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冀教版七年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 My friends)
一、一般过去时（二）：不规则动词的过去式 (Simple Past Tense II)
【规则变化】 我们在Unit 2学习了动词过去式的规则变化（词尾加 -ed 或 -d）。但在英语中，有许多动词的过去式是不规则变化的，不遵循加 -ed 的规律，需要我们单独记忆。
【注意】 本单元及之前常见的不规则动词过去式归纳：
改变元音字母： write — wrote, give — gave, begin — began, get — got, know — knew
改变辅音字母： make — made, spend — spent, build — built
元辅音均改变： keep — kept, bring — brought, say — said, lose — lost, hear — heard, go — went, take — took
与原形相同： put — put, read — read (发音变为 /red/), hurt — hurt
【易错点】 在变为否定句和一般疑问句时，一旦使用了助动词 did / didn't，后面的动词必须恢复为原形。例如：He didn't write a letter. (不能用 wrote)
【例句】 I lost my key just now. 我刚才把钥匙弄丢了。
My parents went to work this morning. 我父母今天早上上班去了。
Liu Ping's classmates heard the bad news. 刘平的同学们听到了这个坏消息。
二、提建议与安慰他人的交际用语 (Giving Advice & Comforting)
【规则变化】
当朋友遇到困难（如考试不及格、受伤等）时，我们常用以下句型来安慰他们或给出建议：
1. Don't be... (不要……) —— 例如：Don't be sad or shy. (不要难过或害羞。)
2. I think... (我认为……) —— 例如：I think you should talk to your teacher. (我认为你应该和老师谈谈。)
3. Everything will be okay. (一切都会好起来的。)
4. You can talk to me about it. (你可以跟我说说这件事。)
【例句】 — I failed the exam. 我考试不及格。
— Don't be sad. We can study together next time. 不要难过。下次我们可以一起学习。
— I'm actually feeling a little down. 我现在感觉有点沮丧。
— Don't worry. That's what friends are for. 别担心。朋友就是为了这个存在的。
三、描述友谊的核心词汇与短语 (Expressions about Friendship)
【规则变化】
本单元围绕“朋友”这一主题，重点考查以下短语的运用：
care about 关心，在乎
help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难 / 摆脱困境
go through a hard time 经历一段艰难的时光
get to know 认识，了解
have... in common 有……共同点
a second self 另一个自我（知己）
【例句】 A friend is a second self. 朋友是另一个自我。
A good friend cares about you and helps you out in hard times. 好朋友关心你并在困难时期帮助你。
My family and I got through this difficult time with your love. 在你们的关爱下，我和我的家人度过了这段困难时期。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I can't open the door because I ________ my key just now.
A. lose
B. lost
C. losing
D. loses
2. Last week, we ________ 20,000 yuan for Liu Ping's family to help them out.
A. raise
B. raised
C. rise
D. raising
3. — What ________ to you yesterday
— I hurt my arm when I played basketball.
A. happens
B. happened
C. is happening
D. happen
4. My little sister ________ my old books to the local library last month.
A. gives
B. give
C. gave
D. giving
5. Good friends always ________ each other when they are in trouble.
A. care about
B. laugh at
C. run away
D. hear of
6. I ________ my friends the bad news. They were all very sad.
A. tell
B. says
C. told
D. speak
7. — I am feeling a little down. I failed the math exam.
— ________. You can study with me next time.
A. Good luck
B. You are right
C. Don't be sad
D. Have a good time
8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A true friend is like a second ________.
A. life
B. time
C. self
D. heart
9. Jack and I are good friends. We have a lot of hobbies ________ common.
A. on
B. in
C. with
D. about
10. Yesterday my uncle ________ a new English song, but he ________ the lyrics(歌词) quickly.
A. learns; forgets
B. learned; forgot
C. learned; forgets
D. learns; forgot
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Dear teachers and classmates,
Thank you for all your help. My family and I 11. ________ (get) through this difficult time with your love and support last month. We were deeply touched. We 12. ________ (rent) an apartment and 13. ________ (begin) our new life. My parents 14. ________ (go) to work this morning. I believe everything will be okay. I 15. ________ (write) this letter to say thank you. Before this happened, I never 16. ________ (know) how much a small act of kindness could mean. Some students even 17. ________ (donate) their lucky money to us. I will never 18. ________ (forget) what you 19. ________ (do) for my family. Your love makes this world more beautiful. Thank you very 20. ________ (much)!
