资源简介 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideasThe D-DAY LANDINGS[1]By spring 1944， the Second World War had been raging① across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England， something unusual was happening： Allied② troops made up mainly of③ British， Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.[2]This marked④ one of the final stages⑤ of a top-secret⑥ operation that had been months， perhaps years， in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined⑦ sea， air and land operation in history， [3]the aim being to free north-west Europe from⑧ German occupation⑨.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather， moon and tides， the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. [1]“by＋表示过去的时间点”作时间状语，句子谓语用过去完成时（或过去完成进行时）。 [2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词operation。 [3]“名词＋动词-ing短语”构成的独立主格结构。An order [4]issued⑩ by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read： “Your task will not be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...But this is the year 1944 ...The tide has turned！ The free men of the world are marching together to Victory！ I have full confidence in your courage， devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！” [5]With these words ringing in their ears， Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June， thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile， thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy， protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective was clear： to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war， few could have been prepared for the violence and horror [6]they would experience there. [4]过去分词短语issued by ...作后置定语。[5]With these words ringing in their ears是with复合结构作状语；what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。 [6]they would experience there是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句。The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.[7]Boats were hit and men drowned， while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid-morning， hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled [8]how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him： “I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed； three were injured.That’s how lucky you had to be.” [7]while连接并列句，意为“而，然而”，表示对比；who引导定语从句。 [8]how引导宾语从句，且句中含有with复合结构。But， despite the high cost in human life， the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944， the Allies had reached the River Seine， Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany， [9]where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.As part of this solemn and moving occasion ， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon：They shall grow not old， as we that are left grow old：Age shall not weary them， nor the years condemn .At the going down of the sun and in the morningWe will remember them.Survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.[10]Although each year they are fewer in number， their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them — as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. [9]where引导定语从句；动词-ing短语moving in from the east作后置定语。[10]Although引导让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。【读文清障】①rage v.（暴风雨、战斗等）猛烈地继续；激烈进行②allied adj.（第二次世界大战）同盟国的troop n.部队；军队③（be） made up of 由……组成④mark v.标志；表明⑤stage n.阶段；时期⑥top-secret adj.绝密的a top-secret operation 绝密行动⑦combined adj.联合的combination n.结合，组合⑧free ...from 将……从……中解放出来；使……摆脱……⑨occupation n.侵占，占领⑩issue v.宣布，公布 commander n.指挥官，长官 have （ ...） confidence in 对……有信心 nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于 ring v.回响，响彻 prepare for 为……做准备 at dawn 在黎明，清晨 parachute n.降落伞 journey n.&v.（尤指长途）旅行journey across 穿越，穿过 the English Channel英吉利海峡 objective n.目的，目标 in the depths of 在……的深处；深陷…… violence n.暴力violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的 horror n.惊恐 make it 获得成功；准时到达 recall v.回想，回忆起 barely adv.勉强才能 cost n.（为做某事涉及的）努力，代价，损失 success n.成功的事 be seen as 被看作 liberate v.解放（城市、国家等） remove ...from 把……从……中去除 meet up with （按照安排）与……会合，见面 memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的 solemn adj.严肃的，庄重的 occasion n.场合 weary v.（使）非常疲倦 condemn v.迫使（某人）处于不幸的境地 outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的【参考译文】诺曼底登陆1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。 盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年……时局已经发生转变！全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！”盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。但就算是深陷战争，也很少有人能够做好准备，面临即将发生的残暴和恐怖。 奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。上午10点左右已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人，第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的，我俩之间的士兵全被击中了，其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。”尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。在1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗读了劳伦斯·比尼恩《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段：我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去：他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。每当夕阳西下，每当清晨来临，我们都会想起他们。诺曼底登陆的幸存者每年都会相聚并纪念他们在登陆那天失去的战友和朋友。虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们，以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。第一步：析架构理清脉络Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.第二步：知细节明察秋毫Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1.What is the aim of “Operation Overlord”？（ ）A.To make up Allied troops.B.To plan a top-secret operation.C.To free north-west Europe from German occupation.D.To combine weather with sea.2.What does the sentence “The tide has turned！” in Paragraph 2 suggest？（ ）A.The tide has gone out.B.The tide was in Allied troops’ favour.C.The tide of the year 1944 was extraordinary.D.The tide tended to be severe.3.What can we learn from the scenes one soldier recalled？