资源简介

(共5张PPT)
UNIT 2　Understanding each other
单元话题导入
　　本单元的话题是“相互理解”。通过本单元的学习可以帮助学生
学会倾听他人、有效沟通，同时拓展国际视野，培养跨文化沟通能
力，坚定文化自信并增进中外语言文化的相互理解与交流。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
mail， tone， exchange， knowledgeable， encode， straightforward
1. A good relationship starts with
communication.Effective communication functions as the best way to
understand each other.（The sender a message and sends
it face to face， or through video， telephone， or social
media.）
straightforward　
encodes　
mail　
2. A person usually pays attention to using
communication skills， including making eye contact， listening
carefully， showing respect， responding in a gentle timely
and so on.
3. Cultural is a way of building bridges between countries
and the main drive for humankind’s progress.
knowledgeable　
tone　
exchange　(共27张PPT)
单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 ◇自我评价
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1. n.公司，企业；规划，事业
2. adj.坦诚的；简单的
3. n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力
4. n.语气，腔调；风格，特色
5. vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；（从……中）受益
n.好处，利益
enterprise　
straightforward　
friction　
tone　
gain　
6. adv.有点，有几分，稍微
7. n.干涉行为，干预
8. adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
9. n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
10. n.食堂，餐厅
11. n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争
vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
somewhat　
intervention　
pessimistic　
linguist　
canteen　
contest　
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1. As I ran up the stairs， my foot s and I fell.
2. He didn’t receive the m written to him because the address on it
was wrong.
3. We’d better change another road because there is a traffic j
ahead.
4. Judging from his a ， he is probably from Sichuan Province.
5. If you can improve your h ， you will get a higher mark
for your composition.
lipped　
ail　
am　
ccent　
andwriting　
6. We need both positive and negative （反馈的意见）
from our customers.
7. We must read as much as possible to enlarge our （词
汇量）.
8. They sent some flowers as a gesture of （同情） to the
parents of the child.
9. To （获得） her degree， she answered 81 questions over
10 papers.
feedback　
vocabulary　
sympathy　
obtain　
10. If you don’t know much about cars， take a
（博学的） friend along.
knowledgeable　
二、拓展词汇用活
1. vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反
应→reaction n.反应；回应
2. adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的→gently adv.轻轻地；温
柔地；温和地→gentleness n.和蔼，温和
3. adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competently
adv.胜任地，适合地→competence n.能力；胜任；技能，本领
4. vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服→suitable
adj.合适的；适宜的
react　
gentle　
competent　
suit　
5. vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
→approving adj.赞成的，同意的→approved adj.经核准的，被认可
的→approval n.赞成，同意；批准，通过→disapprove vi.& vt.不赞
成；反对；不同意→disapproval n.不赞成；反对
6. adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实→precise
adj.精确的；准确的→precision n.精确；准确；细致
7. n.偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt.更喜欢
approve　
precisely　
preference　
8. adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrass vt.使尴
尬，使难堪→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的
→embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情
9. n.意图，计划→intend vt.计划，打算
10. vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信→correspondence
n.一致，符合；通信联系；往来书信→corresponding adj.符合
的，相应的，相关的
11. vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现→behaviour n.举
止，行为
embarrassed　
intention　
correspond　
behave　
12. vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受→tolerance n.容
忍，忍受；宽容→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的，忍受的；能
耐……的
13. vt.吟诵；列举→recitation n.朗诵；朗读；逐一列举；
逐个叙述
14. adj.（尤指外语）流利的，熟练的→fluently adv.流利
地；流畅地→fluency n.流畅，熟练
15. vi.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperation n.合作，
协作→cooperative adj.合作的，协作的；同心协力的
tolerate　
recite　
fluent　
cooperate　
16. vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异
→rejection n.拒绝，否决
17. n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend vt.易于做某事，
往往会发生某事
18. adv.真诚地，诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚
的，诚恳的→sincerity n.真挚，诚心诚意
reject　
tendency　
sincerely　
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Kids with （prefer） for the arts have a greater chance
of finding employment in the future.
2. Language researchers say pronunciation and （fluent）
are the biggest barriers， followed by grammar in effective spoken
English.
3. They were unacknowledged and （reject） by others.
4. Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even stupid jokes can
relieve others of risk and （embarrass）.
preference　
fluency　
rejected　
embarrassment　
5. It is not my （intend） to point out the central theme of
each of the plays in this collection.
6. In the past， there was often an automatic （react） to
increased traffic：just widen the roads.
7. As the small boat moved （gentle） along the river， he
was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the
water.
intention　
reaction　
gently　
8. This smart keyboard （precise） measures the cadence
（节奏） with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each
key.
9. A man should learn （suit） ways to deal with life.
10. It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much
public （approve） they get online， often through
likes.
precisely　
suitable　
approval　
11. All in all， I （sincere） invite you to come to our
school and see for yourself.
12. This shows how mankind cares for life， cherishes friendship， and
recognizes the importance of （cooperate） and
mutual aid.
cooperation　
sincerely　
三、重点短语用准
1. 　处于某人的境地，设身处地
2.
是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占
3. 　赞成，赞同
4. 　拓展视野，开阔眼界
5. 　担任，充当
6. 　吸引某人的注意力
7. 　面对面
8. 　参考；指的是
put yourself in sb’s shoes　
account for sth　
approve of　
broaden one’s mind　
function as　
attract one’s attention　
face to face　
refer to　
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1. They have been working hard day and night， which
their pale faces.
2. is of great importance when you
have conflicts with friends.
3. I your trying to earn some money， but please don’t
neglect your studies.
4. If you ， you will naturally stop worrying.
accounts for　
Putting yourself in their shoes　
approve of　
broaden your mind　
5. A typical PDA can a mobile phone， fax sender， and
personal organizer.
function as　
四、经典句式写美
1. 句型公式：“not only ...but also ...”结构
教材原句：Much of what we communicate is dependent
（不仅） on the words we use， （而且） on how we
use them.
2. 句型公式：“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构
教材原句： （时间越长） a borrowed word has been
in use， （就越） it sounds and even looks like the
native language.
not only　
but also　
The longer　
the more　
3. 句型公式：强调句
教材原句： （也正是通过那些
词） novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more
conveniently and quickly.
It is also through those words that　
Ⅳ.完成句子
1. The boy is .
这个男孩不仅聪明而且很幽默。
2. air there is inside the tyre， the pressure
there is in it.
轮胎里空气越多，里面的压力就越大。
not only clever but also very humorous　
The more　
the greater　
3. I got to know Tom.
我正是在中国认识了汤姆。
It was in China that　
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情
感 描
写 ①gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的
②competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
③knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的
④sympathy n.同情；赞同
⑤embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
⑥fluently adv.（尤指外语）流利地，熟练地
⑦pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
⑧sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地
动
作 描
写 ①obtain vt.获得，赢得
②gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；（从……中）受益 n.好处，利益
③gesture n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示
vt.& vi.做手势，用手势表示
④recite vt.吟诵；列举
⑤slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入
n.差错；纸条；滑跤
环境 描写 ①kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
②contest n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争
vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1. 一天，一所幼儿园举行了一场演讲比赛。（被动语态）

2. 第一个走上舞台的人是一个美丽且很有能力的女孩，她的名字叫
Rose。（人物描写；动词不定式；非限制性定语从句）


One day， a speech contest was held in a kindergarten.
The first one to come onto the stage was a beautiful and competent
girl， whose name was Rose.
3. 她清晰且流畅地背诵了一首诗，充满了情感，赢得了热烈的掌声。
（人物描写；动词-ing短语作状语）


4. 就在那时，她滑了一下，摔倒了。（动作描写）

5. 她感到尴尬和悲观，甚至想放弃。（心理描写）

She recited a poem clearly，fluently and full of emotion， gaining
warm applause.
Just at that moment， she slipped and fell down.
She felt embarrassed and pessimistic， and even wanted to give up.
6. 我向她做了一个手势，鼓励她继续下去。（动作描写；动词-ing短
语作状语）

7. 令我欣慰的是，她站起来成功地完成了她的演讲。（动作描写）

I gave her a gesture， encouraging her to go on.
To my relief， she stood up and finished her speech successfully.
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　






