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(共22张PPT)
单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 ◇自我评价
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 一、核心单词写对
1. n.钻石
2. n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
3. vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
diamond　
collar　
outline　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
4. n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
5. vt.给（某人）打电报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
arrest　
wire　
6. n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
7. n.病房
8. n.矿物，矿物质
9. adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
10. adv.同样地；也，而且
11. n.诚实正直；完整，完好
12. n.垃圾；废话
13. n.意外收获；奖金，红利
14. vt.& vi.播种，种
criminal　
ward　
mineral　
superb　
likewise　
integrity　
garbage　
bonus　
sow　
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1. The film ended most satisfactorily： vice punished and v
rewarded.
2. Is it w quarrelling with him over such a small matter？
3. She is said to be four i shorter than her sister.
4. It is a shame for John to c in the exam.
5. （有机的） vegetables taste more delicious than those
treated with chemical fertilizers.
6. We worked day and night so that we could meet the （截
止日期）.
irtue　
orthwhile　
nches　
heat　
Organic　
deadline　
7. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my （过错）？
8. I want to withdraw 500 CNY from my （储蓄金）
account.
9. Activities all take place under the （指导） of an
experienced tutor.
fault　
savings　
guidance　
二、拓展词汇用活
1. n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.安
排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委派→appointed adj.约定的，指
定的
2. adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely
vi.依赖，依靠→reliability n.可靠性
3. vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicious
adj.怀疑的；猜疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
appointment　
reliable　
suspect　
4. adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的
→illegally adv.非法地
5. vt.& vi.辞职，辞去→resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从
的；无可奈何的→resignation n.辞职；辞呈
6. adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
→guilt n.内疚，悔恨；犯罪，罪行；罪责，罪过
7. adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n.羞愧；羞愧感；让
人遗憾的事 vt.使羞愧；使丢脸
legal　
resign　
guilty　
ashamed　
8. vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）→forgiveness n.原
谅，宽恕
9. adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使人失望
→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望；让人失望
的人或事
forgive　
disappointed　
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Henry was as headmaster and wanted to tell his
girlfriend the good news at the time， but she missed
their somehow.（appoint）
2. He is so （rely） everyone here is fond of him.
3. In the USA， people who sneak into the United States are
called immigrants， who， if caught， would be sent back
to their home countries.（legal）
appointed　
appointed　
appointment　
reliable　
illegally　
illegal　
4. John had a （guilt） look on his face because he didn’t
hand in his work on time.
5. I feel very （disappoint） that you are unable to
support me on this project.
6. When you have done something wrong， admit it and ask
for （forgive）.
guilty　
disappointed　
forgiveness　
三、重点短语用准
1. 　拆毁，拆除
2. 　发财
3. 　失去联系
4. 　臂挽着臂
5. 　被逮捕
6. 　任……处置，对……无能为力
7. 　使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
tear down　
make one’s fortune　
lose contact　
arm in arm　
under arrest　
at the mercy of sb/sth　
weigh on sb/sth　
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1. The city will the old building and create a park.
2. He left school early and went to a big city to .
3. He was rather depressed after his unemployment and
with his former colleagues.
4. The young couple walked away， .
tear down　
make his fortune　
losing contact　
arm in arm　
四、经典句式写美
1. 句型公式：完全倒装句
教材原句： （一个男人站
在一家店门口）， with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
2. 句型公式：“形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth”结构
教材原句：Twenty years is a long time， but
（没有长到改变） the shape of a man’s nose.
In the doorway of a store stood a man　
not long enough to
change　
3. 句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
教材原句： （今天播下成功的种
子） and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
Sow the seeds of success today　
Ⅳ.完成句子
1. On the ground .
地上放着一些空调。
2. The ice on the river is on it.
河上的冰厚得足够能在上面行走。
lay some air conditioners　
thick enough to walk
3. you will have a good idea.
动动脑筋，你就会想出一个好办法。
Use your head and　
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情
感
描
写 ①virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
②guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
③merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的
④ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
⑤disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
⑥discouraged adj.灰心的
动
作
描
写 ①bow n.蝴蝶结；弓 vi.鞠躬；低（头）
②forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）
③cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
其
他 burden n.（义务、责任等的）重担，负担
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1. 汤姆来自一个贫困家庭，他试图获得奖学金，以减轻家庭的经济负
担。（并列句；非谓语动词）


Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a
scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family.
2. 在奖学金的诱惑下，他在考试中作弊了，这使他陷入了极度痛苦
中。（非限制性定语从句）


3. 他觉得他应该用美德去美化自己的心灵。（宾语从句）

4. 他决定把真相告诉老师。（非谓语动词）

Tempted by the scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged
him into extreme pain.
He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue.
He determined to tell his teacher the truth.
5. 他一走进办公室，就向老师鞠了一躬，说：“我为我的所作所为感
到羞耻，我只是……请原谅我……”（语言描写；时间状语从句）


6. 他的眼泪涌了出来。（过去进行时）

The moment he came into the office， he bowed to his teacher saying
that “I am ashamed of what I did. I only ...Please forgive me ...”
His tears were welling up his eyes.
7. 老师很仁慈。他理解汤姆并且原谅了他，而且紧紧地拥抱了他！
（并列动词）


The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and
embraced him tightly！
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　








　　 　Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a
scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family. Tempted by the
scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged him into extreme
pain. He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue. At last， he
determined to tell his teacher the truth. The moment he came into the
office， he bowed to his teacher saying that “I am ashamed of what I
did. I only ...Please forgive me ...” Then his tears were welling up his
eyes. The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and
embraced him tightly！　(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
状语从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分连词的用法。
1. He knew that if he came back， he could help advance science in
China.
2. When he had to go away on business， he always chose the midnight
flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime.
3. Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial
contributions to his country.
4. Since he spent so much time on work， he was unable to see his family
very often.
5. In fact， he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his
own health.
6. Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang’s heart never left
his homeland.
【我的发现】
（1）句1是 状语从句；
（2）句2是 状语从句；
（3）句3是 状语从句；
（4）句4是 状语从句；
（5）句5是 状语从句；
（6）句6是 状语从句。
条件　
时间　
地点　
原因　
结果　
让步　
　　状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容
词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；
放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般
可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语
从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语
从句和地点状语从句九种。
一、时间状语从句
1. when、while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非
延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发
生，也可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一
边……一边……；随着”
我上学时就喜欢历史。
While I played the piano， my elder sister did her homework.
我弹钢琴时，姐姐做她的家庭作业。
As it gets warmer and warmer， the trees begin to come to life.
随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。
When I was at school， I loved history.
2. before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 词义 常用句式
be
fo
re 在……之前；还未…………； ……才……；
趁……；还没来得及…… it will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……”
it won’t be long before ... “不久就……”
it was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……”
si
nc
e 自从……以
来 it is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）“自从……以来已经有……（时间）了”
It will be half a year before I come back.
要过半年我才能回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested.那名罪犯被捕已
经十年了。
3. 表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短
语有as soon as、the moment、the minute、the instant、
immediately、directly、instantly、hardly/scarcely ...when、
no sooner ...than ...等。
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我将立即到那里去。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
（2）在hardly/scarcely ...when、no sooner ...than ...中，主句应
用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和
hardly/scarcely ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们
刚到火车站火车就开走了。
4. until与till引导的时间状语从句
（1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河边散步，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
（2）not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
直到看到礼物她才感到高兴。
（3）until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语
动词是延续性动词；用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，
主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited until/till I returned.
他们一直等着，直到我回来。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我
告诉他，他才知道这件事。
5. 引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语）
（1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after、
whenever、every time、each time、next time、the first/last
time、any time、by the time、the day/year等。
Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.每当
我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用
将来完成时；如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time you come back， we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there， the rain had stopped.
我们到那里时，雨已经停了。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Over time， the population grew， people began cutting
food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
②If you miss this chance， it may be years you get another
one.
③As far as I know， it is not he returns home every evening that
his mother will go to bed.
④Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination we set
out to do some volunteer work there.
as/when
before　
until　
when/than　
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句常由where、 wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句
前，也可以放在主句后。where与wherever 意义基本相同，但后者
语气较强，多用于书面语。
Where there is a will， there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Put the money wherever we can see it.
把钱放在任何我们能看见的地方。
2. 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if、only if、unless、
as/so long as、in case、once、on condition that、provided/providing
（that）、supposing/suppose （that）、assuming that等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Supposing that they refuse us， who else can we turn to for help？
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？
3. 在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代
替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire， what will we do first？
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
三、原因状语从句和目的状语从句
1. because/as/since/now （that）引导的原因状语从句
连词 （短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回
答why 能否被
强调
because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 双方都知道
的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now
（that） 通常位于主
句前 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to
sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着他的妻子坐。
I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here， we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2. in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that
引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句中常含有can、
could、may、might等情态动词。
My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he
might keep up with times.
我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代的步伐。
3. for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句一般要用虚拟语气，
即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘记。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
① ， please e-mail me.
如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。
② ， he carried a notebook around with him.
不管走到哪里，他都随身携带一个笔记本。
③ ， you must learn to stand on
your own two feet.
你既然已经长大成人，就必须学会独立生活。
If you’re interested in the Chinese folk art　
Wherever he went　
Now that/Since you’ve grown up　
④She’s very strict — we don’t dare to say a word
.
她很严厉——如果她不要求，我们连一句话也不敢说。
unless she asks us
to　
四、结果状语从句
1. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that、so ...that ...、
such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...、
such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，其结构为：
so＋＋that从句
such＋＋that从句
Everybody lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.
由于大家帮忙，所以工作提前完成了。
Our English teacher explains English grammar so clearly that all the
students can understand it.
我们的英语老师把英语语法解释得如此清晰，以至于所有的学生都
能理解。
There are so many things in the shop that it is difficult to know what to
buy.
商店里的东西太多，不知道买什么好。
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。
2. 为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such之后，that之前的内容置于句
首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the
difficult questions.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。
五、让步状语从句
1. although、though、as与while引导的让步状语从句
（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导
让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as也可
以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型，即要把从句中作表
语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于
句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled， he always presents a
calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled， I have never seen anyone
who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干
的人。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮助我很多。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
（2）although与though都可以与yet、still连用，但不能和but连用。
（3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they
cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
2. even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，
可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me all the afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它花去我整个下午的时间。
3. “no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
（1）“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可
以引导让步状语从句。
Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么都不要相信他。
（2）whoever、whatever、whomever、whichever还可以引导名词性
从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4. whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句
We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools
or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
六、其他状语从句
状语从句类型 从属连词
方式状语从句 as、 as if、as though
比较状语从句 as ...as、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①Poor they are， they still do their best to help those
homeless children.
② /No matter angry you feel， you shouldn’t shout
at your children.
③He earned so little money he couldn’t support his family.
④He acted as he hadn’t heard any of it.
⑤Even I were in your place， I wouldn’t take the job.
as/though　
However　
how　
that　
if　
if/though　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；听任，顺从
【教材原句】　Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to
China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终，他辞去了在英国
的职位，回到中国，在长春的吉林大学工作。
【用法】
（1）resign from　从……辞职
resign as　　辞去（某职务）
resign one’s post/position 辞职
resign oneself to　　听任，顺从，只好接受，使自己安于……
（2）resignation n.　　辞职；辞呈；辞职信
a letter of resignation　　一封辞职信
【佳句】　He resigned from the company in order to take a more
challenging job.
他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At sixteen， I resigned myself the fact that I’d never be a
dancer.
②Ten years ago， he resigned a company in Beijing and went
to Shenzhen to set up his own company.
③Yesterday Mr Smith went into the manager’s office with a letter
of （resign）.
to　
from　
resignation　
【写美】　完成句子
④I this morning.
我今天上午提交了辞职信。
handed in my resignation　
ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
【教材原句】　I was so ashamed of myself.我为自己感到羞愧。
【用法】
（1）be/feel ashamed of sb/sth　为某人/某事感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth　　耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事
（2）shame n.　　羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事
vt.　　使羞愧；使丢脸
to one’s shame　　　　　　令某人惭愧的是
it’s a shame that/to do ...　　真可惜……
（3）shameful adj.　　　　可耻的；丢脸的
shameless adj.　　无耻的；没廉耻的
【佳句】　She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.她对
自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed our shortcomings， our mistakes and our
failures.
②It is （shame） to break school rules from time to time.
③ her shame， she gained back all the weight she’d lost.
④That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s shame that
I don’t have much use for it.
of　
shameful　
To　
a　
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。（ashamed）