Passage 2
Li Ming wants to learn more about working well in groups. So he 21. ________ (join) a club last Tuesday. The club teacher got students to play some icebreaker games to help them get to 22. ________ (know) one another. During the game, Li Ming 23. ________ (break) the ice with Wang Lei. They talked for a long time. Wang Lei 24. ________ (say) he was a quiet boy, but sometimes he was careless. He often 25. ________ (forget) things. However, they found they had many things 26. ________ common. They both like to play the erhu and they both enjoy 27. ________ (read) stories. They had a great time and 28. ________ (become) good friends. Li Ming 29. ________ (feel) very happy. A friend is a second 30. ________ (self). Making new friends is always exciting.
Passage 3
Sarah met Linda in the hallway. Linda looked very sad. "Hey, Linda! How are you doing " Sarah asked. "I'm actually 31. ________ (feel) a little down," Linda answered. "Oh no, what 32. ________ (happen) to you " Sarah asked with concern. "I failed the math exam. I'm struggling with my studies," Linda 33. ________ (tell) her the truth. "34. ________ (not) worry, Linda. You always help me. Now it's my turn to help you 35. ________," Sarah said warmly. "Thanks, you are so 36. ________ (kindness). That 37. ________ (mean) a lot to me," Linda smiled. "That's what friends are for. We should always support each 38. ________," Sarah said. Friendship is like a bright light. It can help you get 39. ________ the dark and hard times. A true friend always 40. ________ (care) about you.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我打不开门了，因为我刚才把钥匙弄丢了。考查不规则动词的过去式。根据 just now (刚才) 可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。lose 的过去式为 lost。故选 B。
2.【答案】B
【解析】句意：上周，我们为刘平的家庭筹集了两万块钱来帮助他们渡过难关。考查一般过去时。时间状语 Last week 提示用过去时。raise (筹集) 是规则动词，过去式为 raised。故选 B。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——昨天你怎么了？——我打篮球的时候伤了手臂。考查一般过去时。yesterday 提示问句发生在过去，用 happened。固定搭配 happen to sb. 意为“某人发生了某事”。故选 B。
4.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我妹妹上个月把我的旧书捐（给）当地图书馆了。考查不规则动词过去式。last month 提示用一般过去时。give 的过去式是不规则变化 gave。故选 C。
5.【答案】A
【解析】句意：好朋友在对方遇到困难时总是互相关心。考查动词短语。care about 关心，在乎；laugh at 嘲笑；run away 逃跑；hear of 听说。根据语境，好朋友应互相关心。故选 A。
6.【答案】C
【解析】句意：我告诉了朋友们这个坏消息。他们都很难过。考查不规则动词过去式。根据后句 They were all very sad 可知时态为一般过去时。tell (告诉) 的过去式为 told。故选 C。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我感觉有点沮丧。我数学考试不及格。——不要难过。下次你可以和我一起学习。考查交际用语。针对朋友的考试失利，应给予安慰。Don't be sad (不要难过) 最符合语境。故选 C。
8.【答案】C
【解析】句意：患难见真情。真正的朋友就像是另一个自我。考查名言俗语。A friend is a second self (朋友是另一个自我) 是本单元重点拓展表达。故选 C。
9.【答案】B
【解析】句意：杰克和我是好朋友。我们在爱好上有很多共同点。考查固定搭配。have... in common 意为“有……共同点”。故选 B。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：昨天我叔叔学了一首新的英文歌，但他很快就忘了歌词。考查动词的过去式。Yesterday 提示全句使用一般过去时。learn 过去式可为 learned，forget 的过去式为 forgot。故选 B。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. got。根据 last month 提示，事件发生在过去，get 过去式为 got (get through 渡过难关)。
12. rented。叙述过去发生的事，rent 过去式加 -ed 变为 rented。
13. began。与上文的 rented 并列，begin 过去式为 began。
14. went。this morning (今天早上) 相对于写信时已是过去，go 过去式为 went。
15. am writing / write。指此时此刻写信的目的，用现在进行时或一般现在时均可。
16. knew。讲述这件事发生之前的状态，know 过去式为 knew。