　　 　One day， a speech contest was held in a kindergarten. The first
one to come onto the stage was a beautiful and competent girl， whose
name was Rose. She recited a poem clearly， fluently and full of
emotion， gaining warm applause. Just at that moment， she slipped and
fell down.She felt embarrassed and pessimistic， and even wanted to
give up.I gave her a gesture， encouraging her to go on. To my relief，
she stood up and finished her speech successfully.　(共102张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
定语从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分的用法。
1. Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are
separated by a common language.
2. I spent one term in the UK，where the greatest challenge was the
indirect manner of speaking.
3. There were times when questions like “...would be met with the
reply ...” ...way of communicating.
4. So polite， in fact， that they will sometimes say the complete
opposite of what they really mean： a common opinion is “It’s not
bad”，which usually translates as “It’s awful”.
5. Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a preference for the
direct style， I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
6. As my experiences clearly show， learning a language is just the
beginning！
【我的发现】
（1）限制性定语从句指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对修饰
的对象加以限制。在从句中，关系代词或关系副词前没有
，如句 。
（2）非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的补充说明，通
常用 与主句隔开，如句 。 不能
用来引导非限制性定语从句。
逗
号　
1、3　
逗号　
2、4、5、6　
that　
一、引导定语从句的关系代词
1. 引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
We’ll reach the sales target in a month which/that we set at the
beginning of the year.
我们将在一个月内完成年初定下的销售目标。
However， because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and
find a job， whose life is full of ups and downs.
然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满
了起起落落。
This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky
guy.
这位女士给她的儿子树立了一个好榜样，他是一个非常幸运的
小伙子。
2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用
that 的情
况 先行词是all、much、few、little、everything、anything、
nothing、none、the one等不定代词时
先行词被any、few、little、much、some、no等词修饰或被the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时
先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
主句是以who、which、what等开头的特殊疑问句时
只用
which 的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that
介词后用which，不用that
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
We should do everything that is useful to the people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in？
你以前在哪个幼儿园上学？
I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I
saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
①The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp， was
surrounded by a high wire fence.
②The man is sitting in the front row is our English
teacher.
③He lives in a big house window faces the sea.
④Is there anything else you asked me to do for you？
⑤This is one of the most exciting basketball games my
nephew has ever seen.
⑥The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
which　
who/that　
whose　
that　
that　
that/which　
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
二、引导定语从句的关系副词
关系副词 先行词 在从句中
所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象地点名词（situation、point、activity、case、stage等） 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
I will never forget the day when （＝on which） we moved into our new
house.
我永远不会忘记我们搬进新家的那一天。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where （＝in
which） they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
He didn’t know the reason why （＝for which） he was dismissed.
他不知道他为什么被解雇了。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
①The time was a very difficult period of my
life.
第一次见到他的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
②Ancient China was a place
.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
when I first met him　
where states were often at war with each
other　
③The reason is that it
has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我最喜爱的体育运动是打篮球，原因是它一直给我力量来面对生活中
的挑战。
why my favourite sport is playing basketball　
三、定语从句中关系词的选用
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是
及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。
方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分（主、宾、定、
状、表），也能正确选择出是用关系代词还是关系副词。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，应用关系代词
（who、whom、that、which、whose、as）；关系词在从句中作状语
时，应用关系副词（where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原
因状语）。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father.
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年待过的山村。
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法
方法一：根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。
方法二：根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
方法三：根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没有房子住。
I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为
什么上学迟到。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。
2. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句注意事项
（1）“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或
whom。
Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now？
你认识刚才和布莱克先生说话的那个人吗？
（2）关系副词where、when、why有时可以用“介词＋关系代词”
替换，介词取决于先行词及“介词＋which”在从句中所作的
成分，why只能用for which替换。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
＝This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。
（3）“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，
说明整体中的一部分。
Last week， only two people came to look at the house， neither
of whom wanted to buy it.
上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。
（4）“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”可替换为
“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。
The house， the windows of which/of which the
windows/whose windows were damaged， has now been repaired.
那所窗子遭到破坏的房子现在已经修好了。
五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切，如果省
略，主句意义往往不完整 和先行词关系并不十分密切（起补
充说明的作用，删除后不影响整个
句子意义的表达）
主句和从句不用逗号隔开 主句和从句用逗号隔开
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修
饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整
个主句或主句的一部分
He is the man who came to see you yesterday.
他是昨天来看你的那个人。
The sports meeting was put off， which astonished us.
运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。
2. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句
时，修饰整个主句或主
句的一部分 可放在句首、句中或句尾，意为“正
如……，正像……”；从句的谓语动词
多为see、know、expect、say、
mention、report等
w
hi
ch 引导非限制性定语从句
时，修饰整个主句或主
句的一部分，也可修饰
先行词 只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这
件事”等；which引导的从句与主句之
间常含有并列或因果关系
As we all know， smoking is harmful to health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time， which is very important to us.
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
3. 非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别
非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开，并且不能加入and、
but、so等连接词。并列句一般由and、but、so、or等词连接。
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows， most of which
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows， and most of them
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
他付给那个男孩10美元擦窗户，大部分窗户至少有一年没擦了。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Trading leather shoes is the business
.
皮鞋生意是格林一家致力于的事业。
② ， talks between the two countries
are making progress.
正如报纸上报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在取得进展。
to which the Greens are
devoted　
As is reported in the newspapers　
③I will never forget the day
.
我永远不会忘记我被大学录取的那一天。
④He has a lot of friends， when
he is in trouble.
他有许多朋友，当他遇到麻烦时有一些朋友会给他提供帮助。
when/on which I was admitted into a
university　
some of whom will offer help to him　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
preference n.偏爱；偏爱的事物
【教材原句】　Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a
preference for the direct style， I found that I often failed to get straight to
the point.
现在，当我与偏爱直接风格的美国人交谈时，我发现我常常无法直接
切入要点。
【用法】
（1）have/show a preference for　　喜好……，偏爱……
（2）prefer v.　　较喜欢，更喜欢
prefer to do/doing sth　　更喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth　　宁愿某人做某事
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
【佳句】　I like pop music while my sister has a preference for classic
music.
我喜欢流行音乐，而我妹妹偏爱古典音乐。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I prefer （exercise） at home， and it seems
that I am always going on a diet.
②Nowadays a lot of teenagers prefer （surf） the Internet at
home to taking exercise outdoors.
to exercise/exercising　
surfing　
【写美】　一句多译
③她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。
→ （prefer to
do ...rather than do ...）
→ （would rather
do ...than do ...）
She prefers to walk to work rather than drive a car.　
She would rather walk to work than drive a car.　
intention n.意图，计划
【教材原句】　Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or
embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others， and the
situation will also be awkward for the people around them.
那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害其他
人，这种情况也会让周围的人感到尴尬。
【用法】
（1）have no intention of doing sth　不打算做某事
with the intention of doing/to do ...　　抱有做……的目的/打算
（2）intend v.　　打算；计划；想要
intend to do/doing sth　　打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth　　打算让某人做某事
had intended to do ...＝intended to have done ...　　原本打算做……
be intended for　　打算为……所用，专为……而设计的
【佳句】　I start every summer with the best of intentions： to attack
one big book from the past， a classic that I was supposed to have read
when young and ambitious.
每年夏天， 我都抱有最好的打算：去读一本古书，一本我年轻而雄心
勃勃时就应该读的经典之作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I intended （visit） him， but I was afraid I would
disturb him.
②This book （intend） for primary and middle school
students， aged between 6 and 18.
③We come here with the （intend） of getting knowledge.
④His father intended him （study） medicine but he
decided to join the army.
⑤I （intend） to visit you last night， but it rained.
to visit/visiting　
is intended　
intention　
to study　
had intended　
【写美】　句式升级
⑥The university is known for its language and culture courses which are
intended for international students.
→The university is known for its language and culture courses
.（分词作定语）
intended
for international students　
correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信
【教材原句】　This is because the word that corresponds to
“umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means
“to separate”.这是因为汉语中与“伞”对应的单词听起来像另一个
汉语单词，意思是“分开”。
【用法】
（1）correspond to/with　　和……相一致，相符合
correspond with sb　　和某人通信
（2）correspondence n.　　一致，符合；通信联系；来往信件
in correspondence with　　与……有通信联系；
与……一致
（3）corresponding adj.　　符合的；相应的；相关的
【佳句】　I corresponded with Mary in the past several months when
she took care of my mother.
在玛丽照顾我母亲的这几个月里，我和她一直通信。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I have to inform you that the goods do not correspond the
samples you sent me.
②All rights carry with them （correspond）
responsibilities.
③What she has just said isn’t in （correspond）
with the views of the majority.
to/with　
corresponding　
correspondence　
【写美】　完成句子
④The way went from letters to
emails.
我们彼此通信的方式从书信变成邮件。
we corresponded with each other　
behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现
【教材原句】　If you know what to avoid and how to behave， you will
spare yourself embarrassment.
如果你知道避免什么和如何表现得体，你就会使自己免于尴尬。
【用法】
（1）behave well/badly to/towards sb　　对待某人好/差
behave oneself　　守规矩；表现得体
（2）well-behaved adj.　　表现好的
badly-behaved adj.　　表现差的
（3）behaviour n.　　举止，行为
be on one’s best behaviour　　尽量表现得体
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They behaved badly me at the party， which made me
very angry.
②It is not right for some parents to control the （behave）
of their children.
③You’d better be your best behaviour or else you’ll be in deep
trouble when Mom gets home.
【佳句】　Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and
better behave themselves.
应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，表现更加得体。
to/towards　
behaviour　
on　
【写美】　完成句子
④My mother asked me to .
我母亲要求我在客人面前举止得体。
behave myself before the guests　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
【教材原句】　Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or
embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others， and the
situation will also be awkward for the people around them.
那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害其他
人，这种情况也会让周围的人感到尴尬。
【用法】
（1）be embarrassed to do sth　　做某事而感到尴尬
be embarrassed about/at sth　　因某事而窘迫
（2）embarrass vt.　　使窘迫，使尴尬
（3）embarrassing adj.　　让人难堪（尴尬、害羞）的
（4）embarrassment n.　　窘迫，难堪；使人为难的处境
to one’s embarrassment 使某人感到尴尬的是
【佳句】　The embarrassing occasion embarrassed him so much that
he felt very embarrassed and an embarrassed expression appeared on his
face.
这个尴尬的场合使他很尴尬，他感到非常尴尬，他脸上露出了尴尬的
表情。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I would have liked him to give me a hand， but found
it （embarrass） to ask.
②The girl felt （embarrass） at being the centre of
attention.
③To avoid the （embarrass）， the girl pretended
that nothing had happened and continued working on her computer.
embarrassing　
embarrassed　
embarrassment　
【写美】　完成句子
④He people speak so highly of him.
他听见别人这样赞扬他，感到很尴尬。
was very embarrassed to hear　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
用正确的关系词填空。
1. The reason he was late was that his car broke down on the
way.
2. I know a girl father works in our community.
3. We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in
the disaster.
why　
whose　
who/that　
4. He was late for the opening ceremony， was very surprising
to me.
5. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday
should be put away.
6. She is such a girl is always finding fault with other people.
7. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry
tears， none of has been proved.
8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy
atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
which　
（that）
as　
which　
where　
9. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this
book and know my feelings for her.
10. This is my best friend， for I want to buy a present
because it is his birthday tomorrow.
when　
whom　
维度二：语法与写作
用定语从句完成下列句子。
1. ， getting close to nature is beneficial to our
health.
我们都知道，亲近大自然对我们的健康有益。
2. After graduation， he returned to the small town
.
毕业以后，他回到了那个他长大的小镇上。
As we all know　
where/in which he
grew up　
3. I will never forget the day
.
我永远不会忘记我们参观故宫那一天。
4. The girl handed everything in the street to
the police.
这个女孩把她在街上捡到的一切都交给了警察。
5. The man yesterday lives in the room next
to me.
昨天做演讲的那个男人住在我旁边的房间。
when/on which we visited the Palace
Museum　
that she had picked up　
who/that made a speech　
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的关系词填空。
　　Tai Dong is a small city in south-east Taiwan 1. I grew
up.My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. I was
born. The house 3. I grew up was on a main street in Tai
Dong. It was a nice house with a big garden 4. there were a
lot of nice flowers. My father sold tea， and my mother had a small
restaurant 5. there were always many customers. A cousin
of mine 6. family I visited every summer lived with us. He
was an apprentice （学徒） 7. my father was
teaching the tea business to.
where　
when　
where　
where　
where　
whose　
who/whom/that　
On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8. we
all gathered for dinner. I will never forget the happy days 9. we
were eating and talking happily. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother
and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 10.
I shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen.
where　
when　
which/that　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　When I worked as a global media coordinator （协调人） for the
United Nations several years ago， I organized biweekly conference
calls， during which I would ask my colleagues around the world to
provide information by particular deadlines.My colleagues almost always
responded with a yes.But all too often， the deadlines came and went
without the requested material.Finally， my South African boss had to
explain what would never have occurred to me： In many cultures， it is
rude to say no.So some people would say yes to anything I asked，
regardless of whether they had any intention of delivering.
　　If communicating internally at the UN was challenging， interacting
with the outside world was much harder.How would we reach people in
places where newspapers and televisions are still not widely available？
How could we generate media coverage there？ Communicating globally
may require changing the way you interview senior communication
professionals in 31 countries about how they help clients modify their
messages and strategies for particular cultures.I have found that some of
the biggest factors to consider when communicating in a new culture
involve emotion， context and social expectations.
　　As an example of emotional differences， if I were to do a media
interview in the US and became visibly angry at a reporter’s question， I
would be seen as unstable.By contrast， in the Middle East， when
people are talking about a heated issue， they tend to display powerful
feelings — those who stay cool and calm while discussing such a problem
may be viewed as untrustworthy.
　　Another big cultural difference revolves round the level of
“context” provided in a conversation.As an American，I am what is
known as a low-context communicator （who communicates information
in a direct manner that relies mainly on words rather than contextual
elements such as tones and body language）， so if I want something
done， I say so frankly.In high-context cultures， as in Asia， people
may do the opposite.You have to pick up on body language， tones， and
other contextual cues to realize that your colleague who just said yes to you
has actually communicated that she does not agree to your plan.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者结合自身经历，讲述了不同文
化之间的差异给人际沟通带来的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者结合自身经历，讲述了不同文
化之间的差异给人际沟通带来的影响。
1. How did the author probably feel about those colleagues according to
Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Confused and upset.
B. Ashamed and guilty.
C. Satisfied and delighted.
D. Doubtful and angry.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段中的My colleagues almost
always responded with a yes.But all too often， the deadlines came
and went without the requested material.可知，同事答应作者的事情
没有兑现，因此，作者肯定会感到不快；又根据最后两句可知，如
果不是来自南非的老板对此进行解释，作者会一直感到困惑，不明
白同事们为什么会这么做。由此可知，作者对那些同事可能感到困
惑和不快。
2. What is often expected in the Middle East when people discuss heated
issues？（　　）
A. Mild body language.
B. Remarkable criticism.
C. Emotional responses.
D. Confident evaluation.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的By contrast ...may be
viewed as untrustworthy.可知，当讨论到热点问题时，中东地区的
人往往会表现出强烈的情感回应。
3. What can we infer from the colleague mentioned in the last paragraph？
（　　）
A. She may be from the United States.
B. She may prefer to speak in a direct way.
C. She may be a high-context communicator.
D. She may be influenced by low-context cultures.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，这位同事表
达她的想法不是直接用语言，而是通过肢体语言、语气和其他与情
境有关的提示。所以，她可能是一个高语境沟通者。
4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
（　　）
A. The main content of the author’s book.
B. Cultural differences of social expectations.
C. Different meanings of “yes” in different cultures.
D. Important skills of communicating with colleagues.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中的I have found that ...
involve emotion， context and social expectations.可推知，在文章中
作者可能会分别讨论上面提到的这些因素，而第三段讲的是情感因
素，第四段讲的是语境因素。由此可以推断，在接下来的段落中最
有可能讨论社会期望方面的文化差异。
B
　　（2024·江苏扬州月考）When “irregardless” was included in
Merriam-Webster Dictionary， it caused wide
disagreements.“Irregardless” has been in widespread and near-constant
use since 1795， when a newspaper called The Charleston City Gazette of
Charleston Ga first used it.“We do not make the English language， and
we merely record it，” the dictionary’s staff wrote in “Words of the
Week”.
　　The word’s definition， when we read it， would seem to be：
without without regard.However， Merriam-Webster defines
“irregardless” as “nonstandard” but meaning the same as
“regardless”.According to Merriam-Webster， “Many people find
‘irregardless’ to be a ridiculous word， as the ir-prefix usually indicates
negative meaning； however， in this case， it appears to make the
meaning of ‘regardless’ stronger.”
　　“It’s not a real word.I don’t care what the dictionary says，”
responds author Michelle Ray， who teaches English in Silver Spring，
Maryland.And she says she’s still planning to mark “irregardless” as
incorrect on her students’ work.