I’m ashamed to say that I lied to her.
forgive vt.& vi.（forgave， forgiven） 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）
【教材原句】　I hope my fans can forgive me.我希望我的粉丝们能原
谅我。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth　　原谅某人某事
forgive one’s doing sth　　原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原谅某人（做了）某事
forgive and forget　　摒弃前嫌，不念旧恶
（2）forgiveness n.　　原谅，宽恕
ask/beg/pray for （sb’s） forgiveness 请求/祈求（某人的）宽恕
【佳句】　I’ll never forgive her for what she did.
我绝不会原谅她做的事。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Forgive me interrupting， but I really don’t agree with that.
②Guilty and ashamed， he came into his teacher’s office to beg for
his （forgive）.
for　
forgiveness　
【写美】　完成句子
③Although Chinese families ， I
suggest you should arrive on time.
虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你要准时到达。
will forgive you for your being late　
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
【教材原句】　Frankly speaking， I was disappointed but I smiled as
broadly as I could.
说实话，我是失望的，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。
【用法】
（1）be disappointed at/by sth　对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb　　对某人感到失望
be disappointed to find/see/hear ...失望地发现/看到/听说……
（2）disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的
（3）disappoint vt.　　使人失望
（4）disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事
in disappointment　　失望地
to one’s disappointment　　使某人失望的是
【佳句】　They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①His refusal to come to our English evening party was
very （disappoint）.
②We were all disappointed （learn） that the picnic had
been cancelled.
③To his great （disappoint）， his car broke down
on the way to the beach.
④There was a （disappoint） look on David’s face
when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test.
disappointing　
to learn　
disappointment　
disappointed　
【写美】　完成句子
⑤She tried her hardest not to show .
她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。
how disappointed she was　
pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
【教材原句】　Then I walked away， pretending not to have heard
anything.
然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。
【用法】
pretend to be＋名词/形容词　假装是……
pretend to do sth　　假装要做某事
pretend to be doing sth　　假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth　　假装已做过某事
pretend （to sb） that　　假装……
【佳句】　She opened a book， pretending to read， with tears
dropping on the open page.
她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。 （读后
续写之心理描写）
【点津】　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的
变化。根据句意可用一般式、进行式或完成式。类似用法的动词还有
happen、appear、seem、claim等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She pretended （be） dead when she met a bear and
succeeded in escaping from being attacked.
②In order not to be punished， he pretended
（know） the answer to the maths problem already.
③She pretended （listen） to the manager， but
actually she was thinking about something else.
to be　
to have known　
to be listening　
【写美】　句式升级
④She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street， which
really upset me.
→She when we met in the street， which
really upset me.
pretended not to know me　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
【教材原句】　Lily was not happy about the photos， though.“I
was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans，” she said.不
过，莉莉对这些照片并不满意。“我感到内疚，因为我欺骗了我
的粉丝，”她说。
【用法】
（1）feel guilty about/at　　　对……感到内疚
（2）be guilty of （doing） sth 犯有……错误的；犯有……罪行的
【佳句】　I still feel guilty about things I said to my mother when I was
a teenager.
我至今还在为我十几岁时对妈妈讲的话感到内疚。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I feel really guilty forgetting her birthday again.
②The evidence shows that the man is guilty robbing the bank.
about/at　
of　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. She must have done something wrong， because she’s looking
so （guilt）.
2. My parents took lots of （photographer） of us when
we were small.
guilty　
photographs　
3. honest a person is he that you can turn to him for help when you
are in trouble.
4. I was a little nervous at first， but everyone was so nice and
friendly I soon stopped worrying.
5. When we stood we used to play， we couldn’t help
thinking of our happy old days.
6. We should protect our environment from being polluted that our
next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.
So　
that　
where　
so　
7. We’re going to hold a charity show tomorrow.You can join
us you have no idea what to do for the weekend.
8. One can always manage to do more things /no
matter full his schedule is in life.
9. How did you feel you saw the terrible accident happening in
front of you？
10. The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times it
finally came to include the sense “pleasant”.
since/now that　
however　
how　
when　
before　
1. ， I will be free for almost
three months.
随着暑假的临近，我将有几乎三个月的空闲时间。
2. I won’t go to attend his wedding .
除非他邀请我，否则我是不会去参加他的婚礼的。
3. It is we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
As the summer vacation is approaching　
unless he invites me　
such fine weather that　
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
5. The girl stood at the door .
女孩站在门口，似乎在等人。
as if she was waiting for someone　
4. We’ll start our meeting on time .
无论他来还是不来，我们都将准时开会。
whether he comes or not　
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。
　　My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1. I was
doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework
2. the door bell rang.However， my sister unlocked the door
3. I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw
her 4. her clothes and face were terribly
dirty.5. we didn’t know what had happened to her，
we stood there and waited for my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave
while/when　
than　
before　
because　
Since/As　
6. my sister told us all about it.7. my sister got changed， she told us that she fell into a ditch（沟） 8. she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She
couldn’t get out of the ditch.9. she cried
for help loudly， no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it， but
10. hard she tried， she failed to escape from it.11.
time went by， she got worried.
unless　
After　
when/while　
Although/Though/While　
however　
As　
　　After several vain attempts she had to stand 12. she
was and waited 13. a boy student passed by and gave her a
hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the
rope.She did 14. the boy told， and she came out.
where　
until　
as　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　It was a Sunday night.I circled the neighbourhood a few times，
looking for a place to leave my car.Finally， I found one a block south of
my house.It was behind a late-model Jeep.I tried to back into the space，
but I failed to see the angles clearly.I heard it before I felt it， the sound
of plastic on plastic， like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a
painted piece of wood.I got out of my car to check the damage.My car
was unharmed.However， there were two distinct lines on the Jeep.
　　Then I noticed a woman， walking her dog， who was now
photographing me with her phone.“I hope you’re not planning to drive
away，” she said quietly.Until then， I was annoyed with myself for
having been so careless， but now， I was mad with her for taking my
picture.“How dare she？”I thought.She had no respect for my privacy.
　　And how dare she assume I would do the wrong thing？ But soon I
calmed down because I knew she wasn’t entirely incorrect.I’d made no
decision to drive away without leaving a note， but I’d be lying if I said
the idea hadn’t flashed across my mind.It was dark， and aside from her
no one was watching.It happens all the time — the hit-and-run in the
parking lot.
　　We all have those desires to behave selfishly， to go against the social
contract； it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts.It is the
commitment to take responsibility， to care for one another， and to think
about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay.The
choice to own up was left to me.I left a note with my name and phone
number under the wiper blade （雨刮器） of the Jeep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己不小心剐蹭一
辆车后，主动留下自己信息的故事。作者希望借自己的故事向读者
传达人人都应该为自己做错的事情承担责任的道理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己不小心剐蹭一
辆车后，主动留下自己信息的故事。作者希望借自己的故事向读者
传达人人都应该为自己做错的事情承担责任的道理。
1. What happened to the author on that Sunday night？（　　）
A. He knocked down someone.
B. He got hurt in a car accident.
C. He hit a parked car accidentally.
D. He failed to find a parking space.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，那天晚上，作者倒
车时不小心蹭了一辆泊在车位上的吉普车。
2. Why did the author feel angry with the woman？（　　）
A. She blocked his view on purpose.
B. She spoke to him in a very rude way.
C. She photographed him without permission.
D. She refused to take responsibility for her faults.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的a woman ...
photographing me with her phone ...She had no respect for my privacy
可知，那位女士未经作者允许就拍了作者的照片，作者认为这侵犯
了他的隐私。
3. What does the underlined part “own up” in the last paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Admit. B. Occupy.
C. Disappear. D. Refuse.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据上文可知，作者剐蹭了别人的车，此
处应该是指作者决定“承认”自己的过失，下文作者留下自己姓名
和电话的行为是作者承担责任的具体表现。
4. What does the author intend to tell us through his story？（　　）
A. Everyone makes mistakes.
B. Always do the right thing.
C. Avoid conflicts with others.
D. Apologizing sincerely matters.
解析：　主旨大意题。作者在最后一段指出，人人都应该按照社
会契约行事，愿意承担责任、关爱他人、为大局着想，世界才会更
美好。
B
　　89-year-old Derlin Newey， who lives in the Roy area of Utah， has
supplemented （补充） his Social Security income for a little over a year
by delivering food for Papa John’s Pizza.When Newey delivered a large
apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and struck up a
conversation， Gladys was completely pleased.
　　“He was just so friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet
and genuine，” Gladys told her husband， Carlos Valdez about
Newey.Carlos was so taken with Newey’s friendliness and high
passion — and the fact that he was delivering pizza at his age — that he
decided to crowdfund on Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok
page.Thousands of people donated and it all added up to more than $12，
000.　
　　Then came the surprise delivery.When Newey opened the door to his
mobile home， Carlos was standing there holding an empty pizza box，
which he had stuffed with an envelope full of all the cash.Newey was
flabbergasted， and his eyes filled with tears.Since the initial fundraiser
that brought in $12，000， people have donated $8，000 more for
Newey.
　　Newey， a retired salesman， typically works about 30 hours a
week， Mondays through Saturdays delivering pizza.As a native of
Utah’s Ogden area， he spent 26 years living in Gridley， California，
and working for National Merchandising， and he also earned a
bachelor’s degree from Brigham Young University.Young Newey was a
competitive skier， and he later taught skiing； about four years ago， he
gave up skiing because it became too difficult physically.
　　Even if Newey didn’t need the extra income， he said， he would
still do his delivery job because he loves it.“Oh， fantastic，” he said
about his job.“I love the people I’m working with， and I love having
pleasant conversations and making friends with people.The beautiful
children — you should see the smiles on their faces when they say，
‘Oh， we’re going to have pizza tonight！’ That’s worth more than
the money I make.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。热心的Carlos通过TikTok为89岁的
披萨外卖员Newey筹到2万多美元的善款作为生活补给。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。热心的Carlos通过TikTok为89岁的
披萨外卖员Newey筹到2万多美元的善款作为生活补给。
5. What did Gladys think of Newey？（　　）
A. Reserved and sensitive.
B. Enthusiastic and sociable.
C. Disciplined and thoughtful.
D. Ambitious and hard-working.
解析：　观点态度题。根据第一段中的When Newey delivered a
large apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and
struck up a conversation和第二段中Gladys所说的He was just so
friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet and genuine可知，
Newey在Gladys的眼里是一个热情、善于交际的人。
6. How did Carlos help Newey？（　　）
A. By delivering pizza for him.
B. By raising money online for him.
C. By ordering more pizza from him.
D. By making good comments about him.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段中的he decided to crowdfund on
Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok page可知，Carlos通
过在网上筹集资金来帮助Newey。
7. What does the underlined word “flabbergasted” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（　　）
A. Extremely shocked. B. Severely depressed.
C. Pretty frightened. D. Rather annoyed.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第三段开头的the surprise delivery和
Carlos带来的善款以及画线词后面的his eyes filled with tears可推
知，Newey 大吃一惊，满眼泪水。故画线词flabbergasted意为“非
常震惊”。
8. What can we learn about Newey from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A. He turned down Carlos’ help.
B. He dreamed of being a ski coach.
C. He received a poor education.
D. He found the delivery job worthwhile.
解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Newey所说的话可知，
Newey喜欢送披萨这份工作，喜欢和顾客聊天、交朋友，喜欢
看到孩子们拿到披萨时脸上洋溢的笑容。这些在他看来更有价
值和意义。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　When choosing to add a pet to the family， you may spend more time
focusing on the joy and happiness you expect your new pet will bring.9.
（　　） Though there is no true definition of a responsible pet parent，
these are a few widely accepted tips to help you create a happy， healthy
life for your furry friends.
　　Food and shelter
　　10. （　　） Your pets will need continuous access to clean water，
healthy and nutritious food， and shelter from the elements （恶劣的天
气）.Cats and dogs will live healthier， happier， more rewarding lives
when they are treated as full members of the family， living side-by-side
with you in your homes.
　　Healthcare
　　Regular preventive care is key to helping your pet live a long and
healthy life.It’s best to establish a relationship with a veterinarian （兽
医） to help keep you on track with regular check-ups and vaccinations
（接种疫苗）.11.（　　） When the time has come， your veterinarian
can help you keep your pet comfortable， pain-free， and loved， and
guide you in making decisions on end-of-life care.
　　Training and socialization
　　Behavioral issues are the number one reason why animals are
abandoned to shelters， so training and socializing your pets helps make
sharing your homes with them much easier.For example， a dog who has
been trained in basic obedience （服从） knows what behaviors are
acceptable and what is expected of him.12.（　　）
　　Love
　　This may be the most important responsibility of all.13.（　　）
They are companions who depend on you for their care.They are in tune
with you and live for your happiness.Responsible pet parents work hard to
do the same for them.
A. Your pets are not possessions you own.
B. Your pets need to stay in shape just like you do.
C. Animal overpopulation is a real issue all over the world.
D. An established relationship with a veterinarian can also be helpful as
your pet ages.
E. Providing your pet with the basic necessities of life should go without
saying.
F. While that’s true， they also come with a set of duties that everyone
should consider.
G. This can help him be more cooperative， comfortable， and confident
in the home environment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宠物主人应该承担的几
项责任。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宠物主人应该承担的几
项责任。
9. F　设空处前一句指出：在决定要养宠物时，你可能更关注你认为
新宠物会带来的快乐和幸福。F项（虽然这是真的，但它们也会带来
一系列每个人都应该考虑的职责）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。
F项中第一个that指代上文描述的情况。
10. E　根据本段小标题“食物和住所”可知，E项（为宠物提供基本
生活必需品是理所当然的）符合语境。E项中的basic necessities of life
与小标题相呼应。
11. D　上文说明了宠物主人最好与兽医建立关系。下文指出：到了
那个时候，你的兽医能为你提供帮助，让你的宠物觉得舒适、远离痛
苦、感到被爱，指导你作出有关临终关怀的决定。故D项（随着宠物
年龄的增长，与兽医建立关系也会有所帮助）符合语境。
12. G　设空处前一句指出：举例来说，接受过基本服从训练的狗了
解什么行为是主人可以接受的，也清楚主人对它的期望。G项（这可
以帮助它在家庭环境中更加乐于合作、感到舒适、充满自信）紧承上
文，符合语境。G项中的This指代设空处前描述的情况。
13. A　上文说明了爱可能是最重要的一项责任。下文指出了它们是
需要你照顾的伙伴；它们能够理解你；它们以你的幸福为生活目标。
负责任的宠物主人会努力为它们做同样的事情。A项（你的宠物不是
你的财产）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Recently， I had one unpleasant but lucky day.My morning started
out with a grouchy （爱发脾气的） kid who couldn’t be 　14　，
whatever I tried to do for him.When I got in my car to take him
to 　15　， I realized my gas tank was close to 　16　.To make matters
worse， the traffic was unbearable.I felt 　17　.
　　After I filled up my tank and dropped the little one off to daycare， I
headed to my favourite restaurant， 　18　 my favourite meal， went to
the cashier， and then something 　19　 happened — my debit card （借
记卡） was declined.I told the cashier that she must have run my card
wrong and to 　20　 it again， only for the screen to read DECLINED
again.My heart 　21　.
　　I immediately 　22　 my phone and called the bank number.Out of
nowhere， this amazing woman came up behind me， hugged me，
and 　23　 my lunch.I explained to her that I did have money when
she 　24　 me and said，“You can pay me back by paying it
forward.Have a good day.”
　　I was 　25　！ I’ve never seen anyone do anything like this in real
life， and someone just 　26　！ My heart was full， and I couldn’t
believe how someone who didn’t even know me could do such a thing for
a 　27　！
　　Right then and there， I told myself that I was going to pay it
forward.I was going to create in my child a spirit of 　28　， gratitude，
and show him what paying it forward was all about.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。陌生人的慷慨帮助让作者懂得把爱
传递下去。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。陌生人的慷慨帮助让作者懂得把爱
传递下去。
14. A. moved B. discouraged
C. satisfied D. annoyed
解析：　根据该空前的a grouchy （爱发脾气的） kid可知，
“我”的孩子易怒，不管“我”做什么，都无法满足他。
15. A. school B. daycare
C. hospital D. town
解析：　根据第二段中的dropped the little one off to daycare可
知，“我”上车准备带孩子去托儿所。
16. A. new B. full C. huge D. empty
解析：　根据第二段中的I filled up my tank可知，“我”的油箱
几乎空了。
17. A. terrible B. scared
C. curious D. ashamed
解析：　根据上文的描述可知，“我”一大早就遇到很多不顺
心的事情，因此“我”感到很糟糕。
18. A. shared B. prepared
C. ordered D. showed
解析：　根据该空后的my favourite meal， went to the cashier可
知，“我”点了最喜欢吃的饭菜，然后去了收银台。
19. A. unrecognizable B. uncertain
C. unknown D. unexpected
解析：　根据下文my debit card （借记卡） was declined可知，
这是意想不到的事情。
20. A. demand B. adopt
C. try D. purchase
解析：　根据该空前的she must have run my card wrong可知，
“我”告诉收银员，她一定是操作不当，让她再试一次。
21. A. opened B. sank
C. slowed D. hurt
解析：　根据该空前的the screen to read DECLINED again可知，
当屏幕又一次显示“我”的卡不能支付时，我感到很沮丧。
22. A. locked B. grabbed
C. answered D. connected
解析：　根据该空后的called the bank number可知，“我”立刻
抓起手机，拨打了银行的电话。
23. A. picked up B. took away
C. put back D. paid for
解析：　根据下文You can pay me back by paying it forward.可
知，这位女士替“我”付了款。
24. A. followed B. stopped
C. reached D. checked
解析：　根据该空后的and said可知，这位女士打断“我”，并
且对“我”说：“你可以通过把爱传递下去来回报我。祝你今天
过得愉快。”
25. A. confused B. amazed
C. concerned D. determined
解析：　根据该空后的I’ve never seen anyone do anything like
this in real life可知，“我”很惊讶。
26. A. saved my day B. changed my mind
C. met my request D. caught my eye
解析：　根据上文的描述可知，这位女士帮了“我”的大忙。
27. A. stranger B. friend
C. neighbour D. customer
解析：　根据该空前的who didn’t even know me可知，“我”
对那位女士来说是一个陌生人。
28. A. bravery B. patience
C. honesty D. kindness
解析：　根据上文的描述以及该空后的gratitude可知，“我”要
把孩子培养成一个善良且懂得感恩的人。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Over thousands of years， the Chinese have created brilliant culture
and meanwhile formed our own moral code.This is what we call the
traditional virtues of the Chinese nation， which are still of great
29. 　　　　　　 （significant） today and whose value to the
development of human civilization has been 30. 　 （general） recognized.
　　One of these traditional virtues is honesty， and “Zengzi kills the
pig” is a well-known story about this valuable quality.Zengzi， a student
of Confucius， was a person 31. 　　　　　　 was upright and always
kept his promise.One day， when Zengzi’s wife was about
32. 　　　　　　 （go） to the market， her little son started making a
scene 33. 　　　　　 he insisted on going with her.To calm him down，
she persuaded him into 34. 　　　　　　 （stay） at home with a prize：
killing their pig for him to eat when she returned.When she got back from
the market， she saw Zengzi was
35. 　　　　　　 his way to kill the pig and tried to stop him.Zengzi said，“If you deceive （欺骗） him this time， he will not believe in you any more.” In the end， the pig 36. 　　　　　　 （kill）.With his own conduct， Zengzi taught his son to be 37. 　　　　　　 （faith） to his word.
　　Despite the passage of time， honesty is still honored as a mainstream
value and has appeared in countless 38. 　　　　　　 （tale）
throughout China’s history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一则中国传统故事：曾
子杀猪。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一则中国传统故事：曾
子杀猪。
29. significance　考查词形转换。设空处为“of＋抽象名词”结构，
该结构在句中充当形容词的作用，故填significance。
30. generally　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰
recognized，应用副词，故填generally。
31. who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行
词a person，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
32. to go　考查非谓语动词。be about to do sth表示“即将/正要做某
事”，故填to go。
33. and　考查连词。根据语境可知，设空处前后两句为并列句，故填
and。
34. staying　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词into的宾语，应用动词-
ing形式，故填staying。
35. on　考查介词。on one’s way to do sth为固定搭配，意为“在去
做某事的路上”。
36. was killed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。the pig与kill之间
为被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据语境可知，设空处应用一般过去
时，故填was killed。
37. faithful　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，表示“忠实的，
守信的”，故填形容词faithful。
38. tales　考查名词复数。tale为可数名词，意为“故事”，在此表泛
指，且前面有countless修饰，故填tales。(共5张PPT)
UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
单元话题导入
　　本单元的话题是“诚信和责任”。通过本单元的学习，可以启
发学生思考、分析、理解和领悟生活中的人与事，培养正直诚信的
优秀品质，提升责任意识，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，
塑造良好的品格，弘扬中华民族优秀文化，传承优秀传统美德。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。truthful， virtue， responsible， reliable，
principle
1. Honesty and responsibility are connected to good .For
example， when you make friends， you always keep your promises，
and you are showing you’re a person.
virtues　
reliable　
2. One important virtue that is admired in nearly every culture is
honesty.Most people around the world prefer that others should
be to them.Another is responsibility — most people
admire someone who is .
3. It is necessary to educate students about the of right and
wrong behaviour.They help us make choices that bring benefits to
ourselves and everyone else.
truthful　
responsible　
principles　(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Taking responsibility
　　[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and
privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this
special occasion②.
　　Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③
into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students
into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to
embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and
anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t
worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well
equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead.
　　[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to
welcome ...and present ...。
　　[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容
词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。
　　[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all
responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。
【读文清障】
①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待
②on this special occasion在这个特别的场合
③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
⑤phase n.阶段，时期
⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
　　At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-
developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible
for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to
treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a
foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an
anchor⑩ is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise ， a
person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own
careless and thoughtless behaviour.
　　[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引
出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一
个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your
future development修饰a foundation。
⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感
⑧be responsible for 对……负责
⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重
⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物）
vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
at the mercy of sb/sth任……处置，对……无能为力
likewise adv.同样地；也，而且
　　As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept
responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for
your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance ， and of
course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your
responsibilities go far beyond your studies.[5]As you go through your
daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things
may go wrong . Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the
problem， and if it is indeed your own fault ， be ready to admit your
mistake and then correct it.
This way， you practise the virtue of courage.[6]Always give your best
in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way，
you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you
mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of
integrity .Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life，
therefore， will help build a strong character.
　　[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语
从句，修饰抽象名词situations。
　　[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步
状语从句。
take ...seriously 认真对待……
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
guidance n.指导；导航
follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导
go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于……
encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）
go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错
instead of 而不是
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好
　　Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your
actions is also important for the betterment of society.Society is an
organic whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make
a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried
to save starfish left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back
into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he
could not possibly save them all.
[8]However， the boy was not discouraged ， believing that he could
make a difference to the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by
felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little
things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage
around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner
environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being
energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly. Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus .[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
　　[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从
句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a
storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-
ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。
　　[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语
从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
　　[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。
betterment n.改进；改善；改良
organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
starfish n.海星，星鱼
discouraged adj.灰心的
make a difference to ...对……有影响，改变……
garbage n.垃圾；废话
contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献
lead to 导致，带来；通往
saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金
bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利
　　[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by
accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable
and rewarding experience for both you and those around
you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on
you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-
for-nothing if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without
trials.[12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be
great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！
　　[10]so that引导结果状语从句。
　　[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省
略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。
　　[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
jade n.玉，碧玉
be good-for-nothing一无是处，不中用；无用之人
sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种
harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.& vi.收割，捕猎
【参考译文】
承担责任
　　尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大
家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。
　　同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我
见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我
面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体
验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年
轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。
　　在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们
明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任
当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有
锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为
所左右。
　　作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负
责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学
术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们
会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责
怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备
好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们
打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践
行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的
美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你
们塑造坚强的品格。
　　除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社
会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。
你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的
海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的
时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相
信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷
和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例
如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举
报一辆超
速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自
然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像
“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是
一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推
动我们的社会进步。
　　所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一
步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有
益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国
谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年
生活一切顺利！
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill
in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（　　）
A. Teachers. B. Parents.
C. Senior 1 students. D. Senior 3 students.
2. How do we treat responsibility properly？（　　）
A. We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us.
B. We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future
development.
C. We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future
development.
D. We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future
development.
3. Which of the following statements is RIGHT？ （　　）
A. As students， we only need take responsibility in our studies.
B. When you admit your mistake bravely， you practise the virtue of
determination.
C. You can practise the virtue of integrity by keeping on doing challenging
tasks.
D. Taking responsibility contributes to building a strong character.
4. What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（　）
A. Improvement. B. Peace.
C. Stability. D. Harmony.
5. What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea
show？（　　）
A. It shows the starfish deserves saving.
B. It shows the importance of protecting the ocean.
C. It shows anyone can make a difference to the world.
D. It shows the boy is very brave and clever.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋-ing构成名词
①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
⑦park→parking 停车
（2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词
①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的
②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的
③worried 担心的
④annoyed 恼火的，生气的
⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中
较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的
道理变得浅显。
请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。



