you 之前。
17. read。与上一空的 have 构成现在完成时，read 的过去分词仍为 read。
18. recommended。现在完成时，has 后接过去分词，recommend 的过去分词为 recommended。
19. never。根据 before 和 but 引出的转折，表明“以前从未听说过”，填 never。
20. decided。have 后接过去分词，decide 变为 decided。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. been。has been to 某地，表示“曾经去过某地”。
22. already。肯定句中置于 has 与 written 之间，表示“已经”写了三本书。
23. gone。has gone to 某地，表示“已经去了某地”（人不在说话的地方）。
24. never。在 before 前表示“以前从未去过”，填 never。
25. received。haven't 后接过去分词，receive 变为 received。
26. yet。用于否定句句末表示“还（没）”。
27. just。在肯定句的 has 和 sent 之间，表示“刚刚”发了消息。
28. has found。表示在那里“已经”找到了神奇的植物（且现在还在那里），强调对现在的影响，用 has found (find 的过去分词)。
29. ever。用于疑问句，表示“曾经”，Have you ever travelled...。
30. prepared。haven't 后接过去分词，prepare 变为 prepared。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. Have。句末有 yet，且动作与报告相关，应用现在完成时疑问句，主语 you 搭配 Have。
32. chosen。choose 的过去分词为 chosen。
33. picked。have 之后接过去分词，pick 变为 picked。
34. always。表示“一直以来”，常夹在 have 和过去分词之间，表示状态的持续。
35. heard。hear of (听说)，hear 的过去分词为 heard。
36. known。since 引导的时间状语表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，know 的过去分词为 known。
37. already。在肯定句中，has 和 finished 之间表示“已经”。
38. started。haven't 后接过去分词，start 变为 started。
39. yet。在否定句句末，表示“还（没有）开始”。
40. just。在肯定句的 have 和 read 之间，表示“刚刚”读了一半。

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