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冀教版八年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 The value of money)
一、定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) 的概念与基本结构
【规则变化】 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做**定语从句**。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做**先行词 (Antecedent)**，引导定语从句的词叫做**关系词 (Relative word)**。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。
结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句的其他成分。
【例句】 The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
（The book 是先行词，which I bought yesterday 是定语从句，which 是关系代词。）
二、关系代词 who, whom, whose, that 的用法（指代人）
【规则变化】
当先行词是**人**时，引导定语从句的关系代词通常有以下几种：
1. who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时在口语中常替代 whom）。
2. whom：在从句中作宾语（在非正式文体中常被省略或用 who 替代）。
3. whose：在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。
4. that：在从句中作主语或宾语（常可与 who 互换）。
【例句】 The man who / that is talking to our teacher is my uncle. 正在和我们老师说话的那个人是我叔叔。
She is a great woman who / that cares about others. 她是一位关心他人的伟大女性。
The girl whose hair is long is my sister. 那个长头发的女孩是我妹妹。
三、关系代词 which, that 的用法（指代物）及核心短语
【规则变化】
当先行词是**物**时，引导定语从句的关系代词通常用 which 或 that，它们在从句中都可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。
【易错点】只用 that，不用 which 的常见情况：
1. 先行词是不定代词 (something, anything, everything, nothing 等) 时。
2. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
3. 先行词既有人又有物时。
【本单元核心短语】
start with：从……开始
in the shape of：……形状的
later on：后来
trade... for...：相互交换；以物易物
be grateful for：因为……而感激
make a difference：起作用；产生影响
put one's heart into：全心全意投入……
map out a plan：制定计划
【例句】 Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我可以为您做的吗？(先行词为不定代词)
Long ago, people traded things they had for things they needed. 很久以前，人们用他们拥有的东西来交换他们需要的东西。
They got many patents which / that brought them a lot of money. 他们获得了许多为他们带来大量金钱的专利。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. The book ________ I bought yesterday is about the history of money.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
2. The man ________ is talking to our teacher is a famous scientist.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
3. In ancient times, people traded their sheep ________ salt.
A. with
B. in
C. for
D. to
4. Ancient Chinese used coins ________ the shape of knives and spades.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. by
5. Ma Xu made a big ________ by donating all her savings to her hometown.
A. difference
B. decision
C. mistake
D. money
6. The story starts ________ a poor boy who lived in a small village.
A. at
B. from
C. in
D. with
7. We are very grateful ________ our parents' love and care.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. about
8. Is there anything ________ you want to buy in the supermarket
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
9. She put her heart ________ helping poor children in mountain areas.
A. into
B. on
C. at
D. with
10. They plan to map ________ a way to spend pocket money wisely.
A. in
B. out
C. up
D. down
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1 (Money in history)
Long ago, people didn't use money. The history of money starts 11. ________ (with) trading. People traded things they had 12. ________ (for) things they needed. Later 13. ________ (on), they began to use shells. They thought shells were valuable. Then, people made coins 14. ________ (in) the shape of spades and knives. Paper money 15. ________ (invent) in China during the Song Dynasty. It is much 16. ________ (light) than coins. Today, money 17. ________ (play) a very important part in our lives. But we must know that money isn't everything. There are many things 18. ________ we cannot buy with money, such as time and true love. We should be grateful 19. ________ (for) what we have and try 20. ________ (make) a difference in the world.
Passage 2 (What do you do with money )
What do you do with your money Ma Xu, 21. ________ old scientist, gave us a good example. She was born 22. ________ (in) 1933. She and her husband have put their hearts 23. ________ (into) medical research for many years. They got many patents (专利) 24. ________ (which / that) brought them a lot of money. However, they lived a simple life. In 2018, they decided 25. ________ (donate) all their savings, 10 million yuan, to her hometown, Mulan County. The money 26. ________ (use) for education now. She is a great woman 27. ________ (who / that) cares about others. She hopes the children in her hometown can have a 28. ________ (good) future. "True happiness comes 29. ________ (from) helping others," she says. We are deeply moved 30. ________ (by) her kindness.
Passage 3 (Pocket money)
As teenagers, we often get some pocket money from our parents. It is important for us to spend it 31. ________ (wise). First, we can map 32. ________ (out) a plan. We should only buy the things 33. ________ we really need. Second, we can save some money in the bank just in 34. ________ (case) we need it in the future. Third, we can use the money to buy books 35. ________ can help us learn more knowledge. Also, it is a good idea to donate some money to the people 36. ________ are in need. We should remember the famous saying, "Don't think money does everything, 37. ________ you are going to end up doing everything for money." Money is just a tool 38. ________ (make) our lives better. We should control money instead 39. ________ (of) letting it control us. Let's learn to manage our pocket money 40. ________ (careful).