（ ）A.The fighting was very fierce.B.The enemy were very wise.C.Heavy machine gunfire was terrible.D.Tanks were of little use.4.What can we know about Laurence Binyon in the passage？（ ）A.He was a former soldier.B.He was a survivor.C.He was a commander.D.He was a poet.5.How does the passage mainly develop？ （ ）A.By following the order of space.B.By following the order of time.C.By making classifications.D.By making comparison.第三步：拓思维品质提升Discuss the following questions with your partner.1.What is the passage mainly about？ 2.What is your feeling when reading the passage？ 第四步：品语言妙笔生辉Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person. 第五步：析难句表达升级1.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months，perhaps years，in the planning.句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 从句。自主翻译 2.With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导 从句，what在宾语从句中作 。With these words ringing in their ears为with复合结构作 。自主翻译 3.Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.句式分析 本句为while连接的 句。前一个分句中men drowned为 句；后一个分句中，who引导 从句，修饰先行词 。自主翻译 4.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany，where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导 从句，修饰先行词 。自主翻译 5.Seventy years later，men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel，where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.句式分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导 从句，修饰先行词men；where引导 从句，修饰先行词the English Channel。自主翻译 Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释commander n.指挥官，长官【教材原句】 An order issued by Supreme Allied commander General Eisenhower to the troops read ...盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道……【用法】command n. 指令；命令；控制v. 命令；控制under one’s command 在某人的指挥下have a good command of 精通command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that sb （should） do sth 命令某人做某事【佳句】 At dawn， the commander commanded the soldiers make an attack.黎明时分，指挥官命令士兵们发动进攻。【练透】 补全句子①The army is .军队由国王直接统帅。②I English.我的英语很好。【写美】 翻译句子③领导命令所有成员都致力于营救工作。 nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于【教材原句】 We will accept nothing less than full Victory！ 我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！【用法】nothing like 完全不像；根本不像nothing more than 仅仅，不过是nothing but 仅仅，只，只是nothing much 不很多，不太重要【佳句】 The beauty of that landscape is nothing less than breathtaking.那片风景的美丽简直令人惊叹。【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子①There’s nothing candlelight for creating a romantic atmosphere.②All he could do was wait.他所能做的就是等。【写美】 翻译句子③她只不过是一个普通人。 prepare for 为……做准备【教材原句】 With these words ringing in their ears， Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。【用法】（1）prepare sb for sth 使某人对某事做好准备prepare sth 准备好某物（2）preparation n. 准备为……做准备（3）prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的be prepared for 为……做好了准备be prepared to do sth 准备做某事；愿意做某事【佳句】 To help us prepare for the exam， the teacher suggested us reading through our notes.为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。【练透】 单句语法填空①People are not really prepared （talk） about these kinds of personal problems.②Standing on the starting line， the boys began to stretch out their arms and legs preparation for the match.【写美】 一句多译③他们已为将要发生的事情做了准备。→They what will happen.（preparation）→They what will happen.（prepare）→They what will happen.（prepared）objective n.目的，目标【教材原句】 Their objective was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。【用法】（1）object n. 物体；目标；对象v. 反对；不赞成object to sb/sth 反对/不赞成某人/某事object to （sb’s） doing ... 反对（某人）做……（2）objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成have an objection to （doing）... 对……表示反对【佳句】 You must set a realistic objective for yourself.你必须为自己设定一个能够实现的目标。【练透】 单句语法填空①It is obvious that he objects to （solve） frictions with violence.②Mike decided to move to the countryside and his wife had no objection it.【写美】 一句多译③这位杰出的科学家强烈反对不懂装懂。→The outstanding scientist strongly to understand.（object）→The outstanding scientist to understand.（objection）memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的【教材原句】 Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。【用法】（1）memorize v. 记住，记忆memorize a poem 记住一首诗（2）memory n. 记忆力；回忆have a good memory for 善于记忆……in memory of 作为对……的纪念（3）memorable adj. 难忘的；值得纪念的a truly memorable occasion 非常难忘的时刻【佳句】 The monument was built in memory of those who sacrificed their lives in the war.这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些在战争中牺牲的人建立的。【练透】 单句语法填空①One of the biggest challenges in learning English is that we should （memory） so many new words every day.②He’d a good memory faces， and he was sure he hadn’t seen her before.【写美】 补全句子③Last July， I went to Australia for summer vacation with my best friend Lisa， .去年7月，我和我最好的朋友丽莎一起去澳大利亚过暑假，这对我来说真的是一次难忘的回忆。Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构句型公式：独立主格结构【教材原句】 Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea， air and land operation in history， the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。【用法】句中的the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。（1）独立主格结构的意义：独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，在句中一般作状语。其位置比较灵活，可置于主句前、主句中、主句末。（2）独立主格结构的两个特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。（3）独立主格结构的基本构成形式：①名词/代词＋非谓语动词（过去分词/动词-ing形式/动词不定式）。②名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词。【品悟】 The work finished， we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。【写美】 微写作①我们学校有三个大型多媒体教室，每个教室都配备了最新的电脑。（告知信）We have three large multi-media classrooms in our school， .②听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。（动作描写）Hearing their plan， Bernard jumped with joy， .③由于没有公交车，我们不得不步行回家。 ， we had to walk home.提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ10 / 10Section Ⅲ Developing ideasLIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND COMMITMENTThroughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like “war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense⑥ challenges.In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda. [1]as引导原因状语从句。