资源简介

(共27张PPT)
专题二　七选五阅读
高考统计分析
卷别 年份 文本词数 体裁 主题 设空位置 小标题 段首 段中 段尾
全国 一卷 2025 249 记叙文 人与社会·热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 0 0 4 1
新课标Ⅰ卷 2024 288 说明文 人与自我·使用英文词典 0 1 4 0
2023 246 说明文 人与自我·自我宽恕 0 0 4 1
全国 二卷 2025 247 说明文 人与社会·家庭志愿服务的好处 1 1 2 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 2024 263 说明文 人与社会·如何缓解过度旅游 0 1 3 1
2023 233 说明文 人与自我·艺术学习的建议 0 1 3 1
命题趋势
选材 文章长度一般为210~290词,选项长度为5~20词,且选项按由短到长的顺序排列。体裁以说明文为主,间或有记叙文出现
设空 设空类型一般有标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、概括总结类及其他类。在段首、段中和段尾均有设题情况
选项 选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。多为整句式,偶有半句式
难度 考查小标题和同词复现的题一般难度较小,考生可以先做此类题目;而需要理解上下文逻辑关系的题一般难度较大,对考生的逻辑思维能力要求较高
第1讲　利用语篇分析,快解七选五阅读
从近几年的高考七选五来看,选材一般为说明文,文章的结构清晰,逻辑关系严谨。因此我们必须了解文章的语篇结构,掌握语篇的衔接手段, 把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系,方可快速高效地解题。
阅读七选五常见的语篇结构如下:
[典例](2025全国二卷)
语篇结构:“总—分”结构
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
1.段中设空,看主旨句+空格前后句
Are you looking for a way to bring your family
together Hoping to find a hobby that can be
shared by both the little ones and adults
　36　 You may know the “feel-good” emotions
that come with helping others,but there are even
more unexpected ways volunteering will
positively affect the whole family.
B
2.段尾设空,多为段落总结句或进一步说明,看小标题+找关键词句
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet,research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 　37　
G
3.段首设空,多为段落主旨句,看小标题+找关键词句
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
　38　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained① overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
E
4.段落小标题设空,看段落整体内容+找关键词句
●　39　
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
C
5.段中设空,看小标题+空格前后句
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.　40　 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And,there are tasks for every age and ability,so all your children can feel proud of their work.
F
A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression②.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.(家庭志愿服务)
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有着终身的影响)
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice③.
E.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.(志愿活动对身体健康的好处)
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.(孩子有你之前未曾知晓的才能)
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable④ and inspires you to make the most of each day.(进一步说明原因)
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
v. 保持,维持　
n.抑郁,沮丧　
n. 偏见　
adj.有能力的
语篇导读
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家庭共同参与志愿活动的多种益处,包括让人感觉时间更充裕、延长寿命、对青少年产生积极影响以及增加家庭成员间的相处时间。
结构分析
深度解析
36.此空设于段中,是一个过渡句,起着承上启下的作用。选项B“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”承接了上文提出的问题“你是否正在寻找一种能让家人团聚的方式 是否希望找到一种适合小孩和成人的共同爱好 ”,并且与下文内容相呼应。
37.此空设于段尾,用于进一步说明上文内容。上文提到“研究发现,为社区事业贡献你的时间实际上会让你感觉时间更充裕”。选项 G“志愿服务让你感觉自己很有能力,并激励你充分利用每一天”来进一步说明“感觉时间更充裕”的原因。
38.此空设于段首,是本段落的主题句。从小标题和下文内容可知本段主要说明志愿者活动对身体健康的益处。选项E“对于成年人来说,志愿活动可以提供显著的身体健康益处”符合段落主题。
39.此空设于小标题,用来概括本段落的主旨。从整体内容可知本段主要说明志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。选项C “志愿活动对儿童和青少年有着终身的影响”可概括本段主旨。
40.此空设于段中,与上下文存在解释关系。从小标题和上下文可知本段主要说明家人一起参加志愿活动的独特体验,强调每个家庭成员都可以参与并展示自己的特点。选项F“你甚至可能发现孩子有你之前未曾知晓的才能”符合语境。
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Overtourism Is for Real:How Can You Help
A.Visit during off-peak times.