A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and
winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is
at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
（2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或
名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。
请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。


However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-
nothing if not carved.”
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
【教材原句】　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves
and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at
the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的
行为所左右。
【用法】
（1）beg/ask for mercy　　乞求/请求宽恕
　　对……怜悯或宽恕
without mercy　　残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy of sb/sth　　任……处置；对……无能为力
It is/was a mercy that ...　幸运的是……
（2）merciful adj.　　宽大的，仁慈的
be merciful to/towards sb　　对某人仁慈
【佳句】　At the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of
the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy people who
are in trouble.
②They asked her to be （mercy） to the little girl.
③Having lost engine power， the crew on the boat found
themselves the mercy of the wind.
on　
merciful　
at　
【写美】　句型转换
④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the
rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写）
→ she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until
the rescue team arrived.
It was a mercy that
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
【教材原句】　Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the
problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your
mistake and then correct it.
与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的
错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。
【用法】
（1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错
be at fault　　有过错；应当负责
be one’s fault　　是某人的过错
find fault and make trouble　寻事惹非
（2）faulty adj.　　不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的
faultless adj.　　完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的
【佳句】　Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding
fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not
fault.
②There was not a single thing about her that one could find
fault .
③He’s proud of his children and blind to their （fault）.
at　
with　
faults　
【写美】　完成句子
④You have been doing excellently and .
你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。
your failure is not your fault　
discouraged adj.灰心的
【教材原句】　However， the boy was not discouraged， believing
that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.然而，小男孩并
没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。
【用法】
（1）be/get discouraged　　　 变得灰心，泄气
（2）discourage sb from doing sth　　阻止某人做某事
（3）discouraging adj.　　令人泄气的
discouragement n. 　　泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物
【佳句】　His words were discouraging， which made many people
discouraged.
他的话令人沮丧，这使许多人感到沮丧。
Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close
you may be to victory.
不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To his disappointment， his parents tried to discourage him
being an actor.
②It is really （discourage） for us to stand in line for
more than one hour and then be told that we can’t see the manager until
tomorrow.
③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a
great （discourage） to him.
from　
discouraging　
discouragement　
【写美】　翻译句子
④他发现自己非但没有泄气，反而充满了成就感。