　　An American newspaper The Baltimore Sun published the word in
editor John McIntyre’s commentary on Saturday，“‘Irregardless’ is
too a word； you just don’t understand dictionaries.People get upset
about the dictionary because they think it is some sort of the official
document.But actually， it’s not.It’s just lexicographers （词典编纂
者） identifying words that people use and trying to find out how they are
spelt， how they are pronounced， what meanings they have and where
they came from.”
　　“The dictionary’s recognition doesn’t enrol a word as correct in
the English language，” McIntyre says.“It just says this is a word that a
lot of people use in English.And here’s what we know about it.” So
it’s a word， but its use is still discouraged in formal writing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“irregardless”被收
录进了《韦氏词典》，引起了广泛的争议，还介绍了这一单词被使
用的历史以及人们对此的不同看法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了“irregardless”被收
录进了《韦氏词典》，引起了广泛的争议，还介绍了这一单词被使
用的历史以及人们对此的不同看法。
5. What’s the function of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To criticize the use of “irregardless”.
C. To introduce a new word.
D. To make a definition of “irregardless”.
解析：　推理判断题。第一段主要介绍了“irregardless”一词从
1795年起就一直被广泛使用，下文介绍了这个词在《韦氏词典》中
的释义，人们对该词的看法以及该词的应用。由此可知，第一段的
作用是引入关于“irregardless”一词的话题。
6. What is McIntyre’s attitude to the appearance of “irregardless” in
Merriam-Webster Dictionary？（　　）
A. Conservative. B. Favourable.
C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
解析：　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Irregardless” is too a
word； you just don’t understand dictionaries.可知，麦金太尔认为
“irregardless”的确是一个单词，只是我们对词典的理解不够。由
此可知，麦金太尔对《韦氏词典》中“irregardless”的出现持支持
态度。
7. What can we learn from the passage？（　　）
A. The dictionary’s staff rarely record the English language.
B. Michelle Ray thinks the use of “irregardless” formal but incorrect.
C. People are still not encouraged to use “irregardless” in formal
writing.
D. “Irregardless” had been in widespread and near-constant use before
1795.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的So it’s a word， but its
use is still discouraged in formal writing.可知，irregardless虽然是一
个单词，但不鼓励人们在正式的写作中使用它。
8. What can be the best title for the passage？（　　）
A. “Irregardless” Is Frequently Used in Formal Writing
B. “Irregardless” Shouldn’t Be Included in the Dictionary
C. Experts Can’t Agree on the Meaning of “Irregardless”
D. Regardless of What You Think， “Irregardless” Is a Word
解析：　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了“irregardless”被收录进
了《韦氏词典》，引起了广泛的争议，还介绍了这一单词被使用的
历史以及人们对此的不同看法。因此，D项（不管你怎么想，
“irregardless”是一个单词）是本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　There are mental health benefits to having friends who knew you
before you became a successful adult.9.（　　） They know when
you’re in high spirits and when you’re tired out.Maybe your friend
encouraged you to do something you didn’t dare to do.Maybe you
helped your friend learn how to drive.These memories probably form a
huge part of who you are.
　　Valuing friendship is associated with better health， greater happiness
and higher levels of wellbeing across cultures.Also， according to
findings published in Psychological Science， boys who spent more time
with friends as children tended to have lower blood pressure when they
became men in their early thirties.10.（　　）
　　Childhood friends view us in a way that might be frozen in time.12.
（　　） Maybe you even internalized the label.You therefore struggle
with the confidence and the high self-esteem （自尊心） necessary to
move into a new field.
　　However， sometimes these friends， knowingly or unknowingly，
limit our growth.Let’s say you weren’t great at academics and hit it big
when it came to sports in primary school.While your brother was called
“the brains”， you were labeled “the athletic one”. Your athletic
ambitions didn’t result in your becoming a star sports figure.11.
（　　） But you really want to do something else now.
　　13. （　　） Sometimes you lose them through no choice of your
own.It might feel like losing a part of your old self.Value and keep the
childhood friends who live a healthy life and support you in a positive and
balanced manner.
A. It’s easy to make friends.
B. Your friends helped shape you.
C. That idea might restrict you and box you in.
D. You can be sympathetic， but know your limits.
E. Letting go of a childhood friend is especially hard.
F. Therefore， you pursued a career as a personal trainer at a local fitness
center.
G. So， time spent with childhood friends is related to physical health
even in adulthood.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着年龄的增长，我们是否还应该
维持儿时的友谊？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着年龄的增长，我们是否还应该
维持儿时的友谊？
9. B　上文说到拥有儿时的朋友对心理健康有益，由此推断，设空处
说的应该是拥有儿时朋友的益处，故B项符合语境。设空后的form a
huge part of who you are与B项中的helped shape you相呼应。
10. G　设空前说到调查结果显示，童年时与朋友待的时间长的男孩
到了三十多岁后血压更低，由此可知，儿时的友谊对身体健康也有好
处，故G项符合语境。
11. F　设空前说到运动方面的雄心壮志并没有使你成为体坛明星，设
空后说到你想干点别的事情，F项符合语境。trainer、fitness与上文中
的athletic构成词汇同现。本段中hit it big意为“非常成功”， the
brains意为“智力超群的人”。
12. C　设空前说到儿时的朋友会以一成不变的眼光看待我们，设空
后说到那些标签会使我们缺乏自信开拓新的领域。由此推断，设空处
说的应该是那种一成不变的眼光对我们的负面影响。C项中的box you
in意为“阻碍，禁锢”。
13. E　上文说到有时儿时的友谊会妨碍我们的发展，下文说到要珍
惜对我们有积极影响的朋友，故E项符合语境。下文It might feel like
losing a part of your old self.是对设空处的进一步解释。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Tom McKenna had been a firefighter for nine years when he took on a
part-time job at Iroquois High School in Louisville， Kentucky.He
knew 　14　 would take a lot of work， but he never imagined that he’d
become a 　15　 in the process.
　　The first day McKenna arrived at the school in 2015， he
immediately felt 　16　 by then-16-year-old Brandon Reed.The student
athlete showed him around and made him 　17　.“He had a
strong 　18　 to succeed，” says McKenna.“ 　19　， I wanted to
help make him the best wrestler.”
　　It quickly became 　20　 that Reed and his fellow students， who
lived in a low-income area， had 　21　 resources.Coach McKenna
drove Reed to meets and practices and got him part-time work.He even
made 　22　 for Reed during his 75-hour work weeks at the firehouse，
where he’d cook healthy meals for the teenager.
　　At the end of the school year， when McKenna decided to 　23　 to
Taylorsville， Kentucky， with his wife， he invited Reed to come with
them.The two didn’t just train together.McKenna taught Reed how to
drive， manage money and learn to be 　24　.As was expected，
Reed 　25　 during his senior year.With McKenna’s 　26　 and
encouragement， he earned a full scholarship to Lindsey Wilson College
in Columbia， Kentucky， where he won the National Association of
Intercollegiate Athletics Championship.When Reed 　27　 everything
McKenna did for him， he says he’s “beyond 　28　”.“I don’t
know where I would be without him，” says Reed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了消防员McKenna教一名
中学生练习摔跤期间与他结下的深厚友谊。
14. A. rescuing B. consulting
C. searching D. coaching
解析：　根据下文Coach McKenna可知，McKenna在这所学校做
兼职教练，他知道当教练会花费很多精力。本空与下文中的
Coach是原词复现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了消防员McKenna教一名
中学生练习摔跤期间与他结下的深厚友谊。
15. A. first-aider B. stepfather
C. father-figure D. statesman
解析：　根据下文McKenna drove Reed to meets and practices、
cook healthy meals for the teenager、taught Reed how to drive，
manage money可知，McKenna不仅教Reed摔跤，还在生活上照顾
他。father-figure意为“父亲般的人，受尊敬的人”。
16. A. persuaded B. welcomed
C. interrupted D. guarded
解析：B　根据下文showed him around可知，McKenna到达学校的
第一天受到了Reed的欢迎。
17. A. forget his pain B. get into trouble
C. change his mind D. feel at home
解析：　McKenna第一天来到这所学校时，Reed非常热情地带
他参观，让McKenna觉得不拘束。
18. A. drive B. option
C. influence D. position
解析：　根据下文I wanted to help make him the best wrestler可推
断，Reed有强烈的取得成功的愿望，所以McKenna想帮助他。
19. A. Besides B. Nevertheless
C. Therefore D. Instead
解析：　参见上题解析。
20. A. bearable B. apparent
C. complicated D. helpless
解析：　根据下文Coach McKenna ...got him part-time work.可
推断，McKenna很快就了解到Reed和他的同学的处境，并帮助他
找到了兼职。
21. A. teaching B. extra
C. physical D. limited
解析：　根据上文a low-income area可推断，Reed家经济条
件有限。resources在此意为“财力”。low-income与limited构
成词汇同现。
22. A. room B. money C. time D. way
解析：　根据下文where he’d cook healthy meals for the teenager
可知，McKenna甚至在工作之余为Reed做饭。make time for意为
“为……抽出时间”。
23. A. relocate B. refer
C. apply D. walk
解析：　根据上文Louisville， Kentucky及下文中的invited Reed
to come with them可推断，McKenna搬家了。
24. A. free B. sensitive
C. generous D. independent
解析：　根据上文McKenna taught Reed how to drive， manage
money可知，McKenna在教Reed生活中用到的各种技能，使他学
会独立。
25. A. returned B. dropped
C. shone D. recovered
解析：　根据下文a full scholarship to Lindsey Wilson College可推
断，Reed在高年级时变得出类拔萃。
26. A. control B. guidance
C. pressure D. recommendation
解析：　根据上文taught Reed how to drive， manage money可
知，在McKenna的指导和鼓励下，Reed获得了大学奖学金。
guidance与taught、encouragement构成词汇同现。
27. A. checks in B. adds to
C. looks back on D. makes up for
解析：　根据空后everything McKenna did for him可知，Reed获
得大学奖学金、在摔跤比赛中夺冠后，回顾McKenna为他所做的
一切。
28. A. grateful B. hopeful
C. pitiful D. thoughtful
解析：　根据下文I don’t know where I would be without him可
知，Reed对McKenna充满了感激。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　English is full of loanwords （外来词） from other languages，
mostly from Latin or French.But did you know that there are also several
English words 29. 　　　　　　 come from Chinese？ Now let’s dive
in and learn some of them.
　　To start with， Chinese restaurants are found all over the world， so
it should come as no surprise that a lot of Chinese loanwords in English are
30. 　　　　　　 （relate） to food， such as wonton， dim sum， and
lychee.Perhaps the most interesting word on that list is
ketchup.31. 　　　　　　 is hard to believe that something so American
32. 　　　　　　 （actual） has its roots in China’s Fujian
Province.Back in the day， the Chinese made a kind of fish sauce.This
sauce in the Southern Min dialect （闽南语）
33. 　　　　　　（call） something like “ke-tchup”“ge-tchup” or “kue-chiap” in the 18th century， 34. 　　　　　　 （depend） on the dialect.It wasn’t until the 19th century that people first attempted
35. 　　　　　　 （add） tomato to ketchup.
　　The influence of Chinese on English words 36. 　 　 （extend） far beyond the kitchen.There are several Chinese words that are just too difficult to translate into English， so the original ones are used， such as typhoon， tai chi， kung fu， and mahjong.Many key 37. 　　　　　　 （element） of Chinese culture are better left said in
the Chinese way， after all！
　　As you can see， Chinese has made its mark on the English language
with quite 38. 　　　　　　 few words and expressions.Do you know of
any other English words of Chinese origin？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了一些英文单词源自
汉语的语言现象。
29. that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先
行词several English words，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
30. related　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词，表
示“有关系的”，故填related。
31. It　考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，句中的真正主语是to
believe that ...，故填It。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了一些英文单词源自
汉语的语言现象。
32. actually　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填
actually。
33. was called　考查动词的时态和语态。This sauce与call之间为被动
关系，应用被动语态，且根据后面的in the 18th century可知，应用一
般过去时，故填was called。
34. depending　考查固定搭配。depending on为固定搭配，意为“依
附，取决于”，在句中作状语，故填depending。
35. to add　考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth 表示“尝试做某事”，
故填to add。
36. extends　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是对
客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因设空处在句中作谓语，主语
为The influence of Chinese on English words，故填extends。
37. elements　考查名词复数。element为可数名词，意为“要素，特
色”，在此表泛指，且前面有Many修饰，故填elements。
38. a　考查固定搭配。quite a few为固定搭配，意为“相当多的”，
故填a。(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Borrowed words
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything
special about this sentence？ Well， all the words except “the” and
“is” are borrowed from other languages！[1]This comes as no surprise
①， given② that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different
languages， including Latin， Greek， French and Chinese.However，
English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed
words can be found in almost all languages. For example， English words
that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon③”，
“tank④” and “golf⑤”.
　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different
languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word
for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧. [2]This phenomenon⑨ has
been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization
⑩， when communications technology brings different cultures closer
together， words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the
source language at a faster pace than ever before， especially those related
to technological developments， such as “email” and “Internet”.
　　[1]句中given that用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“考虑到，鉴
于”。
　　[2]本句的时态为现在完成进行时。基本结构是“主语＋
have/has＋been＋doing ...”，表示谓语动词所叙述的动作行为由过
去开始，一直持续到说话之时且有可能还会继续。
【读文清障】
①come as no surprise 不足为奇
②given prep.考虑到，鉴于 （后接名词或that从句）
③bacon n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉
④tank n.坦克；（贮放液体或气体的）罐
⑤golf n.高尔夫球运动
⑥come about 产生，发生
⑦interact v.互动；相互作用；交流
interaction n.交流；相互影响
⑧native tongue母语
⑨phenomenon n.现象
⑩globalization n.全球化
　　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still
complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into
everyday speech. At first， the borrowed word is only used by bilingual
speakers.[3]It then spreads to people who do not know the original
language， and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they
speak， almost unknowingly .[4]An example of this is the word “kung
fu ”， which refers to Chinese martial arts. This word comes from
Chinese gongfu. Over time， the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.[5]The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can
hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting
words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions
to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. The
French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in
order to avoid borrowed words.[6]Some languages have an extremely
small number of speakers， such as the Native American Navajo
language， used only by the members of the tribe .Under this
circumstance， it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to
reject outside influences.
　　[3]本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句中含有who引导的定语
从句，修饰先行词people；后一个分句中动词不定式短语to fit ... 作
目的状语；定语从句they speak修饰先行词way。
　　[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词kung fu。
　　[5]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为
“越……，就越……”。
　　[6]过去分词短语used only by ...作后置定语，修饰名词the
Native American Navajo language。
integrate vt.& vi. （使）合并；（使）加入
bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的
unknowingly adv.未意识到地，不知不觉地，无意中
kung fu n.功夫
refer to 指的是
oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒
intervention n.干涉行为，干预
intervene vi.干预，介入
pure adj.纯净的；完全的
tribe n.部落
reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异
rejection n.拒绝接受（相信……）；否决
　　[7]While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange
between languages， there are also other communities that readily
welcome borrowed words.English， especially， is based on a mix of
Latin， Greek and Germanic languages. The English-speaking
community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily
vocabulary.
In fact， there have never been any formal academic restrictions on new
borrowed words.[8]Borrowing words allows the language to continue to
develop， enabling the community to have a more efficient language
which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-
found ease.[9]It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread
and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
　　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to
point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse ，
the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style .[10] The
more international and globalized the world becomes， the more language
characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.
　　[7]While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；that引导定
语从句，修饰先行词communities。
　　[8]动词-ing短语enabling the ...作结果状语，表示自然而然
的结果。
　　[9]本句为强调句，句式结构为It is ...that ...，用来强调介词短
语through those words。
　　[10]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构。
pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观
be based on以……为基础/根据
Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的
restriction n.限制，约束
novel adj.新的，新颖的，新奇的
linguist n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
isolated adj.孤立的；单独的；偏远的
for better or for worse 不管是好是坏，不管结果如何
tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好
go out of style过时
【参考译文】
外来词
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.（这家餐厅的炸豆腐真
美味。）”这句话有什么特别之处吗？好吧，除了“the ”和“is”之
外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的！这并不奇怪，因为英语已
从 300 多种不同的语言中借用了词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和
汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言引入外来词的语言——
几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来词。例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词
汇包括“培根 （bacon）”“坦克 （tank）”和“高尔夫 （golf）”。
　　当不同语言的两种文化相互交流时，外来词就产生了。这种情况
往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。这
一现象已经延续数千年。在如今的全球化时代中，当通信技术使得不
同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能会以前所未有的
速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如
“电子邮件 （email）”和“互联网 （Internet）”。
　　虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才
能融入日常用语中。起初，外来词只被双语者所使用，然后这个词会
传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来
词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。这一过程的一个例子就是“功
夫 （kung fu）”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来源于汉语词
汇“功夫 （gongfu）”。随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟
悉的发音所取代了。一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起
来就越像本土语言。
　　虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体
反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的身份，对外来
词采取干预措施以保持自己母语的纯正。法国人专门有一个创造新词
的官方组织，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美
洲印第安人的纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。在这种情况下，
拒绝外来影响关系着母语的生存问题。
　　尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对
外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和
日耳曼语的混合体。英语群体毫不犹豫地将外语词汇吸收到自己的日
常词汇中。事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限
制。借用外来词使英语得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效
的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。也正是通
过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。
　　语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语
言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。世界越是变
得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会共享更多语言特征。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and
fill in the blanks with suitable
words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Why is the first sentence showed？（　　）
A. To show the sentence is indeed special.
B. To show English is difficult to understand.
C. To show that we had better not learn English.
D. To show that English is a language with many borrowed words.
2. Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？（　　）
A. It can meet the needs of mutual interaction.
B. It happens because of technological developments.
C. Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than
before.
D. People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other.
3. What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　）
A. The French are expert at creating new words.
B. Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die
out.
C. Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language
communities.
D. In order to defend their identity， some language communities oppose
borrowing words.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words in English？
（　　）
A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent.
5. Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage？（　　）
A. Economy. B. Culture.
C. Politics. D. Sports.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
skateboard （n.滑板）是由动词（skate）＋名词（board）合成
的名词。
合成名词构词法 例词
名词＋名词 weekend
名词＋动词 daybreak
名词＋动词-ing形式 handwriting
合成名词构词法 例词
名词＋及物动词＋er/or painkiller
名词＋介词＋名词 editor-in-chief
动词＋名词 typewriter
动词-ing形式＋名词 reading room
形容词＋名词 gentleman
副词＋动词 outbreak
介词＋名词 afternoon
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
举例子：举例子是通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物特
征的说明方法。举例子的作用是使文章表达的意思更明确，更生动
形象，使读者更明白，还可以增强说服力，引发读者思考。
请从课文第一段中找出此类用法的句子。