17. donated。讲述同学们过去捐款的事，donate 过去式加 -d 变为 donated。
18. forget。will never 后接动词原形 forget (忘记)。
19. did。指代大家过去为我家人做的事，do 过去式为 did。
20. much。Thank you very much 非常感谢，固定表达。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. joined。根据 last Tuesday 提示，用一般过去时，join 过去式为 joined。
22. know。get to know sb. 认识某人，固定搭配，to后接动词原形。
23. broke。讲述过去破冰游戏时的动作，break 过去式为 broke (break the ice 破冰)。
24. said。讲述当时说的话，say 过去式为 said。
25. forgot。讲述他过去常常忘记事情，forget 过去式为 forgot。
26. in。have sth. in common 有共同之处，填介词 in。
27. reading。enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，用动名词 reading。
28. became。讲述过去的结果，become 过去式为 became。
29. felt。讲述过去的感受，feel 过去式为 felt。
30. self。A friend is a second self (朋友是另一个自我)，固定名言。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. feeling。am actually feeling a little down 表示现在正在感受的情绪，用现在进行时，填 feeling。
32. happened。询问过去发生了什么事，happen 过去式为 happened。
33. told。承接上文语境，琳达告诉了她真相，tell 过去式为 told。
34. Don't。祈使句的否定形式，“不要担心”，句首首字母大写 Don't。
35. out。help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境，本单元重点短语。
36. kind。so 后接形容词作表语，kindness 为名词，需改为形容词 kind (善良的)。
37. means。陈述事实，“那对我意味着很多”，主语 That 为三单，mean 变为 means。
38. other。each other 互相，固定短语。
39. through。get through the dark and hard times 熬过/度过黑暗艰难的时光，填介词 through。
40. cares。陈述一般真理/事实，主语 A true friend 为单数，care 变为 cares (care about 关心)。冀教版七年级下册Unit 4单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 4 My friends)
一、一般过去时（二）：不规则动词的过去式 (Simple Past Tense II)
【规则变化】 我们在Unit 2学习了动词过去式的规则变化（词尾加 -ed 或 -d）。但在英语中，有许多动词的过去式是不规则变化的，不遵循加 -ed 的规律，需要我们单独记忆。
【注意】 本单元及之前常见的不规则动词过去式归纳：
改变元音字母： write — wrote, give — gave, begin — began, get — got, know — knew
改变辅音字母： make — made, spend — spent, build — built
元辅音均改变： keep — kept, bring — brought, say — said, lose — lost, hear — heard, go — went, take — took
与原形相同： put — put, read — read (发音变为 /red/), hurt — hurt
【易错点】 在变为否定句和一般疑问句时，一旦使用了助动词 did / didn't，后面的动词必须恢复为原形。例如：He didn't write a letter. (不能用 wrote)
【例句】 I lost my key just now. 我刚才把钥匙弄丢了。
My parents went to work this morning. 我父母今天早上上班去了。
Liu Ping's classmates heard the bad news. 刘平的同学们听到了这个坏消息。
二、提建议与安慰他人的交际用语 (Giving Advice & Comforting)
【规则变化】
当朋友遇到困难（如考试不及格、受伤等）时，我们常用以下句型来安慰他们或给出建议：
1. Don't be... (不要……) —— 例如：Don't be sad or shy. (不要难过或害羞。)
2. I think... (我认为……) —— 例如：I think you should talk to your teacher. (我认为你应该和老师谈谈。)
3. Everything will be okay. (一切都会好起来的。)
4. You can talk to me about it. (你可以跟我说说这件事。)
【例句】 — I failed the exam. 我考试不及格。
— Don't be sad. We can study together next time. 不要难过。下次我们可以一起学习。
— I'm actually feeling a little down. 我现在感觉有点沮丧。
— Don't worry. That's what friends are for. 别担心。朋友就是为了这个存在的。
三、描述友谊的核心词汇与短语 (Expressions about Friendship)
【规则变化】
本单元围绕“朋友”这一主题，重点考查以下短语的运用：
care about 关心，在乎
help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难 / 摆脱困境
go through a hard time 经历一段艰难的时光
get to know 认识，了解
have... in common 有……共同点
a second self 另一个自我（知己）
【例句】 A friend is a second self. 朋友是另一个自我。
A good friend cares about you and helps you out in hard times. 好朋友关心你并在困难时期帮助你。
My family and I got through this difficult time with your love. 在你们的关爱下，我和我的家人度过了这段困难时期。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. I can't open the door because I ________ my key just now.