Instead of being discouraged， he found himself filled with a sense of
achievement.
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
【教材原句】　Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.
有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。
【用法】
（1）weigh up　 权衡，斟酌
weigh up the pros and cons 权衡利弊
weigh sth against sth　　认真考虑某事，权衡某事
（2）weigh （sb） down　　使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心
忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重
（3）weigh one’s words　　推敲；斟酌字句
【佳句】　Something was weighing on her mind.
她心事重重。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily her mind.
②You’d better weigh the pros and cons before settling on your
choice.
③Those costs must be weighed the environmental benefits.
on　
up　
against　
【写美】　完成句子
④I must to avoid any misunderstanding.
我必须字斟句酌以免发生误解。
weigh my words　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
【教材原句】　This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork，
following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for
academic excellence.
这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上
的卓越。
【用法】
deadline for ...　 ……的最后期限
meet/miss a deadline　　按时/未按时完成
before the deadline　　在最后期限之前
【佳句】　The deadline for applications is this Friday.申请截止
到本周五。
【练透】　完成句子
①They failed to because their time was limited.
由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。
②I hope we can finish this work .
我希望我们能在最后期限之前完成这项工作。
meet the deadline　
before the deadline　
guidance n.指导；导航
【用法】
（1）ask/look for some guidance　寻求一些指导
seek guidance from sb　　向某人寻求指导
provide guidance　　提供指导
under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb　　在某人的指导下
（2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游
guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 给某人领路（或导游）；指引
（3）guided adj. 有向导的，有导游的
【佳句】　Under your expert guidance， we have had a better
command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in
recent examinations.
在您的专业指导下，我们的英语比以前掌握得更好了，并在最近的考
试中取得了令人满意的成绩。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He guided the chairwoman the hall to attend the great wedding.
②The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer’s
personal （guide）.
③If it had not been your guidance， I wouldn’t have won the
prize.
to　
guidance　
for　
【写美】　句式升级
④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue.
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.
（用with复合结构改写）
→ ， we visited the splendid statue.（用独
立主格结构改写）
With a local guide guiding us　
A local guide guiding us　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：not ...but ...不是……而是……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as
a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support
your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持
你们未来发展的基础。
【用法】
（1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not
后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。
（2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式
取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
【品悟】　I work not because I have to， but because I want to.
我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。
【写美】　完成句子
①I realize the secret to success is
and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中的
所作所为。
②Not you but Tom because he is the
manager of the department.
不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。
not when or where you were born，
but what you are doing　
is responsible for the mistake　
句型公式：so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】　So， dear students， take your first step into the adult
world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an
enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.
所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步
吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益
的经历。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间
有时用逗号隔开。
（2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、
could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的
是……；以便于……”。
（3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不
能置于句首。
【品悟】　We are very interested in Kunming so that we have decided to
pay a visit to the city.
我们对昆明很感兴趣，所以我们决定去参观一下这个城市。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①The heavy rain lasted for about a week
until the next month.
大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
②While walking， John checked his smartphone，
into a tree.
约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
so that the sports meeting had
to be put off　
so that he
knocked　
in order to　
so as to　
句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
【教材原句】　Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be
great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
【用法】
（1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关
系。
（2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条
件状语从句＋主句”。
（3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中
常含有more、another、further、earlier等词。
【品悟】　Work hard and believe in yourself and you’ll succeed one
day.
努力学习，相信自己，总有一天你会成功的。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
① you’ll be really tired tomorrow.
现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。
②再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.
（祈使句）
→ ， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）
Go to bed now or　
Give me one more hour　
One more hour　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. To tell the truth， I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my
heart as he liked finding f with others.
2. He always helps his parents weed the garden， carry out the g
and deliver newspapers.
ault　
arbage　
3. He got into a panic when he realised that he couldn’t meet the
d .
4. Actually he had got the news already but he p to know
nothing about it.
5. O and environment-friendly products are becoming more and
more popular among people.
6. In addition to his salary， he has a （奖金） of 6，000
yuan per month.
eadline　
retended　
rganic　
bonus　
7. A teacher should know how to give proper （指导） to
students in his teaching.
8. The old man has the habit of paying the cheque into his
（储蓄金） account.
9. Rainfall has been evenly distributed this year and a good
（收成） can be expected.
10. Our teacher always lays stress on honesty as an important
（美德）.
guidance　
savings　
harvest　
virtue　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Don’t be （discourage）， you’ll learn by and
by.
2. Under the （guide） of the expert， we have made great
progress.
3. Many farms are trying to advertise （organic） grown
food for customers.
4. Yesterday I opened a （save） account at the local bank.
discouraged　
guidance　
organically　
savings　
5. The officer is said to be serious and demanding， but also
（mercy）.
6. Punishment can never be an effective cure for （society）
problems.
7. Though I have asked for her （forgive）， but I
don’t know whether she will forgive me or not.
8. Don’t raise your hopes too high， or you may be
（disappoint） in the end.
merciful　
social　
forgiveness　
disappointed　
9. It took the jury （陪审团） some time to reach the conclusion that the
man was （guilt）.
10. She decided to leave the company and handed in her
（resign）.
guilty　
resignation　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 无论广告做得多么好，如果产品不适合人们，他们也不可能信服。
（however 引导让步状语从句）
， people are unlikely to be
persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.
2. 时间一旦被设定就不能更改。（状语从句的省略）
， the time cannot be changed.
3. 他的脚受伤了，因此他无法参加比赛了。（so that）
He injured his foot play in the match.
However good an advertisement is　
Once set　
so that he was unable to　
4. 希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。（not ...but ...）
hoping to do that.
5. 读一读这个故事，你就会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用金钱买
到。（祈使句＋and＋陈述句）
that not everything can be
bought with money.
Not the manager but the workers are　
Read this story， and you will realise　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　A principal is giving a speech 1. theme is “Taking
responsibility” at the students’ coming-of-age ceremony.The students
are 2. the way to adulthood when they must learn to be responsible
for themselves and society，3. is the foundation that can
support their future.
whose　
on　
which　
　　At school， you have 4. （gradual） understood the
importance of a well-developed sense of 5.
（responsible）.You accept that you are responsible for your successes
and your 6. （fail）.As students， you must take your
studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.Apart
from personal development， 7. （assume） responsibility
for your actions is also important for the
gradually　
responsibility　
failures　
assuming　
8. （better） of society.So， dear students， take your first
step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，9. that
adulthood will be an enjoyable and 10. （reward）
experience for both you and those around you.
betterment　
so　
rewarding　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　I loaded The Ledger in the metal basket of my bicycle I called my
tank.Balloon tires （低压轮胎） mobilized the red-black heavy bike I had
found on a roadside left for the garbage man.In those days， the papers
had to be left on the steps.Some customers requested I put them between
the storm door and the front wooden door.
　　Saturday was collection day.When I knocked on the door， I never
knew what I was going to get.Old man Kusek shouted out of the back of
his kitchen， “I’ll pay you next week.” I made a note on his card that
this was the fifth week in a row he had shouted those same words.
　　Every week I had cold feet about charging for the newspapers at Mr
Schaefer’s house.As soon as I took the first step up， two German
Shepherds bolted （突然快跑） against the screen door.Their barking
always pushed me one step back from the door.“Don’t worry.They
won’t hurt you，” a voice shouted from inside the house.Mr Schaefer
came to the door to pay his bill with a dollar clenched （咬紧） between
his teeth while he held each dog by their collar.Grabbing the money from
his mouth， I turned and ran， thinking those fierce dogs were going to
break free and eat me alive.
　　Every two weeks， Mr Kloch from The Ledger would come to collect
the money.After I paid the amount， the rest was mine.Counting the
change was the fun part to see how much money I’d made.
　　My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money，
serving customers， and accepting responsibility.I remember the time
when I was in a grocery store with my mother.A family approached us and
their little kid pointed at me and shouted，“That’s our paperboy！” I
felt proud at that moment and I still do today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这
段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这
段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
1. What did the author use to do when delivering newspapers？（　　）
A. He rode a second-hand bike.
B. He carried a red-black basket.
C. He was accompanied by two dogs.
D. He stuck the papers in customers’ door.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者当报童
送报时常常骑一辆破旧的二手自行车。
2. What kind of man was Kusek in the author’s eyes？（　　）
A. He was far too sensitive.
B. He was very responsible.
C. He always broke his promise.
D. He rarely had an aggressive manner.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对Kusek的描述可知，
每次都说下周给报款的Kusek总是食言。
3. What does the underlined part “had cold feet” in Paragraph 3
probably mean？（　　）
A. Got curious. B. Became nervous.
C. Felt sorry. D. Looked confused.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的two German
Shepherds ...barking always pushed me one step back from the door可
知，作者每周都要去Mr Schaefer家收报款，可是因为他家有两只凶
猛的德国牧羊犬，所以作者每次去他家收款都很害怕。get/have
cold feet意为“临阵胆怯；畏缩”。
4. What did the author think of his experience of being a paperboy？
（　　）
A. He expressed regret over it.
B. He showed no interest in it.
C. He was very grateful for it.
D. He felt embarrassed about it.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and
accepting responsibility.和I felt proud at that moment可知，作者非常
感激当报童的这段经历。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　One of the best things you can do for your community is volunteer，
but it’s necessary to understand that it comes with the same kind of
mission a paid job has.Since you promise to do something， you need to
follow it through.5.（　　）
　　Whether you’re just starting out or you’ve been volunteering for
years， think of what you’re doing.Here are some things you need to do
if you want to do your best：
　　Volunteer with a good attitude.You are doing something that you
really want to do.So put a smile on your face and show you want to be
there.6.（　　）
　　Follow the rules.7.（　　） Do your best to follow them because
they’ve been made for a reason.Periodically go over your job
description.If you don’t have a written one， ask your volunteer
coordinator whether or not you’re meeting expectations.
　　 8. （　　） If you see something that the volunteer coordinator
needs to know about， let him know as soon as possible.Or if you have a
better idea of getting the work done faster， share your thoughts with
him.It will do good to the cause.
　　Be flexible.You may be actively doing your given job when you
notice something else that needs to be done.9.（　　）
A. Communicate more.
B. Get along with others.
C. You and everyone around you will be happier if you have a positive
attitude.
D. Not all volunteers volunteer out of the kindness of their hearts.
E. Someone may have given you a list of rules， either written or spoken.
F. Try to do whatever it is， unless it’s against the rules of your
organization.
G. People are depending on you， and you should give your time responsibly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提
出了一些建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提
出了一些建议。
5. G　上文提到：做志愿者同样有使命，需要负责任。空处为本段最
后一句，应承接上文继续说明负责任的原因，故G项（人们都在依赖
你，你应该负责任地付出你的时间）符合语境。
6. C　根据上文可知，本段主要是关于志愿者态度的说明，上文提到
面带微笑表现出你想在那里做志愿者，由此可推测此处应表述的是需
要积极的态度，C项中的a positive attitude对应上文中的a good
attitude。故C项（如果你有积极的态度，你和你周围的每个人会更快
乐）符合语境。
7. E　根据上文Follow the rules.可知，本段的建议是遵守志愿者的规
则，下文中them指代E项中的a list of rules。故E项（有人可能已经给
了你一份规则列表，不管是书面的还是口头的）符合语境。
8. A　本空位于本段开头，根据第三、四、六段开头语可知，本空应
选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。根据下文中的let him know as soon as
possible和share your thoughts with him可知，本段提到要多和他人分享
自己的想法，即多和他人沟通。故A项（多交流）符合语境。
9. F　上文提到你可能在工作过程中注意到有其他的事情需要
做，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明如何应对这种情况。
故F项（不管这件事是什么，尽量去做，除非它违反了你组织的规
定）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the
shop the other day.Because I struggled with 　10　， I always looked for
a perfect planner.I dreamed that I would 　11　 my procrastination （拖
延） with the perfect planner.
　　Julia 　12　 a planner and showed it to me.“Mom， this one has a
habit tracker.Do your other ones have that？” “No.But that could be
really 　13　.” I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.I
asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.“I will 　14　
one， too，” Julia said.
　　The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner
and 　15　 to make some positive changes.As I drank a glass of water —
instead of my usual Diet Coke — I felt 　16　.Maybe I’d 　17　 found
the perfect planner to help me get my act together.
　　One morning， I 　18　 my planner and realized that I’d grabbed
Julia’s 　19　.And the first 　20　 on her habit tracker was “Write in
my gratitude journal.” The second one was “Do something nice for
others.” Both items were 　21　 every day that week.Since she was
very 　22　， how did she find time to do these things？
　　When I asked her about it， she said，“Those two habits go
together.Writing in my gratitude journal makes me 　23　 to do nice
things for others.”
　　I realized I’d spent years 　24　 the perfect planner when what I
really needed was a gratitude journal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写
感恩日志。
10. A. devotion B. tradition
C. organization D. comparison
解析：　根据下文中的I always looked for a perfect planner可知，
“我”做事不够条理，因此“我”一直在寻找一本完美规划簿，
“我”梦想着有了它“我”就能结束“我”的拖延症。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写
感恩日志。
11. A. admit B. explain
C. predict D. end
解析：　参见上题解析。
12. A. completed B. packed
C. replaced D. selected
解析：　根据上文My daughter Julia and I headed to the school
supply section in the shop the other day.可知，到了学习用品区，
Julia挑了一本规划簿并拿给“我”看。
13. A. helpful B. strange
C. expensive D. difficult
解析：　根据下文I thought of all the good habits I wanted to
develop.可知，“我”认为规划簿上的习惯追踪将会对“我”很
有帮助。
14. A. decorate B. make C. pass D. get
解析：　根据上文I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推
车）.可知，Julia说她也想买一本。
15. A. decided B. failed
C. happened D. regretted
解析：　根据上文The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker
section of my new planner可知，“我”决定作出一些积极的
改变。
16. A. amused B. excited
C. worried D. confused
解析：　根据下文found the perfect planner ...together可知，
“我”感到兴奋不已，或许“我”终于发现了完美的规划簿。
17. A. formally B. personally
C. finally D. immediately
解析：　参见上题解析。
18. A. discovered B. opened
C. forgot D. shared
解析：　根据下文中的realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s可知，
一天早上，“我”把Julia的规划簿当成是“我”自己的翻开了。
19. A. by luck B. in advance
C. by mistake D. in return
解析：　参见上题解析。
20. A. task B. result
C. problem D. success
解析：　根据下文的how did she find time to do these things可
知，Julia“习惯追踪”上的第一个任务是“写感恩日志”，第二
个任务是“做好事”。尽管她很忙，但那一周她每天都会完成这
两件事。
21. A. asked about B. applied for
C. checked off D. commented on
解析：　参见上题解析。
22. A. reliable B. kind C. tired D. busy
解析：　参见第20题解析。
24. A. preparing for B. learning from
C. searching for D. dealing with
解析：　根据第一段中的I always looked for a perfect planner.可
知，“我”花了很多年去寻找一本完美规划簿，殊不知，“我”
需要的只是一本感恩日志。
23. A. afford B. want
C. pretend D. hesitate
解析：　根据上文Those two habits go together.可知，Julia说写
感恩日志让她想做好事。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　Mariana and other River Edge Rockers， their community soccer
team， dreamed of getting a regulation soccer field.She and her father
would attend the Town Council meeting that night.They would also get the
whole team there to convince the Council they needed a better field.
　　When they all arrived at the meeting hall and sat together，
Councilwoman Maloof opened the discussion， and Mr Boyd， the
Rockers’ manager， spoke first.“Our team currently practices in a tiny
school yard， and only when it’s not already booked.”The team
nodded immediately.
　　Mrs Yamagata， owner of Something Sushi， walked to the podium
（讲台）.“I believe the town owns an empty lot next to my
restaurant，” she said.“Couldn’t that be a soccer field？” The
Rockers cheered.
　　“A soccer field would be a good use for that lot，” Maloof
said.“But the town simply doesn’t have the money to build and
maintain one.”
　　“The Rockers can do it！” Mr Boyd spoke up.He began to
negotiate with the Council.“If the town lets the Rockers use the vacant
lot， we will turn it into a soccer field.”
　　After some discussion， the Council reached a decision.They
approved using that lot for a community soccer field.The team cheered.
　　The following day， at Something Sushi， the team got together to
share ideas for raising money.They finally decided to wash cars for their
community.On the day of the car wash， car owners lined up in the
middle school parking lot， where six wading pools （塑料浅水池） had
been set up.The team began washing carefully.By the end of the day，
the Rockers were soaked through （湿透） but excited about raising
$750.In the next few days， the Rockers also invited neighbours to donate
materials for building the field.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools
purchased with their earnings or donated by
neighbours. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed
by the new field. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased
with their earnings or donated by neighbours.Staring at the unused field of
dirt， rocks， and weeds， Mariana thought it was not the soccer field in
their dream.But she kicked into action with the others， cleaning up the
mess.There was a huge rock in the middle of the field and the team moved
it onto a rented truck.However， a gaping hole immediately
appeared.With everyone working together they moved enough soil from
the field’s edges to fill the hole.
　　Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by
the new field.Before the game， the Rockers gathered together.They did
it.Together they successfully turned an unseemly lot into their field of
dreams.Everyone was excited and they decided to get out there hand in
hand.Later， as the clock was running out on the 0∶0 score， Mariana
kicked the ball hard.When she saw it slip through the opposing goalie’s
hands， she realized that her dream had actually come true！(共117张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
After Twenty Years
　　[1]The policeman on the beat① walked along the street as he always
did.It was barely②ten o’clock at night.When he had walked about
halfway around a certain block， the policeman suddenly slowed down③.
[2]In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit④ cigar in his
mouth.As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly.
　　“It’s all right， officer，” he said.“I’m just waiting for a
friend. [3]It’s an appointment⑤ made twenty years ago. [4]There
used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady’s
restaurant.”
　　[1]句中as he always did为as引导的方式状语从句，as意为“正
如……”。
　　[2]表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，常用完全倒装结构，本句
的主语是a man。正常语序为A man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth，
stood in the doorway of a store。
　　[3]过去分词短语made twenty years ago作后置定语，修饰名词
appointment。
　　[4]There used to be ...意为“过去常常有……”；where引导地
点状语从句。
【读文清障】
①on the beat （警察）值勤，当班，巡逻
②barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
③slow down 放慢，减速
④unlit adj.未点燃的
⑤appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）
　　“It was here until five years ago，” said the policeman.“It was
torn down⑥ then.”
　　The man in the doorway struck a match⑦ and lit his cigar.The light
showed a pale face， with keen⑧ eyes， a square jaw and a little white
scar⑨ near his right eyebrow⑩.His scarfpin was a large diamond ，
oddly set.
　　“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man， “I dined here with
Jimmy Wells， my best friend.He and I were just like two brothers.I was
eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to leave New
York and travel to the West to make my fortune .[5]Well， we agreed
that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that
date and time， no matter what our conditions might be or from what
distance we might have to come.We figured that in twenty years each of us
ought to have built a life and made our fortunes.”
　　“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a
long time between meetings， though.Haven’t you heard from your
friend since you left？”
　　“Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we lost
contact.[6]But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he
always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.He’ll never
forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight， and
it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up .”
　　[5]第二个that引导宾语从句，作agreed的宾语；该宾语从句中no
matter what引导让步状语从句。that night用作时间状语。
　　[6]句中for意为“因为”，为并列连词，连接表示因果关系的两
个并列分句；第一个分句中I know是主句，Jimmy will meet me here if
he’s alive为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中if引导条件
状语从句。
⑥tear down 拆毁，拆除
⑦strike a match 擦/划火柴
⑧keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
⑨scar n.伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点
⑩eyebrow n.眉毛
scarfpin n.围巾夹，领带别针
diamond n.钻石
make one’s fortune 发财
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉
快的
turn up （常指出其不意地或经长久等待后）出现，到来，露面
　　“I’ll be on my way，” said the policeman.“Hope your friend
turns up.”
　　“I’ll give him half an hour at least.Bye， officer.”
　　The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch， set with small
diamonds.It was three minutes to ten.
　　[7]The man who had come a thousand miles to keep an appointment
with the friend of his youth smoked his cigar and waited.[8]About
twenty minutes later， a tall man in a long overcoat， with collar turned
up to his ears， hurried toward him.
　　[7]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词man；动词不定式短语to keep
an appointment with the friend of his youth作目的状语。
　　[8]with复合结构“with＋宾语＋过去分词短语（宾语补足
语）”作状语。
　　“Is that you， Bob？” he asked， doubtfully.
keep an appointment赴约，践约
collar n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
　　“Is that you， Jimmy Wells？” shouted the man in the doorway.
　　“Bless my heart！” cried the new arrival.“Well， well，
well！[9]Twenty years is a long time！How has the West treated you，
old man？”
　　“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed lots，
Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three inches .”
　　“Oh， I grew a bit after I was twenty.Come on， Bob；we’ll go
to a place I know and have a good long talk about old times.”
　　The two men walked up the street， arm in arm .The man from the
West was beginning to outline the history of his career.[10]At the
corner stood a drugstore， brilliant with electric lights.Each of them
turned to stare at the other’s face.The man from the West stopped
suddenly and released his arm.
　　[9]时间复数名词Twenty years作主语时，作为一个整体看待时，
谓语动词一般用单数形式。
　　[10]表示地点的介词短语At the corner置于句首，句子使用完全
倒装。形容词短语brilliant with electric lights用作后置定语；正常语序
为A drugstore， brilliant with electric lights， stood at the corner。
bless vt.（表示惊奇）；祝福
blessing n.祝福；幸运
blessed adj.有福的
inch n.英寸；少量，短距离
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
outline vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
　　“As I suspected ， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said，
impatiently with anger.[11]“Twenty years is a long time， but not long
enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”
　　“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one，” said the tall
man， taking charge of the situation.“You’ve been under arrest for
ten minutes，‘Silky’ Bob.Chicago police thought you might have
dropped over our way and wired us.They want to have a chat with
you.Before we go to the station， here’s a note for you.It’s from
Patrolman Wells.”
　　The man from the West unfolded the paper.The note was rather
short.
　　“Bob： I was at the appointed place on time .[12]When you
struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal
wanted in Chicago.Anyhow I couldn’t arrest you myself， so I got a
plain-clothes man to do the job.JIMMY. ”
　　（Adapted from O. Henry’s short story of the same title）
　　[11]句中long enough to change ... 为“形容词＋enough＋to do
sth”结构。
　　[12]句中When引导时间状语从句，动词不定式短语to light your
cigar用作目的状语；主句谓语动词saw之后接省略that的宾语从句it
was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago。
bless vt.（表示惊奇）；祝福
blessing n.祝福；幸运
blessed adj.有福的
inch n.英寸；少量，短距离
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
outline vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得
n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
take charge of 负责；控制，掌管
arrest n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
under arrest 被逮捕
wire vt.给（某人）打电 报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
on time 按时，准时
criminal n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
crime n.犯罪活动；不法行为
anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
plain-clothes adj.穿便衣的
【参考译文】
二十年后
　　当班巡逻的警察像往常一样沿街走着。差不多要到晚上十点了。
当他绕着一个街区走了大约一半时，突然放慢了脚步。一个男人站在
一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。当警察向他走来时，那个
男人立马大声开口说话了。
　　“没什么事，警官，”他说，“我只是在等一个朋友。这是二十
年前定下的一个约定。这家店的位置以前是一家餐馆——‘大乔’布
雷迪餐厅。”
　　“直到五年前它还在这里，”警察说，“后来被拆掉了。”
　　门口那个男人划了根火柴，点燃了雪茄。火光映出他苍白的脸，
他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的白色伤
疤。他的领带夹是一颗硕大的钻石，镶嵌得有些古怪。
　　“二十年前的今晚，”那个男人说，“我和我最好的朋友吉米·韦尔斯在这里吃饭。他和我就像兄弟俩。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发财。好吧，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们将再次在此相聚，不管我们的处境将会如何，也不管来的路程会有多远。我们觉得，二十年的时间里，我们两个都会拥有自己的生活，并且发家致富。”
　　“听起来很不错，”警察说，“不过两次会面间隔了相当长的时
间。自从你离开后，你难道没有收到过你朋友的信息？”
　　“哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。但是我知道如果吉
米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最
可靠的伙伴。他绝对不会忘的。我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能
站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。”　　等
待的男人掏出一块镶有小钻石的精致手表。还有三分钟就到十点了。
　　“我得走了，”警察说，“希望你的朋友出现。”
　　“我至少会再等他半小时。再见，警官。”
　　那个千里迢迢赶来与年少时的朋友赴约的男人抽着雪茄，等待
着。大约二十分钟后，一个高个子男人急匆匆地径直向他走来。那人
穿着一件长大衣，衣领竖着，翻到耳朵边。
　　“是你吗，鲍勃？”他迟疑地问道。
　　“是你吗，吉米·韦尔斯？”门口的男人喊道。
　　“老天保佑！”新来的人大声说，“啧，啧，啧！二十年可真久
啊！西部对你怎么样，老伙计？”
　　“它给了我想要的一切。你的变化不小啊，吉米。我根本没想到
你长高了两三英寸。”
　　“哦，二十岁过后我又长了点个儿。来吧，鲍勃，我们去一个我
知道的地方，好好叙叙旧。”
　　两个人臂挽着臂沿街走着。那个西部来的男人开始讲起他的事业
成功史。街拐角处有一家药店，电灯通明。两人都转过身来仔细看着
对方的脸。西部来的男人突然停了下来，松开了他的手臂。
　　“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地
说道，“二十年确实很长，但还没长到改变一个人鼻子的形状。”
　　“二十年的时间有时候会把一个好人变成坏人，”高个子男人一
边说着，一边掌控住了局势。“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍
勃。芝加哥警方料到你可能会顺道来我们这里，给我们发了电报。他
们想和你聊聊。在我们去警局之前，这还有张便条给你，是巡警韦尔
斯写的。”
　　那个西部来的男人展开了纸条。这张便条相当短。
　　“鲍勃：我准时到了约定的地点。你划火柴点雪茄时，我发现这
就是芝加哥被警方通缉的那个罪犯的脸。无论如何，我自己不忍心逮
捕你，所以我找了一位便衣警察来做这件事。吉米。”
　　 （改编自欧·亨利的同名短篇小说）
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill
in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. For what purpose did Bob travel to the West twenty years ago？（　　）
A. To make his fortune.
B. To meet his friend.
C. To enjoy the scenery.
D. To join the army.
2. What do we know about “Big Joe” Brady’s restaurant from the
passage？（　　）
A. It was run by Bob and Jimmy together.
B. It was still in business after twenty years.
C. It was a famous restaurant in the neighbourhood.
D. It was the place where Bob and Jimmy had promised to meet.
3. What can be inferred from the man’s words about Jimmy？（　　）
A. He felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy.
B. He firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person.
C. He and Jimmy never contacted each other before.
D. Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time.
4. When did Jimmy know Bob was the criminal wanted in Chicago？
（　　）
A. When Bob was arrested.
B. After they had a long chat.
C. When he saw Bob at the first sight.
D. When Bob struck a match to light his cigar.
5. What was Jimmy’s career？（　　）
A. He was a businessman.
B. He was a policeman.
C. He was a criminal.
D. He was a restaurant owner.
6. Why did the tall man turn up his collar to the ears？（　　）
A. Because it was too cold.
B. Because he didn’t want to see Bob.
C. Because he was afraid of seeing the policeman.
D. Because he didn’t want to be recognised by Bob.
7. What is Jimmy’s attitude towards Bob’s current situation？（　　）
A. Broken-hearted. B. Satisfied.
C. Indifferent. D. Optimistic.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
由barely联想-ly副词构词法
barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才“bare＋-ly”，
表示一种程度。
后缀 用法及意义 例词
-ly 加在形容
词之后 表示某种状态 cheerfully、slightly、simply、
possibly、excitedly
表示某个方面 economically、technically
表示程度或范围 completely、deeply、highly
后
缀 用法及意义 例词
-ly 加在形容
词之后 表示时间 recently、regularly、usually
表示次序 firstly、secondly
表示方向 eastwardly、northwardly
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
伏笔是文学创作中叙事的一种情节安排技巧，指作者对将要在作品
中出现的人物或事件，预先作的提示或暗示。伏笔用得好，可使全
文前后呼应，结构更严谨，情节发展更合理，前因后果更分明。
课文After Twenty Years的结尾既在意料之外，又在情理之中，
这是因为作者在文中早就埋下了伏笔。请从课文中找出使用伏
笔的句子。
（1）