For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese
language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
integrate vt.& vi.（使）合并；（使）加入
【教材原句】　Though borrowing words has become faster， the
process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are
integrated into everyday speech.
虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才能融
入日常用语中。
【用法】
（1）integrate （sb/sth） into ...（使某人/物）融进/加入……
integrate A and/with B 将A和B合并/融合
（2）integrated adj.　　各部分密切配合的；综合的
（3）integration n.　　结合；整合；融合
【佳句】　Integrating the kids with the community is essential.使孩子
们融入这个社区是非常必要的。
His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.他的音乐结
合了传统和新技术。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It’s very difficult to integrate yourself a society whose culture
is so different from your own.
②The aim is to promote closer economic （integrate）.
into　
integration　
【写美】　翻译句子
③围绕某一题目写作有助于你将新知识和已有知识结合起来。


Writing about a topic helps you integrate new knowledge with what you
already know.
oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒
【教材原句】　Borrowed words are an outcome of language
development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities
oppose adopting words from other cultures.
虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体反对
从其他文化中吸收词汇。
【用法】
（1）oppose （doing） sth　　反对（做）某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth　　反对某人做某事
（2）opposed adj.　　反对的；对立的
be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事；与……对立
（3）opposing adj.　对立的；相竞争的；相反的
opposite adj.　　对面的；相反的
【佳句】　Although we were opposed to littering， some visitors
ignored us and behaved badly.尽管我们反对乱扔垃圾，但一些游客无
视我们，行为恶劣。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The local residents strongly oppose （build） a chemical
factory in this area.
②She seems very much opposed your going abroad.
③The senior students are strongly opposed to （treat）
unfairly by others.
building　
to　
being treated　
【写美】　句型转换
④In order to protect the environment， I firmly object to using disposable
chopsticks.
→In order to protect the environment，I
.
firmly oppose/am firmly
opposed to using disposable chopsticks　
tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好
【教材原句】　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be
difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for
worse， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.语言
学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言……”。
不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。
【用法】
（1）have a tendency to do sth　有做某事的倾向
there is a（n） ... tendency （for sb/sth） to do sth（某人/某物）有做
某事的倾向/趋势
（2）tend vt. 　照顾；照料
vi.　　倾向；趋于
tend to do sth　　易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend （to） sb　　照顾某人
tend to/towards　　倾向于，趋于
【佳句】　He has a tendency to be optimistic when faced with
difficulties.
＝He tends to be optimistic when faced with difficulties.面对困难时，他
有乐观的倾向。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It means that more heat energy tends （trap） in the
atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
②Personally， I tend the second plan that you offered，
because it is much easier than the first one.
to be trapped　
to/towards　
【写美】　一句多译
③据报道房价在某些城市有下降的趋势。
→It is reported that housing prices in some cities.
（tend）
→It is reported that housing prices in
some cities.（tendency）
tend to decrease　
have a tendency to decrease　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
【教材原句】　While some communities are pessimistic about the
exchange between languages， there are also other communities that
readily welcome borrowed words.
尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来
词持欣然欢迎的态度。
【用法】
（1）（be） pessimistic about ...对……悲观的
a pessimistic view of life　　对人生悲观的看法
（2）pessimism n.　　悲观；悲观主义
pessimist n.　　悲观主义者
【佳句】　He was pessimistic about his future， but since he got his
new job， he has become very optimistic.
他曾对未来感到悲观，但是自从找到新工作后，他变得很乐观。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He was criticised for an excessively （pessimism）
view of life.
②You will never succeed unless you get rid of your
（pessimistic）.
pessimistic　
pessimism　
【写美】　完成句子
③The doctors his chances of making a full
recovery.
医生们对他完全康复的可能性持悲观的态度。
are pessimistic about　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构
【教材原句】　The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more
it sounds and even looks like the native language.一个外来词使用的时间
越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。
【用法】
“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，就
越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一个“the＋比较
级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋
比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。
（1）“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”结构中，主句和从句的时
态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来
时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
（2）在意义明确的情况下，主从句都可以有所省略，特别是在谚
语、俗语中。
The more， the better.多多益善。
【品悟】　The higher the ground is， the thinner the air becomes.离地
面越高，空气就越稀薄。
The more we do for the people， the happier we will be.我们为人民做
得越多，我们就会越幸福。
【写美】　完成句子
①Generally speaking， an athlete trains before a
match， he will win.
一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他获胜的可能性就
越大。
② you read the book， you’ll
feel.
这本书你读得越多，你就越会觉得有趣。
the harder　
the more likely　
The more　
the more interesting　
③ the questions are， he is able
to answer them.
问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。
④ you read， you’ll
gain.
你读的书越多，学到的知识就越多。
⑤ fish there are in the pond， it is to catch
one.
池塘里的鱼越少，就越难抓到一条鱼。
The more difficult　
the less likely　
The more books　
the more knowledge　
The fewer　
the harder　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. Her proposal got r ， which made her quite disappointed.
2. Each child was told to r a poem to the class before class.
3. Pay more attention to your h and you will make much
progress in your study.
ejected　
ecite　
andwriting　
4. My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech c to be
held by my school next Friday.
5. By the age of two， a child will have a v of about two
hundred words.
6. It seems that these ants can （忍受） temperatures which
would kill other species.
7. They appeared surprisingly （悲观的） about their
chances of winning.
ontest　
ocabulary　
tolerate　
pessimistic　
8. According to the survey， most of the local residents （反
对） closing the hospital.
9. The two criminals （溜） out of the diamond shop，
disappearing in the darkness.
10. These shirts are comfortable to wear because they are made from 100
％ （完全的） cotton.
oppose　
slipped　
pure　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. She said she couldn’t speak English （fluent） as
before.
2. The medical experts say there is a （tend） for this
disease to run in rural villages.
3. We （sincere） hope that you will soon be restored to
health.
fluently　
tendency　
sincerely　
4. I came with the （intend） of staying， but now I’ve
decided to leave.
5. But for your close （cooperate）， we wouldn’t
have done the work so well.
6. The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal
（prefer）.
7. Sometimes， I feel a little （embarrass） by my
improper manner at table.
8. I must say I thought your （behave） at the party was a
bit out of line.
intention　
cooperation　
preference　
embarrassed　
behaviour　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 考虑到外面在下雨，我们最好待在室内。（given that ...）
， we’d better stay indoors.
2. 这栋房子融合了中西方的建筑风格。（integrate ...and ...）
The house .
3. 你越小心，犯的错误就越少。（the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较
级 ...）
The more careful you are， .
Given that it’s raining outside　
integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles　
the fewer mistakes you will make　
4. 尽管我们对自己很自信，我们还是应该意识到别人的长处并向他们
表示尊敬。（让步状语从句）
， we
should recognize strengths in others and show respect for them.
5. 直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。 （强调句）
I learned the truth.
While/Although/Though we are confident in ourselves　
It was not until the next day that　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　1. （borrow） words can be found in almost all
languages.Word borrowing 2. （happen） when two
cultures interact with different languages.But it will take a long time for
borrowed words 3. （integrate） into daily speech.
Borrowed　
happens　
to integrate　
　　At first， borrowed words are only used by bilingual 4.
（speak）.It then spreads to people 5. do not know the original
language.Now some language communities oppose 6.
（adopt） words from other cultures and make interventions to keep the
7. （pure） of native languages.While some people are against
borrowed words， there are others 8. （welcome） it.
　　Although there exist people who are pessimistic 9. it， the
10. （tend） to borrow words has never gone out of style.
speakers　
who　
adopting　
purity　
welcoming　
about　
tendency　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you
look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the
same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意
识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon
（变色龙） effect at play.
　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another
person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match
any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to
bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by
psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of
their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an
experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether
participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before，
like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the
impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％
and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph
with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were
being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to
ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants
being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The
results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter
higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we
develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a
person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of
connection.
　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are
positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the
extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire
personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common
signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a
social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some
chameleons for yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的
研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的
研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。
1. Why do people acquire others’ behaviour？（　　）
A. To match the environment’s colours.
B. To attract others’ attention.
C. To establish a connection with others.
D. To adapt to the surroundings.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的people acquire the
behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their
interactions smooth可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的
行为。
2. How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious
behaviour？（　　）
A. By directing their attention to a photo.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By telling them the purpose of the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The individuals weren’t
aware of ... to ensure unconscious acts.可知，实验者用一张照片吸
引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为。
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　）
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B. People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段中的It has shown that when
someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings
about them.可推断出，实验表明，人们倾向于那些喜欢模仿自己行
为的人。
4. Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the
passage？（　　）
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C. People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中对变色龙效应的定义可知，
随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙效应，这是因
为他们经常在一起相处，会无意识地互相模仿。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
　　Are you new to experiencing relationships？ Well， let me give you
advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship.
　　5. （　　） Do not hide things from them； do not lie.Don’t be
afraid to say things that aren’t very flattering about yourself.Getting
them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.If
there’s no trust， there’s nothing there.So please be honest and
they’ll learn to open up to you.
　　Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply
treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to
adjust to their liking.6.（　　） Don’t just think about yourself； think
about what your partner needs out of it as well.
　　 7. （　　） Always be willing to help them and give them positivity
at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really depend
on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your
partner has to be able to count on you when you are needed.
　　Make sure you have a good sense of humour with them.Laughter is
the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them； joke with them.Laughter
may seem silly， but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks
alive.8.（　　）
　　Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust，
but always communicate how you feel， even if it’s something that
upsets you.Instead of screaming， talk to them.9.（　　） It’s
important to communicate this to them， instead of keeping it bottled up.
A. Be an honest person with them.
B. Show them your personality.
C. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
D. Make sure you are encouraging to your partner.
E. Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F. Basically， learn to study your partners’ moods， wants and needs.
G. If they did something that made you unhappy， tell them about it in a
respectful manner.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与他人拥有一
段健康且长久的关系。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与他人拥有一
段健康且长久的关系。
5. A　下文介绍的是要想与他人拥有一段健康且长久的关系，就不要
向对方撒谎，要以诚相待，A项（对他们要诚实）与下文内容一致，
符合语境。
6. F　根据空前后内容可知，本段内容告诉我们要尊重同伴，不要只
考虑自己，要学会适应他们的喜好，F项（总的来说，学会研究同伴
的情绪、需要和需求）能够承接上下文，符合语境。
7. D　根据下文可知，本段内容告诉我们要带给同伴积极的能量，让
他们觉得我们是可以依赖的人，D项（确保你在鼓励你的同伴）能够
概括段落主旨，符合语境。
8. C　上文告诉我们要想与他人拥有一段健康且长久的关系，笑很重
要，C项（笑能让你们的关系更牢固、更持久）能够承接上文，进一
步阐述笑的重要性。
9. G　根据上文可知，本段内容告诉我们要与同伴进行良好的沟通，
即使是一些令你不快的事，也要与他们交谈，而不是尖叫，G项（如
果他们做了让你不开心的事情，请以一种尊重的方式告诉他们）能够
承接上文，继续讲述如何与同伴沟通。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Julia Jarman’s family was upset when she was diagnosed （诊断）
with cancer.But soon， her grandson Vigil made a plan to fill Jarman’s
last days with an unforgettable 　10　.
　　When Vigil’s high school prom （舞会） was 　11　， his sister
said， “Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？” Hearing his
sister’s 　12　， the 17-year-old immediately remembered that Jarman
had 　13　 been to a prom.But his school had a（n） 　14　 that
students could only have partners under 20， so Vigil first 　15　 the
principal of his school to ask him if he could bring his
grandmother.Luckily， the principal gave him 　16　.Excited， the
teenager asked his granny if she would like to 　17　 the first prom of her
life， and she 　18　 the invitation.
　　 While other teenagers walked into the venue with girls of
their 　19　， Vigil entered with his grandmother on his arm.At first，
Vigil wasn’t sure how his schoolmates would 　20　 to watching him
dance with Jarman.Later， he was 　21　 to see everyone welcomed her.
　　The DJ played Jarman’s favourite song.Vigil recalled the 　22　
moment， “She almost had me crying as she was singing it along with
me while we were dancing.”
　　Vigil’s mother felt proud of him for putting in the 　23　 to please
his grandmother.The teenager said，“My grandmother is my best
friend； I just wanted to do something 　24　 for her.”
　　“That night was wonderful，” Jarman revealed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了高中生Vigil带他
的奶奶参加的校园舞会。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了高中生Vigil带他
的奶奶参加的校园舞会。
10. A. dream B. memory
C. adventure D. performance
解析：　根据下文对Vigil带Jarman去参加舞会的描述可知，他
计划给自己的奶奶留下一个难忘的回忆。
11. A. behind the scenes B. in the way
C. around the corner D. out of sight
解析：　根据下文Why don’t you just take Grandma to the
prom？可知，Vigil学校的舞会即将来临。带奶奶去参加他的校园
舞会是他的妹妹给他提的建议。
12. A. suggestion B. comment
C. decision D. encouragement
解析：　参见上题解析。
13. A. never B. frequently
C. sometimes D. once
解析：　根据下文the teenager asked his granny if ...prom of her
life可知，Jarman从未参加过舞会。
14. A. habit B. purpose
C. order D. policy
解析：　根据下文students ...under 20可知，这是学校的规定。
15. A. begged B. contacted
C. persuaded D. thanked
解析：　由于学校规定学生们只能带二十岁以下的舞伴，因此
Vigil先联系了学校校长，问他自己能不能带奶奶去参加舞会。
16. A. information B. permission
C. confirmation D. explanation
解析：　根据下文Vigil把奶奶带到舞会现场可知，校长批准了
他的请求。于是他询问奶奶是否愿意参加学校的舞会，奶奶接受
了他的邀请。
17. A. organize B. reserve
C. observe D. attend
解析：　参见上题解析。
18. A. declined B. accepted
C. considered D. expected
解析：　参见第16题解析。
19. A. age B. height C. class D. family
解析：　根据上文的students could only have partners under 20可
知，其他学生都带着和自己年龄相仿的舞伴。
20. A. agree B. adapt C. react D. stick
解析：　起初Vigil内心有点忐忑，不知道他的同学看到他带着
自己的奶奶参加舞会作何反应。
21. A. puzzled B. amused
C. ashamed D. relieved
解析：　之后看到同学们都很欢迎奶奶，他松了口气。
22. A. hopeful B. ideal
C. touching D. proud
解析：　根据下文的She almost had me crying可知，Vigil的奶奶
随着音乐一起唱这件事让他很受触动。
23. A. money B. effort
C. belief D. trouble
解析：　根据语境可知，Vigil的妈妈看到他努力想办法让奶奶
开心，为他感到自豪。
24. A. special B. difficult
C. regular D. familiar
解析：　根据语境可知，Vigil说：“奶奶是我最好的朋友，所
以我想为她做一些特别的事情。”
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　Isabel Moreno sat carefully putting papers into a folder.She had been
at the Gateway Nature Center’s office all morning and was tired of
filing.She wanted desperately to work with the animals.She had been a
weekend volunteer that whole school year and had done extensive
research， reading books and websites on natural history.But her mom，
who was the assistant director of the center， said Isabel was still too
young.
　　Suddenly， the quiet was broken by Amy Jensen bursting in.She had
been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel and wandered around like she
owned the place.“Hurry up， Isabel，” she ordered.Isabel willed
herself to remain still and just smiled back.
　　Just then， Isabel’s mother rushed into the room with Mr Garza，
the custodian （管理员）.“The hurricane is now approaching the Gulf
Shore Preserve，” Mrs Moreno reported.“It needs help preparing for
it.I have to go down there with the staff.We’ll take the bridge， so we
shouldn’t be gone long.I need you girls to help Mr Garza get the storm
shutters （护窗） down in the aviary （鸟舍）.Then， stay inside with
Mr Garza.Call me on my cellphone if there’re any problems，” Mrs
Moreno directed as she rushed out.Isabel was excited to have an
opportunity to help the birds.
　　Amy announced she was now “in charge”. Isabel smiled again，
saying nothing.Mr Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back
inside.But when Mr Garza called Isabel’s mother， a worried expression
crossed his face.“A storm has flooded the bridge， and they’re stuck
there.Also， the storm is heading our way，” he said.Amy was
frightened.After silently considering for a few seconds， Isabel said
calmly， “We should move the birds to the reptile house （爬行动物
馆）.It’s on higher ground.” Mr Garza and Amy nodded.They rushed
out of the building.Once inside the aviary， Isabel watched Amy lunge
（猛冲） from cage to cage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds
would be scared by her sudden
movements. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was
able to return to the center. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would
be scared by her sudden movements.Amy calmed down， but she was
shaking.Isabel asked Amy to just think about the birds.They carried each
cage up to the reptile house.Some birds beat their wings when they felt the
wind.Isabel spoke comfortingly to them， and they soon grew
calmer.Amy watched in awe and tried to imitate Isabel.Finally， they
finished relocating the birds and waited inside the reptile house for the
storm to stop.
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able
to return to the center.She expressed concern that she’d left them alone
for so long， but Mr Garza told her that Isabel’s cool thinking had saved
the birds.Mrs Moreno looked at her daughter proudly.She asked Isabel
how she could be so confident and courageous.Isabel said all she could
think about was how scared the birds must have felt in their cages， and
she just took charge.Isabel paused a second and added she felt proud of
herself.(共107张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Effective communication
　　If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room，
how would you react①？ Just these two words can carry a lot of
information. [1]They could be interpreted as② a welcoming greeting from
a close friend， especially if accompanied by a gentle③ smile.[2]When
spoken by a stranger， they can function as a means of attracting your
attention. [3]Much of what we communicate is dependent④ not only on
the words we use， but also on how we use them. So， let’s look a little
deeper into the topic of communication.
　　[1]该句为主从复合句，主句中的主语They 指代上文提及的these
two words；从句是if引导的条件状语从句，if后面省略了they are，完
整句子为especially if they are accompanied by a gentle smile。
　　[2]When spoken by a stranger是When引导的时间状语从句的省
略，When后面省略了they are。
　　[3]句中what引导主语从句，作介词of的宾语；not only ...but
also ...连接两个并列的成分。how引导宾语从句。第一个we use为省
略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词words。
【读文清障】
①react vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
②be interpreted as 被理解为……
③gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的
④dependent adj.取决于；依赖的，依靠的
be dependent on 取决于；依赖，依靠
　　Communication is the process of exchanging information between a
sender and a receiver.The sender encodes⑤ a message and sends it face to
face， or through video， telephone， mail⑥ or social media. This
message is then received and decoded⑦ by the receiver.[4]In response
⑧， the receiver sends an encoded message back， which is referred to as
⑨ feedback⑩.This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the
entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
　　This communication process can be challenging but， with practice
and patience， you can become a highly competent communicator.
[5]To accomplish this， you need to know with whom you are
communicating.What is their age or position？ What is their relationship
with you？ What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？
[6]Once you have obtained this information， you can use it to
determine how best to communicate with them.[7]Depending on
whether you are communicating with a stranger， friend， family member
or co-worker， you will need to decide which communication channel best
suits the situation.
Furthermore， you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be. For example， if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal， you should do it face to face， using formal language in a straightforward manner.
　　[4]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词encoded
message。
　　[5]动词不定式短语To accomplish this作目的状语；whom引
导宾语从句，作介词with的宾语。
　　[6]Once引导状语从句，意为“一旦”；how best to
communicate with them作动词不定式to determine的宾语。
　　[7]动词-ing短语Depending on ...作状语，Depending on后
接一个whether引导的宾语从句；which引导宾语从句，作动词
decide的宾语。
　　Your body language is equally important， since it reveals a lot about
your thoughts and attitudes.Make sure it clearly supports the message
you want to deliver.[8] A smile shows you are attentive to the issues
being discussed， while looking away with your arms folded can
indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction .[9]Additionally， you
should not ignore the other person’s body language， which will give
you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. When you
notice a change in the other person’s body language， you should adjust
how you are communicating accordingly.
If someone looks at you with a confused expression， this could indicate
that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need
to clarify your message before moving on.
　　[8]本句整体上是并列连词while连接的并列句，while意为“然
而”。前一个分句中的宾语从句you are attentive to the issues being
discussed省略了引导词that；后一个分句中动词-ing短语looking away
with your arms folded作主语。
　　[9]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词body language；
whether the conversation is going well or not作as to的宾语。
⑤encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码（或密码）
⑥mail n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件
⑦decode vt.解（码），破译（尤指密码）
⑧in response作为回应，作为回答
⑨be referred to as 被称作，被称为
⑩feedback n.反馈的意见（或信息）
competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
obtain vt.获得，赢得
depend on 取决于；依靠，依赖
suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身
n.套装，西装，西服
negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成（协议）
enterprise n.公司，企业；规划，事业
straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的
in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式
make sure确保，务必
attentive adj.细心的；注意的；留心的
fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹
n.褶，褶层，折叠部分
friction n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力
as to 关于，至于
clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明
　　[10]While being knowledgeable about body language is vital， the
value of empathy should not be understated . Seek to understand the
other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and
looking at the situation from their perspective.[11]Suppose you are
discussing a project with your partner， who has just lost an important
basketball game and is inactive.
To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication
more effective， you may express your sympathy by， for instance，
saying， “I understand how you feel ...” However， some issues may
be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way
they do.[12]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of
view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and
empathize with them.[13] You may not approve of their ideas but at
least you will see where they are coming from， which means you can
make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
　　[10]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句中动
词-ing短语being knowledgeable about body language作主语。
　　[11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词partner。
　　[12]“only＋状语从句”位于句首，后面句子使用部分倒装。
　　[13]句中where引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语；which引导非
限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的
be knowledgeable about对……很在行
empathy n.同感，共鸣，同情
understate vt.轻描淡写；避重就轻地说
put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
sympathy n.同情；赞同
account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占
empathize vi.有同感，产生共鸣
approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
　approve of 赞成，赞同
at least 至少
tone n.语气，腔调；风格，特色
　　Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and
disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with
others.[14]Good communication skills will also help you build trust and
gain respect， allowing relationships to become more positive and
productive. So， get practising and good luck！
　　[14]动词-ing短语allowing relationships ... 作结果状语，表示自
然而然的结果。
gain vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；（从……中）受益 n.好处，利益
【参考译文】
有效沟通
　　如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反
应？仅仅这两个词就能承载很多信息。它们（这两个词）可以解读成
来自亲密朋友的热情问候，特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。当一个陌
生人这样说时，这句话可以当作吸引你注意力的一种方式。我们沟通
的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它
们。因此，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题。
　　沟通是一位发送者和一位接收者之间交换信息的过程。发送者对
一条信息进行编码然后当面发送出去，或是通过视频、电话、邮件或
社交媒体。这条信息随后被接收者收到并解码。作为回应，接收者再
发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。这条反馈再被原先的发送者
解码，然后整个过程不断循环往复，直到他们完成沟通。
　　这一沟通的过程可能是具有挑战性的，但是经过练习且拥有耐
心，你就可以成为一名技术高超的沟通者。要实现这个目标，你需要
知道你在和谁沟通。他们的年龄多大或者职位如何？他们和你是什么
关系？他们有什么期待、是什么文化背景？一旦获得了这些信息，你
就可以据此决定如何最好地与他们沟通。根据你是否在跟一位陌生
人、朋友、家人或者同事在沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合
当下的情况。此外，你还要决定使用何种恰当的风格，以及选词应该
有多复杂。例如，如果你是一个商人，正在与一家大企业洽谈一笔交
易，你应该面对面地，用正式的语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
　　你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它可以透露很多关于你的想法和态
度的信息。确保你的肢体语言明确地支持你想要传达的信息。微笑表
明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不
感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。此外，你不应该忽视对方的
肢体语言，它会为你提供线索，告诉你谈话进行得顺利与否。当你注
意到对方的肢体语言产生变化时，你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式。
如果有人用困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们还没有完全理解你的
观点。然后在继续对话之前，你将需要进一步阐明你的信息。
　　虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但是也不应轻视同理心的价值。
通过设身处地从对方的角度看问题来试着理解对方的情绪。假设你正
在和你的合作伙伴讨论一个项目，对方刚刚输掉了一场重要的篮球比
赛，因而表现不积极。为了让他（她）专注到讨论中来，并且使你的
沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言表达你的同感，比如对他 （她）说：
“我理解你的感受……”。然而，有些问题可能是复杂的，你可能会
对其他人为什么会有那样的感受或行为感到困惑。只有当你认真考虑
他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。
你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来，这意
味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。
　　有效沟通会让你妥善处理不同意见和分歧，改善与他人的互动。
良好的沟通技巧也会帮助你建立信任、赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更
加积极且富有成效。所以，开始练习吧，祝你好运！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is the function of Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. To lead into the topic.
B. To show such a fact.
C. To tell a funny story.
D. To emphasize the importance of communication.
2. In order to be a highly competent communicator， what information
should you obtain？（　　）
①With whom you are communicating？
②What is their age or job position？
③What is their relationship with you？
④What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have？
A. ①②③ B. ②③④
C. ①②④ D. ①②③④
3. What does “ this ” refer to in the second sentence of Paragraph 3？
（　　）
A. Practising communication.
B. Knowing who we communicate with.
C. Becoming a highly competent communicator.
D. Choosing the correct communication channel.
4. What can we learn from Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. Only your body language is important.
B. The other person’s body language should be ignored.
C. Both you and the other person’s body languages matter a lot.
D. Body language is entirely useless during the communication.
5. The author uses the example in Paragraph 5 to show 　　　　.
（　　）
A. it is not necessary to show your sympathy
B. it doesn’t matter to lose the basketball game
C. you should discuss the project with your partner directly
D. you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words in
such a situation
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）名词＋en前缀/后缀构成动词
①code→encode vt.把……编码；把……译成电码（或密码）
②danger→endanger vt.危害；危及；使遭危险
③courage→encourage vt.鼓励，激励
④strength→strengthen vt.加强
⑤length→lengthen vt.使变长
（2）后缀-able结尾形容词集锦
①knowledgeable 博学的，有见识的
②reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
③unbelievable 不可相信的；难以置信的
④available 可利用的；可得到的
⑤acceptable 可接受的；受欢迎的
⑥admirable 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的
⑦comfortable 舒适的；惬意的
⑧fashionable 流行的；时髦的
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
本文的语篇类型为讲座文稿。作者运用了下定义、排比、举例子、
习语等写作手法增强了语言表达效果。
请从课文中找出对应句子并翻译。
（1）下定义：是一种用简洁明确的语言对事物的本质特征作概括
的写作手法。


Communication is the process of exchanging information
between a sender and a receiver.
（2）排比：是把三个或三个以上意义相关或相近、结构相同或相
似、语言一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的一种
修辞手法。



What is their age or position？ What is their relationship with
you？ What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they
have？
（4）习语，也称惯用语，是经过人们长期运用，已经相对固定的
表达方式。