【参考答案与解析】
I. 单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我昨天买的那本书是关于货币历史的。考查定语从句。先行词是 The book（物），在从句中作宾语，关系代词用 which 或 that。故选B。
2.【答案】B
【解析】句意：正在和我们老师说话的那个人是一位著名的科学家。考查定语从句。先行词是 The man（人），在从句中作主语，关系代词用 who 或 that。A修饰物，C作宾语，D作定语。故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意：在古代，人们用羊交换盐。考查本单元核心短语。trade... for... 意为“相互交换；以物易物”。故选C。
4.【答案】C
【解析】句意：中国古代使用刀和铲形状的钱币。考查核心短语。in the shape of 意为“……形状的”，固定介词搭配。故选C。
5.【答案】A
【解析】句意：马旭通过把她所有的积蓄捐给家乡，产生了巨大的影响。考查短语辨析。make a difference 意为“起作用；产生影响”，符合语境。故选A。
6.【答案】D
【解析】句意：故事从一个住在一个小村庄里的可怜男孩开始。考查动词短语。start with 意为“从……开始”。故选D。
7.【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们非常感激父母的爱和照顾。考查固定搭配。be grateful for sth. 意为“因为某事而感激”。故选B。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意：超市里有什么你想买的东西吗？考查定语从句特殊规则。当先行词是不定代词 (anything, something, nothing等) 时，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。故选A。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意：她全心全意投入到帮助山区的贫困儿童中。考查动词短语。put one's heart into 意为“全心全意投入……”。故选A。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们计划制定一个明智地使用零花钱的方案。考查动词短语。map out 意为“制定，规划（计划等）”。故选B。
II. 语法填空
Passage 1 答案及解析：
11. with。start with 意为“从……开始”。
12. for。trade... for... 意为“用……交换……”。
13. on。later on 意为“后来”，固定短语。
14. in。in the shape of 意为“……形状的”。
15. was invented。宋朝提示是一般过去时，纸币被发明，用一般过去时的被动语态 was invented。
16. lighter。much 后接形容词比较级 lighter，表示“轻得多”。
17. plays。Today 提示一般现在时，主语 money 为单数不可数名词，谓语动词用单三形式 plays。
18. that。先行词是 things，前面有不定代词 many 修饰，关系代词最好用 that，或者 which 也可以（that更为常见）。
19. for。be grateful for 意为“为……而感激”。
20. to make。try to do sth. 意为“努力/尝试去做某事”，填 to make。
Passage 2 答案及解析：
21. an。old 是以元音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词 an。
22. in。在具体的年份（1933）前面用介词 in。
23. into。put their hearts into 意为“把心血投入到……”。
24. which / that。先行词 patents（专利）是物，在从句中作主语，填 which 或 that。
25. to donate。decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。
26. is used。now 提示一般现在时，钱被用于教育，用一般现在时的被动语态 is used。
27. who / that。先行词 woman（人），在定语从句中作主语，填 who 或 that。
28. better。根据语境，希望孩子们有“更好的”未来，通常用比较级 better。
29. from。come from 意为“来自；来源于”。
30. by。be moved by 意为“被……感动”，填介词 by。
Passage 3 答案及解析：
31. wisely。修饰动词 spend 需用副词 wisely (明智地)。
32. out。map out 意为“制定，筹划”，本单元词汇。
33. that / which。先行词 the things（物），且有 the 修饰，首选 that，也可填 which。
34. case。just in case 意为“以防万一”。
35. which / that。先行词 books（物），在从句中作主语，填 which 或 that。
36. who / that。先行词 the people（人），在定语从句中作主语，填 who 或 that。
37. or。固定句型“祈使句 + or + 简单句”，表示“否则，要不然”，填 or (Don't think..., or you are going...)。
38. to make。动词不定式作目的状语，意为“一个用来使生活更好的工具”。
39. of。instead of 意为“而不是”，后接名词或动名词 letting。
40. carefully。修饰动词 manage 需用副词 carefully (谨慎地，小心地)。冀教版八年级下册Unit 7单元语法知识梳理与练习
一：单元语法知识梳理 (Unit 7 The value of money)
一、定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) 的概念与基本结构
【规则变化】 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做**定语从句**。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做**先行词 (Antecedent)**，引导定语从句的词叫做**关系词 (Relative word)**。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。
结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句的其他成分。
【例句】 The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
（The book 是先行词，which I bought yesterday 是定语从句，which 是关系代词。）
二、关系代词 who, whom, whose, that 的用法（指代人）
【规则变化】
当先行词是**人**时，引导定语从句的关系代词通常有以下几种：
1. who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时在口语中常替代 whom）。
2. whom：在从句中作宾语（在非正式文体中常被省略或用 who 替代）。
3. whose：在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。
4. that：在从句中作主语或宾语（常可与 who 互换）。
【例句】 The man who / that is talking to our teacher is my uncle. 正在和我们老师说话的那个人是我叔叔。
She is a great woman who / that cares about others. 她是一位关心他人的伟大女性。
The girl whose hair is long is my sister. 那个长头发的女孩是我妹妹。
三、关系代词 which, that 的用法（指代物）及核心短语
【规则变化】
当先行词是**物**时，引导定语从句的关系代词通常用 which 或 that，它们在从句中都可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。
【易错点】只用 that，不用 which 的常见情况：
1. 先行词是不定代词 (something, anything, everything, nothing 等) 时。
2. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
3. 先行词既有人又有物时。
【本单元核心短语】
start with：从……开始
in the shape of：……形状的
later on：后来