（2）


The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The
light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a square jaw and a
little white scar near his right eyebrow.His scarfpin was a large
diamond， oddly set.　
“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed
lots， Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three
inches.”　
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
【教材原句】　It’s an appointment made twenty years ago.
这是二十年前定下的一个约定。
【用法】
（1）make/have an appointment with sb　 与某人约定/约会
keep/break an appointment　　守/违（爽）约
（2）appoint vt. 安排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委任
appoint sb as/to be ... 任命/委任某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 指定/委派某人做某事
（3）appointed adj.　　　　　约定的，指定的
at the appointed time/place　　在约定的时间/地点
【佳句】　A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper
time and never breaks an appointment.
一个守时的人有在适当的时间做一件事的习惯，从不违约。
【点津】　appointment表示“约会”时，通常用作可数名词；表示
“任命；任职”时，多为不可数名词。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Yesterday， Sam （appoint） as manager of the
engineering department.
②I was appointed （take） charge of arranging all the
activities on that day.
③At this time， the judge will appoint a court lawyer
（defend） the suspect if he can’t afford one.
④I regret to tell you that I can’t go for a walk together with you at
the （appoint） time this weekend.
was appointed　
to take　
to defend　
appointed　
【写美】　句式升级
⑤He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a
speech on the platform now.
→ ， he is giving a
speech on the platform now.（分词作状语）
Appointed as president of the university yesterday　
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
【教材原句】　But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for
he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.但是我知
道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最
真诚、最可靠的伙伴。
【用法】
（1）reliable sources　　可靠消息来源
reliable information　　可靠的信息
reliable quality　　质量可靠
（2）rely vi.　　依赖，依靠，信赖
rely on/upon sb/sth　　依靠/依赖/指望某人/某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth 依靠/依赖/指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that ...　相信/指望……（it为形式宾语，that从句是真
正的宾语）
（3）reliability n.　　可靠性
【佳句】　Actually， he is an honest and reliable person， whom you
can depend on.
实际上，他是一个诚实、可靠的人，你可以信赖他。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can rely on that he will stick to his own principles.
②Relying too much computers makes us lazier and less
creative both mentally and physically.
③Most working women have to rely on parents （look）
after their children.
④Everyone would agree that not all information on the Internet
is （rely）.
it　
on/upon　
to look　
reliable　
【写美】　句式升级
⑤You may rely on him to act like a decent guy.
→You may he may act like a decent guy.（it作
形式宾语）
rely on it that　
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉
快的
【教材原句】　I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway
tonight， and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up.我千里迢迢赶
过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切
都是值得的。
【用法】
值得做某事
（2）be worthy
（3）be worth
【佳句】　Though the book is a bit dear， it is worthwhile buying/to
buy it.
虽然这本书虽然有点贵，但值得买。
【点津】　（1）worth一般用作表语，其前可用程度副词well修饰，
不能用very修饰。be worth doing为主动形式表示被动意义；而worthy
和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
（2）worthy作定语修饰名词时，表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰
的”，作表语时表示“值得（或应得）……的”。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①These stories in this column are worthy of （read），
because they can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
②Even though you disagree with the principles， they are still
worth （listen） to.
being read　
listening　
【写美】　一句多译
③这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
→The reference book ， because it is a great help for
your study.（worth）
→The reference book ， because it is a great
help for your study.（worthy）
→The reference book ， because it is a
great help for your study.（worthy）
→ the reference book， because it is a
great help for your study.（worthwhile）
is worth buying　
is worthy to be bought　
is worthy of being bought　
It is worthwhile buying/to buy　
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
【教材原句】　“As I suspected， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he
said， impatiently with anger.
“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地
说道。
【用法】
（1）suspect （that）...　 　怀疑/认为……
suspect ... of （doing/having done） sth　　怀疑……（做了）某事
suspect sb/sth as/to be ... 　　怀疑某人/某物是……
（2）suspicious adj.　　怀疑的；可疑的
be suspicious of/about　　对……怀疑
（3）suspicion n.　　怀疑，可疑；嫌疑
【佳句】　—Do you think she’ll have told them？
—I suspect not/so.
——你认为她会不会已经告诉他们了？
——我想不会/会的。
【联想】　用于“动词＋sb/sth＋of ...”结构的常用动词还有
inform、advise、remind、cure、heal、warn、convince、accuse、
relieve、rid、rob等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Anyone suspected drunk driving should be stopped and take an
alcohol test.
②If you see something （suspect）， inform the police at
once.
of　
suspicious　
【写美】　句型转换/句式升级
③We suspect that he is ill， for we haven’t seen him for a long time.
→We ， for we haven’t seen him for a long
time.
④Because she was suspected of being involved in the attempted murder，
she was questioned by the police.
→ ， she was
questioned by the police.（过去分词短语作状语）
suspect him to be ill　
Suspected of being involved in the attempted murder　
under arrest 被逮捕
【教材原句】　“You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes，
‘Silky’ Bob ...” “你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃……”
【用法】
under attack　　受到袭击，受到攻击
under control　　处于控制之下，被控制住
under threat　　受到威胁
under pressure　　在压力下，承受压力
under construction　　正在建设之中
under discussion　　在讨论之中
【佳句】　The man was under arrest on suspicion of murder.
这个男人因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
【练透】　根据汉语提示完成句子
①When an animal is （受到攻击）， it can run away
or fight back.
②The fire is still burning but it is （被控制住） now.
③Tropical rainforests are （受到威胁）because of
global climate change and human activities.
④Put your hands in the air. You’re （被逮捕了）.
under attack　
under control　
under threat　
under arrest　
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
【教材原句】　The light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a
square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.火光映出他苍白
的脸，他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的
白色伤疤。
【用法】
be keen to do sth　 　　渴望做某事
be keen on ...　　喜爱；对……着迷/有兴趣
have a keen interest in ...　　对……有强烈兴趣
have a keen eye for ...　　对……有敏锐的眼光
【佳句】　She has a keen eye for talent.她慧眼识才。
I got quite keen on the idea.
我对这个想法产生了极大的兴趣。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They are keen （get） the negotiating process back on the
rails as soon as possible.
②She doesn’t likes Biology， but she’s very keen Physics.
③He politics and current affairs.
他对政治和时事极感兴趣。
to get　
on　
takes a keen interest in　
lose contact失去联系
【教材原句】　Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we
lost contact.
哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。
【用法】
（1）contact vt.　　联络，联系
n.　　联系；接触
contact sb at ...　　通过……与某人联系
（2）get in/make contact with　　与……取得联系
lose contact with　　与……失去联系
keep in contact with　　与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with　　与……有/没有联系
【佳句】　I got in/made contact with the soldier ten years ago， so we
have stayed/kept in contact with each other for ten years.In my view，
we will never lose contact with each other again.
我十年前和这位士兵取得联系，因此我们已经彼此联系十年了。 在我
看来，我们再也不会失去联系了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Whenever I have difficulty with my studies，
（contact） my teachers is what I will do first.
②Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact someone
who shares your interests.
contacting　
with　
【写美】　完成句子
③If you want to know more details about the activity，
123456543@.
如果你想了解这个活动的更多细节，请通过123456543@联系
李华。
④The Internet helps me my friends.
互联网帮助我与朋友们保持联系。
please contact
Li Hua at　
keep in contact with　
innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无
辜者，单纯的人
【教材原句】　How I wish he were innocent！我多么希望他是无
辜的！
【用法】
（1）be innocent （of sth） ... ……是无辜的
an innocent child一个天真无邪的孩子
（2）innocence n. 　　天真；单纯；无罪
（3）innocently adv.　　纯洁地；无罪地
【佳句】　Under the law， everyone is considered innocent until proved
guilty.
根据法律，所有人在证实有罪前都被认为是清白的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①“Have I done anything wrong？” she asked
（innocent）.
②He firmly believes that she is innocent the crime.
③Her （innocent） and frankness when being interviewed
added to her appeal.
innocently　
of　
innocence　
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】　In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit
cigar in his mouth.
一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
【用法】
常见的完全倒装的情况：
（1）表示地点的介词短语置于句首强调地点概念，谓语动词为be、
stand、lie、hang、come、walk、sit等不及物动词，且句子的主语是
名词时。
（2）There be句型。其中be可以换为exist、lie、live、stand、remain
等动词。
（3）副词here、there、now、then等置于句首，谓语动词是be、
come、go等，且句子的主语是名词时。
（4）表示运动方向的副词in、out、up、down、away、off、back、
over等置于句首，谓语动词是come、go、follow、rush、run、fly等表
示运动的不及物动词，且句子的主语是名词时。
【品悟】　Out of the cave rushed a tiger.
一只老虎从山洞里冲出来。
Present at the concert were many famous actors.
很多著名的演员都出席了音乐会。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
【点津】　（1）在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数
保持一致。
（2）完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则用正
常语序。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman， in front of whose
house .
从前有一位贫穷的老渔夫，他的房子前面有一条河。
②In front of our school with a long history.
我们学校前面矗立着一座历史悠久的塔。
③Then at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
lay a river　
stands a tower　
came the final awards ceremony　
④Once upon a time known by the name of Hua
Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
⑤Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the
garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school
.（完全倒装句；非限制性
定语从句）
there lived a doctor　
lies our library， which is between
the garden and the teaching building　
⑥The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the
waiting class.
→Into the complete silence of the waiting class
.
came the teacher’s
sweet voice　
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. She could see that her hair had grown by perhaps half an i .
2. Because the d is absorbing blue light， it appears yellow in
ordinary light.
3. The man who was wearing a d black cloth suit was Jenny’s
father.
nch　
iamond　
ecent　
4. He often conflicted with his colleagues， so he decided on r
from his job.
5. It is w to preserve ancient civilizations for future
generations.
6. When the war broke out， someone had cut the phone （电
线）.
7. Gleason denied any involvement in （犯法的） activity
and was released.
esigning　
orthwhile　
wires　
criminal　
8. She was wearing a red dress with a small white bow on the
（衣领）.
9. He made an （概述） of his views and would present it at
the meeting.
10. The organization works on the （法则） that all
members have the same rights.
collar　
outline　
principle　
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Yet the truth of the matter is：I feel lonely.I’m （bare）
the only person who feels this way.
2. His （appoint） as headmaster of the school was
announced just now.
3. To be honest， the experience left her （scar） for life.
4. Car park owners should be （legal） responsible for
protecting vehicles.
barely　
appointment　
scarred　
legally　
5. The police arrested a 25-year-old man at the scene on
（suspect） of murder.
6. We are looking for someone who is （rely） and hard-
working.
7. If someone is （innocence）， it means he did not
commit a crime which he has been accused of.
suspicion　
reliable　
innocent　
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 在美丽的田野里流淌着一条小河，沿河矗立着一些树。（完全
倒装）
In the beautiful field ； along the river
.
2. 每天晚饭后那对夫妇都会臂挽着臂沿着这条河散步。（arm in
arm）
The couple after dinner every day.
flows a small river　
stand
some trees　
walk along the river arm in arm　
3. 不管有多困难，我都要追求我的梦想。（“no matter＋疑问词”引
导的让步状语从句）
， I will pursue my dream.
4. 苏醒过来后，他发现自己在一个病房里。（find＋宾语＋宾语
补足语）
When he came to himself， he .
5. 它是一栋由古罗马人建造的房屋。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
It is a house .
No matter how difficult it is　
found himself in a ward　
built by the Romans　
6. 我变得足够有信心去挑战好的网球选手了。（“形容词/副词＋
enough＋to do sth”结构）
I became the good tennis players.
confident enough to challenge　
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
　　A policeman on the beat walked along the street as usual.When he
saw a man 1. （stand） in the doorway of a store， who was
waiting for his friend， Jimmy， he suddenly slowed down.It was an
2. （appoint） made two decades ago.The man struck a
match and lit his cigar，
standing　
appointment　
3. showed a pale face.The man said he and his friend agreed that
they would meet 4. （exact） twenty years later， no matter
what their conditions might be or what distance they might have to come
from.The man was convinced that Jimmy would come for he was the
truest and the 5. （reliable） fellow.About twenty
minutes later， a tall man in a long overcoat， with collar
which　
exactly　
most reliable　
6. （turn） up to his ears， hurried toward him.They greeted each
other.However， that tall man took charge of the situation and told him
that he had been 7. arrest for ten minutes.He said Chicago
police had wired 8. （they）.The tall man gave him a note from
Jimmy， from which he knew that Jimmy was just 9. policeman，
and he was at the appointed place on time.After he had known the man
was the criminal， Jimmy got a plain-clothes man 10.
（arrest） him.
turned　
under　
them　
the　
to arrest　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　I’ve been keeping an honesty journal for the past several
months.The day I started the journal， my 6-year-old daughter asked me
if the cat really went to sleep last year.I sighed， wondering if I should
wait to start this honesty project until she was grown-up.But I braved it
and told her that yes， I had made the choice for him to die， because he
was suffering.She lost interest about halfway through my explanation.
　　It struck me that the choice to lie or be honest was often a choice
between two equally undesirable things.Telling my daughter the truth did
not make me happier， but lying wouldn’t have either.
　　Overall， I found that I struggled more with the small instances of
honesty， rather than the big.So， when a client accidentally paid me
twice for a project， there was no internal debate.It was $1，000， so
obviously， I notified the client.But when the McDonald’s drive-
through cashier gave me an extra dollar in change and the line had been so
long and my kids were acting crazy in the back seat ...it was a different
story.Even though I gave the dollar back， I almost didn’t.
　　Even though honesty felt like a struggle， I started to like how it
felt.When I was more honest， I tended to feel better about my
relationships and myself.I like the saying， “Everybody wants the
truth， but nobody wants to be honest.” I didn’t always want to be
honest.But I wanted the truth， and this focus on honesty helped me feel
that I was doing my part.
　　The bottom line is that focusing on honesty is a way to actively
engage with the world， instead of passively complaining about it.It
might even make you feel as if you have gold in your brain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我
们：关注诚实可以让人更快乐。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我
们：关注诚实可以让人更快乐。
1. How did the author’s daughter react to her explanation？（　　）
A. She paid little attention to it.
B. She thought it was incredible.
C. She praised the author for her bravery.
D. She would rather the author lied to her.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者的女儿在
她解释到一半时就已经失去了兴趣。
2. What lesson did the author learn from the cat event？（　　）
A. Honesty could make people happier.
B. Lying to a little child seemed wrong.
C. Lying and honesty were a tricky pair.
D. Honesty should come before lying.
解析：　推理判断题。文章第一段提到那只猫，作者在第二段中
由此发出感慨：the choice to lie or be honest was often a choice
between two equally undesirable things，紧接着又进一步做出了
Telling my daughter the truth did not make me happier， but lying
wouldn’t have either.的解释。由此可知，作者认为诚实让自己不
开心，但撒谎也不会让自己开心。因此，C项中的tricky pair描述了
诚实和撒谎之间微妙的关系。
3. What does the author want to show by mentioning her McDonald’s
experience？（　　）
A. It’s crazy to choose to be honest.
B. People are likely to have two characters.
C. It’s the small instances that test one’s honesty.
D. People tend to ignore honesty concerning small things.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段中的I struggled more with the
small instances of honesty， rather than the big可知，作者提到自己
在麦当劳的买餐经历，就是为了说明当涉及小事时，人们往往容易
忽略诚实。本段采用了对比的写作手法，将客户重复支付的1000美
元（数额大→大事）和麦当劳多找零的an extra dollar（数额小→小
事）进行对比说明主题。
4. What is the author’s opinion on honesty？（　　）
A. It is impossible to expect it.
B. It is good to focus on it.
C. It is reasonable to popularize it.
D. It is hard to learn from it.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后两段中的I started to like how it
felt、I tended to feel better、this focus on honesty helped me feel that I
was doing my part以及make you feel as if you have gold in your brain
可知，作者认为关注诚实有好处。
B
　　There has been intense public debate within the Australian community
over a horse racing event advertised on Australia’s most iconic
building， the Sydney Opera House.While some believe that the Opera
House is the city’s “biggest billboard （大幅广告牌）” and should be
used for economic gain， others are shocked that the government has
allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding.
　　As a UNESCO World Heritage Site， the Sydney Opera House is an
iconic Australian building that is recognised all over the world and one of
the country’s most frequently visited tourist attractions.In the past， the
Opera House has been used to promote a handful of charities， cultural
festivals， etc.However， these have aimed to highlight issues or events
in the public interest， not a single profiting brand.
　　Some have argued that branding on the sails of the Opera House is
just like advertising on any other billboard or marketing space with the
power to significantly boost tourism and growth.While this may be true，
if advertising continues to happen， the Opera House could risk losing its
reputation， which could devalue the landmark and actually damage its
tourism appeal.
　　Although iconic landmarks around the world such as the Eiffel Tower
and Moscow’s Red Square have been used for advertising， they also
caused some arguments among the public.For instance， a major fashion
brand placed a giant 2-storey branded suitcase in the centre of Moscow’s
Red Square； however， it was removed shortly after as tourists
complained it was so big that it blocked views of major landmark
sites.The advertisement caused arguments among the public and finally
failed to leave a positive impact.
　　So what will advertising on the Opera House look like to international
tourists？ Will they be amazed and drawn to visit a wonderful country，
or will they see advertising as reducing the cultural value of a national
icon？ How would you react if you saw a marketing campaign on the Taj
Mahal？ We think it’s clear that our national treasures deserve the respect
and admiration that comes with them， and advertising should be limited
to important causes， not campaigns for commercial gain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一场在悉尼歌剧院举办的商业推广
活动引发了公众的热议。作者认为人们应当尊重和赞赏国家的瑰
宝，而不是通过它获取经济利益。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一场在悉尼歌剧院举办的商业推广
活动引发了公众的热议。作者认为人们应当尊重和赞赏国家的瑰
宝，而不是通过它获取经济利益。