（3）举例子：是通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物或
事理的写作手法。



For example， if you are a business person negotiating with a
large enterprise about a deal， you should do it face to face，
using formal language in a straightforward manner.
Seek to understand the other person’s emotions， by putting
yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their
perspective.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
react vi.（对……）作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
【教材原句】　If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across
the room， how would you react？
如果你听到有人从房间另一头喊“嘿，朋友！”，你会有什么反应？
【用法】
（1）react to　　　　对……作出反应，起反应
react （with sth）　　（与某物）起化学反应，发生化学变化
react against　　反对；反抗
（2）reaction n.　　反应；回应
reaction to ...　　对……的反应
sb’s first/immediate reaction　　某人的第一/即时反应
【佳句】　It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how
you react to situations and how people will affect your mood.
如何过你的生活是你的选择——你来选择你如何对情况作出反应以及
人们将如何影响你的心情。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On hearing the news， my immediate （react） will be to
tell the police.
②The experiment shows how iron reacts air and water.
③Children tend to react their parents by going against their
wishes.
④Reacting body language is an important component of being a
teacher.
reaction　
with　
against　
to　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot
more .
但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你更关心他们的反应。
how they react　
put yourself in sb’s shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地
【教材原句】　Seek to understand the other person’s
emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the
situation from their perspective.通过设身处地从对方的角度看问
题来试着理解对方的情绪。
【用法】
（1）be in sb’s shoes　处于某人的境地，设身处地
if I were in your shoes （引出建议）要是我处在你的境地，换了我是
你的话
（2）step into sb’s shoes＝fill sb’s shoes/boots　　妥善代职，接替
某人的工作
（3）shake in one’s shoes 　　非常害怕（或紧张）；战战兢兢；心
惊肉跳
【佳句】　If I were in your shoes， I’d go there with him.如果我是
你的话，我会同他一起去那里。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you were my shoes， you would do the same thing as I did.
②When Bill’s father died， he had to step his father’s shoes
to support the family.
in　
into　
【写美】　完成句子
③If you ， perhaps you’ll
stop complaining.
如果你处于我的境地，也许你就不会再抱怨了。
put yourself in my shoes/are in my shoes　
sympathy n.同情；赞同
【教材原句】　To engage him or her in the discussion and make your
communication more effective， you may express your sympathy by，
for instance， saying， “I understand how you feel ...”为了让他
（她）专注到讨论中来，并且使你的沟通更为有效，你可以通过语言
表达你的同感，比如对他（她）说：“我理解你的感受……”。
【用法】
（1）have/express/feel/show sympathy for sb 向某人表示体恤；对某
人感到同情
out of sympathy （for ...）　 出于（对……的）同情
in sympathy with　　同情；赞同
（2）sympathize v.　　同情
sympathetic adj.　　同情的，有同情心的
sympathetically adv.　　同情地
【佳句】　All of a sudden， a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my
heart.
突然，我的心里升起了一股温暖的同情之情。（读后续写之心理
描写）
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I have no sympathy Jane， for it’s all her own fault.
②Prices are low sympathy with the general depression.
③My friends were very （sympathy） when I lost my
job.
for　
in　
sympathetic　
【写美】　完成句子
④ ， the kind-hearted lady
gave away her clothes and quilts to them.
出于对地震受害者的同情，这位好心的女士把她的衣服和被子赠
予他们。
Out of sympathy for the earthquake victims　
account for sth是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占
【教材原句】　Only when you give serious consideration to their points
of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and
empathize with them.
只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，
并与他们产生共鸣。
【用法】
（1）account n.　 账户；描述
vt.　　解释；认为是
take ...into account/consideration＝take account of ...　　考虑……
open/close an account　　开户/销户
of no/little account　　不重要；无足轻重
（2）on account of　　由于；因为
（3）on no account 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
（4）give an account of　　对……进行描述
【佳句】　The brain accounts for merely three per cent of body weight.
大脑仅占体重的3％。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The flight was postponed account of bad weather.
②Tom couldn’t finish his work on time， so his boss called him to
account failing to meet the deadline.
③ no account should we give up the plan， however difficult it is.
on　
for　
On　
【写美】　词汇升级
④I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
→I sincerely hope that you will my suggestions
.（应用文写作之建议信）
take　
into
account/consideration　
approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）
【教材原句】　You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will
see where they are coming from， which means you can make adjustments
to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法是从何而来，这
意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。
【用法】
（1）approve sth　批准/通过某事
approve of　　赞成，赞同
approve of （sb/sb’s） doing sth　　同意/赞成（某人）做某事
（2）approval n.　　赞成，同意；批准，通过
meet with sb’s approval 得到某人的赞许
win/earn sb’s approval 赢得某人的同意/赞许/认可
give one’s approval to　　赞成，同意；批准
meet with sb’s approval 得到某人的赞许
without the approval of　未经……许可
（3）approving adj.　　赞成的，同意的
approved adj.　　经核准的，被认可的
【佳句】　Now that you have approved of my idea， I will introduce it
to you in detail.
既然您赞成我的想法，我就详细地给您介绍一下。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You made a good decision， and I thoroughly approve it.
②I approve of your （try） to earn some money， but please
don’t neglect your study.
③It is just three months since we received official
（approve） to go ahead with the project.
④His mother leaned forward and gave him an
（approve） look.
⑤An （approve） export license is required before export
can be made.
of　
trying　
approval　
approving　
approved　
【写美】　同义句转换
⑥The mother didn’t give her approval to her daughter going out at
night.
→The mother didn’t at night.
approve of her daughter going out　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：“not only ...but also ...”结构
【教材原句】　Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on
the words we use， but also on how we use them.我们沟通的许多内容
不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。
【用法】
（1）not only ... but also ... 意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连
接两个表示并列关系的成分（如：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状
语），也可以用来连接两个句子，着重强调后者，其中also有时可以
省略。
（2）not only ... but also ... 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语
动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词和but also后的主语保持
人称和数的一致。
（3）not only ... but also ... 连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不用倒装。
【品悟】　Through this experience， not only did I get used to being
independent， but I discovered my potential.通过这次经历，我不仅习
惯了独立，而且发现了自己的潜力。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
① against the plan.
不仅同学们反对这个计划，而且老师也反对。
②Not only ， but
the craftsmen will also show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes
on the spot.
不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，而且工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将
纸剪成各种形状。 （应用文写作之中国文化）
Not only the students but also the teacher was　
will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display　
③Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength， but
also develop one’s character.
→Not only
， but also develop one’s character.
can practicing Chinese kung fu build up one’s
strength　
句型公式：“only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装
【教材原句】　Only when you give serious consideration to their points
of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and
empathize with them.
只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，
并与他们产生共鸣。
【用法】
（1）only放在句首修饰状语（通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句
等）时，句子需要部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态
动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。
（2）“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
（3）only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
【品悟】　Only when we match our words with actions can we make a
difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.只有我们言行一致才能对
我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①Only then that I was wrong.
只是那时我才意识到是我错了。
②Only by understanding each other those days together
happily.
只有通过相互理解我们才能一起开心地度过那些日子。
③The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this
way.
→Only in this way mentally and physically
healthy.（倒装句）
did I realize　
can we spend　
can the children grow up　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. The little girl f her newspaper and put it in an envelope.
2. The purpose of the audit is to o objective data for analysis.
3. Dwight Silverman can receive electronic m via the Internet.
4. “We’re so pleased to meet you at last，” he said in a respectful
t of voice.
olded　
btain　
ails　
one　
5. The purpose of this report is to （澄清） some points made
at our last meeting.
6. You have my deepest （同情）， and my thoughts are
with you.
7. Please try to give each piece of work some （反馈的意
见）.
8. Roz is （坦诚的） and lets you know what she’s
thinking.
clarify　
sympathy　
feedback　
straightforward　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The president has already given his （approve） to the
plan.
2. The professor is a （knowledge） person and has
lots of experience on developing new software.
3. We all have to accept that as we get older our （react）
slow down.
approval　
knowledgeable　
reactions　
4. The boy held the bird （gentle） in the palm of his hand for
fear of hurting it.
5. Though the country is poor， the doctors and nurses are qualified
and （competence）.
6. Your task is to help rural readers understand your message quickly
and （precise）.
7. I don’t have anything （suit） to wear for the party so I
don’t want to go.
8. There is considerable room for （negotiate） on some
of the details.
gently　
competent　
precisely　
suitable　
negotiation　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 我们在享受网上购物的便利时应该小心。（状语从句的省略）
We should be careful of shopping
online.
2. 不仅是她的妈妈，而且她的姐姐们也要来看她。（not only ...but
also ...）
coming to see her.
while enjoying the convenience　
Not only her mother but also her sisters are　
3. 我们应该教孩子们在危险中如何生存。 （“疑问词＋动词不定
式”结构）
We should when in danger.
4. 当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 （部分
倒装）
Lily walked into the office that she
had left the contract at home.
teach children how to survive　
Only when　
did she realize　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　The communication process can be challenging but， with practice
and patience， you can become a highly competent 1.
（communicate）.To accomplish this， you need to know with
2. you are communicating.
communicator　
whom　
3. （depend） on whether you are communicating with a
stranger， friend， family member or co-worker， you will need 4.
（decide） which communication channel best suits the
situation.Furthermore， you will need to determine the appropriate style
to use 5. how complex your choice of words should be.Your body
language is 6. （equal） important.Additionally， you
should not ignore the other person’s body language， which will give
you clues as to
Depending　
to
decide　
and　
equally　
7. the conversation is going well or not.What’s more， we should
attach importance 8. the value of empathy.Seek to understand the
other person’s emotions， by putting 9. （you） in their
shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.Good
communication skills will also help you build trust and gain other
people’s respect，10. （allow） relationships to become
more positive and productive.
whether
to　
yourself　
allowing　
　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　When I stumbled on （意外发现） an advertisement for a
conference， I couldn’t wait to tell my co-workers.It looked like a great
day of presentations highly relevant to our research， and I expected they
would be eager to attend with me.However， no one was interested.
　　A year earlier， I left India for the United Kingdom to pursue my
research career.At work， I shied away from engaging in discussions or
putting forward my opinions.I was afraid my co-workers would realize
how weak I really felt.Some mornings， just stepping out of my room and
going into the lab seemed a tough task.
　　Socializing didn’t help， as I constantly feared committing social
mistakes.I longed for new experiences， but my insecurities stymied （妨
碍） me.I started to keep more and more to myself.That began to change
after a quiet breakdown in the lab prompted （促使） me to contact the
university’s mental health services.The consultant suggested I attend a
nearby concert by a famous singer from my home country.I couldn’t
miss it.So， there I was in the packed concert hall， surrounded by
strangers — all of us clapping and singing the choruses of the familiar
songs.It was a beautiful night， and it proved to be a turning point.
　　My growing self-confidence carried over into my work， where I
started to speak up and put forward my opinions.I offered to help co-
workers design and troubleshoot experiments.I began to ask questions
during departmental meetings.I finally felt like an active member of the
group.
　　So， when that conference came around， I felt comfortable
registering to attend on my own — and I’m so glad I did.Not only did I
meet the speakers， but I also introduced myself to other attendees.The
encounters inspired me to critically evaluate my own professional
interests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国如何克服不
自信，适应新生活的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国如何克服不
自信，适应新生活的故事。
1. How did the author probably feel at first about his co-workers’
response？ （　　）
A. Eager. B. Worried.
C. Disappointed. D. Uninterested.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段中的I expected they would be
eager ...no one was interested可知，作者本来很想和同事一起去参
加研讨会，可是他们对此不感兴趣。由此推断，作者对他们的反应
可能会感到失望。
2. Why did the author contact the mental health services？（　　）
A. He wanted to solve a conflict.
B. He struggled to conduct research.
C. He often made big mistakes in socializing.
D. He lacked confidence in a new environment.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者到英国后，不
敢参与工作上的讨论，害怕同事认为自己能力不足。再结合第三段
第二至四句可推断，在新环境中的不自信导致作者心理出现问题，
所以他在一次崩溃之后联系了学校的心理服务。
3. What happened during the concert？（　　）
A. The author got the consultant’s help.
B. The author sang along with the audience.
C. The author met with a previous co-worker.
D. The author connected a song with his research.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的all of us clapping
and ...the familiar songs可知，在音乐会上作者与其他听众一起唱
熟悉的歌曲。
4. What did the author do at last？（　　）
A. He went to the conference alone.
B. He turned to experts for advice.
C. He took full charge of the lab.
D. He changed his professional interests.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的So， when that
conference came around， I felt comfortable registering to attend on
my own可知，后来作者独自去参加了研讨会。
B
　　Words are powerful： they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the
low or tear down the highest of the high.But a strong argument could be
made that our body language is even more influential.The most effective
communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching
is acknowledged.When these nonverbal signals are working together with
our verbal ones， it creates communication synergy.
　　It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is
nonverbal.Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to
motivate， inspire and engage.It can not only give you the confidence you
need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know
what you’re talking about.It can even make your students feel safe and
confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently.
　　Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power
and confidence.Signals include standing tall， gesturing only from the
waist up， keeping head straight and forward， and talking while pointing
to others， which are obvious ways to exercise control.But when
teaching， the nonverbal signals need to show a different type of
leader.These signals convey warmth and understanding， reminding your
students that you are approachable and there to help them grow.
For example， fix your eyes on one student for about 15－30 seconds
before changing to another student， which is one of the best ways to keep
students’ focus.Nod your head.Give a thumbs up — maybe two！ Show
them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in
continuing down it.
　　The importance of body language in teaching can never be
ignored.It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in
teaching and pay attention to the use of rules and skills.You should use
right， natural and clear body language.It’s crucial that you create a
