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冀教版八年级下册Unit 2单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 2 Safety)
一、过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 的概念与结构
【规则变化】 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。通常与表示过去某个具体时间的时间状语连用。
结构：主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他.
(当主语是 I, he, she, it 或单数名词时，用 was；当主语是 we, you, they 或复数名词时，用 were。)
【注意】 常见的时间状语标志词有：at this time yesterday (昨天这个时候), at 8:00 last night (昨晚8点), then (那时), at that time (在那时), 以及由 when/while 引导的时间状语从句。
【例句】 I was reading a book about safety at 8:00 last night. 昨晚8点我正在看一本关于安全的书。
They were putting out a fire at that time. 那时他们正在灭火。
二、过去进行时的句式变化
【规则变化】
1. 否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词-ing + 其他. (was not 缩写为 wasn't；were not 缩写为 weren't)。
2. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他
【例句】 He wasn't running down the stairs when I saw him. 当我看到他时，他并没有跑下楼梯。
— Were you learning first aid at 10:00 yesterday morning 昨天上午10点你们在学急救吗？
— Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. 是的，我们在学。 / 不，我们没学。
What were you doing when the earthquake happened 地震发生时你在做什么？
三、when 与 while 在过去进行时中的区别与应用
【规则变化】
1. when (当……时)：引导的从句动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。常用于“主句(过去进行时) + when + 从句(一般过去时)”的结构中，表示在一个动作进行的过程中，另一个突然发生的短暂动作。
2. while (在……期间)：引导的从句动词必须是延续性动词，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。常用于“主句(过去进行时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)” 或 “主句(一般过去时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)”。
【本单元核心短语】
in case / in case of 以防万一 / 如果，假设
put out a fire 灭火
first aid 急救
in emergency 在紧急情况下
all of a sudden 突然
in pain 感到疼痛
in a hurry 匆忙地
be late for 迟到
in shock 处于震惊中
【例句】 We were talking about safety education when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，我们正在谈论安全教育。
While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain. 我等公交车时，天开始下雨了。
All of a sudden, a car hit the tree. 突然，一辆汽车撞到了树上。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. — I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn't answer.
— Sorry, I ________ about safety rules with my parents.
A. am talking
B. was talking
C. talk
D. talked
2. He fell off his bike ________ he was riding down the street.
A. before
B. while
C. after
D. as soon as
3. Take an umbrella with you just in ________ it rains.
A. order
B. time
C. case
D. hurry
4. The brave firemen successfully put ________ the big fire and saved the people.
A. up
B. on
C. off
D. out
5. They ________ doing first aid when the teacher came in.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. did
6. I was late ________ school this morning because my bike was broken.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. in
7. ________ of a sudden, a dog ran across the road, and the car stopped quickly.
A. Full
B. None
C. All
D. Whole
8. Look! The poor dog is ________ pain. Let's help it right now.
A. with
B. under
C. on
D. in
9. — What ________ you ________ at that time
— I was reading a book about safety education.
A. did; do
B. are; doing
C. were; doing
D. do; do
10. It’s very important to know how to give first ________ in an emergency.
A. help
B. aid
C. save
D. hand
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Yesterday afternoon, I 11. ________ (walk) home when I saw a terrible accident. A boy 12. ________ (ride) a bike very fast on the street. All of a 13. ________ (suddenly), a car came out and the boy fell off his bike. He was in 14. ________ (painful). A young man ran to him in a 15. ________ (hurry). He quickly called the emergency number. Soon, a doctor came and gave him 16. ________ (one) aid. Thank 17. ________ (good), the boy was not badly hurt. However, he was still in 18. ________ (shocked). This accident tells us that we should 19. ________ (be) careful on the road. We must wear a helmet just in 20. ________ (case). Safety always comes first!
Passage 2
Last week, we had an important 21. ________ (safe) education class at our school. While the teacher 22. ________ (give) the lesson, we 23. ________ (listen) carefully. We learned how to put 24. ________ (out) a fire and how to save ourselves. The teacher told us that we should not be 25. ________ (late) for school, but keeping safe is much more important. For example, when an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk. If someone is badly hurt, we need to know how to help him. We also learned how to do first 26. ________ (aid). It is very useful in 27. ________ (case) of an emergency. Everyone should take it 28. ________ (serious). I 29. ________ (take) notes at that time to remember everything. We are 30. ________ (luck) to learn these life-saving skills.
Passage 3
My helmet 31. ________ (save) my life last month. It happened on a rainy day. I 32. ________ (ride) my bike to the park. While I 33. ________ (cross) the street, a car suddenly turned the corner. The driver 34. ________ (not look) at the road carefully. He hit my bike. I fell down and hit my head on the ground heavily. I was so scared. A woman saw this and came to help me 35. ________ (immediate). She asked, "Are you okay " I felt a little dizzy (头晕的), but I was fine. My helmet was broken, 36. ________ (but) my head was safe. When my parents 37. ________ (arrive) at the hospital, they were very 38. ________ (worry). I told them I was fine. Now I always wear a helmet 39. ________ (protect) myself. It's a good habit to keep safe in 40. ________ (order) to enjoy a better life.