B.So,should we stop traveling
C.Travel for you and no one else.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone,or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
Travel promotes understanding,expands our minds,makes us better people,and boosts local economies and communities,but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.　1 　
Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places,it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws you.　2　
B
C
●Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.　3 　 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
●　4　 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists,save money, experience a different side of a popular place,and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
E
A
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸).Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.　5　 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
G
【语篇导读】本文围绕过度旅游的问题进行探讨,并给出了相应的应对建议。
【篇章结构】
【答案与解析】
1.B　根据空白处后的回答“Certainly not.”可知,空白处应是一个疑问句,再根据关键词travel和“the places we visit”可知,空白处应是对旅行的提问。
2.C　前句中的only与C项中的no one else同义。
3.E　E项中的“undiscovered places”与本段中的“less-visited options”和“lesser-known sights”相呼应。
4.A　根据本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush hour”与A项中的“off-peak”一致,强调错峰出行,故A项“淡季的时候旅游”符合语境。
5.G　根据空白处前“参观一个被他人视为归宿之地的地方,实为一份难得的殊荣。应尽己所能,守护让这个地方变得独特的一切。”可知,本段建议人们保护旅行地的特色。 G项“giving back to”呼应了空白处前的preserve,且G项中的“the communities”与空白处后的“there”相呼应。
B(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You’ll hit roadblocks,and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role.
G.You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately,there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember,though,what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.　6 　 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
Paint often and paint from life.There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.　7 　
C
G
Continually challenge yourself to try something new.　8　 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club;we’ve all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
　9　 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and,in turn,have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.　10 　 Push through,give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A
D
E
【语篇导读】本文为说明文(总—分—总结构),主题语境是丰富自我。作者就初学者如何开启绘画之旅提出了四条建议。最后提醒读者绘画之路是艰辛的,只有坚持努力,才能有所收获。
【篇章结构】
【答案与解析】
6.C　空后说你会想要回顾你的旅程,看看你已经走了多远。由此可推知,想要回顾,就要看“beginner art”(初学作品)。故选C项。
7.G　本段的主题句是“Paint often and paint from life.”,后文由此展开。“put in those brush miles”和“as much as possible”都是对Paint often的说明。最后概括:你会形成绘画肌肉记忆,这种记忆只能通过重复来实现。故选G项。
8.A　本段的主题句是“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”。具体的做法就是走出舒适区,去尝试新的事物,接受新的挑战。故选A项。
9.D　空后说寻求和接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。想要得到反馈,就要分享自己的作品。作者以自身为例,讲了自己上传作品后得到积极反馈的经历。“post my work”是share的方式之一。故选D项。
10.E　前一句说你的绘画之路不会一帆风顺,所以“你会遇到障碍,有时你会感到气馁”符合语境。故选E项。(共28张PPT)
第3讲　利用衔接手段,化解七选五阅读
技法1　代词指代法
技法2　词汇复现法
目 录 索 引
技法1　代词指代法
A.Be patient.
B.Get the audience involved.
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G.As the speaker,you already know what you’re going to say.
[典例](2025浙江1月卷节选)
●Don’t use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.　38　However,they’re hearing it for the first time.Keep it simple.