good classroom atmosphere， inspire students’ imagination and grasp
students’ mood.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在教学中
的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在教学中
的重要性。
5. Which has a similar meaning to the underlined word “synergy” in
Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Energy loss. B. Confusing result.
C. Individual effect. D. Combined power.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的The most effective
communication occurs ...together with our verbal ones 可知，非言语
信号和口头信号共同作用时，会产生沟通协同作用。由此可猜测，
synergy意为“协同作用；增效作用”。
6. What do most leadership positions mainly express？（　　）
A. Warmth. B. Control.
C. Understanding. D. Encouragement.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，大多数领导职位
主要表现为行使控制。
7. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　）
A. To explain a theory.
B. To make a description.
C. To give suggestions.
D. To summarize a debate.
解析：　目的意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，肢体语言的重要
性不容忽视。在教学中提倡使用肢体语言，注意使用规则和技巧，
这是可取的，应该使用正确、自然、清晰的肢体语言。由此可知，
最后一段主要是给出建议，建议教师在教学中使用肢体语言。
8. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. The importance of teachers’ body language.
B. The effective ways of good communication.
C. The value of teacher-student communication.
D. The prospect of students’ nonverbal learning.
解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段中的The
importance of body language in teaching can never be ignored.可知，
文章主要介绍了教师使用肢体语言的重要性。
C
　　Older adults often complain about the loss of the good old days when
neighbours were friends instead of strangers， and everyone in the
neighbourhood left their doors unlocked.While home security is one
thing， interesting new research from Rutgers University has found that
feeling connected to one’s neighbours appears to promote better health
outcomes.
　　About 27 per cent of people aged 60 or older live alone in the USA，
according to the Pew Research Center.Living alone has been linked to a
number of unfavourable health outcomes such as heart disease，
depression， and poor overall biological health.So， researchers believed
it important to identify which factors may or may not help reduce the
negative effects of living alone.
　　The project focused on neighbourhood cohesion （凝聚力） among
Chinese Americans living in the greater Chicago area.Study authors
investigated if the perceptions of trust and connection among neighbours
had an impact on the death risk among that population.Subjects living
alone， and reporting minimal interactions or connections with their
neighbours， had a 48.5 per cent increased risk of death in comparison to
those living with other people.Meanwhile， people who lived alone and
reported strong cohesion with their neighbourhood displayed death risks
very similar to those living with others.
　　Establishing a clearer understanding of how different types of
neighbourhoods may influence locals’ health outcomes can help in the
creation of new social policies and public health initiatives aimed at
promoting better， more inclusive neighbourhood environments.
　　“Our findings show the particular challenges faced by older adults
who live alone in communities with little interaction or connection，”
concludes Yanping Jiang， author of the study.“Enhancing
neighbourhood cohesion may be a promising way to reduce early death for
older adults who live alone.”
　　Future studies should focus on additional factors involved in
neighbourhoods and how they influence the health of older adults.On an
individual level， we all can do our part.Consider being just a little
friendlier to your neighbours， especially those who live alone.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗格斯大学的新发
现——与邻居建立联系有益于健康。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗格斯大学的新发
现——与邻居建立联系有益于健康。
9. What can we learn about old people living alone in America？（　　）
A. Their health deserves more attention.
B. Their problems are quite uncommon.
C. They are responsible for social insecurity.
D. They account for 27％ of the US population.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，独居与许多不利
的健康结果有关，如心脏病、抑郁症和整体生理健康状况不佳。由
此可知，独居老人的健康状况应受到关注。
10. What contributes to lower risks of death among the old according to
the study？（　　）
A. The number of family members.
B. Neighbours’ health conditions.
C. A strong connection with nature.
D. An interrelationship with neighbours.
解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Enhancing
neighbourhood cohesion may be a promising way to reduce early
death for older adults who live alone.可知，与邻居的交往互动可以
降低独居老人的死亡风险。
11. What do the researchers plan to do next？（　　）
A. Widen the range of subjects.
B. Focus on seniors’ health.
C. Identify other potential factors.
D. Establish a better relationship.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，未来的研
究应该关注邻里关系中的其他因素，以及它们如何影响老年人的
健康。
12. Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. Get to Know Your Neighbours
B. Watch Your Overall Health
C. Choose a Safer Neighbourhood
D. Say No to Living Alone
解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可
知，本文主要介绍了与邻居建立联系对健康的影响，呼吁我们每
个人尽自己的一份力量对自己的邻居好一点。因此，A项（了解
你的邻居）适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
WHY A DOSE OF FEAR IS GOOD FOR YOU
　　Eleanor Roosevelt once said，“Do one thing every day that scares
you.” She was onto something.Science has shown that feeling fear — in
the right doses — has several benefits.
　　 Feeling fear is fun and exciting. Many people scare themselves on
purpose.13.（　　）
　　When you step outside your comfort zone， it is fear that makes you
feel alive， which is fun and exciting.The excitement generated can also
help reduce depression by increasing adrenaline （肾上腺素）， which in
turn increases excitement and glucose （changed into energy）.14.
（　　） A dose of fear is an “eraser” for the mind.
　　 15.（　　） Being afraid of something can alert （提醒） you to
an area of your life that is limiting you.For instance， if you’re afraid of
flying but face the fear and gather up the courage to step on an airplane，
you can travel the world.Adding to your experiences means that you’ll
create a varied life.You’ll also have fewer regrets.
　　 Fear gives you clarity on what’s really important in life. How
often have you said to yourself， “When I have more time， I’ll spend
it with my family， pursue my passion， eat healthier or exercise
more？” Fear makes you realize that “now” is the only time you have
to achieve and follow through what is most important.16.（　　）
The sweet spot of fear
　　Some say where fear meets courage is the sweet spot in which
mountains get scaled and rivers are run.17.（　　）
　　We should all embrace （欣然接受） our fear.Not the big fears that
are life-threatening but the helpful fears that come in small doses.
A. Fear helps you succeed.
B. “Later” is never guaranteed.
C. Fear allows you to live life to the fullest.
D. They watch scary movies， ride roller coasters or go skydiving.
E. And every time you come through a challenge， you feel empowered.
F. Most of all， fear can be the birthplace of change， creativity and
innovation.
G. Actually， it’s nearly impossible to be thinking of your worries when
you’re experiencing fear.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。适度恐惧是有好处的。
13. D　根据空前一句可知，许多人专门吓唬自己。故D项（他们看恐
怖电影，坐过山车或跳伞）符合语境，D项中的They指代前一句的
Many people。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。适度恐惧是有好处的。
14. G　根据设空处后一句可知，设空处和人的心理活动有关，故G项
（实际上，当你经历恐惧时，几乎不可能想到你的担忧）符合语境，
G项中的impossible to be thinking of your worries与后一句中的
“eraser” for the mind相呼应。
15. C　设空处所在段主要讲了如果人挑战内心的恐惧，做一些让自
己害怕的事情，会丰富自己的经历，从而让自己的人生少一些遗憾，
故C项（恐惧让你活得充实）符合语境。
16. B　根据设空处前一句可知，恐惧会让你意识到什么是重要的，
并顿悟抓住“现在”时刻的意义，故B项[“以后”永远无法保证（那
些重要的人和事能被关心和完成）]符合语境，B项中的Later和前一句
中的now相呼应。
17. F　最后两段总结全文。设空处与前一句在语义上构成递进关系。
有人说恐惧与勇气相遇的地方，是最美好的地方。故F项（最重要的
是，恐惧可能是变革、创造力和创新的发源地）符合语境。(共96张PPT)
单元质量检测（二）　Understanding each other
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the conversation mainly about？（　　）
A. A school. B. A farm. C. A storm.
2. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers？（　　）
A. Husband and wife.
B. Manager and clerk.
C. Friends.
3. Why does the woman call the man？（　　）
A. To book a room.
B. To order her meal.
C. To remind him of her dinner.
4. How much is the blue dress？（　　）
A. $200. B. $100. C. $50.
5. What does the woman promise to do？（　　）
A. Compensate the man for his loss.
B. Be careful next time.
C. Punish Bob.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly discussing？（　　）
A. Where to buy tickets.
B. Where to park the car.
C. Where to get a camera.
7. Where will the speakers meet？（　　）
A. At the market.
B. At the camera shop.
C. At the sports stadium.
8. How does the woman feel about climbing the rock？（　　）
A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Excited.
9. What will the woman do with Kate？（　　）
A. See films.
B. Have dinner.
C. Watch TV shows.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
10. Why doesn’t the man like to go to France？（　　）
A. Because he’s been there.
B. Because it is too noisy.
C. Because the time does not fit.
11. How much does the tour to Spain cost？（　　）
A. 345 pounds.
B. 385 pounds.
C. 470 pounds.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
12. Where will the man go for his holiday？（　　）
A. Sweden. B. Spain. C. Italy.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where will the man work？（　　）
A. At a computer company.
B. At a newspaper.
C. At an advertising company.
14. Why did the man choose that workplace？（　　）
A. Because it has less pressure.
B. Because it offers him good pay.
C. Because it is close to his home.
15. How is the woman’s job hunting？（　　）
A. Unsuccessful. B. Lucky. C. Easy.
16. What does the woman want to become？（　　）
A. A teacher.
B. A writer.
C. A reporter.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the speaker quarrel with her neighbour？（　　）
A. Because he came home late.
B. Because he was too noisy.
C. Because he stayed up late.
18. How did the neighbour react after the speaker went to his apartment？
（　　）
A. He changed for the worse.
B. He admitted his misbehaviour.
C. He apologised to her.
19. What did the speaker do after arguing with her neighbour？（　　）
A. She gave him a gift.
B. She had a talk with him.
C. She watched a movie with him.
20. What is the speaker’s suggestion to Teddy？（　　）
A. Turning to the police for help.
B. Being patient and trying to stand it.
C. Writing a friendly letter to the neighbour.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：I was scared by the storm last night， which sounded like it hit the
area near the hotel.
W：Me， too.It has been reported lightning hit the factory near the farm.
（Text 2）
W：Oh， the bell is ringing.Please open the door.I think it’s our friend
Mary to see us.I’m busy doing the washing.
M：OK， just a minute.I’m feeding little Tommy.
（Text 3）
M：Hello， room service.Can I help you？
W：I ordered dinner about forty minutes ago.It hasn’t been served yet.
M：We are sorry for the delay， ma’am.Could you hold the line，
please？ I’ll check your order.
（Text 4）
W：That dress is too expensive.
M：But it’s so pretty.
W：Yes， it is pretty， but it costs $200.What about the blue one？ It’s
almost the same， but it costs half as much.
（Text 5）
M：I’m sorry to have to say this， but your son Bob has broken my
window.
W：I’m really sorry， sir.This will never happen again.Don’t worry.I
will pay for the damage.
M：It’s OK. Just tell him to be more careful next time.
（Text 6）
W：Where shall we park our car？
M：I’ll park near the sports stadium.There are always spaces round there.
W：But I want to go to the camera shop so the sports stadium isn’t very
convenient for me.Is it possible to park along the street？
M：No way.We’ll get a ticket.I’ll drive to the camera shop and you
can get off.I’ll walk back to the camera shop after I’ve parked the car.
W：OK. I’ll see you there.Then we can go to the market together.
（Text 7）
M：Where would you like to go on holiday？
W：Well， I have no idea about that.
M：I would like an active holiday this year.Maybe I’ll visit Ayers Rock.
W：I’ve been quite tired of doing so much work.Climbing the rock will
use even more energy.
M：What would you like to do then？
W：Well， I just want to relax.I’m going to have dinner with my
parents and then watch my favourite TV show.
M：Do you think you can do that for a whole week？
W：Oh， my sister Kate told me there will be a movie festival.It is
showing many old and new movies this week.We’ve decided to go to the
movies together.
（Text 8）
W：OK. Now， let’s find a place to go for your holiday.Do you have
any preferences ... France ... Italy？
M：Oh， not France.Last year it was absolutely packed with visitors.It
was very noisy.We want somewhere quieter this year.
W：All right.Was it seven or ten nights you wanted？
M：Oh， ten， please.
W：Right.Well， let’s start with Italy.Um， we’ve got ten nights for
345 pounds， from Manchester， on the sixteenth.
M：No， that’s no good for me.We wouldn’t get back till the twenty-
sixth， and my wife’s got to be back at work before that.
W：Um ... how about Sweden？ That would be 470 pounds， from
Manchester again， on the eleventh.
M：Well， that seems too much.
W：All right.How about Spain？
M：Oh， that sounds great.We’ve never been there.
W：Let’s see now. We’ve got ten nights， from London， on the
thirteenth， for 385 pounds.
M：Oh， wait a minute.We’d prefer a flight from the north
somewhere， Manchester perhaps.Er ... OK， in this case， Sweden
then.
W：All right.
（Text 9）
W：John， we’re leaving college soon.Have you found a job？
M：Yes.I was interviewed by a computer company and an advertising
company.And both of them offered me a job.
W：So which one will you work for？
M：The first one.
W：Why？Is it a high-paid job？Or does it have less pressure？
M：Well， the computer company is close to my house.And I can go to
work easily.
W：Are your parents happy about that？
M：Yes.What about you？Have you found a job？
W：Not really.I tried to find work at three different newspapers， but
none of them replied.
M：Why do you want to work for a newspaper？
W：I want to write my own books.Working for a newspaper can make my
dream come true.
M：Don’t worry.I believe you will find work at a newspaper sooner or
later.
（Text 10）
Dear Teddy，
　　Having a noisy neighbour is a really common problem， especially
for people who live in an apartment.
　　Like you， I also had a noise problem with a neighbour.He’d watch
loud movies every night， sometimes until 3 in the morning.One night， I
decided I’d had enough of the noise， so I went to my neighbour’s
apartment and we argued.However， that only made him turn his TV up
even louder every night after that.
　　A week or so later， I saw my neighbour outside.Even though we’d
lived next to each other for a long time， the first time we’d spoken was
when we had our argument.
　　So， I chatted with him and got to know him better—I also made a
joke about how I liked his taste in movies.
　　That night， the noise problem stopped.It seemed that all I had to do
was get my neighbour to see me as a friend， not an enemy.
　　So， my advice to you is to be calm and patient with your neighbour.
　　One day， go over and ask if you can come in for a talk.If you
mention that their noise is affecting your studies， they should soon
change their mind.
　　At the same time， however， not everyone is comfortable with
facing people this way.If you’re one of those people， write a polite and
friendly letter instead， explaining your problem to your neighbour.
　　Many people we know can make us angry， but usually， the best
way to win someone over is through kindness.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
Best Online Tutoring （辅导） Jobs for College Students
CAMBLY
　　Cambly provides access to virtual English tutors.As a Cambly tutor，
you get paid to have conversations with students and to instruct from pre-
made Cambly lesson plans.And， one of the best parts about Cambly is
that the company doesn’t require any prior teaching experience.Plus，
Cambly doesn’t have minimum or maximum hours， making this a good
option if you only have a couple of hours a week to tutor.
　　Pay： Cambly pays tutors $10 per hour.
BOOKNOOK
　　BookNook specializes in tutoring kids in reading and math
skills.It’s currently available in 35 states and is growing quickly.Here
are BookNook’s virtual tutor requirements：
　　·Have 3＋ years of teaching or tutoring experience
　　·Have 1 year of teaching or tutoring experience and a minimum of a
bachelor’s degree （学士学位）
　　Pay：BookNook pays tutors $12 to $18 per hour， and your rate
depends on your experience and qualifications.