5. What caused heated discussion among the public in Australia？（　　）
A. The Sydney Opera House was used for business advertising.
B. A horse racing event was held around the Sydney Opera House.
C. Australia’s biggest billboard was fixed to the Sydney Opera House.
D. The Australian government ignored pollution around the Sydney Opera
House.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，悉尼歌剧院为一场
赛马比赛打广告引起了很大的争议。一些人认为歌剧院应该用于获
取经济利益，另外一些人则对政府批准将国家级地标用于商业宣传
感到震惊。
6. What can we learn about the previous advertising activities at the
Sydney Opera House？（　　）
A. They brought great economic benefits.
B. They were designed to entertain tourists.
C. They caught great international attention.
D. They focused on the wellbeing of the general public.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，从前在悉尼歌
剧院举办的活动都是公益活动，与单个品牌的收益无关。
7. Why does the author mention the example of Moscow’s Red Square？
（　　）
A. To show different business promotions in tourist attractions.
B. To show the negative effects of advertising on iconic landmarks.
C. To explain how fashion companies benefit from tourist attractions.
D. To explain why tourists dislike large billboards at iconic landmarks.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的最后一句可知，作
者提及莫斯科红场的例子是为了说明将著名景点用于商业宣传，最
终只会给景点带来负面影响。
8. What is the author’s attitude towards the event mentioned in
Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Favourable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为人
们应该尊重和赞赏国家瑰宝，而不是利用它们获取经济利益。由此
可推知，作者对在悉尼歌剧院举办的商业推广活动持反对意见。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　When you hear the word “integrity”， it can feel weighty.In
simple words， integrity means sticking to values and morals.9.（　　）
So let’s get started.
　　You build better relationships.
　　10. （　　） The best benefit of having integrity is because you are
honest with whomever you meet， you build effective relationships with
others， including your family and your classmates.When you have
integrity， you will naturally get high-quality relationships.
　　Your credibility （信誉） increases.
　　Without question integrity increases your credibility a lot.11.
（　　） It is in people’s nature to believe in someone who has moral
values and ethics （道德标准）.You basically become a man of your
word.
　　Your level of confidence increases.
　　When you have integrity， your level of confidence automatically
increases.Without integrity， you will find it uncomfortable to be honest
with yourself， so it’s hard to figure out just where you are within
yourself.Naturally， your self-confidence drops.12.（　　）
　　You get leadership skills.
　　When people start trusting you， you get leadership abilities.13.
（　　） Leadership is not only one of the finest qualities that a person
can possess， but also an important life skill that youth should learn in
their development.
A. When you have integrity， you sleep well at night.
B. Integrity is very important to improving your relationships.
C. People start putting their trust in you when you have integrity.
D. A person with integrity becomes a natural inspiration to others.
E. All in all， integrity makes you feel very sure about the person you
are.
F. In order to get success in life， one should know why integrity is
important.
G. This is the reason why you will see that most leaders are people who
have integrity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诚实正直的品质在生活
中很重要的几个原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诚实正直的品质在生活
中很重要的几个原因。
9. F　上文介绍了诚实正直的含义，下面几段介绍了拥有诚实正直的
品质在生活中很重要的几个原因，故F项符合语境。
10. B　根据本段小标题“你会建立更好的关系”可知，B项（诚实正
直的品质对于改善人际关系非常重要）符合语境。B项中的
relationships与小标题中的relationships以及空后两次出现的
relationships构成原词复现。
11. C　设空处前一句说明诚实正直的品质会大大提高你的信誉，设
空处后一句指出信任拥有道德价值和标准的人是人类的天性。因此，
C项（如果你拥有诚实正直的价值观，人们就会开始信任你）符合语
境。C项中的trust与上文中的credibility和下文中的believe in相呼应。
12. E　上文指出如果你是一个诚实正直的人，那么你的自信心自然
会变强。反之，自信心就会下降。因此，E项（总之，诚实正直的品
质能让你对自己充满信心）符合语境。E项中的feel very sure about the
person you are与空前的self-confidence相呼应。
13. G　上文说明当人们开始信任你时，你就拥有了领导力。下文指
出领导力不仅仅是最优秀的品质之一，也是年轻人在成长过程中应该
学习的一项重要生活技能。因此，G项（这就是为什么你会发现大多
数领导者都是诚实正直的人）符合语境。G项中的leaders与设空处前
后均出现的leadership相呼应。(共92张PPT)
单元质量检测（一）
Honesty and responsibility
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do tonight？（　　）
A. Go to a concert.
B. Do some reading.
C. Visit her professor.
2. How will the woman go to Chicago？（　　）
A. By air.
B. By car.
C. By train.
3. What is probably the man？（　　）
A. A hotel clerk.
B. A shop keeper.
C. A waiter.
4. What does the man think Kate will like？（　　）
A. A book.
B. A CD.
C. A concert ticket.
5. Where does the man want to go？（　　）
A. A bank.
B. A shopping mall.
C. A post office.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How often does Linda have yoga classes？（　　）
A. Once a week.
B. Twice a week.
C. Three times a week.
7. What may the two speakers do this Sunday afternoon？（　　）
A. Do some exercise.
B. See a movie.
C. Work together.
8. What will the man do this afternoon？（　　）
A. Hand in his homework.
B. Go out with the woman.
C. Do math and physics homework.
9. What day is it today？（　　）
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
10. What did the man just do？（　　）
A. He kicked a rubbish bin.
B. He bought some bottled water.
C. He threw away a plastic bottle.
11. What does the woman usually do to protect the Earth？（　　）
A. Reuse the old things.
B. Collect plastic bottles.
C. Sort the rubbish.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
12. What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers？
（　　）
A. Teacher and student.
B. Classmates.
C. Friends.
13. What does the woman want the man to do？（　　）
A. Go to her birthday party.
B. Invite some friends to a party.
C. Help organise a birthday party.
14. When does the man plan to visit the woman on Friday？（　　）
A. About 7：30 p.m.
B. About 8：00 p.m.
C. About 8：30 p.m.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
15. What will the man do on Friday？（　　）
A. Bring some drinks.
B. Prepare a cake.
C. Play the piano.
16. What is the man busy with？（　　）
A. A speech. B. His study. C. A report.
17. For whom may the language learning class aim？（　　）
A. People starting to work.
B. People retiring from work.
C. People wanting to travel abroad.
18. What did the members do first in class？（　　）
A. Writing down some words.
B. Talking in English.
C. Pronouncing words.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
19. What may impress the speaker most in the English class？（　　）
A. The pleasant class atmosphere.
B. The friendly members.
C. The learned teacher.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about？（　　）
A. Her English learning experience.
B. A way to learn English well.
C. Benefits of learning English.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， Mary， what about going to a concert tonight？
W：Sorry， John， I’m afraid I can’t. My professor asked me to
finish reading the book tonight.
（Text 2）
M：Susan， I have heard you’re going to Chicago the day after
tomorrow. Will you go there by plane？
W：No， I think it is too expensive. So I’ll take a train instead of taking
a flight.
M：That would be a very long trip.
（Text 3）
M：May I take your order now， madam？
W：No. I’m still waiting for a friend. So I’ll just keep reading the
menu. I’ll let you know when we’re ready to order.
M：OK.
（Text 4）
W：Kate’s birthday is coming. How about buying her a CD or a concert
ticket？
M：I don’t think she will like that. A book may be a nice gift， because
she loves reading.
（Text 5）
M：Excuse me， could you please tell me where I can post the package？
W：Yes， go past the shopping mall and turn right at the first cross， and
you will find the place next to a bank.
（Text 6）
M：Hey， Linda， are you free after work？
W：No. I will have a yoga class from 7：30 p.m. to 9：00 p.m.
M：Oh. When did you start learning yoga？
W：Last month. You know， I am a little fat and doing yoga can keep me
in shape. I take classes on every Wednesday and Friday evening and
Saturday morning at the fitness centre.
M：That sounds good. So what about going to the cinema this Sunday
afternoon？ It is said that the latest film is pretty wonderful.
W：That’s great！
（Text 7）
M：Karen， have you finished all your homework？
W：Not yet. I spent the whole morning doing math homework. It was
just too difficult for me. Then I had no time to do physics homework and
history homework. What about you？
M：I’ve only finished the history homework. So will you do your
homework this afternoon？
W：Of course. It’s Monday tomorrow. We should hand in all the
homework.
M：How about doing the rest of the homework together at your home？
W：Good idea.
（Text 8）
W：Don’t throw the plastic water bottle on the ground， Jack. Put it in
the rubbish bin.
M：OK. I know.
W：The plastic will pollute the Earth. My teacher said that it’s
everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
M：That’s true. But what can we do？
W：There are many things we can do， like using reusable products and
taking public transportation. I usually keep plastic bottles， food cans and
so on for future use.
M：I see， you really do a good job.
W：But that is not enough. We should call on more people to join us.
M：Yes. I will tell this to my classmates and other friends.
W：Great. If everyone takes action， our earth will be more and more
beautiful.
M：I totally agree.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Henry. This is Jennifer calling.
M：Hi， Jennifer. How is everything going？
W：Very well. Hey， actually， I am calling because it’s my birthday
this Friday. I was wondering if you would come to my birthday party.
M：Of course I’ll come. But what time？
W：It’s 7：30 p.m. Is that OK？
M：I’m afraid I cannot make it on time. My workplace is a bit far from
your home. But I’m sure I can get there 30 minutes later.
W：That’s fine.
M：Good. Do you want me to bring something， like a cake or some
drinks？
W：No， you don’t have to. But I do want you to play the piano for a
while at the party.
M：That’s OK. Oh， I must hang up now. I should get back to work. I
have to finish a report today.
W：OK. See you this Friday.
M：See you then.
（Text 10）
W：I didn’t learn English well at school. So after I started working， I
went to take an English course in a language learning center. There were
fifteen members like me in my class and we had an English lesson from
7：00 p.m. to 9：00 p.m. every Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher
entered the classroom， the lesson began. We usually started it by
pronouncing different words. Then we were usually invited to the
blackboard by the teacher to write down some words. After that we usually
talked with each other in English in groups.
During the lesson we spoke mostly English， but sometimes when the
students didn’t understand the teacher or the task in the textbook， we
spoke Chinese， our mother tongue. What I liked best of the English
lessons was the happy and friendly environment of the class. The funny
jokes were always welcomed. Thanks to my one-year-long study there， I
made much progress in English. Now I can speak English well with those
I work with.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
Dance Classes for Kids Near Me
　　Search Dance Class for Kids near me， and Twist N Turns is the best
you could get.
What does Dance Class for Kids offer at Twist N Turns？
　　Jazz dance and street dance.
What is the application process？
　　Applications are accepted throughout the year.The course will run for
only four terms.To apply one must visit our center and fill in the
application form with one passport-size photo， the birth certificate along
with the $50 application fee.
What is the course structure？
　　The dance course for kids is for 3.5 to 12 years， divided into three
groups：Toddlers （3.5－5 years）， Kids （6－8 years） and Tweens
（9－12 years）.
　　For below 5 years， we teach creative movement， which is
basically the pre-dance class， a way for children to explore movement
through music， develop physical skills， and stimulate imagination.
　　The advanced course includes body awareness， strength，
conditioning， space awareness， expressions， and musicality.
　　At the end of the course， all students have to appear for a
performance test in the studio， where they have to demonstrate
moves.Then， the kids are selected and promoted to improvers or
advanced classes， depending on their skill and level of performance.Not
all kids make it to the next level.
What are the rules？
　　80％ attendance is required.Students have to come in
uniform.Also， refer to Dance Etiquette （礼仪）.
Are certificates provided？
　　The certificate is awarded to students on an internal examination basis
conducted after the completion of the course.To attain the certificate one
must go to a minimum of 39 classes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则舞蹈课程的招生简章。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则舞蹈课程的招生简章。
21. What should a boy bring to apply for a dance course？（　　）
A. His passport. B. His family photo.
C. His application form. D. His birth certificate.
解析：　细节理解题。根据What is the application process？部
分中的第三句可知，如要申请该舞蹈课程，申请者必须去中心填
写申请表，并携带一张护照大小的照片、出生证明及50美元的申
请费。
22. What do toddlers learn in the dance course？（　　）
A. Creative movement. B. Body awareness.
C. Space awareness. D. Musicality.
解析：　细节理解题。根据What is the course structure？部分
中的Toddlers （3.5－5 years）和For below 5 years， we teach
creative movement可知，五岁以下的儿童会学习创意形体。
23. What is required of a student to get a certificate？（　　）
A. Winning an internal award.
B. Attending at least 39 classes.
C. Knowing dance etiquette well.
D. Getting an A on the performance test.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Are certificates provided？部分中的
To attain the certificate one must go to a minimum of 39 classes.可
知，如要获得证书，学生必须至少上39节课。
B
　　It’s a little before 8 am when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side
door at Chicago’s Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts.He walks
down the hall towards the office to sign in.It’s the same routine he’s
had as Jenner’s art teacher for nearly a quarter century.“It’s going to
be a good day，” a colleague calls out.“It’s a good day.” They
hug.It seems like a typical Friday — except that it’s not.After 23 years
at Jenner Elementary，Schergen is retiring.Even on his last day， there
are still art projects to finish.
　　Schergen leaves behind a rich legacy at this school.He’s won grants
（拨款） for art projects.He turned an empty classroom into a
museum.He’s pushed his students to make art about their lives.And he
was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in
Chicago.But it wasn’t always easy.For years， Schergen taught in one
of the city’s toughest neighbourhoods.“When I first got my room，I
noticed there were bullet holes in the window.That made me nervous，”
he says.So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of
funny”.“I didn’t even tell my wife for a whole year，” he says.“I
didn’t want her to know.”
　　With one hour to go， Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the
floor.He cleans out the sink for the last time.Fifth-grader Deontae
Barnes， one of his best helpers， has watched him say goodbye all
day.He wanders in the doorway.“Ah， come here， son，” Schergen
says， signaling him over.He bends down for a hug.“Thank you for
making these last days special and being a help to me.”
　　When Deontae leaves， a reporter asks Schergen，“When your kids
ask why you’re retiring， what do you tell them？” “I just tell them
that grown people have dreams too，” he says.“I have other things in
my life I have to do.It’s time.It’s just time.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位令人尊敬的小
学艺术老师在退休前最后一天仍然尽职尽责的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位令人尊敬的小
学艺术老师在退休前最后一天仍然尽职尽责的故事。
24. Why is it a special Friday for Schergen？（　　）
A. He was retiring on that day.
B. He won an honor for his school.
C. He was interviewed by a reporter.
D. He received a Golden Apple award.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二、三句可知，对
Schergen来说这个周五是特别的，因为那天他就要退休了。
25. What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
（　　）
A. Art projects.
B. Great achievements.
C. Respect from students.
D. Change in teaching.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据下文Schergen为学校所作出的贡献、
给学校带来的荣誉可知，画线词意为“巨大的成就”。
26. What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school？
（　　）
A. Safety concerns in the school.
B. The poorly-equipped classroom.
C. Being misunderstood by his family.
D. Students’ poor academic performance.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I first got my
room，I noticed there were bullet holes in the window.That
made me nervous，” he says.可知，有弹孔的窗户说明学校
存在安全问题，因此Schergen第一天到学校时，学校的安全问
题让他很紧张。
27. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. A Typical Day for an Art Teacher
B. Time for Art Projects
C. A Teacher’s Final Day at School
D. The Last Art Class
解析：　标题归纳题。根据第一段最后两句以及下文对Schergen
职业生涯的回顾以及离开学校前的举动的描述可知，本文主要讲
述了一位小学艺术老师退休前最后一天上班的情景。因此C项为
本文最佳标题。
C
　　If asked to guess what under-25-year-olds are listening to， it’s
unlikely that many of us would suggest orchestral music.And yet a recent
survey found that 74％ of UK residents aged under 25 were likely to be
tuning in to just that at holiday time， compared with a mere 46％ of
people aged 55 or more.This reflects the widespread increase in the
popularity of classical music in general， particularly among younger
generations.There are plenty of reasons for this， but perhaps high on the
list is the global wave of young classical artists who are finding new ways
to be seen and heard.Unsurprisingly， social media has played a huge part
in this.
　　For French violinist Esther Abrami， the journey to social media
arose from a desire to share her passion for music more widely.“I was
studying at a top institution and most of the time I was practising for
exams， so the whole joy of sharing was taken away.Then， at the very
few concerts I did play， there was a very specific type of audience that
wasn’t very diverse，” Abrami says.“I was amazed by the reaction I
got.It opened this door to a completely new world.”
　　Nigerian-US baritone （男中音） and lifelong hip-hop （嘻哈文
化） fan Babatunde Akinboboye enjoyed a similarly rapid and surprising
rise to social media fame when he posted a video of himself singing
Rossini’s famous aria （咏叹调） “Largo al factotum” over the top of
Kendrick Lamar’s song “Humble”.“I was in my car and I realised
that the two pieces worked together musically， so I started singing on top
of the beat，” he says.Soon after he posted the video， his brand of
“hip-hopera” caught the attention of top American shows and Time
magazine.
　　Classical music has a long way to go to grow as much as other genres
（种类） of music， but it’s moving forward.As Akinboboye
mentions，“Opera is definitely becoming a lot more daring， and I hope
this continues because I think we can catch up.Classical music needs to be
brave， to do the scary thing.And it’ll work out because audiences are
ready.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当下英国年轻人对古典
音乐的喜爱。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当下英国年轻人对古典
音乐的喜爱。
28. What does Paragraph 1 tell us about most young people in the UK？
（　　）
A. They like holiday-themed music.
B. They tend to enjoy orchestral music.
C. They think highly of classical artists.
D. They listen to music on social media.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，一项最新调查
表明，74％的25岁以下英国居民会在假期收听管弦乐，而55岁及
以上的居民中，这一比例仅为46％。由此可知，多数的英国年轻
人喜欢管弦乐。
29. Why did Esther Abrami start posting videos on social media？（　　）
A. To advertise her concerts.
B. To reach a wider audience.
C. To relieve her academic pressure.
