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新外研社八下U2知识点笔记
trouble①名词（可数/不可数）：苦恼、麻烦 例：He poured out all his troubles to me.
固定搭配：be in trouble（处于困境中）、get into trouble（陷入困境）、have trouble (in) doing sth..（做某事有困难）
例：Foreigners usually have some trouble using chopsticks.
②动词：使苦恼、麻烦（某人）例：I’m sorry to trouble you.
happiness名词：幸福、快乐例：Her eyes were full of happiness when she talked about her children.
构词：happy（形容词）→ 变y为i + ness → happiness（名词） 同类构词：ill→illness、kind→kindness
loss名词：失去、丧失、损失 例：The loss of the dog made her sad.
拓展：lose（动词,丢失）,过去式为lost 例：I lost my wallet on the bus this morning.
worried/worry
①worried（形容词）：担心的、焦虑的
固定搭配：be worried about sth..（担心某事） 例：My parents are worried about my study.
②worry（动词）：（使）担心、（使）发愁
固定搭配：worry about = be worried about 例：Don’t worry about me.
③worry（名词）：担忧、令人担忧的事 例：That car has caused me no end of worry.
get 动词：理解、明白（相当于understand） 例：I don’t get this maths problem.
read
①动词：显示、写着（不用于进行时） 例：My watch reads 6 o’clock.
②动词：阅读、朗读 例：My mother reads stories to me every evening.
拓展（时间表达）：am（上午）、pm（下午）,12小时制中,正午12点前用am,之后用pm
例：8 am = 8 in the morning
promise
①名词：保证、承诺、诺言
固定搭配：make promises/a promise (to sb.)、make a promise to do sth..、keep a promise、break a promise
例：They made a promise to finish the project on time.
②动词：许诺、保证、答应
结构：promise to do sth..、promise sb. sth..、promise + that从句
例：My mother promised to buy a piano for me.
tonight
①副词：（在）今晚 例：We are going to study together tonight.
②名词：今晚 例：Tonight will be a special night.
interrupt
动词：打断（某人的）讲话、中断（某人的）行动、打扰
固定搭配：interrupt sb. to do sth.. 例：Please don’t interrupt me while I’m speaking.
deal
①名词：交易、协议 固定搭配：a deal is a deal、make a deal、a good/great deal
例：Let’s make a deal: you help me, and I’ll pay you.
②动词：交易、买卖 例：This store deals in furniture.
③动词：处理、应对 例：How do you deal with stress
head
①动词：（朝……）前进、向……去；领导、主管 例：The ship is heading north.
②名词：头、头部 例：He shook his head in disagreement.
on one’s way back在某人回去的路上
固定搭配：on one’s way to…、on the way 例：She met an old friend on her way to the supermarket.
realise（动词）：知道、明白、领悟；实现 例：I don’t realise the importance of the article.
动词不定式作目的状语 用法：to do结构表“去做某事”,可位于句首或句末
例：To pass the driving test, he practises again and again.
take/spend/pay/cost（“花费”辨析）
①take：It takes (sb.) some time to do sth..
例：It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day.
②spend：sb. spend (s) time/money on/doing sth.. 例：I’ve spent two hours on it.
③pay：sb. pay (s) money for sth.. 例：How much did you pay for the food
④cost：sth.. cost (s) sb. money 例：The skirt cost me 300 yuan.
halfway
①副词：在中途、到一半程度 例：I got the ball on the halfway line.
②形容词：在……的中间、在中途 例：halfway up the mountain（爬到半山腰）
pale
①形容词：苍白的；浅色的 例：She turned pale at the news.
if（引导宾语从句） 连词：是否 例：She asked me if I could help with her English.
attach动词：系、绑、贴 固定搭配：attach A to B 例：Attach the label to the box.
until
①连词：直到……为止（引导时间状语从句）例：I will stay with you until your mother comes back.
②介词：到……时、直到……为止 例：It may last until tomorrow.
policewoman 可数名词：女警察（复数：policewomen） 例：My sister is a policewoman.
拓展：policeman（男警察,复数policemen）、police（表复数意义）
pick up
动词短语：取回、拣起、拿起；（开车）接人；接电话 例：Please pick up the pen from the floor.
用法：人称代词作宾语时,放于pick与up之间
cross with sb. 短语：对某人生气或不满（cross形容词,生气的、恼怒的）例：Don’t be cross with the kids.
phone①及物动词：给……打电话（phone sb. = call sb.）例：I’ll phone you when I arrive.
②名词：电话 固定搭配：make a phone call、on the phone 例：She’s on the phone right now.
be proud of
短语：为……骄傲、感到自豪（相当于take pride in）例：His family are proud of him.
拓展：be proud to do sth..（为做某事感到骄傲）例：He is proud to be a student of Tsinghua University.
elderly
形容词：年老的、渐老的（委婉表达,与old近义）搭配：the elderly（老人）、elderly people（老年人）
例：We should take good care of the elderly.
point
①名词：要点、重点；分数、得分 例：She made some good points in her speech.
②动词：指、指向 例：She pointed at the map and explained the route.
allow（及物动词）：允许
结构：allow sb. to do sth..、allow doing sth..、be allowed to do sth..