A. lose
B. lost
C. losing
D. loses
2. Last week, we ________ 20,000 yuan for Liu Ping's family to help them out.
A. raise
B. raised
C. rise
D. raising
3. — What ________ to you yesterday
— I hurt my arm when I played basketball.
A. happens
B. happened
C. is happening
D. happen
4. My little sister ________ my old books to the local library last month.
A. gives
B. give
C. gave
D. giving
5. Good friends always ________ each other when they are in trouble.
A. care about
B. laugh at
C. run away
D. hear of
6. I ________ my friends the bad news. They were all very sad.
A. tell
B. says
C. told
D. speak
7. — I am feeling a little down. I failed the math exam.
— ________. You can study with me next time.
A. Good luck
B. You are right
C. Don't be sad
D. Have a good time
8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A true friend is like a second ________.
A. life
B. time
C. self
D. heart
9. Jack and I are good friends. We have a lot of hobbies ________ common.
A. on
B. in
C. with
D. about
10. Yesterday my uncle ________ a new English song, but he ________ the lyrics(歌词) quickly.
A. learns; forgets
B. learned; forgot
C. learned; forgets
D. learns; forgot
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Dear teachers and classmates,
Thank you for all your help. My family and I 11. ________ (get) through this difficult time with your love and support last month. We were deeply touched. We 12. ________ (rent) an apartment and 13. ________ (begin) our new life. My parents 14. ________ (go) to work this morning. I believe everything will be okay. I 15. ________ (write) this letter to say thank you. Before this happened, I never 16. ________ (know) how much a small act of kindness could mean. Some students even 17. ________ (donate) their lucky money to us. I will never 18. ________ (forget) what you 19. ________ (do) for my family. Your love makes this world more beautiful. Thank you very 20. ________ (much)!
Passage 2
Li Ming wants to learn more about working well in groups. So he 21. ________ (join) a club last Tuesday. The club teacher got students to play some icebreaker games to help them get to 22. ________ (know) one another. During the game, Li Ming 23. ________ (break) the ice with Wang Lei. They talked for a long time. Wang Lei 24. ________ (say) he was a quiet boy, but sometimes he was careless. He often 25. ________ (forget) things. However, they found they had many things 26. ________ common. They both like to play the erhu and they both enjoy 27. ________ (read) stories. They had a great time and 28. ________ (become) good friends. Li Ming 29. ________ (feel) very happy. A friend is a second 30. ________ (self). Making new friends is always exciting.
Passage 3
Sarah met Linda in the hallway. Linda looked very sad. "Hey, Linda! How are you doing " Sarah asked. "I'm actually 31. ________ (feel) a little down," Linda answered. "Oh no, what 32. ________ (happen) to you " Sarah asked with concern. "I failed the math exam. I'm struggling with my studies," Linda 33. ________ (tell) her the truth. "34. ________ (not) worry, Linda. You always help me. Now it's my turn to help you 35. ________," Sarah said warmly. "Thanks, you are so 36. ________ (kindness). That 37. ________ (mean) a lot to me," Linda smiled. "That's what friends are for. We should always support each 38. ________," Sarah said. Friendship is like a bright light. It can help you get 39. ________ the dark and hard times. A true friend always 40. ________ (care) about you.

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