G
图解技法
深度解析
下文“However,they’re hearing it for the first time.”与设空句之间是转折关系。G项“As the speaker,you already know what you’re going to say.”与下文构成转折,演讲者自己熟悉内容,但听众是初次接触,同时,句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系,上下文逻辑连贯。
解题关键
在谈话或者写作过程中,会用一些代词替换前面内容中出现过的人或事物,从而使表达的信息更加简洁。在做“七选五”阅读理解时,巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们快速做出正确的选择。代词指代法一定要注意两种情况:一是要特别关注选项中的代词,二是要特别关注设空处后面句子中的代词。解题流程:
第一步:观察设空处的前后句子,找出相应的代词;
第二步:查看选项,找出选项中相应的代词;
第三步:对比语意的合理性,选出最佳答案。
技法2　词汇复现法
[典例](2024全国甲卷节选)
What is moderation(适度) Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal,but not too full.　36 　 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time.It’s important to slow down① and think about food as something nutritious② rather than just something to eat in between③ meetings.37.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food,so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
F
Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone,especially in front of the TV or computer,often leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.　38　
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
E
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
减速　
adj.有营养的　
在中间
图解技法
深度解析
36.空前提到了“moderation(适度)”的概念,即吃身体所需的食物量。空后提到这并不意味着要放弃你喜欢的食物。设空处需承上启下,对“moderation(适度)”的概念进一步解释,并引出后句。F项“对于我们许多人来说,适度意味着吃得比现在少。”符合语境。moderation是上文的原词复现,“moderation means...”也和空后句“But it doesn’t mean...”构成转折。
38.空前“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.(如果你手边有像饼干这样不健康的零食,那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。)”指出,吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食,E项“相反,你应该选择一些健康的食物在身边。”符合文意。E项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”为反义词复现。
解题关键
1.词汇复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,通过寻找复现词汇可迅速确定答案。
2.词汇复现并不一定是词汇的简单重复,有时会以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时,要特别注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it’s vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript(原稿).　1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.　2 　 Of course,these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
F
B
　3 　 It should give you a precise definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course,with its 2,672 pages,it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.　4　 However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
E
A
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of “dull”.　5　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣。
D
【答案与解析】
1.F　上文提到如果你想发表(作品),提交一份完美、专业的原稿是至关重要的。所以设空处应该进一步解释什么样的原稿才是上文所描述的样子。下文又提到,没有哪个编辑可能会容忍一个不愿花心思正确拼写单词的作者。因此设空处所描述的完美原稿应该是“语法正确、没有拼写错误”的。F项中的That指代空前的“a perfect,professionally presented manuscript”。故选F项。
2.B　上文提到作者不信任笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。设空处对此做出解释:因为“它不考虑上下文”。B项中的It指代空前的“spellchecker”。故选B项。
3.E　设空处位于段首,考虑段落主旨句。空后两个句子的主语都是It,由句意“它应该给出每个单词的准确定义,从而区分意义相似却不相同的单词。它通常也会表明单词是如何发音的”推断,It指的是词典,因此设空处应包含单数的表示词典的字眼。空后的两个句子是对词典功能的阐述,因此设空处也应该描述其功能。E项(当然,词典不仅仅用于拼写)与之相符,故选E项。
4.A　上文提到作者廉价买到了一本词典。空后的However提示下文与设空处内容构成转折关系。下文说如果作者需要查一个单词的来源或查找关于其用法的示例,这本词典再好不过了。因此A项(我不经常使用这本词典)符合语境。this dictionary指代上文中的“Shorter Oxford Dictionary”。
5.D　空前用Samuel Johnson的话表明“编词典是枯燥的工作”,空后的“a rewarding experience”与空前内容构成转折关系,故设空处需要承上启下,D项(但是阅读词典也可以是一种乐趣)中的“a pleasure to read”与前面的“To make dictionaries is dull work”构成转折,同时引出下文,故选D项。
A.Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B.You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C.The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D.That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E.You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F.Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G.He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
B(2023浙江1月卷)
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives,it’s comfortable and relaxing.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly.　6 　 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.　7　 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
D
G
Bring a blanket.When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.　8 　 In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster.　9 　 Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.
Have fun.　10 　 Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle,or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile,you’re going 67.92 mph.