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我昨晚8点给你打电话，但你没接。——对不起，那时我正在和父母谈论安全规则。考查过去进行时。根据时间状语 "at 8:00 last night" 可知，表示在过去具体时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。主语是 I，be 动词用 was。故选B。
2.【答案】B
【解析】句意：他在街上骑车的时候从自行车上摔了下来。考查连词。while 引导的时间状语从句强调动作的延续性，通常与进行时连用。题干中从句 "he was riding..." 是过去进行时。故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意：随身带把伞，以防下雨。考查本单元核心短语。just in case 意为“以防万一”。in order (按顺序)，in time (及时)，in a hurry (匆忙)。故选C。
4.【答案】D
【解析】句意：勇敢的消防员成功地扑灭了大火，拯救了人们。考查动词短语。put out a fire 意为“灭火”，是本单元重点短语。故选D。
5.【答案】B
【解析】句意：当老师进来的时候，他们正在进行急救。考查过去进行时。“when + 一般过去时”的从句，主句常使用过去进行时。主语 They 为复数，be 动词应使用 were。故选B。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意：今天早上我上学迟到了，因为我的自行车坏了。考查介词搭配。be late for... 意为“迟到……”，固定搭配。故选A。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意：突然，一条狗跑过马路，汽车迅速停了下来。考查本单元短语。all of a sudden 意为“突然”，相当于 suddenly。故选C。
8.【答案】D
【解析】句意：看！那只可怜的狗正感到疼痛。我们马上帮帮它吧。考查介词短语。in pain 意为“感到疼痛，在痛苦中”。故选D。
9.【答案】C
【解析】句意：——那时你们在做什么？——我正在读一本关于安全教育的书。考查过去进行时。根据时间状语 "at that time"（在那时）可知，询问过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语 you 搭配 were。故选C。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：在紧急情况下，知道如何进行急救是非常重要的。考查本单元核心词汇。first aid 意为“急救”，是固定名词短语。故选B。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. was walking。when引导的从句用了一般过去时(saw)，主句表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
12. was riding。描述当时正在发生的事情，男孩正在骑车，用过去进行时。
13. sudden。all of a sudden (突然)，固定短语，填写名词形式 sudden。
14. pain。in pain (感到疼痛)，介词 in 后接名词形式 pain。
15. hurry。in a hurry (匆忙地)，固定短语。
16. first。first aid (急救)，固定搭配，用序数词 first。
17. goodness。Thank goodness (谢天谢地)，固定口语表达。
18. shock。in shock (处于震惊中)，本单元重点短语，填名词 shock。
19. be。情态动词 should 之后接动词原形 be。
20. case。just in case (以防万一)，固定搭配。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. safety。修饰名词 education，需用名词/形容词 safety (安全教育 safety education)。
22. was giving。while引导的从句通常用过去进行时，表示“正在上课期间”。
23. were listening。主句与从句的动作同时进行，用过去进行时 were listening。
24. out。put out a fire (灭火)，填副词 out。
25. late。be late for... (迟到)，填形容词 late。
26. aid。first aid (急救)，固定搭配。
27. case。in case of... (在……的情况下，万一)，固定短语。
28. seriously。修饰动词 take (take it seriously 认真对待)，用副词 seriously。
29. was taking。at that time 提示用过去进行时。
30. lucky。be lucky to do sth. (很幸运做某事)，用形容词 lucky。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. saved。last month 提示一般过去时，动词 save 加 d 变为 saved。
32. was riding。描述当时的故事背景，我“正在”骑自行车，用过去进行时。
33. was crossing。while 引导的从句强调动作正在进行，用过去进行时。
34. was not looking / wasn't looking。指撞车那个瞬间，司机“没有在看”路，用过去进行时的否定式。
35. immediately。修饰动词短语 came to help me，用副词 immediately (立即，马上)。
36. but。头盔坏了“但是”头很安全，表转折，用连词 but。
37. arrived。when引导的从句用一般过去时，表示“当他们到达时”。
38. worried。be 动词后接形容词作表语，表示“担心的”，填 worried。
39. to protect。动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了保护我自己”。
40. order。in order to do sth. (为了做某事)，固定搭配。冀教版八年级下册Unit 2单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 2 Safety)
一、过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 的概念与结构
【规则变化】 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。通常与表示过去某个具体时间的时间状语连用。
结构：主语 + was / were + 动词-ing + 其他.