例：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.
lazy（形容词）：懒洋洋的、慵懒的；懒惰的（比较级lazier,最高级laziest）
例：We spent a lazy afternoon by the pool.
turn down拒绝；关小、调低 例：He turned down his good friend’s advice.
alone（副词/形容词）：单独、独自（强调客观）例：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
lonely（形容词）：孤独的、寂寞的；偏僻的（强调主观,有感彩）例：It’s a lonely beach.
cut off动词短语：切断（联系、供应等）；打断（说话）例：She felt cut off from the rest of the world.
too much/much too/too many
①too much：太多（后接不可数名词；可作名词/副词短语）例：He doesn’t have too much money.
②much too：太（后接形容词/副词）例：It is much too cold.
③too many：太多（后接可数名词复数）例：There are too many people in the park.
draw away动词短语：转移、离开；拉开、移走
例：The loud music drew attention away from the teacher’s speech.
disagreement
①名词：意见不合、分歧、争论（动词形式disagree,反义词agreement）
固定搭配：have a disagreement with 例：We have a few disagreements, but we are still good friends.
②agree with/agree on/agree to
agree with：后接表示人/意见的名词/代词,同意某人的看法 例：I quite agree with you.
agree on：双方/多方就具体对象达成一致意见 例：We don’t agree on everything of course.
agree to：后接建议/计划类名词,同意计划或建议 例：He agreed to our plan at last.
turn...into... 短语：把……变成……（与change...into...同义,拓展：turn into）
例：We’ve turned wasteland into rice fields.
accept与receive
accept：主观上接受、承认 例：She accepted the gift with pleasure.
receive：客观上收到,不一定愿意接受 例：I received the package just now.
pressure名词：（工作/生活中的）压力 搭配：pressure of sth..、pressure on sb.、under pressure
例：People should understand the pressure on doctors.
experience
①及物动词：经历、体验、体会 例：Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives.
②可数名词：（一次）经历、体验 例：It is a good experience for me to teach in the school.
③不可数名词：经验、实践 例：He has much experience in doing the work.
pain/gain
①pain（名词）：痛苦、苦恼；（身体上）疼痛 例：Sometimes life is filled with pain.
②gain（名词）：好处、利益、改进（搭配：no pain, no gain）
例：Learning a new language is hard, but remember: no pain, no gain.
try out
动词短语：参加…选拔、试用（与for连用表“参加选拔”）例：We could try out for the football team.
disappointed（形容词）：失望的、沮丧的（搭配：be disappointed at/with/about sth..）
例：Tom’s parents are disappointed at his results of the exams.
fail（动词）：失败、未做到（搭配：fail to do sth..）
例：I tried out for the basketball team, but the coach said I wasn’t tall enough.
fail
①动词：失败、未做到（搭配：fail to do sth.. = fail in doing sth..）例：He failed to work out the problem.
②动词：不及格（反义词：pass）例：Jenny failed English but she passed maths.
拓展：failure（名词,失败） 例：Don’t be afraid of failure—it’s just a step towards success.
can’t help doing sth.. 短语：忍不住做某事、不能停止做某事
例：The movie was so touching that many people couldn’t help crying.
heartbreaking 形容词：使人心碎的（名词形式：heartbreak,心碎、悲痛不已）
例：He called the event a heartbreaking loss.
Why not do sth.. 句型：为什么不做某事？（提建议,相当于Why don’t we/you do sth.. ）
例：Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks
something else短语：其他的东西/事物（修饰复合不定代词的词后置）
例：Something else is more important than this task.
拓展：some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句,any构成的用于否定句/疑问句；表建议/请求时,some构成的仍可用于疑问句 例：Would you like something to drink
skiing/ski
①skiing（不可数名词）：滑雪运动（搭配：go skiing）例：We are going to go skiing this winter.
②ski（动词）：滑雪 例：I am learning to ski.
③ski（可数名词）：滑雪板 例：He bought a new ski.
suggest及物动词：建议、提议
结构：suggest sth.. (to sb.)、suggest doing sth..、suggest + that从句（虚拟语气,should+动词原形,should可省） 例：I’ll suggest a new plan (to him).
拓展：suggestion（可数名词,建议） 例：He gave me some suggestions about learning English.
take sb.’s mind off sth.. 短语：转移某人对某事的注意力、使某人不再去想（或担忧）某事
例：A walk in the park will take your mind off work stress.
fall in love with 短语：爱上、喜欢上 例：He fell in love with drawing when he was young.
completely/complete
①completely（副词）：完全地、全部地、彻底地 例：They can cover some trees almost completely.
②complete（形容词）：完全的、彻底的 例：We were in complete agreement.
③complete（动词）：完成、结束 例：It took us two days to complete everything.
take a turn短语：发生变化、产生转变（拓展：take turns (to do/doing) sth..,轮流做某事）
例：My career has already taken a new turn.
fall upon sb./sth..短语：落在某人/某物身上；突然发生在某人/某物身上
例：The task of organising the party fell upon her.
clearly/clear
①clearly（副词）：清楚地、明白地（在句中作状语）例：Please speak clearly.
②clear（形容词）：清楚的、明确的 例：The question isn’t very clear.

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