C
E
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
【答案与解析】
6.D　根据上文“Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly.”以及下文“But no matter when you travel,it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.”可知,大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被订完,所以要提前安排预订,D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境,D项中“busy summer months”与上下文呼应,说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。
7.G　根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.”可知,好的旅行社帮你预定,不仅可以找到打折的票,还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离,G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与上下文对应,因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。
8.C　根据上文“When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.”以及下文“In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.”可知,这里提到了车厢内温度的问题,提醒乘客最好自备毛毯,C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与上下文对应,因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。
9.E　根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster.”以及下文“Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.”可知,本段提醒要提前安排时间,错过时间是很麻烦的事情,E项中“You might have to wait longer”与上下文对应,说明错过火车导致的结果,因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。
10.A　根据上文“Have fun.”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”可知,本段讲述如何度过乘车时间,A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与下文要计算时间、用不同的方式打发时间对应,符合语境。(共35张PPT)
第4讲　利用逻辑关系,破解七选五阅读
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体,各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子之间常常有总分、并列、递进、顺承、转折、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此,理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络,弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词,考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断;如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词,这就需要考生全面理解文章大意,根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系,并做出正确的判断。
类型1　并列关系
[典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷节选)
C
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
出现　
adj. 尴尬的　
在不远处
深度解析
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.’One reason was:‘You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,’”可知,本空应陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“You’ll...if...”的结构,根据句式一致原则,可优先看C项。
解题关键
设空处前后句之间是否含有并列的逻辑关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词(组)来判断,如and、first(ly)、second(ly)、then/next、to begin with、for one thing、for another thing、finally/last等。
类型2　递进关系
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said.　40 　 She has every intention① of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up② drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
G
[语境猜词]
①
②
n.意图　
提供
深度解析
前文 “她喜欢在咖啡馆工作” 表达态度,后文 “打算留下继续做热爱的事” 强调决心。G项 “她已经在这儿工作了17年,无法想象在其他地方工作” 用时间长度和情感依赖表语意递进,强化 “热爱” 的程度。
解题关键
递进关系是前后句之间常见的逻辑关系。有时可以通过表示递进关系的标志词(组)来判断,如even、also、besides、in addition、not only...but (also)...、furthermore、additionally、plus、moreover、what’s more等。
类型3　转折关系
[典例](2022全国乙卷节选)
Don’t rely on technology alone
　40 　,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious① effort to sustain②.Try to seek out③ chances to renew friendships.How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
F
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate④ by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to⑤ it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
④
⑤
adj. 有意的　
v.维持　
找出　
vi.弥补　
坚持
深度解析
空处为前半句,根据后半句“but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain”可知,我们要更加有意识地维系异地友谊,其中but说明后半句与设空处形成转折关系,F项“It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media”提到通过社交媒体很容易与朋友产生联系感,与后半句形成转折,而且其中的social media呼应了小标题中的technology。故选F项。
解题关键
如果设空处前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则设空处很有可能是个转折关系的句子。表示转折关系的连接词(组)有however、instead、but、nevertheless、nonetheless、though、yet、on the contrary、by contrast、by comparison、conversely、otherwise等。
类型4　因果关系
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.　38 　 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
C
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
深度解析
前文 “每天 4:45 起床,开车 30 分钟上班” 强调其勤奋,后文引用她的话 “喜欢为学生煮咖啡,知道他们早上需要” 解释原因。C项 “她有时早到提前服务” 是对 “早起” 行为的进一步说明,体现 “主动服务” 的动机。前后为因果关系。
解题关键
设空处前后句之间是否含有因果的逻辑关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why、because、since、now that、so、due to、owing to、thanks to、as a result、consequently、result in、on account of、as a consequence、therefore、thus、hence 等。
类型5　例证关系
[典例](2023全国乙卷节选)
There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.　39　 .
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits① to growing plants indoors
D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding②
E
[语境猜词]
①
②
深度解析
本题可以利用例证关系解题。根据上文“There is also research showing... chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知,E项“Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best(像和平百合和黄金葛之类的植物是最好的)”能够承接上文,列举了在这方面效果最好的植物,符合语境。
n.益处　
adj.值得的,有意义的
解题关键
设空处前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词(组)有like、such as、for example、for instance、in fact/as a matter of fact、actually、in other words/that is to say等。
类型6　解释关系
[典例](2021全国甲卷节选)
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.