D. To satisfy her curiosity about social media.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Esther Abrami之所
以开启了社交媒体之旅，是因为她想更广泛地分享她对音乐的热
爱。在之前参加的几场演奏会上，她只能接触到特定类型的观
众，并不多样化。由此可知，她想接触到更广大的观众。
30. What made Babatunde Akinboboye’s video famous？（　　）
A. His beautiful singing voice.
B. His artistic skill in editing videos.
C. His playful mix of hip-hop and opera.
D. His well-designed music performance.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在Babatunde
Akinboboye 上传的视频中，他踩着嘻哈歌手Kendrick Lamar 歌曲
的节拍，唱起了著名的歌剧Largo al factotum。这个视频让他的
“嘻哈歌剧”在社交媒体上迅速蹿红，引起了美国顶级节目和
《时代》杂志的关注。由此可知，Babatunde Akinboboye 之所以
出名，是因为他将嘻哈和歌剧巧妙地结合在一起。
31. What is Babatunde Akinboboye’s attitude to classical music’s
future？（　　）
A. Worried. B. Curious.
C. Uncaring. D. Positive.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的As Akinboboye
mentions ...audiences are ready.可知，Babatunde Akinboboye对古
典音乐的未来持有积极的态度。
D
　　The Namib Desert， on the Atlantic coast of southwest Africa， is
one of the driest places in the world.It is also one of the world’s oldest
deserts， having been arid for an estimated 55－80 million years.At first
glance， much of the Namib environment appears to consist of a barren
moonscape of nothing but sand and rock， but it is home to unique life
forms that have adapted to life with little water in fascinating ways.
　　One example is Onymacris unguicularis， commonly known as the
fog-basking beetle （雾姥甲虫）.This beetle obtains water from the
frequent morning fogs that occur in the region.During a fog， the beetle
climbs to the top of a dune， and positions itself facing the wind with its
head down and back legs up， as if it is standing on its head.When the fog
hits its body， it turns into tiny drops of water which gather and then run
down its back to its mouthparts.In this way， the beetle is able to survive
in the severe conditions.
　　This isn’t simply of interest to entomologists， however， but also
to designers， engineers， and chemists.One group of researchers was
inspired to examine the surface of the fog-basking beetle’s rough， dark-
coloured back more closely.What they found was a pattern of peaks and
troughs （沟槽）， so droplets were caught and built up on the peaks
until their weight caused them to fall into the smooth troughs and be
channeled quickly down towards the beetle’s mouth.The research group
is now working to recreate the effect， which they think will have
numerous applications， not only for efficiently extracting water from fog
but also in manufacturing.
　　This is only one example of biomimicry — where humans look to
nature for a rich source of ideas for technological innovations with the aim
of solving complex problems.An early example includes Leonardo da
Vinci’s flying machines which were based on careful observations of
birds in flight.Today biomimicry is informing design in areas ranging from
looking at the feet of frogs to study adhesion （黏着力）， to the
structure of butterfly wings is order to develop new pigments （颜料）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自然界的生物可以为人类的科技创
新带来灵感。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自然界的生物可以为人类的科技创
新带来灵感。
32. What does the underlined word “arid” in Paragraph 1 mean？
（　　）
A. Quite empty. B. Very flat.
C. Quite amazing. D. Very dry.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的It is also one of the
world’s oldest deserts可知，画线词的意思是“非常干的”。
33. What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about the fog-basking beetle？
（　　）
A. How it absorbs nutrients from sand.
B. How it stands out in the desert.
C. How it gets water in the desert.
D. How it deals with a foggy day.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要介绍
了雾姥甲虫是如何在沙漠中获取水分，从而得以存活的。
34. Why did the researchers study the fog-basking beetle？（　　）
A. To improve its habitat.
B. To expand research field.
C. To find inspiration for something useful.
D. To reduce its influence on other species.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究者们为
了寻找灵感，所以研究雾姥甲虫。
35. What does the author want to convey by mentioning different animals
in the last paragraph？（　　）
A. Humans can learn from the natural world.
B. The Namib Desert needs urgent protection.
C. Technological innovation needs sharp observation.
D. There’s a link between biodiversity and advanced technology.
解析：　推理判断题。最后一段首句起承上启下的作用，是对
后面内容的总述。因此，作者提到多种动物是为了说明人类可以
向自然界学习。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Every plant has a place in the ecosystem.Rare plants support insects
that need them to survive.They contribute to global biodiversity that is the
cornerstone of resilience （恢复力）.
　　If you care about rare plants， you should first learn about the rare
plants that may be found on your property.36.（　　） Both
Pennsylvania and Delaware have excellent online resources about rare
plants.The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program （PNHP） has a
database that lists rare plants by county.The University of Delaware Water
Resources Center has a database of all plants.Both resources provide
factsheets with images and habitat descriptions.
　　37. （　　） PNHP has an interactive map showing Natural
Heritage Areas in every county， some of which are open to the
public.Delaware’s vegetation maps of plant communities in state parks
list rare plants.
　　If you find a rare plant on your property， you may report its location
to the state natural heritage program.Sharing this information enables
conservationists to track the health and number of rare species.Reporting a
rare plant does not put any extra responsibility on you.38.（　　）
　　The best thing to do for your rare plant is to protect it， based on the
conservation concerns your plant faces in its habitat.39.（　　）
Remove harmful plants that could threaten the population or change the
habitat.If your plant depends on habitat such as woods or wetlands，
protecting it means protecting the habitat from being changed.
　　40. （　　） These activities are not only entertaining but also
helpful in preserving something precious.
A. A plant is a gift of nature.
B. Fence it to protect it from plant-eating animals.
C. Often， rare plants are restricted to special soil types.
D. However， it may affect permit conditions for changes in the habitat.
E. You don’t have to be a trained botanist to recognize many rare
species.
F. And take photos， make paintings， write poems ...to celebrate your
plant.
G. Another way to learn about rare plants is to visit a public site with rare
plants.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护稀有植物的方法。
36. E　上文提到你应该先了解稀有植物，下文介绍了两个提供稀有
植物知识的平台，故E项（你不必是一个训练有素的植物学家也能识
别许多稀有物种）承上启下，符合语境。
37. G　下文介绍了可以使用的两种地图，G项（了解稀有植物的另一
种方式是去参观种有稀有植物的公共场所）符合语境。G项中的
Another与上一段中的first构成顺承关系。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护稀有植物的方法。
38. D　上文提到发现稀有植物后可以上报给相关部门，这不会产生
任何附带的责任。D项（但是，这可能会影响与栖息地改变相关的许
可条款）与上句构成转折关系，其中的it指代上句中的Reporting a rare
plant。
39. B　上文提到应该针对某种稀有植物面临的问题来采取保护措
施。下文具体列举了保护稀有植物的方法，故B项（把它围起来，保
护它不受食草动物的伤害）符合语境，其中的it指代上句中的your rare
plant。
40. F　根据下句中的These activities可知，设空处应该提到一些活
动，故F项（拍照、作画、写诗等来赞美你的植物）符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
　　“Look， Mom！ Everything is ninety per cent off！”I exclaimed
（惊呼）， 　41　 a giant sign across the mall.“Let’s take
a 　42　，” Mom said.Once inside， we went directly to the racks （架
子） of clothes.
　　“These shirts are only two dollars！” I exclaimed.I started 　43　
as many shirts as I could.
　　“Try them on，” Mom said.“They are so 　44　.”
　　Even though I didn’t need them， I carried them into the fitting
room.I had taken whatever was 　45　 and the small changing room was
full of clothes.As I 　46　 in a colourful mountain of shirts， I realized I
did not have enough 　47　 to store them all.Did I really 　48　 these？
　　I started 　49　 all the children who never got new clothes.My mom
made sure to mail boxes of clothes to the orphans in Romania every
year.Each summer， my mom and I dedicated a day to 　50　 some
clothing to 　51　.
　　As I stood among the piles of clothes， I turned to Mom as she neatly
folded the shirts I set aside to purchase.“I’m not going to 　52　
these，” I said.
　　“Which ones did you decide not to buy？” Mom asked.
　　“I 　53　 all of them. 　54　， I don’t need anything.I need to
go home and clean out my closet （壁橱）.” I don’t 　55　 any of
Romanian orphans， but I know I would give them the shirt off my back
（全部家当）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在一次抢购打折衣服的过程中，
“我”想到了那些从来没有新衣服穿的孤儿。因此，“我”决定不
再购买那些非必须购买的衣物。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在一次抢购打折衣服的过程中，
“我”想到了那些从来没有新衣服穿的孤儿。因此，“我”决定不
再购买那些非必须购买的衣物。
41. A. wishing for B. checking out
C. pointing to D. showing off
解析：　根据a giant sign across the mall可知，“我”指着横跨商
场的巨大标识。
42. A. risk B. test C. rest D. look
解析：　根据下文的Once inside， we went directly to the racks
（架子） of clothes.可知，妈妈说要进去看一看。
43. A. imagining B. grabbing
C. advertising D. making
解析：　根据上文的These shirts are only two dollars！可知，
“我”看见衬衣就拿。妈妈也觉得衣服很便宜，让“我”试穿。
44. A. traditional B. tight
C. cheap D. natural
解析：　参见上题解析。
45. A. within reach B. in order
C. under control D. in preparation
解析：　根据语境可知，“我”拿了所有触手可及的衬衣。
46. A. appeared B. suffered
C. slept D. stood
解析：　此刻的试衣间里堆满了衣服，“我”站在堆积如山的
衬衣中。
47. A. patience B. time
C. money D. room
解析：　根据to store them all 可知，“我”突然意识到“我”并
没有足够的空间来放置它们。
48. A. remember B. need
C. finish D. create
解析：　此处作者反问自己：“我”真的需要这些衣服吗？
49. A. thinking about B. playing with
C. hearing from D. approving of
解析：　根据all the children who never got new clothes可知，
“我”想起了那些从来没有新衣服穿的孩子。
50. A. adapting B. removing
C. replacing D. choosing
解析：　根据上文mail boxes of clothes to ...Romania可知，每
年夏天，“我”和妈妈都会花一天的时间筛选出可以分享的衣
服，邮寄给罗马尼亚的孤儿们。
51. A. sell B. sew C. share D. design
解析：　参见上题解析。
52. A. mix B. complete C. bear D. buy
解析：　根据下文的Which ones did you decide not to buy？可
知，“我”告诉妈妈“我”不买这些衣服了。
53. A. count B. want
C. discover D. compare
解析：　根据I don’t need anything可知，“我”想要这些衣
服，但“我”并不需要它们。
54. A. Therefore B. Besides
C. Otherwise D. However
解析：　参见上题解析。
55. A. invite B. know
C. forgive D. guide
解析：　根据语境可知，“我”并不认识任何一个罗马尼亚的
孤儿，但“我”知道“我”一定会倾囊相助的。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
　　ISFJ is one of the 16 personality types identified on the Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator （MBTI）， one of the most 56. 　　　　　　 （wide）
used personality tests today.Based on the theories of psychoanalyst Carl
Jung， the MBTI 57. 　　　　　　 （develop） in the 1940s by
Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter， Isabel Briggs Myers.ISFJ，
also 58. 　　　　　　 （know） as “The Defender”， stands for
Introverted （内向的）， Sensing， Feeling， and Judging.
　　People 59. 　　　　　　 have ISFJ personalities tend to be warm-
hearted， 60. 　　　　　 （efficiency） and responsible， giving careful
attention to practical details in their daily lives.Defenders can be counted
on to meet 61. 　　　　　　 （deadline）， remember birthdays and
special occasions， uphold traditions， and shower their loved ones
62. 　　　　　　 gesture （表示） of care and support. But they rarely
demand recognition for all that they do， 63. 　　　　　　 （prefer）
instead to operate behind the scenes.
　　Although they’re introverted， Defenders have a deeply social
nature. Thanks to their ability 64. 　　　　　　 （remember） the
details of other people’s lives， Defenders have a special talent for
making their friends and acquaintances （熟人） feel seen， known，
and treasured.65. 　　　　　　 may not be easy for Defenders to show
up for themselves in the way that they show up for other people， but
when they do， they often find themselves with even more energy and
motivation to do good in the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在迈尔斯-布里格斯性格
分类法中责任心最强的一种性格：ISFJ。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在迈尔斯-布里格斯性格
分类法中责任心最强的一种性格：ISFJ。
56. widely　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰used，应用
副词，故填widely。
57. was developed　考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。the MBTI与
develop之间为被动关系，且根据设空处后的in the 1940s可知，设空处
应用一般过去时，故填was developed。
58. known　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰ISFJ，又因为
know与ISFJ之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填known。
59. who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行
词People，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
60. efficient　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，表示“效率高
的”，故填形容词efficient。
61. deadlines　考查名词复数。deadline为可数名词，意为“最后期
限，截止日期”，在此表泛指，且前面无冠词，故填其复数形式
deadlines。
62. with　考查固定搭配。shower sb with sth 为固定搭配，意为“大量
的某物给某人”。
63. preferring　考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，且they与prefer之间
是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填preferring。
64. to remember　考查非谓语动词。ability后常接动词不定式作后置
定语，表示“做某事的能力”，故填to remember。
65. It　考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，句子的真正主语是to show
up for ...other people，故填It。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　某英文报社正在组织中学生英语作文比赛，请你以A Lesson of
Responsibility为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
　　1. 你对责任感的认识；
　　2. 关于责任感的故事；
　　3. 你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
A Lesson of Responsibility
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
A Lesson of Responsibility
　　Responsibility is one of the most important virtues a person is
supposed to have.
　　Once， my deskmate fell ill.He was afraid of falling behind
others.Thinking of giving him a hand as my responsibility，I helped him
with his lessons after class.With my help， he eventually caught up with
us.Both of us felt so delighted.It was my responsibility to help others and
his hard work also helped him out.
　　This experience always gives me an important lesson in life：we
should be responsible for what we do.Responsibility makes a full man.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
　　If you were to ask me about my relationship with my dad， I would
roll my eyes （翻白眼） and brush it off.I would avoid the topic
altogether because it hurt to answer we didn’t get along.I saw everything
as his fault.I disliked him more than anyone else.It made me angry
because I never saw him dancing with me or never saw us even being able
to eat a meal together.I was ready to leave for college just to get some
space.
　　One of the biggest issues we had was surrounding my mental health.I
was his baby doll when I was little but all that changed when I started
having severe panic attacks （恐慌症）.I had struggled with anxiety since
primary school.It hurt every time he destroyed my mental state and turned
his back on the problems going on in my head.Things out of my control
would start happening and he didn’t understand.I didn’t think he tried
to， either.College was no better.If anything， it got worse.I didn’t
want to keep the cycle going with him， so I never talked to him.I can
remember only calling him a handful of times in my first three semesters
away， a lot of which ended in arguments.
　　When his best friend got sick， a lot changed for us.This friend was
leaving behind a family， and I pictured myself in a situation like that.It
broke my heart that my dad and I had been so distant for so long and all I
wanted to do was fly home and be in his company.This scared us both
because we needed to change our relationship right then and there.
　　Then our phone calls became more regular.We talked and decided to
call each other at least once a week， even if it was just for a few
minutes.I looked forward to our little chats.I started to talk to my dad
about anything and everything and he was able to bring me back to reality
regularly.
　　I was always so angry with him for not understanding me， but then
again， I never took the time to explain myself and he never got the
opportunity to listen.We got so far apart from each other that it became
normal.But we were both to blame.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
　　College was the best thing that could have happened to our
relationship. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Now， I can picture family holidays where I don’t end up crying
in my room. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　College was the best thing that could have happened to our
relationship.We both got the time we needed to be ourselves， so we
could both grow as people and come to terms with each other.All of our
interactions， phone calls， and visits are much more positive.I didn’t
take time to appreciate the work he put on for the family and the effort he
really tried to put in for me.We understand each other so much better
now， can communicate better now， and get along better now.
　　Now， I can picture family holidays where I don’t end up crying in
my room.I can picture the father-daughter dance at my wedding.I can
picture us being able to go on lunch dates and games， and drives down
the road ending with both of us being happy.The exciting part is that I no
longer have to picture many of these things； we get to do them
now.Dad， I appreciate the effort you continuously put in.I admire
everything you have done to change and thank you for being my biggest
supporter.(共73张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验 · 提素能
3
课时检测·提能力
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
　　本单元要求写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章，属于表达
观点类议论文。表达观点类议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表
意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时，主要通过摆事实、讲道理使读者
接受作者的观点。写作步骤是：第一段开门见山，描述现象或表明立
场，提出自己的观点。中间段落说理论证自己的观点。为了使论证的
层次更清晰，可以使用to begin with、what’s more、besides、in
addition等衔接性的词语。最后一段再次表达自己的观点。具体写作结
构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1. lie vi.& n. 撒谎，谎言
2. awful adj. 糟糕的
3. avoid vt. 避免
4. honest adj. 诚实的
5. truth n. 事实，真相
6. forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕
7. hurt vt. 伤害
8. a crisis of trust 信任危机
9. warmth and encouragement 温暖和鼓励
10. contribute to 有助于
11. the depressing situation 沮丧的现状
12. feel cheated 感到被欺骗
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1. What’s the difference between a white lie and a lie？
善意的谎言和谎言之间有什么不同？
2. White lies refer to the little lies that we tell to protect others from the
truth.
善意的谎言指的是我们为了保护他人不被真相所伤害而撒的小谎。
3. We tell a friend his new haircut is cool even if we think it’s awful.
我们告诉朋友他的新发型很酷，即使我们认为它很糟糕。
4. Telling a white lie can not only avoid hurting others’ feelings， but
it has also magic power to give people much warmth and
encouragement.
说善意的谎言不仅可以避免伤害别人的感情，而且它还有魔力，可
以给人很多温暖和鼓励。
5. Telling white lies contributes to keeping others from being affected
by our depressing situation.
说善意的谎言有助于让别人不受我们沮丧处境的影响。
6. People being lied to may feel cheated and depressed.
被骗的人可能会感到被欺骗和沮丧。
7. If a white lie is discovered， it can lead to a crisis of trust and possibly
damage the relationship.
如果善意的谎言被发现，可能会导致信任危机，并可能损害关系。
8. When we tell a white lie， we had better take into consideration what
the occasion at that time is and what the result it brings about.
当我们说善意的谎言时，我们最好考虑到当时的情况和它会带来的
结果。
9. So I hold the idea that it is necessary to tell white lies in some special
situations.
所以我认为在某些特殊情况下说一些善意的谎言是必要的。
10. White lies are harmless and useful and they make this world a more
harmonious place.
善意的谎言是无害和有用的，它们使这个世界成为一个更和谐的
地方。
典例体验 · 提素能
点拨写作技法
2
　　2. 支持说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
　　3. 你的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
　　假定你是李华，今天你班同学就“是否应该对得了不治之症
的病人说善意的谎言”的话题展开讨论，同学们意见不一致。请
你根据以下要点写一篇文章。
　　1. 反对说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1. 告知某人某事
2. 事实，真相
3. 作出决定
4. 可以接受的
5. 失去希望
6. 使情况更糟糕
7. 取决于
8. 积极的态度
inform sb of sth　
truth　
make a decision/decisions　
acceptable　
lose hope　
make the situation worse　
depend on　
positive attitudes　
◎遣词造句
1. 如果一个病人得了不治之症，他/她是否应该被告知真相？