　　 is an online， international tutoring service that offers
tutoring services for over 40 subjects.To become a tutor， you
need to be a US resident who is pursuing a 4-year degree at a university or
college.
　　Pay：The average salary is $20 per hour.
STUDYPOOL
　　Studypool is an online tutoring platform that specializes in paid
homework help and study note guides.You can make money selling notes
on Studypool or as a personal tutor for different homework questions
students have.
　　Pay：The amount of money you make on Studypool is ultimately
based on how many notes you sell and how many questions you answer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合大学生兼职的
在线教育平台。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合大学生兼职的
在线教育平台。
21. What do we know about CAMBLY？（　　）
A. It has weekly fixed hours for tutors.
B. It is an online English teaching platform.
C. It requires teaching or tutoring experience.
D. It offers tutoring services for various subjects.
解析：　细节理解题。根据CAMBLY部分中的前两句可知，该
平台为用户提供在线英语教师服务，教师任务是与学生进行对话
或按预设的Cambly课程授课。由此可知，CAMBLY是在线英语教
学平台。
22. What is the highest hourly pay for a BOOKNOOK’s tutor？（　　）
A. $10. B. $12.
C. $18. D. $20.
解析：　细节理解题。根据BOOKNOOK部分中的BookNook
pays tutors $12 to $18 per hour， and your rate depends on your
experience and qualifications.可知，该平台根据教师经验和资质进
行薪水的划定，最高薪水为每小时18美元。
23. Where can tutors make money by posting study materials？（　　）
A. On CAMBLY. 　　 B. On BOOKNOOK.
C. On . 　　D. On STUDYPOOL.
解析：　细节理解题。根据STUDYPOOL部分中的You can
make money selling notes on Studypool可知，教师可在该平台售卖
学习笔记。
B
　　For any student， moving away from home can be daunting （使人
气馁的）.But I didn’t expect student life in Scotland to be all that
different from my home in the Netherlands.After all， we get the same
news and TV shows online.However， when I moved from Amsterdam to
study at the University of Stirling， I began to realise that a few small
things caught me off balance.I was suffering a minor culture shock.
　　In my freshman year， I quickly found out my English was not as
good as I’d assumed.Most of my flatmates were born and raised in
Scotland， and I constantly found myself having to ask them to repeat
themselves.Their Scottish accents didn’t help and I was mispronouncing
names and places all the time.
　　Then I had to adjust to a new social life.I was surprised by the
campus culture in the UK — in the Netherlands， most universities don’t
have one main campus where you can attend university， as well as live
and exercise all in the same place.Also， Dutch universities typically offer
fewer societies， so students take part in activities in the community or
town where they live.But here， you never have to leave campus if you
don’t want to.I had to get used to everyone being so close to each other
all the time.
　　But I’ve found lots of pleasant surprises in the UK too — and so
have many other international students I know.Eimear McCarthy，
studying sport psychology in Stirling， and originally from Ireland， said
she was taken aback by how smartly male students dress in Stirling
compared to her friends at home.However， on the downside， she found
that Scottish shops don’t sell her favourite Irish corn snack.“The UK
doesn’t have Meanies， which is just horrible，” she told
me.“Meanies are my life.”
　　Culture shock can knock your confidence in the beginning.But
you’re not alone in taking time to adapt， and soon you start to get used
to all the differences.Looking back， most of the shocks I experienced
made good stories to tell my friends.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者出国留学时经历的
文化冲击。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者出国留学时经历的
文化冲击。
24. Which of the following best explains “caught me off balance”
underlined in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Taught me a lesson. B. Made me different.
C. Surprised me. D. Frightened me.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者没想到苏
格兰的学生生活与荷兰的学生生活如此不同。且画线部分后一句
说明作者经历了轻微的文化冲击。由此可推知，在来到斯特灵大
学后，有一些小事让作者“感到惊讶”。
25. What did the author realise in her first year in the UK？（　　）
A. Asking questions repeatedly was an annoying habit.
B. It was easy for non-locals to pick up a Scottish accent.
C. The pronunciation taught by her roommates was wrong.
D. Her English language skills were below her expectations.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，大一的时候，
作者很快便发现自己的英语并不像自己想象的那么好。由此可
知，她的英语语言能力比自己预期的要差。
26. What does Paragraph 3 tell us about Dutch college students？（　　）
A. They don’t socialise very often on campus.
B. They prefer to live in the student apartments.
C. They like participating in activities organised by societies.
D. They don’t have to leave the main campus unless they want to.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的in the Netherlands ...or
town where they live可知，荷兰的多数大学都没有主校区，学生不
能在同一个地方上课、居住和运动，而且学生社团也较少，学生
只能在自己居住的社区或城镇参加活动。由此可推知，荷兰大学
生的校内社交活动并不频繁。
27. What was expressed in Eimear McCarthy’s words？（　　）
A. Fear. B. Disappointment.
C. Confusion. D. Envy.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Eimear
McCarthy说：“英国不卖Meanies，这一点真的太糟糕了。
Meanies对我太重要了。”由此可推知，Eimear McCarthy的话语
中充满了失望。
C
　　Exams are disturbing， especially for those already of an anxious
character.The silence of the hall； the watchful eye of the monitor； the
smug （自命不凡的） expression of the person who has finished 15
minutes early.It， therefore， seems hardly surprising that those who
worry about taking tests do worse than those who do not.Scientist Maria
Theobald theorised that if this were true， then those with high levels of
anxiety would perform worse in a real exam than in a mock exam （模拟
考试） or during online practice sessions.
　　So she worked with 309 students who were preparing for their final
exam.During the 100 days before the exam， all her volunteers used a
digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions
and logged their performance.They also sat a mock exam 40 days before
the real thing.To assess their levels of anxiety， they were asked， every
day for 40 days in the run-up to the real exam and also on the day of that
exam， to respond on a five-point scale （五分制） to statements like，
“I feel nervous.”
　　What Dr Theobald found was not what she expected.Anxiety on the
day of the test did not predict exam performance at all.What did predict it
was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the
earlier digital-learning activities.Those who performed well in these also
did well in the real thing， regardless of how anxious they were on the
day.What actually restricted students was anxiety during the weeks before
the exam took place.The greater a student’s anxiety in those days， the
lower his or her knowledge gain was， leaving that student with less
material to reproduce during the exam.
　　Dr Theobald notes that test anxiety is at its worst when students have
low expectations of success and meanwhile know that passing the exam is
extremely important.To reduce this anxiety， she proposes a twofold
strategy for students as they revise.First， they can raise their belief in
their abilities by reminding themselves of how much they know.Second，
they can reduce the significance of the test by reminding themselves that，
while it is important， it is not a life-or-death situation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明考场上带来的压力不会影
响学生的考试成绩，反而是考试准备阶段的紧张心理会影响考试。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明考场上带来的压力不会影
响学生的考试成绩，反而是考试准备阶段的紧张心理会影响考试结果。
28. Why did Dr Theobald conduct the research？（　　）
A. To prove general ideas about anxiety wrong.
B. To find ways to reduce students’ exam anxiety.
C. To find out what really contributes to students’ anxiety.
D. To see if pressure in the exam hall influences exam results.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Scientist Maria Theobald
theorised that if this were true ...可知，Maria Theobald做研究是为
了了解考试当天焦虑是否会影响考试成绩。
29. What did participants do during Dr Theobald’s research？（　　）
A. They took part in 40 mock exams.
B. They reported their learning activities.
C. They had their psychological state assessed.
D. They used a learning tool to reduce their anxiety.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，参与研究的
学生们需要接受心理状态方面的评估。
30. What did Dr Theobald’s research find？（　　）
A. Pressure drives students to study hard.
B. Students feel more pressure during real exams.
C. Anxiety on the exam day makes students perform poorly.
D. Students’ performance in mock exams can predict real exam results.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，通过学生
在模拟考试中的表现可以预测他们在正式考试中的表现。
31. What is a way to reduce pre-test anxiety according to Dr Theobald？
（　　）
A. Being more confident in themselves.
B. Having lower expectations of themselves.
C. Treating exams as something unimportant.
D. Taking more mock exams before the real one.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的First， they can
raise their belief in their abilities by reminding themselves of
how much they know.可知，Dr Theobald认为对自己有信心可
以减轻考前焦虑。
D
　　With energy prices on the rise， people up and down the country are
looking for ways to keep their usage as low as possible， and in many
cases changing how they carry out everyday tasks.This of course includes
washing up， with a number of us keen to cut back on how much hot
water we use.
　　With this in mind， economical shoppers have applauded a new
washing-up liquid formula （配方） released by Fairy， which allows
you to wash your dirty dishes in cold water.The label reads，
“New.Brilliant in cold.Save energy”， and some believe it could save
them ￡100 a year in heating bills.
　　Shoppers can buy the new version of Fairy’s cold water washing-up
liquid in Wilko stores， with prices starting at ￡2.50.Some shoppers
weren’t too sure about washing their plates in cold water， which they
feared wouldn’t be too comfortable， while others felt saddened that
such measures were needed in the first place.A number of customers
however were keen to give it a try.
　　“I have two young babies， so I often forget to wash up leaving the
water to go cold，” commented Jane Evans， a 35-year-old housewife.
　　Fairy isn’t only making changes in the formula， it has also had the
biggest design change in its 62-year history with the bottle turned “upside
down” for the first time.The launch of the new upside-down bottle comes
as research reveals the average Briton spends a total of 60 hours a year
washing up 7，300 items.The efficiently redesigned bottle means it’s
much easier to get the last drop of washing-up liquid out of the bottle，
while its anti-leak technology means messy caps are a thing of the past.
　　“By combining a highly effective new formula with useful
packaging improvements， we want to make life easier for consumers by
creating superior and innovative products，” a Fairy spokesperson said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着能源价格的上涨，人们都在寻
找尽可能降低能源使用量的方法，于是一家公司推出了新的洗洁精
配方。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着能源价格的上涨，人们都在寻
找尽可能降低能源使用量的方法，于是一家公司推出了新的洗洁精
配方。
32. What attracts customers concerning Fairy’s new washing-up liquid？
（　　）
A. It helps save money.
B. Its formula is eco-friendly.
C. It smells good.
D. It is highly effective for dirty dishes.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的some believe it could save
them ￡100 a year in heating bills可知，新的洗洁精配方受欢迎的
原因是有助于省钱。
33. What is Jane Evans’ attitude to Fairy’s new product？（　　）
A. Critical. B. Uninterested.
C. Mixed. D. Approving.
解析：　观点态度题。Jane Evans在第四段中提到I often forget to
wash up leaving the water to go cold，再结合第二段中的which
allows you to wash your dirty dishes in cold water可知，这种洗洁精
配方可以在冷水中使用，因此Jane Evans应该很赞成。
34. Why did Fairy redesign the bottle？（　　）
A. To make it stand out among many similar products.
B. To help make full use of the washing-up liquid.
C. To cut down on the cost of its material.
D. To keep it tidy with a smaller cap.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Fairy重
新包装瓶子是为了方便人们最大限度地使用瓶内残余的洗洁精。
35. What is the main idea of the text？（　　）
A. A new product keeps a kitchen clean.
B. Fairy undergoes significant changes.
C. People find ways to deal with high energy prices.
D. Fairy’s new product is available in stores.
解析：　主旨大意题。文章前四段主要讲述Fairy推出了新的洗
洁精配方，最后两段介绍其在瓶子设计上的改变。由此可知，文
章主要介绍了Fairy进行的两项重要改变。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Communication runs the world.It is one of the most basic and
important life skills to learn.Problems with communication can have a
huge impact on your life.36.（　　） Here are some tips that will help
you to get your message across effortlessly.
　　37. （　　）
　　Give a thought to what you are going to say.Begin with a clear goal
of communication and precise thinking.If you know exactly what ideas
you are trying to communicate before speaking， the receiver will have a
good grasp of what you want them to understand.
　　Take care of your body language.
　　Your expressions， gestures， and tones are powerful
tools.Whenever you are speaking， make sure you are communicating
with the appropriate body language.For example， saying
“Congratulations！” to someone with a sad face will make you seem
like you are not truly happy.38.（　　）
　　Be an active listener.
　　39. （　　） Even though you and the other person may have a
different perception （看法） of the subject， listening to the person
overcomes barriers.By listening， you will make the other person feel that
their perception is equally as important as yours.
　　Make your message judgement-free.
　　When you are speaking， do not speak rudely or impolitely about
someone’s culture， religion （宗教） or beliefs.40.（　　） As a
result， they will lose interest in the conversation.Respecting other
people’s perspectives plays a huge role in overcoming barriers to
effective communication.If you want to say something about a culture，
religion， or belief， make sure you say it politely.
A. It may affect your listeners emotionally.
B. Ensure the time of your communication is good.
C. Wait until they are finished with what they are saying.
D. Make your ideas clear to yourself before communicating them.
E. Therefore， overcoming barriers to effective communication is highly
important.
F. When you use the wrong body language， your message can be easily
misinterpreted.
G. For effective communication， you must always listen to the other
person attentively.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了克服沟通障碍的几点建
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了克服沟通障碍的几点建议。
36. E　上文说明了沟通是最重要的生活技能之一，沟通出现问题会
给生活带来巨大的影响。下文介绍了一些能帮你有效传达信息的建
议。E项（因此，克服阻碍有效沟通的因素是非常重要的）符合语
境，与上文构成因果关系。
37. D　通读设空处下面一段可知，你应该考虑一下自己将要说的
话，带着明确的沟通目标和准确的想法开始对话。如果你在对话之前
便已确切地知道你要传达什么想法，那么对方便能很好地理解你。因
此，D项（在沟通前先把你自己的想法整理清楚）概括了本段主旨，
适合作小标题。
38. F　上文提出：请确保你在沟通时使用了恰当的肢体语言，并进行
了举例说明。F项（当你使用错误的肢体语言时，你的信息很容易被
误解）符合语境，F项中的body language与小标题中的body language和
上文中的body language构成原词复现。
39. G　设空处所在段落给出的建议是积极聆听。G项（为了实现有效
沟通，你必须一直用心倾听对方的话）符合语境，G项中的listen to
the other person attentively与小标题Be an active listener.相呼应。
40. A　设空处前一句说明了不要粗鲁地谈论他人的文化、宗教或信
仰。设空处后一句指出他们会因此对谈话失去兴趣，且根据As a result
可知，设空处和后一句构成因果关系，故A项（它可能会影响你的聆
听者的情绪）符合语境，A项中的It指代设空处前一句提及的情况，
设空处后一句中的they指代A项中的your listeners。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
　　I was a new chief nurse leader in a busy hospital.The cadre （骨干队
伍） of nurses I was 　41　 with could， on the one hand， be as kind as
any I had ever encountered.On the other hand， they could be 　42　 as
nails because they had seen it all.
　　One day， the take-no-prisoners head nurse of the surgical intensive
care unit， Mary， came storming into my office and started to voice
her 　43　 Dr H. ， who had a reputation for being very 　44　 to deal
with.Mary reported that the day before， he had examined a patient’s
open surgical wound with his bare hands.When she pointed out
his 　45　， he said that she should not interfere with（干涉） his
judgment.
　　Calming her down， I agreed that his behavior was 　46　 and
suggested that we meet with him together.She 　47　.When asked why
he had not taken the usual precautions （防范措施）， Dr H. declared
that this was a better way of getting to feel the wound.He further 　48　
his actions by insisting that this technique was described in the literature.
　　“Could he 　49　 that to us？” I asked.He said he would and left
the meeting 　50　.Of course we 　51　 saw any such article.
　　We reported the 　　52　　 to the medical director， and Dr H.
was 　53　 to use gloves on all patients later.After that， Dr H. learnt
that the nursing organization was prepared to 　54　 if and when his
behavior was potentially 　55　 to patients.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。医生检查病人的伤口时不戴手套，
护士们对其不当行为进行了纠正。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。医生检查病人的伤口时不戴手套，
护士们对其不当行为进行了纠正。
41. A. living B. playing
C. working D. learning
解析：　根据上文的I was a new chief nurse leader in a busy
hospital.可知，作者是和一群骨干护士一起工作。
42. A. amazing B. tough
C. boring D. friendly
解析：　根据下文对Mary对医生不戴手套检查病人的伤口提出
异议的描述可知，这些骨干护士既善良又铁石心肠。tough as nails
铁石心肠，不为所动。
43. A. fear of B. anger with
C. curiosity about D. sorrow for
解析：　根据上文的Mary， came storming into my office和下文
的Calming her down可知，Mary对Dr H. 不戴手套检查病人伤口一
事非常生气。
44. A. difficult B. important
C. practical D. strange
解析：　根据下文的he said that she should not interfere with （干
涉） his judgment可知，Dr H. 很难相处。
45. A. mistake B. confusion
C. intention D. failure
解析：当Mary指出Dr H. 不戴手套的错误时，他让她不要干涉。
46. A. influential B. unnecessary
C. impressive D. unacceptable
解析：　根据下文作者和Mary对Dr H. 的行为进行当面质疑的
描述可知，他的行为是不能被接受的。
47. A. agreed B. hesitated
C. admitted D. complained
解析：　根据下文When asked why he had not taken the usual
precautions （防范措施）， Dr H. declared ...可知，Mary赞成作
者的提议。
48. A. repeated B. stressed
C. reflected D. defended
解析：　根据下文insisting that this technique was described in the
literature 可知，Dr H. 进一步为自己的行为辩护，他说那种操作
方式是有文献依据的。
49. A. show B. test
C. explain D. complete
解析：　此处指作者让Dr H. 把文献展示一下。
50. A. on purpose B. as usual
C. by all means D. in a rush
解析：　作者让Dr H. 给他们展示那个参考文献，他答应后就匆
匆离开了，当然，他们从来没有见过那个所谓的参考文献。
51. A. never B. seldom
C. still D. always
解析：　参见上题解析。
52. A. discovery B. incident
C. adventure D. experiment
解析：　根据下文的After that， Dr H. learnt that ...可知，作者
他们把那个医疗事件汇报给了上级，Dr H. 被要求以后检查病人
时戴手套。
53. A. allowed B. advised
C. instructed D. encouraged
解析：　参见上题解析。
54. A. give up B. line up
C. take care D. take action
解析：　从那以后，Dr H. 明白了，一旦他的行为会对病人造成
伤害，护士们就会采取行动制止他。
55. A. cruel B. blind
C. harmful D. painful
解析：　参见上题解析。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
　　When the Binhai Library opened in the Chinese coastal city of Tianjin
in October 2017， it 56. 　　　　　 （attract） a flood of visitors
straight away.And no wonder， considering it is 57. 　　　　　
（absolute） striking.
　　58. 　　　　　　 first sight， it seems that the bright white open
hall 59. 　　　　　　 （cover） with row upon row of colourful books
piled on a continuous wave of curving， terraced shelves （弯曲的阶梯式
书架）.That is not altogether true， however.The majority of the
“books” in the room are in fact printed images of books that are papered
onto the back of the shelving 60. 　　　　　　 （give） the appearance
of rows of books.
　　61. 　　　　　　 building， designed by the Dutch architectural
firm MVRDV， is an impressive 363，000 square feet and five stories
high， with the capacity to fit over a million books in its
62. 　　　　　　 （collect）.As of yet， it stores about 200，000
books， housed in the library’s more traditional reading rooms.
　　The curving shelves in the main room are actually meant to be used as
seating and 63. 　　　　　　 （step） for visitors， giving the feeling
that you are lost in a sea of words.They surround a huge， shining white
spherical auditorium （球形礼堂） 64. 　　　　　 stands at the center of
the room.When 65. 　　　　　　 （see） from the park outside the
library， the unique space looks like a giant eye， and has already been
named “The Eye of Binhai”.
　　The library is part of an urban cultural center developed by the city of
Tianjin.Nearby are the Tianjin Grand Theater， Art Gallery， Natural
History Museum， and Science and Technology Museum.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天津滨海图书馆。
56. attracted　考查动词的时态。根据设空处前的时间状语从句可知，
attract的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且it（指代the Binhai
Library）和attract之间是主动关系，故填attracted。
57. absolutely　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰形容词striking，
意为“极其”，故填absolutely。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天津滨海图书馆。
58. At　考查介词。at first sight乍一看，初看时。
59. is covered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，
the bright white open hall与cover之间是被动关系，且此处描述一般性
事实，故填is covered。
60. to give　考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，表目的，故填to give。
61. The　考查冠词。根据语境可知，设空处所在部分特指上文中提到
的滨海图书馆，故填定冠词The。
62. collection　考查词形转换。根据语境和设空处前的its可知，设空
处应用名词，意为“收藏品”，故填collection。
63. steps　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，step在此处作名词，意为
“台阶，梯级”，为可数名词，且设空处前无冠词修饰，应用其复数
形式，故填steps。
64. that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰
spherical auditorium，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
65. seen　考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分作状语，且the unique
space与see之间是被动关系，故填seen。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　假定你是李华，想邀请新来的交换生George加入你的兴趣小组，
共同设计一份调查问卷（questionnaire），以了解全校学生的早餐习
惯。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
　　1. 邀请他的原因；
　　2. 希望他能接受邀请。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear George，
Best regards，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear George，
　　I am writing to invite you to join our interest group in designing a
questionnaire to understand the breakfast habits of our school students.
　　I’ve learned that you have rich experience in questionnaire design，
which makes you an ideal person for our project.Your contributions would
help us create a well-designed survey.Moreover， taking part in this
project will not only allow you to share your knowledge but help you
quickly adapt to your new life as an exchange student.
　　I sincerely hope you will accept my invitation and join us.Looking
forward to your positive response！
Best regards，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　My father is a mechanic on a battleship.I’m trapped in my Aunt
Lucia’s bakery downtown.Mom works double shifts at the clothing
factory.She makes uniforms， mostly sewing pockets on jackets.I asked
her once if she put things into the pockets for our soldiers to find， like
poems.She said soldiers wore jackets with pockets to hold tools they might
need for war and survival， not silly things like poetry.It seems no one
appreciates my creative contributions to the war effort， but Aunt Lucia
says my help to her is important， since both her workers joined the army.
　　Every day， Aunt Lucia and I get up before dawn to make the dough
（生面团）.Next， we bake bread and cakes.Then， while I help
customers， Lucia makes cupcakes and cookies for sale in the
afternoon.Whenever the phone rings， she races from the back room to
answer the call.She’s always worried that it might be bad news， so she
wants to be the first to hear it.After dinner， Aunt Lucia invites
neighbours over to listen to the radio.I always listen closely for any news
about the war.
　　I remember how intently my parents read reports about the war，
which I rarely understood.They often whispered to one another， and I’d
shout out something like， “Speak up！ I can’t hear you！” They’d
frown （皱眉） and leave me alone to talk in private.
　　One night， they came into the living room and turned off the
radio.At first I was angry， but they had serious expressions on their
faces.“The military will be looking for new recruits （新兵）.I know
something about boats and ship engines， so I intend to join the army，”
Dad said.
　　My face grew hot， but my hands felt cold.“You can’t just
leave，” I shouted and stormed off to my bedroom.Looking back on that
now， I feel ashamed of how selfishly I had acted.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
This morning， Aunt Lucia could tell I was feeling down and she
asked me to help her decorate cupcakes. 　
Dad was excited that he could do something for our army on the
day he left. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　This morning， Aunt Lucia could tell I was feeling down and she
asked me to help her decorate cupcakes.At first I was not interested.Then
I realized that I could make red stripes out of strawberries and blue stripes
from blueberries.Soon I had a dozen cupcakes decorated beautifully to
show Aunt Lucia.She was also impressed by my work.For the first time in
weeks， I felt like I’d done something right.I thought of all the money
we might make at the sale， and how it might buy supplies for my father.
　　Dad was excited that he could do something for our army on the day
he left.He told me to be brave because I was a soldier’s daughter.I
nodded and secretly put a little poem into his coat pocket.“Here’s a
little rhyme to pass the day，” it said.“I love e back soon！”
I wish I could send some cupcakes to my dad.Instead of real cupcakes，
I’ll draw a picture in which cupcakes are piled high and send it to Dad
with a letter.That way， Dad will have plenty to share with many other
soldiers.(共66张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇介绍“汉语热”现象的文章
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验 · 提素能
3
课时检测·提能力
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
　　本单元的写作任务是让学生写一篇介绍“汉语热”现象的文章。
写作文体属于社会现象类说明文。社会现象类说明文指的是针对某种
社会现象进行说明的文体，强调时效性、针对性、准确性、说理性和
思想性。文章开头首先提出一种现象，然后分析这种现象产生的社会
原因，最后得出结论，说明这一社会现象的影响和发展趋势，或者表
达自己的观点。具体写作结构如下：
一、写作常用词汇
1. popularity n. 普及，流行
2. estimate v. 估计
3. account for sth是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占
4. enthusiasm n. 热忱，热情
5. economy n. 经济
6. provide access to ... 提供到达……的途径
7. show interest in 对……感兴趣
8. broaden one’s mind 开阔眼界
9. take Chinese courses 参加汉语课程
10. read Chinese newspapers and magazines 读汉语报纸和杂志
11. become more and more popular 变得越来越受欢迎
12. speak Chinese fluently/speak fluent Chinese 流利地说汉语
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1. In recent years， learning Chinese has become popular among people
around the world， with the rapid development of China’s
economy.
近年来，随着中国经济的快速发展，学习汉语在世界各地的人们中
变得流行起来。
2. Several factors account for the enthusiasm for it.
有几个因素可以解释人们对它热情的原因。
3. Over 4，000 overseas universities offer Chinese language courses and
it’s estimated that about 25 million people are learning Chinese
outside China.
4000多所海外大学开设汉语课程，据估计，约有2500万人在中国境
外学习汉语。
4. As China plays a greater role in global affairs， an increasing
number of international students are beginning to know and appreciate
China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学
生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
5. The Belt and Road Initiative strengthens ties between countries along
the Silk Road， creating thousands of local jobs，which motivates
more foreigners to study Chinese.
“一带一路”倡议加强了丝绸之路沿线国家之间的联系，创造了成
千上万的当地就业机会，这激励了更多的外国人学习汉语。
6. With the continuous development of China， the popularity of
Chinese learning will keep booming.
随着中国的不断发展，汉语学习的流行将会保持蓬勃发展。
7. It is a natural phenomenon for people to learn another language with
the aim of deepening international understanding.
人们为了加深国际理解而学习另一种语言是很自然的现象。
典例体验 · 提素能
点拨写作技法
2
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom注意到全球兴起了“汉语学
习热（Chinese learning craze）”，写信向你询问，请你按照以下
要点给他回复一封邮件。
　　1. “汉语学习热”的现象；
　　2. “汉语学习热”的原因。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1. 促成，造成
2. 中国经济
3. 投资
4. 与……做生意
5. 交流
6. 悠久而丰富的文化
7. 激励某人做某事
8. 持续繁荣
contribute to　
Chinese economy　
invest　
do business with　
communicate　
long and rich culture　
inspire sb to do sth　
keep booming　
◎遣词造句
1. 的确，越来越多的外国人在学习汉语。