trade... for...：相互交换；以物易物
be grateful for：因为……而感激
make a difference：起作用；产生影响
put one's heart into：全心全意投入……
map out a plan：制定计划
【例句】 Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我可以为您做的吗？(先行词为不定代词)
Long ago, people traded things they had for things they needed. 很久以前，人们用他们拥有的东西来交换他们需要的东西。
They got many patents which / that brought them a lot of money. 他们获得了许多为他们带来大量金钱的专利。
二：单元语法知识练习
I. 单项选择（10道）
1. The book ________ I bought yesterday is about the history of money.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
2. The man ________ is talking to our teacher is a famous scientist.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
3. In ancient times, people traded their sheep ________ salt.
A. with
B. in
C. for
D. to
4. Ancient Chinese used coins ________ the shape of knives and spades.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. by
5. Ma Xu made a big ________ by donating all her savings to her hometown.
A. difference
B. decision
C. mistake
D. money
6. The story starts ________ a poor boy who lived in a small village.
A. at
B. from
C. in
D. with
7. We are very grateful ________ our parents' love and care.
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. about
8. Is there anything ________ you want to buy in the supermarket
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
9. She put her heart ________ helping poor children in mountain areas.
A. into
B. on
C. at
D. with
10. They plan to map ________ a way to spend pocket money wisely.
A. in
B. out
C. up
D. down
II. 语法填空（3篇）
Passage 1 (Money in history)
Long ago, people didn't use money. The history of money starts 11. ________ (with) trading. People traded things they had 12. ________ (for) things they needed. Later 13. ________ (on), they began to use shells. They thought shells were valuable. Then, people made coins 14. ________ (in) the shape of spades and knives. Paper money 15. ________ (invent) in China during the Song Dynasty. It is much 16. ________ (light) than coins. Today, money 17. ________ (play) a very important part in our lives. But we must know that money isn't everything. There are many things 18. ________ we cannot buy with money, such as time and true love. We should be grateful 19. ________ (for) what we have and try 20. ________ (make) a difference in the world.
Passage 2 (What do you do with money )
What do you do with your money Ma Xu, 21. ________ old scientist, gave us a good example. She was born 22. ________ (in) 1933. She and her husband have put their hearts 23. ________ (into) medical research for many years. They got many patents (专利) 24. ________ (which / that) brought them a lot of money. However, they lived a simple life. In 2018, they decided 25. ________ (donate) all their savings, 10 million yuan, to her hometown, Mulan County. The money 26. ________ (use) for education now. She is a great woman 27. ________ (who / that) cares about others. She hopes the children in her hometown can have a 28. ________ (good) future. "True happiness comes 29. ________ (from) helping others," she says. We are deeply moved 30. ________ (by) her kindness.
Passage 3 (Pocket money)
As teenagers, we often get some pocket money from our parents. It is important for us to spend it 31. ________ (wise). First, we can map 32. ________ (out) a plan. We should only buy the things 33. ________ we really need. Second, we can save some money in the bank just in 34. ________ (case) we need it in the future. Third, we can use the money to buy books 35. ________ can help us learn more knowledge. Also, it is a good idea to donate some money to the people 36. ________ are in need. We should remember the famous saying, "Don't think money does everything, 37. ________ you are going to end up doing everything for money." Money is just a tool 38. ________ (make) our lives better. We should control money instead 39. ________ (of) letting it control us. Let's learn to manage our pocket money 40. ________ (careful).

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