2. 有些学生反对。

If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be
informed of the truth？
Some students are against it.
3. 他们坚持认为，病人应该被告知他们病情的真相，以便他们能够根
据自己的健康状况作出适当的决定。



4. 与上述观点相反，一些学生认为善意的谎言是可以接受的。


They insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their
illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their
health.
Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white
lie is acceptable.
5. 他们担心一旦被告知病情，病人可能会失去希望，这将使情况变得
更糟。


6. 在我看来，人们是否应该说善意的谎言取决于病人是什么样的人。


They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose
their hope， and this will make the situation worse.
In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on
what kind of person the patient is.
7. 如果病人有强烈的生存意志和积极的态度，告诉他们真相将有助于
治疗。


If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling
them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1. 用定语从句合并句2和句3



2. 用非限制性定语从句改写句5


Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be
informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper
decisions according to their health.
They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose
their hope， which will make the situation worse.
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　

　　





　　 　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be
informed of the truth？ Today our class have a discussion about it.　
　　 　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be
informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper
decisions according to their health.Contrary to the above belief， some
students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.They worry that once
told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will
make the situation worse.　
　　



　　 　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends
on what kind of person the patient is.If the patient has a strong will to live
and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the
treatment.But if the patient is the opposite， we had better not do so.　
【即时演练】　
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anne虽不喜欢朋友送的节日礼物，
但仍对朋友说非常喜欢，因此感到不安。她发来邮件询问你对“善意
的谎言”的看法和理解，请你给她回复一封邮件。内容包括：
　　1. 举例说明什么是“善意的谎言”；
　　2. 解释人们说“善意的谎言”的原因；
　　3. 提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Anne，
Yours，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Anne，
　　I’m sorry to hear that you feel depressed now.What’s a white
lie？ For instance， when someone cooks a meal for us that we dislike，
we lie and say that the food is delicious.That is a white lie.
　　One main reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel better
and another one is to give encouragement.If your friend asks you what you
think of his singing， perhaps he wants some comments from you so that
he can make himself improved gradually.But you may give him some
encouragement and build up his confidence by telling a white
lie.Besides， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others
from bad news.Therefore， we may find white lies are well intended.So
why not smile at a white lie？
Yours，
Li Hua
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Don’t ignore the difference teenagers can make.
　　John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida
　　When John Michael Thomas decided to honor his friend and
classmate Elizabeth Buckley， who died from cancer， he remembered
how much she loved peacocks （孔雀）.He wanted to build a life-sized
peacock fountain in Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of
his friend.He thought it could be a place for people to relax and be
inspired.John Michael raised 52，000 to build the fountain.
　　The wheels began to turn for Barrett Smith when he heard about
Karma Bike Shop， a place where young people can earn free bikes by
reading and performing community service.
　　Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and
repair used bikes and donate them to the shop.
　　He expected to get about 10 donated bikes.In the end， Barrett
received 39.
　　Barrett Smith， 13， Utah
　　Zachary Blohm， 15， Wisconsin
　　The 25-year-old playground at an elementary school near
Milwaukee， Wisconsin was so small that only 70 of its 575 students
could play on it at a time.
　　That’s when Zachary Blohm saved the day （扭转局面）.He and
some volunteers wanted to build a huge playground.To raise money，
Zachary planned T-shirt and bake sales， sold tickets and more.He held
monthly money-raising events for more than a year.Overall， he
collected 130，000 — enough to finish his project.
　　For some people， finding a meal is as simple as opening the
refrigerator.For more than 366，000 hungry kids in New Jersey， it’s
not that easy.
　　That fact didn’t sit well with Jack Zimmerman， who organized a
drive to lessen childhood hunger in his state.His goal： Create 40，000
packaged meals that could be donated to those in need.
　　On game day， Jack and his volunteers started their work.After the
final count， the team had packaged 47，124 meals — well above
Jack’s goal.
　　Jack Zimmerman， 16， New Jersey
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年的善
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年的善举。
1. The peacock fountain was built in a park 　　　.（　　）
A. to encourage people
B. to cure a cancer sufferer
C. to protect the animals
D. to cherish the memory of a teenager
解析：　细节理解题。根据John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida
部分中的He wanted to build a life-sized peacock fountain in
Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of his friend.可知，
孔雀喷泉建在一个公园里，是为了纪念Elizabeth Buckley。
2. What did Barrett do for Karma Bike Shop？（　　）
A. He repaired bikes there.
B. He donated bikes to it.
C. He helped it win customers.
D. He offered a reading service there.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Barrett Smith， 13， Utah部分中的
Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and
repair used bikes and donate them to the shop.可知，Barrett为Karma
自行车商店捐赠自行车。
3. What do the four people have in common？（　　）
A. They’re top students.
B. They like various public activities.
C. They are concerned about others.
D. They are money raisers for the poor.
解析：　推理判断题。文中John Michael Thomas为纪念朋友建造
孔雀喷泉，Barrett Smith为车店捐赠自行车，Zachary Blohm为建大
操场筹集资金，Jack Zimmerman为减少饥饿儿童而组织活动。由此
可推断出，这四个人都很有爱心，他们的共同点是关心他人。
B
　　（2024·江苏扬州高二统考期中）The history of humankind is
littered with crafty and seasoned liars.Lying， it turns out， is something
that most of us are highly skilled in.We lie with ease， in ways big and
small， to strangers， co-workers， friends， and loved ones.Being
dishonest is woven into our very fabric， so that it would be truthful to say
that to lie is human.
　　Like learning to walk and talk， lying is something of a
developmental milestone.While parents often find their children’s lies
troubling — for they signal the beginning of a loss of innocence — Kang
Lee， a psychologist， sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a
comforting sign that their cognitive growth is on track.
　　To study lying in children， Lee and his colleagues use a simple
experiment.They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their
view， based on an audio clue.The sound played has nothing to do with
the toy.“So you play Beethoven， but the toy’s a car，” Lee
explains.The experimenter leaves the room， using the excuse of taking a
phone call — a lie for the sake of science — and asks the child not to peek
at the toy.Returning， the experimenter asks the child for the answer，
following up with the question：“Did you peek or not？”
　　Most children can’t resist peeking.The percentage of the children
who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their
age.Among two-year-old， only 30 per cent are mendacious.Among
three-year-old， 50 per cent lie.And by eight， about 80 per cent claim
they didn’t peek.
　　What drives this increase in lying is the development of a child’s
ability to put himself or herself in someone else’s shoes.Known as theory
of mind， this is the facility we acquire for understanding the beliefs，
intentions， and knowledge of others.What then might be the best way to
block the rapid advance of untruths into our lives？ The answer isn’t
clear.Technology has opened up a new frontier for dishonesty， adding a
21st-century twist to the age-old problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。说谎是人类的天性，文章通过对不
同年龄的孩子进行实验告诉我们，撒谎意味着正常的成长。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。说谎是人类的天性，文章通过对不
同年龄的孩子进行实验告诉我们，撒谎意味着正常的成长。
4. What can we learn about the human tendency to lie？（　　）
A. It is a rare occurrence.
B. It is part of human nature.
C. It emerges in adulthood.
D. It results from human greed.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，说谎是人
的本性。
5. Which statement will Kang Lee probably agree with？（　　）
A. Children who lie are more likely to fail.
B. Parents should prevent children from lying.
C. Lying in children suggests a normal growth.
D. Lying is a sign of a child’s loss of innocence.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Kang Lee， a psychologist， sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive growth is on track.可知，Kang Lee认为撒谎意味着正常的成长。
6. What were the children asked to do in the experiment？（　　）
A. Determine the names of the hidden items.
B. Provide false statements about their actions.
C. Hide toys from the view of the experimenter.
D. Guess the link between toys and sound clues.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They ask kids to guess the
identity of toys hidden from their view， based on an audio clue.可
知，试验中孩子们被要求断定隐藏着的玩具的名称。
7. What does the underlined word “mendacious” in Paragraph 4
mean？（　　）
A. Cooperative. B. Trustworthy.
C. Irresponsible. D. Untruthful.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知，画线词所在句讲
述的是撒谎的孩子的比例，由此推断画线词所在句意为“在两岁的
孩子中，只有30％的孩子说谎了”。因此画线词mendacious意为
“说谎的”，与untruthful同义。
C
　　Not every man is cut out to be a father.If the thought of fatherhood
fills you with fear， maybe it isn’t for you or maybe it’s a sign that you
take the responsibility of fatherhood seriously.
　　As a parent， you are always going to have to trust your instincts
（本能）.There’s no comprehensive rule book on parenting.You’ll
screw up sometimes.Hopefully， your husband or wife will be there to
nudge （鼓励） you in the right direction.And， as in many other aspects
of life， doing the right thing will rarely make you popular.Your kids will
need limits and discipline， and some days they will get angry with you
for it.But the kids know on some level that they need limits and that the
responsible parent who is setting and enforcing them is doing so because
he or she cares.It’s the children whose parents allow them to do anything
they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.
　　Certainly， we can find meaning in a lot of places in life.But for
most of us who have seen the emergence of a small baby， fatherhood
gives life unparalleled meaning.Parenthood， for a lot of us， may well
be an antidepressant — not because you always feel good， but because
you no longer have any time to sit around feeling bad.Your kids will
always need you in one way or another — first for bottle-feeding， then as
fellow pretend superheroes and to apply Band-Aids to skinned knees， and
then， when they are teenagers， as a free personal Uber service or，
once in a great while， for unexpected deep talks about the meaning of life.
　　I know what I did with my kids day after day， night after night，
year over year， mattered so much.I won’t pretend to have everything
figured out about life， but I did figure out the immeasurable value in
being one link in a great chain of family， stretching back to our ancestors
and continuing into the future， into whatever the world throws at us next.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了为人父母，特别是作为
一个父亲应尽的义务和应担负的责任以及作为一个父亲的重大意义
和价值。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了为人父母，特别是作为
一个父亲应尽的义务和应担负的责任以及作为一个父亲的重大意义
和价值。
8. What does the underlined phrase “screw up” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　　）
A. Mess up. B. Feel down.
C. Stay strong. D. Get inspired.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句及第四句可知，养
育子女没有全面的指导手册，希望你的丈夫或妻子能帮助你向
着正确的方向前进。据此推断，画线短语所在句表示有时候你
会出错。由此可猜测，screw up意为“把……弄糟；出错”，
与mess up意思相近。
9. Which statement will the author probably agree with？（　　）
A. Parenting books are essential for parents.
B. Strict parents are popular with their kids.
C. Disciplining kids is a way to show love.
D. Kids seldom understand parents’ intentions.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中的It’s the children whose
parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts
about whether they are really loved.可知，作者认为管教孩子是爱的
一种表现。
10. Why does the author mention the things a parent does for kids in
Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. To share some parenting tips.
B. To stress the difficulty of parents.
C. To recall the growth of his kids.
D. To show the value of being a parent.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，父亲的角色赋予
了生命无与伦比的意义，对我们很多人来说，为人父母很可能是
一种抗抑郁剂，你的孩子总是会以这样或那样的方式需要你。由
此推断，作者提到父母为孩子所做的事情是为了说明做父母的重
要性。
11. How does the author mainly feel about fatherhood？（　　）
A. Fearful. B. Stressed.
C. Proud. D. Amused.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为自己
作为父亲为孩子们做的事情很重要，是家庭延续不可缺少的一部
分，有着不可估量的价值。由此推断，作者为自己的父亲身份感
到自豪。
D
　　People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs， such as eye
contact， length of responses and the details in what people say， but
studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information
can make it harder to decide if someone is lying.Bruno Verschuere at the
University of Amsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely
focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
　　To test this idea， researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or
steal from a mock （模仿的） crime.Students were instructed to lie if
they committed the fake theft.
　　Next， the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and
six deceptive （欺骗的） interviews from these recordings， ranking
interviewees’ eye contact and detail level.The results revealed that both
truth-tellers and liars averted （转移） their gaze a similar amount， but
truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones，
suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
　　The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six
truthful and six deceptive statements randomly chosen from the
interviews.Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify
liars.The remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in
answers on a scale of 1 to 10， with 6 or above counting as truthful.Those
using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59％ of the time，
while those relying solely on detail achieved 66％.
　　“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to
judge lies from the truth，” says Verschuere.“Nevertheless， in the real
world， you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements
through extra investigations or follow-up questions.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶
雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别
说谎者是相对容易的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶
雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别
说谎者是相对容易的。
12. Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to
confirm that 　　　　.（　　）
A. behavioural information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B. it’s relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of
statements
C. truth-tellers and liars shared something in common when performing
the task
D. people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，布鲁诺·维苏耶
雷和他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别
说谎者是相对容易的。
13. What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4？（　　）
A. Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive
ones.
B. Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth-tellers.
C. It’s difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like
eye contact.
D. Participants who relied on one cue can distinguish lies from the truth
faultlessly.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，研究结果显
示，说真话的人和说谎者回避目光的程度相似，但真实的陈述比
欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。
14. What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research？
（　　）
A. It had no potential market.
B. It made no sense.
C. It could be perfectly applied.
D. It had some limitations.
解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，维苏耶雷指
出在现实世界中，你可能需要通过额外的调查或后续问题来确
认陈述的准确性，即他认为他的研究应用于现实生活中会有一
些局限性。
15. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？（　　）
A. To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B. To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.
C. To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
D. To warn readers of psychological harm of telling a lie.
解析：　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了评估范
围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难，阿
姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行了一项研
究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。由此
可推知，作者写本文的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科
学发现。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet confusing stages in a
person’s life.You are no longer a child， yet not quite an adult.16.
（　　） One of them is your pastime.
　　Some pastimes have no moral implications.For example， shall we
play basketball or soccer？17.（　　） Some examples include attending
a party where there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out， lying to
your parents or even skipping school to watch a movie with some
friends.How do you respond？ Will you follow them？
　　Wanting to feel part of a group may force you to do things against
your better judgement.However， it is okay to say no to anything that is
illegal， or potentially causes harm or is hurtful to you or others.18.
（　　） But you do not let that stop you from standing up to peer
pressure and being true to yourself.If your friends are true friends， they
will respect your decision and not force you to join them.
　　There are some steps you may take to keep away from negative peer
pressure.Firstly， stay away from friends who force you to do things that
you know are wrong.Instead， spend more time with friends who share
the same value as you.19.（　　） And if a situation gets out of hand，
do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.
　　It may not always be easy to resist peer pressure， but do know that
you will feel good about yourself later.And even without you realizing
it， you may have been a catalyst in your group to bring about a positive
change.20.（　　）
A. This is when you form a new habit of making friends.
B. Next， be true to yourself and stick to what you believe in.
C. You are at a time of exploration， trying to find out your preferences.
D. These peers no longer have the ability to develop their own personality.
E. You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends or being laughed at.
F. However， there are other choices that need to be made based on your
values in life.
G. Others in your group may just follow your lead and gain courage to do
the right thing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年时期的一些
特点以及远离消极同伴压力的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年时期的一些
特点以及远离消极同伴压力的方法。
16. C　上文提到了青少年时期是最令人困惑的阶段之一，且下文提
到了消遣，因此本句旨在说明这一阶段的特点，C项（你处在一个探
索的时期，试图找出自己的喜好）符合语境。
17. F　上文提到了不涉及道德判断的消遣，下文的例子则是关于道德
判断的。由此可知，设空处应承上启下，F项符合语境，与上文构成
转折关系，并引出下文的例子。
18. E　根据上文可知，想要融入群体可能会迫使你做一些违背自己
正确判断的事情，下文则提到这并不会阻止你做真实的自己。由此可
推测，本句旨在说明你因为害怕失去朋友或被嘲笑而不敢拒绝。故E
项符合语境。
19. B　上文提到的是远离消极同伴压力的第一点措施，本句应说明
远离消极同伴压力的第二点措施，故B项（其次，忠于自己的想法并
坚持自己所相信的）符合语境。
20. G　上文提到：你可能已经成为团队中的催化剂，带来了积极的
改变。G项（团队中的其他人可能会跟随你的领导并有勇气做正确的
事情）符合语境，指出带来的具体改变。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你校交换生Chris对你上周参加的志愿者活动
很感兴趣，发来邮件向你询问相关情况。请你给他回一封邮件，
内容包括：
　　1. 活动介绍；
　　2. 你的收获。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
Yours，
Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Dear Chris，
　　Glad to receive your email asking about the voluntary activity I took
part in last week.I’ll tell you some details about it.
　　Our school organized a voluntary activity to help the elderly in the
local nursing home， and I got actively involved， talking with the old
people and trying my best to amuse them.Looking at their smiling faces，
I believe I’ve made a difference to their lives.I also realized the
importance of having family close by.I made up my mind that I would
spend more time with my grandparents.
Yours，
Li Hua

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