　39　 .Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
F
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap①
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots②
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition③
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
n.交换,交易　
n.地点　
状况良好
深度解析
空前提到“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服)”,那么设空处应当是对前文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释,F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots(让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置)”是对前文的解释和说明。
解题关键
从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者在提出观点后,紧接着就会对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词(组)有that is to say、in other words等。因此,把握文章结构,厘清作者所表达的观点至关重要。
课堂应用
A(2023全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Here’s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer.　1　 .
In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.　2　 .“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California.
G
E
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.　3　 .Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.
B
　4 　
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “　5　 .”You’ll then gradually become more patient.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了成为一个更加有耐心的人的技巧。
C
F
【答案与解析】
1.G　前一句引用了一个谜语,该谜语的意思是“交通拥堵、排长队和等待假期开始这些情况有什么共同点 ”,设空处内容是该谜语的谜底,并且该空位于第一段,应起到引入主题、总领全文的作用。结合选项可知,G选项(这些都是我们需要多点耐心的情况)既能概括谜语中提到的三种情况,又能起到引入主题的作用。故选G项。
2.E　该空位于小标题“Practice gratitude”下面。前一句说明了感激的好处,但并没有将感激与耐心相结合。后一句说明了表达感激可以培养自制力。由此可以推断,设空处应该说明感激与耐心的关系。分析选项可知,只有E选项阐述了感激与耐心的关系,其中的It指Thankfulness,并且also起到承接上文的作用。故选E项。
3.B　前一句指出养成等待这一习惯的唯一方法就是去训练,后一句用具体的例子(推迟看最喜欢的节目,吃蛋糕前多等十分钟)说明应如何训练。由此可知,设空处应该阐述如何训练,并与下文所举的例子相呼应。B选项就是训练指导,且small tasks与后文举的例子相呼应。故选B项。
4.C　设空处是本段小标题。根据前面两个小标题的特点可知,设空处应该用祈使句,符合其特点的是A、B、C三个选项,B选项已排除;结合本段中的“being comfortable is the only...experience something outside of our comfort zone”可推知,C选项(接受不适)符合语境。故选C项。
5.F　后一句提到“那样你就会逐渐变得更有耐心”,从then可以看出此句与前一句为顺承关系,由此推知,设空处应该是介绍怎么处理“不舒适”的情况,作者劝告读者怎么去做,所以F选项“这仅仅是不舒适,而不是无法忍受”符合题意。由本段中的关键词comfortable、tolerate也可以推知设空处作者给的劝告与此相关。故选F项。
B(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
A.Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C.The second draft of the essay should be better.
D.First of all,learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F.Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G.Then you can print out a fresh draft,again setting your text on triple-space.
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
　6　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free.　7　 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won’t work for everyone,it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
D
B
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.　8　 Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration,not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.　9 　 As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore,you can enter your changes into your word processor.　10 　
The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种写文章的简单技巧。
E
F
G
【答案与解析】
6.D　上文提到学会应用三种简单技巧,接下来应介绍第一条,对应D项里的First of all;下文中的write nonstop对应D项中的nonstop writing。
7.B　上文提到要不停地写并保持放松和不受限制的状态,故B项“让笔随心。”符合语境。
8.E　上文表明要快速打草稿而不要担心完美程度,下文则说:然而,通过学会与不完美共存,你会省去很多烦恼。E项“太多作者试图一次性把草稿写对。”中的right(正确)与上文中的perfect(完美)对应。
9.F　设空处上句提到要打印出一份三倍行距留有修改空间的稿子,下句则说:结果,这些作者决不会形成划掉大块草稿在空白处写修改内容的习惯。F项“很多初写文章的作者不留出足够的修改空间。”承接上文的“留出修改空间”,而“不留出足够的修改空间”引出下文的无法形成在空白处写修改内容的习惯。三句中的线索词是space和revise/revisions。
10.G　上文提到在第一次草稿被改得无处下笔后,把你的修改输入文字处理软件,下文表明这样处理后形成的空白可以使你再次修改。G项“然后再次将你的文稿设置成三倍行距打出一份新草稿。”承接上文,引出下文,衔接得当。关键词print out和triple-space对应本段第一句主题句。(共35张PPT)
第2讲　利用外在线索,巧解七选五阅读
技法1　重视明显的语篇标志
技法2　利用标点符号
目 录 索 引
技法1　重视明显的语篇标志
类型1　行文标志
(1)关注小标题
[典例](2025浙江1月卷节选)
B.Get the audience involved.