(当主语是 I, he, she, it 或单数名词时，用 was；当主语是 we, you, they 或复数名词时，用 were。)
【注意】 常见的时间状语标志词有：at this time yesterday (昨天这个时候), at 8:00 last night (昨晚8点), then (那时), at that time (在那时), 以及由 when/while 引导的时间状语从句。
【例句】 I was reading a book about safety at 8:00 last night. 昨晚8点我正在看一本关于安全的书。
They were putting out a fire at that time. 那时他们正在灭火。
二、过去进行时的句式变化
【规则变化】
1. 否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 动词-ing + 其他. (was not 缩写为 wasn't；were not 缩写为 weren't)。
2. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他
【例句】 He wasn't running down the stairs when I saw him. 当我看到他时，他并没有跑下楼梯。
— Were you learning first aid at 10:00 yesterday morning 昨天上午10点你们在学急救吗？
— Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. 是的，我们在学。 / 不，我们没学。
What were you doing when the earthquake happened 地震发生时你在做什么？
三、when 与 while 在过去进行时中的区别与应用
【规则变化】
1. when (当……时)：引导的从句动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。常用于“主句(过去进行时) + when + 从句(一般过去时)”的结构中，表示在一个动作进行的过程中，另一个突然发生的短暂动作。
2. while (在……期间)：引导的从句动词必须是延续性动词，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。常用于“主句(过去进行时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)” 或 “主句(一般过去时) + while + 从句(过去进行时)”。
【本单元核心短语】
in case / in case of 以防万一 / 如果，假设
put out a fire 灭火
first aid 急救
in emergency 在紧急情况下
all of a sudden 突然
in pain 感到疼痛
in a hurry 匆忙地
be late for 迟到
in shock 处于震惊中
【例句】 We were talking about safety education when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，我们正在谈论安全教育。
While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain. 我等公交车时，天开始下雨了。
All of a sudden, a car hit the tree. 突然，一辆汽车撞到了树上。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. — I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn't answer.
— Sorry, I ________ about safety rules with my parents.
A. am talking
B. was talking
C. talk
D. talked
2. He fell off his bike ________ he was riding down the street.
A. before
B. while
C. after
D. as soon as
3. Take an umbrella with you just in ________ it rains.
A. order
B. time
C. case
D. hurry
4. The brave firemen successfully put ________ the big fire and saved the people.
A. up
B. on
C. off
D. out
5. They ________ doing first aid when the teacher came in.
A. was
B. were
C. are
D. did
6. I was late ________ school this morning because my bike was broken.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. in
7. ________ of a sudden, a dog ran across the road, and the car stopped quickly.
A. Full
B. None
C. All
D. Whole
8. Look! The poor dog is ________ pain. Let's help it right now.
A. with
B. under
C. on
D. in
9. — What ________ you ________ at that time
— I was reading a book about safety education.
A. did; do
B. are; doing
C. were; doing
D. do; do
10. It’s very important to know how to give first ________ in an emergency.
A. help
B. aid
C. save
D. hand
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1
Yesterday afternoon, I 11. ________ (walk) home when I saw a terrible accident. A boy 12. ________ (ride) a bike very fast on the street. All of a 13. ________ (suddenly), a car came out and the boy fell off his bike. He was in 14. ________ (painful). A young man ran to him in a 15. ________ (hurry). He quickly called the emergency number. Soon, a doctor came and gave him 16. ________ (one) aid. Thank 17. ________ (good), the boy was not badly hurt. However, he was still in 18. ________ (shocked). This accident tells us that we should 19. ________ (be) careful on the road. We must wear a helmet just in 20. ________ (case). Safety always comes first!
Passage 2
Last week, we had an important 21. ________ (safe) education class at our school. While the teacher 22. ________ (give) the lesson, we 23. ________ (listen) carefully. We learned how to put 24. ________ (out) a fire and how to save ourselves. The teacher told us that we should not be 25. ________ (late) for school, but keeping safe is much more important. For example, when an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk. If someone is badly hurt, we need to know how to help him. We also learned how to do first 26. ________ (aid). It is very useful in 27. ________ (case) of an emergency. Everyone should take it 28. ________ (serious). I 29. ________ (take) notes at that time to remember everything. We are 30. ________ (luck) to learn these life-saving skills.
Passage 3
My helmet 31. ________ (save) my life last month. It happened on a rainy day. I 32. ________ (ride) my bike to the park. While I 33. ________ (cross) the street, a car suddenly turned the corner. The driver 34. ________ (not look) at the road carefully. He hit my bike. I fell down and hit my head on the ground heavily. I was so scared. A woman saw this and came to help me 35. ________ (immediate). She asked, "Are you okay " I felt a little dizzy (头晕的), but I was fine. My helmet was broken, 36. ________ (but) my head was safe. When my parents 37. ________ (arrive) at the hospital, they were very 38. ________ (worry). I told them I was fine. Now I always wear a helmet 39. ________ (protect) myself. It's a good habit to keep safe in 40. ________ (order) to enjoy a better life.

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