2. 造成“汉语学习热”的主要原因有两个。


It is true that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese.
There are two main reasons which can contribute to Chinese learning
craze.
3. 首先，随着中国经济的发展，越来越多的外国人愿意在中国投资、
与中国人做生意和周游中国。



4. 所有这些通过汉语交流能做得更好。

Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and more
foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with Chinese
people and travel around China.
Of all these can be done better by communicating in Chinese.
5. 悠久而丰富的中国文化激励着外国人更多地了解中国。


6. 可以预见，随着中国的不断发展，“汉语学习热”将持续繁荣。


The long and rich Chinese culture inspires foreigners to learn more
about China.
It can be predicated that with the continuous development of China，
the Chinese learning craze will keep booming.
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1. 用动词-ing短语作定语改写句2

There are three main reasons contributing to Chinese learning craze.
2. 用非限制性定语从句合并句3和句4




Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and more
foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with Chinese
people and travel around China， all of which can be done better by
communicating in Chinese.
　　


　　 　It is true that more and more foreigners are learning
Chinese.There are two main reasons contributing to Chinese learning
craze.　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
Dear Tom，
　　

Yours，
Li Hua
　　 　It can be predicated that with the continuous development of
China， the Chinese learning craze will keep booming.　
　　





　　 　Firstly， with the development of Chinese economy， more and
more foreigners would like to invest in China， do business with
Chinese people and travel around China， all of which can be done
better by communicating in Chinese.The long and rich Chinese culture
inspires foreigners to learn more about China.That is another reason for
Chinese learning craze.　
【即时演练】　
　　假定你是李华，学校将举办以“汉字之美”为主题的文化活动，
请你邀请正在学习汉语的外国朋友Henry参加此次活动，帮助他学习
汉字，了解中国文化。请你给Henry写一封邀请信，内容包括：
　　1. 活动时间、地点；
　　2. 活动内容，如观看汉字发展史电影、写古诗等；
　　3. 参加活动的好处及学习汉语的重要性。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Henry，
Yours，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
　　Our school will hold a cultural activity themed “The Beauty of
Chinese Characters” in the stadium on Tuesday. I’m glad to invite you
to attend it.
　　There are a lot of events in the activity， including watching movies
about the development history of Chinese characters and writing ancient
poems and so on. Participating in this activity will make you more
interested in the Chinese language.As is known to all， the Chinese
language is playing a very important role in the world. Learning it well
will help us to have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
　　Hope you can be present at this activity on time！
Yours，
Li Hua
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Most Popular Apps for Teens
Instagram
Instagram has become a popular way to get followers and get to feel like a celebrity.Instagram lets users post photos and videos for their users to check them out and be updated about what is going on in their lives.Teens with enough followers are getting deals from brands to promote products and earn money.
WhatsApp
WhatsApp has literally replaced text messages.In fact， messaging has become synonymous with WhatsApp.WhatsApp allows you to send and receive messages by using the Internet connection of your phone.It allows sending images， GIFs， videos， voice clips and documents.Users can upload the status that stays for contacts to watch for 24 hours.
Snapchat
Snapchat is a visual social media platform with over 300 million monthly active users.Snapchat lets users share snaps which could be photos or videos.The video duration can be 60 seconds and Snapchat deletes snap as soon as the target user checks the snap out.This temporary nature of the app was originally designed to encourage a more natural flow of interaction.There is also the feature of uploading stories.You can even add 3D special effects for a better look.
YouTube needs no introduction and it is undoubtedly one of the popular apps for teens.It is a popular video-sharing service where people can upload and watch videos.Even parents encourage kids to use YouTube to find educational videos.Users can search for any topic and find a relevant video.That is why YouTube has become the new search engine among teens.
YouTube
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款受青少年欢迎
的应用程序。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款受青少年欢迎
的应用程序。
1. What’s special about Instagram’s users？（　　）
A. They can sell products.
B. They can become celebrities.
C. They can send messages for free.
D. They can post photos and videos.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Instagram的介绍可知，这款应用程
序的特别之处在于其用户在达到足够的关注者数量后，可以通过推
广产品获得一些收入。
2. What encourages a more natural flow of interaction on Snapchat？
（　　）
A. Uploading the status.
B. Uploading the stories.
C. Allowing the snaps to last a short time.
D. Adding 3D special effects for photos.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Snapchat的介绍可知，在该应用程序
上，用户发布的照片或视频在他人看完后会很快被删除，这样设计
的初衷是鼓励更自然的互动。
3. Which would be the best choice for us to search for a certain video？
（　　）
A. Instagram. B. WhatsApp.
C. Snapchat. D. YouTube.
解析：　细节理解题。根据YouTube的介绍可知，这款应用程序
已经被青少年普遍作为搜索引擎来使用。
B
　　（2024·江苏盐城高二期中）In 1547， the king of Spain sent a
coded （编码的） letter to his ambassador in France.Now， after nearly
500 years， researchers have finally cracked （破解） the code and can
read the letter.It turns out that the king was worried someone might be
trying to kill him.
　 Charles Ⅴ was the king of Spain from 1516 to 1556.But his power went
far beyond Spain.As the “Holy Roman Emperor”， Charles Ⅴ
controlled lands across Europe.In spite of his great power， he had to
manage many threats.
　　Three years before the letter was written， Charles Ⅴ had made a
peace deal with King Francis Ⅰ of France.But there was still a lot of
information he didn’t want to share with the king of France.
　　At the time， the only way to communicate across long distances was
to send letters.But letters weren’t secure.So Charles Ⅴ used a
complicated code to send information that needed to be kept secret.
　　Cecile Pierrot is a cryptographer — an expert in codes.She and a
team of other cryptographers set out to figure out what the letter said.The
code was harder to crack than Ms Pierrot had expected.But as the
researchers studied the three-page letter， they began to notice some
patterns.
　　Some symbols stood for just one letter.Others stood for several letters
combined.And a few of the symbols stood for whole words.To make
things more difficult， some symbols meant nothing at all and were only
included to make the code harder to crack.
　　After three years of efforts， the experts finally cracked the code.The
team says the decoded letter tells them a lot about tensions in Europe at the
time.The discovery opens a door to even more history.There are hundreds
of similar letters all over Europe.Now that the code is broken， historians
will have a much easier time learning what Charles Ⅴ was thinking about
during his time as a leader.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。1547年，西班牙国王给他驻法国的
大使发了一封密信。如今，经过近500年的时间，研究人员终于破解
了密码，并读懂了这封信。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。1547年，西班牙国王给他驻法国的
大使发了一封密信。如今，经过近500年的时间，研究人员终于破解
了密码，并读懂了这封信。
4. Whom did Charles Ⅴ send the letter to？（　　）
A. An ambassador. B. Roman Emperor.
C. King Francis Ⅰ. D. Cecile Pierrot.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的In 1547， the king of Spain
sent a coded （编码的） letter to his ambassador in France.可知，查
理五世把信寄给他的大使。
5. Why did Charles Ⅴ send a coded letter？（　　）
A. He liked playing with codes.
B. It was his writing style.
C. It was a rule at the time.
D. The letter involved secrets.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的So Charles Ⅴ used a
complicated code to send information that needed to be kept secret.可
知，查理五世要寄一封加密的信是因为这封信涉及秘密。
6. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about？（　　）
A. The process of the work.
B. The patterns of the code.
C. The importance of the letter.
D. The information about the experts.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第六段内容可知，本段描述了这封信
中编码的模式。
7. What does the last paragraph indicate？（　　）
A. The code will become more popular.
B. It will be easier for people to create codes.
C. There will be more discoveries in the future.
D. People will get more information about all leaders.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The discovery opens a
door to even more history.可推断，未来还会有更多的发现。
C
　　Forget calling the front desk.If you’re a guest at an Affinia hotel，
the staff will try to find out what you need just by looking at you.
　　The Affinia Hotel Collection is improving service in its five hotels in
New York City and one each in Chicago and Washington D. C. Everyone
from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on
body language.
　　A body language expert trained employees on what cues （信号） to
look for.A guest who makes eye contact while walking down the hall，
for example， may be open to conversation.A businessman frequently
touching an ear is probably nervous and may be interested in a therapeutic
pillow （理疗枕头）.
　　“So many companies， when they talk about service， they
program it to how many rings till you answer the phone，” says John
Moser， marketing officer for Affinia.“That doesn’t sound very
reasonable.Let’s give employees some tools they can use to find out
what’s the right way to talk with somebody at a particular time.”
　　Patti Wood， a body language expert who carried out the Affinia
training， says she has never seen such training given to all hotel
employees.“All of the training is to make sure every single guest is
treated as special，” she says.
　　Staff questions about a guest’s day won’t disappear， Moser
says.But， he says， small talk isn’t always enough to get a reading of a
guest’s needs.“You can’t always tell from the first sentence whether
someone is happy or unhappy，” he says.“Measuring some of the
things they’re showing with the way they’re talking to you， can help
our employees provide service that’s more personal for them.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了提供更好的服
务，Affinia连锁酒店培训员工识别客人的肢体语言。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了提供更好的服
务，Affinia连锁酒店培训员工识别客人的肢体语言。
8. What are Affinia hotels doing？（　　）
A. Understanding their employees better.
B. Setting up new hotels in different cities.
C. Training employees to understand guests’ needs better.
D. Improving their employees’ body language.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段内容可
知，Affinia连锁酒店正在培训其员工识别客人的肢体语言，以便更
好地了解其需求。
9. What should a hotel employee do if a guest looks into his or her eye？
（　　）
A. Offer a pillow.
B. Make a small talk.
C. Avoid speaking to the guest.
D. Be open to the guest’s suggestions.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的A guest who makes eye
contact while walking down the hall， for example， may be open to
conversation.可推知，如果客人与酒店员工对视，酒店员工应该和
客人做简单的闲聊。
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　　）
A. The company. B. The phone.
C. The service. D. The hotel.
解析：　代词指代题。根据画线单词所在句中的when they talk
about service可知，这里指很多公司将服务设定为电话响铃几次员
工才接起来。由此可猜测，it指代的是“服务”。
11. What does Patti Wood think of Affinia’s training？（　　）
A. It is completely new.
B. It makes employees feel special.
C. It will take the place of staff questions.
D. It is following some other companies’ examples.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可推知，帕蒂·伍德
认为Affinia的训练是一种全新的尝试。
D
　　Those who don’t live in cities often complain about or feel surprised
at the fact that strangers don’t talk to each other in urban public
places.They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in
mobile devices， seemingly oblivious to what’s going on around us.But
sociologists recognize that the space we give each other in the urban places
serves an important social function.
　　Well-known sociologist Erving Goffman developed the concept of
“civil inattention” in his book Behavior in Public Places.Far from
ignoring those around us， Goffman proved that what we’re actually
doing is pretending to be unaware of what others are doing around us，
therefore providing them a sense of privacy， as they do the same for
us.Goffman proved in his research that civil inattention typically involves
at first a mirror form of social interaction， like very brief eye contact，
the exchange of head nods， or weak smiles.Following that， both parties
then typically move their eyes from the other party.
　　Goffman theorized that what we achieve， socially speaking， with
this kind of interaction， is mutual （相互的） recognition that the other
present causes no threat to our security， and we both agree， tacitly （默
契地）， to let the other alone to do as they please.When we provide civil
inattention to others， we effectively approve their behavior.Sometimes，
we use civil inattention to save face when we’ve done something we feel
embarrassed by， or to help manage the embarrassment that another might
feel if we witness them trip， or drop something.
　　Civil inattention is thus not a problem， but an important part of
maintaining social order in public.We expect it from others and see it as
normal behavior.We may feel threatened by someone who doesn’t give it
to us.This is why women feel threatened by those who catcall （发嘘声）
to them， and why for some men， simply being stared at by another is
enough to cause a physical fight.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。城市中陌生人不愿意在公众场合进
行过多交谈，社会学家Erving Goffman提出了“礼貌性疏忽”这一概
念，认为这在社交互动生活中有着积极的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。城市中陌生人不愿意在公众场合进
行过多交谈，社会学家Erving Goffman提出了“礼貌性疏忽”这一概
念，认为这在社交互动生活中有着积极的影响。
12. How does the author begin this text？（　　）
A. By giving people a warning.
B. By describing a way of socializing.
C. By comparing some people’s feelings.
D. By giving a problem with technology.
解析：　推理判断题。文章第一段前两句描述了一种社交方
式：陌生人在城市公共场所不说话。“我们”貌似越来越沉迷于
移动设备。然后末句阐述了社会学家对此的看法。由此推断，第
一段通过描述一种社交方式来开始叙述。
13. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in Paragraph 1 most
probably mean？（　　）
A. Tired of. B. Unsure about.
C. Unaware of. D. Curious about.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文They feel sorry about the
way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices可知，“我们”貌似越来越沉迷于移动设备，对于身边发生的事情是不关注的。oblivious to与unaware of为近义词，表示“对……是无意识的”。
14. What do we actually mean when we look away from a stranger，
according to Goffman？（　　）
A. We are ignoring him on a rude basis.
B. We are showing our respect for others’ privacy.
C. We are worrying that we could lose belongings.
D. We are protecting ourselves from physical attacks.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，当我们把目光
从陌生人身上移开时，我们实际上是在表达对他人隐私的尊重。
15. What can be learned from the text about civil inattention？（　　）
A. Civil inattention has positive effects on social interaction.
B. Civil inattention helps save face when we’ve done wrong to others.
C. Civil inattention isn’t linked to social interaction according to
Goffman.
D. Civil inattention is a type of normal behavior which we may feel
threatened.
解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段及最后一段第一句可
知，礼貌性疏忽的结果是我们都心照不宣地同意让对方去做他们
喜欢做的事，它是维护公共社会秩序的重要组成部分。因此，礼
貌性疏忽对社会互动有积极影响。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Dealing With Righteous Anger
　　There are two types of anger you might experience in life and both are
perfectly valid.16.（　　）. It’s not logical at all and it’s perhaps
even a little out of control.When you accidentally hit your toe against
something hard on the way to the bathroom in the morning and it hurts，
that’s sudden anger.That type of anger will disappear after a few minutes
and you’ll go back to your normal mood.
　　The second is what I’ll call righteous anger.You haven’t hurt your
toe but maybe someone forwarded an email about your work performance
that was not true or you found out you were the subject of some office
gossip （闲言碎语）.17.（　　）， maybe even for days or
weeks.Sometimes it turns into bitterness and can make you a difficult
person.The truth is that you did have a reason to be upset.Someone did
spread gossip.18.（　　）. How you deal with righteous anger is a sign
of your character， experience， and maturity level.
　　My advice is to solve anger by choosing to have empathy （同理
心）.When you only see how you’ve been slighted （轻视） and think
about that in your head over and over again， it can turn bad.In any
situation， you can change the perspective to the other people
involved.19.（　　）.However， there is usually something valid about
their perspective even if there is only a small sliver of validity.Be careful
before you send off an angry email in response to justify yourself.
　　Instead， start with empathy — what was the perspective of your
colleagues， what motivated them？ When you have empathy， it helps
you avoid seeing only how you’ve been hurt.20.（　　）.
A. Maybe they were totally wrong
B. The email did make unfair claims
C. Righteous anger lasts much longer
D. The first kind is what I’ll call sudden anger
E. It helps you resolve conflicts and deal with anger
F. There’s some interesting science involving sudden anger　
G. Righteous anger will come up frequently in the workplace　
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。义愤填膺，如何是好？试试同理
心，换个角度，你将不再被愤怒牵着走。
16. D　第二段中的The second提示了此处应为The first kind，且D项中
的sudden anger与下文中的sudden anger为原词复现，故D项（第一种
我称之为突发的怒气）符合语境。
17. C　逗号后面的even for days or weeks解释了C项中的lasts much
longer；此处与上一段末句中的disappear after a few minutes形成比较
照应。比较照应指的是通过形容词和副词的比较等级形式以及其他一
些有比较意义的词语表示的照应关系。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。义愤填膺，如何是好？试试同理
心，换个角度，你将不再被愤怒牵着走。
18. B　设空处与其上一句为并列关系，共同构成了上文中的you did
have a reason to be upset的原因。B项（那封邮件的确做了不实的断
言）符合语境。
19. A　A项中的they指代设空处上一句中的the other people； A项中的
totally wrong与设空处下一句中的something valid形成转折；根据设空
处下一句中的However也可再次确定这种转折关系。
20. E　E项中的It helps you ...与设空处上一句中的it helps you ...结
构一致，这两句描述了拥有同理心后的好处。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　为迎接外国姐妹学校来访，学校准备选拔“文化交流小使者
（Young Ambassador for Cultural Exchange）”。请你用英语写一篇竞
选演讲稿，内容包括：
　　1. 自我介绍；
　　2. 竞选理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Good morning， dear judges.I’m Candidate No.1.I am here to
compete for the Young Ambassador for Cultural Exchange.
　　What distinguishes me from others is not only my rich experience but
also my great enthusiasm.I have been in several international camps，
from which I have acquired not only knowledge and skills but also a keen
awareness of the importance of cultural exchange.
　　If accepted， I will be offered a perfect chance to broaden my
horizons and spread our splendid traditional culture.I sincerely hope I can
have the privilege.Thank you！

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