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G.As the speaker,you already know what you’re going to say.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
●Keep your audience in mind.
...
●Don’t use ten words when one will do.
...
●　39　
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor,manager,trainer or coach,you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.Ask the audience to contribute① their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts② and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
●Consider the best method to deliver your message.
B
[语境猜词]
①
②
深度解析
本题考查对段落小标题的选择,其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同,因此应用祈使句,缩小范围得知答案在A,B和D中进行选择。下文“...Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.”建议让听众参与其中。
vt.贡献　
n.概念
解题关键
若是针对段落小标题设空,其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。因此, 考生做题时,应观察其他段落标题的句式结构,然后,根据结构相同的原则, 缩小范围,选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。
(2)留意主旨句
[典例](2024全国甲卷节选)
Take your time. ...
Eat with others whenever possible. ...
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ...
　40 　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢),while eating small,healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.Avoid eating late at night.Try to eat dinner earlier and fast① for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate② weight.
合理饮食
A
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don’t swallow③ a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
解题关键
七选五所选文章通常是“总—分(—总)”结构,偶尔是“总—分—分”结构,把握住这个规律后,在“总—分”结构的文章中,观察每一部分(段落)的结构,如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领,这些主旨句往往句式相同,并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置,则该处应为段落主旨句,然后根据本段内容做出选择。
v.禁食　
vt.控制,管理　
vt.吞下,咽下
类型2　句式结构
[典例](2023全国乙卷节选)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung① heroes of the home.　36　 ,but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing② by improving their mood (心情),reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s more,indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
not only...but(also)...
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful　
B
[语境猜词]
①
②
深度解析
空格前一句提到室内植物在许多方面是家里的无名英雄,下文应对此做进一步解释,B项“它们不仅看起来漂亮”符合语境,且与空后的but构成not only...but (also)...固定句型。
adj.未受到赞颂的　
n.健康
技法2　利用标点符号
1.空后是逗号
当设空处后面是逗号,且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的从句时,则设空处为主句。若空后的句子没有从属连词引导,则设空处多为从句。
[典例1](2021全国乙卷节选)
People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than① “What do you do for a living ”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.
　37 　, it can bring in “I have this old,broken-down② vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
C.If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
C
[语境猜词]
①
②
深度解析
根据空后的逗号及其后的句子可推知,此空应该填入一个从句;再根据“‘I have this old,broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知,空处内容应询问“是如何到达的”。
除了　
adj.坏掉的
[典例2](2023全国乙卷节选)
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants,also known as houseplants or pot plants,are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species(物种) are not ideally① suited to② growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.　37　 .
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
D
[语境猜词]
①
②
深度解析
上文说在英国,许多这样的物种不适宜在室外生长,特别是在冬季,和D项“相反,它们在室内更温暖的地方长势更好”构成转折关系。
adv.理想地　
适应
[典例3]
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to①childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad,but that’s not what’s important.　39 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond② with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out③ a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
C
[语境猜词]
①
②
③　　　　 　　
深度解析
根据空前的“but that’s not what’s important”可知,空处应讲什么重要;再根据破折号后面的内容“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知,下文是对空处的解释说明。由此可知,空处应该涉及花园带给“我们”的体验,故C项“花园带给我们的体验才重要”符合语境。
追溯到　
n.联系　
制定出
4.空后是问号
当设空处后面是问号时,考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。
[典例4](2021全国乙卷节选)
　38　 If you can’t take their wine away,you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台).If you’re the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.39.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
A.How do you know the host
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
F
深度解析
根据空后的问号可知,此空应该填入一个问句,选项中只有A项和F项是问句;再根据空后“If you can’t take their wine away”中的“wine”可知,F项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达,因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。
课堂应用
A(2025八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place that’s right for you
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages,interests,abilities,and cultural backgrounds
●Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students,scholars,and alumni (校友).　1　.Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university,and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you.
●　2　
As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs.By joining the Friends,you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience, to enjoy,and to love.
G
A
●What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
　3 　.When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum,but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals.
　4　 ,and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings.
●How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy.　5 　,return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer,you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member, or when you visit the Museum Store.
E
F
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了大学艺术博物馆“Friends”项目,包括该项目涵盖的人群、加入会员的意义、会员可享受的福利以及加入方式,旨在吸引会员加入。
【答案与解析】
1.G　空白前提到博物馆会员来自不同群体,包括家庭、学生、学者和校友等。G项“朋友们(会员)是不同年龄、兴趣、能力和文化背景的人”是对博物馆会员所涵盖的人群进行更全面的描述,与上文逻辑连贯。
2.A　根据本段的“As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain...”等关键信息可知,本段是在阐述会员身份的重要性及意义,空白处是小标题,由问号可知应该是个疑问句,A项“为什么会员身份很重要”符合语境。
3.E　空白后提到成为会员能有诸多机会,如参与博物馆生活、有机会与志同道合者分享对艺术的喜爱等,E项“会员身份是你获得众多机会的入口”概述下文这些好处。
4.F　空白前列举了成为会员后的一些好处,空白后列举了一些具体好处,如他们会收到展览开幕式、讲座、旅行机会以及热闹社交聚会的邀请,空白处应该是继续说明会员能获得的权益,F项“朋友们(会员)会收到订阅的博物馆的季刊”符合语境,与“and they get...”是并列关系。
5.C　根据小标题“How do I join the Friends ”可知,空白处应该是加入博物馆会员的具体步骤,C项“只需填写会员表格”承上启下,选项中的Simply与上文中的easy相呼应,下文中的it指代选项C中的“the membership form”。
B(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
Personal Forgiveness
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don’t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human.　6　 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths.”
　7　 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page,put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one,list all the positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
　8　
D
B
F
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.　9
That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it’s true.　10 　 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
C
G
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文(总—分—总结构),主题语境是积极的生活态度,主要介绍了在错误面前如何学会适度自我原谅。
【答案与解析】
6.D　空前提到为错误承担责任是好的,但不要因为错误过分自责,人都会犯错。后句提到使用下面的写作训练来做到这一点(do this)。代词this提示设空处要提到某一种做法。D项(给自己一些宽恕同样重要)中的“show yourself some forgiveness”与后句中的do this呼应。故选D项。
7.B　本段主要说的是“Personal strengths”。空后用一系列问句点明个人优点的具体内容。最后一句中的“aspects of your personality that you’re proud of”与B项中的“characteristics you like about yourself”呼应。且B项与下一段第二句句式一致(list all the...),代入原文中语义连贯。故选B项。
8.F　本段主要说的是“Acts of kindness”。第二句提到列举所有你为他人做过的好事,第三句举例说明——帮朋友做作业,主动熨衣服,在家人累了一天后做饼干。这些都是很小的事情,与F项中的“no matter how small it might seem”呼应。F项中的write it down与文中的list呼应。故选F项。
9.C　前一句提到让朋友或家人帮助在清单上添加内容,后一句提到以那种方式,你可以和朋友或家人交换想法。浏览选项可以发现,C项中的They呼应前一句中的“a friend or family member”,代入原文后与前后文衔接自然。故选C项。
10.G　本段主要说的是人们从错误中学习。G项中的mistake与本段首句的mistakes呼应,G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”与后句中的“all changing and learning”呼应。故选G项。

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