[2]while连接的并列句，while意为“而，然而”，表示对比两种事物。Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said. With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：【读文清障】①passion n.强烈情感，激情②romantically adv.浪漫地romantic adj.浪漫的③academic adj.学术的④refer to ...as ...把……称为……⑤symbolic adj.象征性的symbol n.象征⑥immense adj.巨大的⑦aggression n.侵略aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的⑧occupy v.占领，占据⑨bomb v.轰炸⑩intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的intellectual heritage 知识遗产 associated adj.联合的 epic adj.漫长而艰难的 a distance of ... ……的距离 light up 照亮，点亮 conditions n.条件，环境condition n.[U] 状况，状态 rough adj.简单的；粗糙的 dire adj.极其严重的dire shortages of严重短缺…… disrupt v.扰乱disruption n.扰乱 daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的 guard v. 保护，保卫，看守n. 警卫，看守 fortify v.激励，加强 emerge v.出现emergence n.出现，兴起 lay the foundation for为……奠定基础 hold down 按压，压住 shirk v.逃避 commitment n.献身，奉献 a great many 许多（人），大量 resist v.抵制，抵抗resistance n.抵抗resistant adj.有抵抗力的 invader n.侵略者，侵略军invade v.侵略invasion n.侵略 serve as 担任，担当 depict v.描述，描写 peer n.同龄人；同辈 [3]本句为强调句，强调地点状语right in this place，时间状语over a period of eight long years作插入语，还包含了not only ...but （also） ...句型。[4]本句真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语；if not most为省略句。[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因状语，and连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；There is no trace of the footprints of history；Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication .In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era . physically adv.实物地，有形地 prominent adj.著名的，杰出的 perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 dedication n.奉献 representative n.代表 anniversary n.周年纪念日 collective adj.集体的；共同的 era n.时代，年代【参考译文】联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2，000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献：静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，还下着密雨，还吹着细风，没有人知道历史曾在此走过，留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80周年。尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。第一步：析架构理清脉络Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.第二步：知细节明察秋毫Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1.What is the function of Paragraph 1？（ ）A.To lead to the topic.B.To summarize the whole passage.C.To set an example.D.To explain the word “war”.2.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）A.Brave. B.Impressive.C.Long and difficult. D.Large.3.Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？（ ）A.To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.B.To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.C.To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.D.To stress they have suffered hardships.4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities？（ ）A.Because of a product of the war.B.Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.C.Because of its collective memory.D.Because of the honour of the nation.第三步：拓思维品质提升Discuss the following questions with your partner.1.What is the main idea of the passage？ 2.What do you learn from the passage？ 第四步：析难句表达升级1.However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.句式分析 despite构成的介词短语作 ；it was ...that ...为 ，强调了地点状语right in this place；not only ...but （also） ...连接了guarded和fortified。自主翻译 2.It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.句式分析 that引导的 从句为真正的主语，it作 。自主翻译 Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释refer to ...as ...把……称为……；把……叫作……【教材原句】 Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”.纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。【用法】（1）refer to 提到；参考，查阅；指的是（2）reference n. 提及；参考；查阅reference book 参考书；工具书【佳句】 Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families get together in China.在中国，春节被认为是家人团聚的日子。【点津】 （1）refer的过去式和过去分词均为referred，动词-ing形式为referring。（2）在表示“查阅”时，refer to 后多接参考资料，如refer to the dictionary； look up后多接查阅的内容，如look up a new word in the dictionary。【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary. ②She referred to the subject several times during her speech. ③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you. ④This （refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.【写美】 补全句子⑤They always a book worm because I am addicted to reading.他们总是说我是书虫，因为我沉迷于阅读。lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础【教材原句】 “Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。【用法】lay aside 把……放在一边lay off 停止；解雇lay out 布置，安排，设计lay down 放下；制定（条例或原则）【佳句】 What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for our future.我们在学校正学习的课程将为我们的将来打下基础。【练透】 单句语法填空①When the boss told him he would be laid ， his mind went blank.②The brochure is beautifully laid and illustrated.【写美】 补全句子③It is important for us all to .对我们所有人来说，抛开偏见是很重要的。hold down 按压；压住，压低【教材原句】 “On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he said.“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。【用法】hold on 坚持；（打电话时用语）别挂断hold on to 紧紧抓住hold back 阻碍，克制，隐瞒hold out 坚持；维持；伸出hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁【佳句】 He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that they might be blown away by the wind.他拿了本词典压住试卷，以防被风吹走。【练透】 用hold的相关短语填空①When he left the telephone to find a pen， he asked me to .②He tried to for higher pay by rejecting signature to the contract.【写美】 补全句子③ ， the man and began to blow the horn loudly.由于交通阻塞，那个人按捺不住怒气，开始大声按喇叭。fight against 与……抗争【教材原句】 In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.1937年，杨（靖宇）成为东北抗日联军领导人，并与日本侵略者进行游击战。【用法】fight for 为……而斗争fight with 与……一起战斗（奋斗）fight back 还击，抑制住（尤指情感）fight off 抵抗；击退fight with sb about/over sth 跟某人争辩某事【佳句】 In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany with France.在第二次世界大战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。【练透】 单句语法填空①I hope they continue to fight equal justice after I’m gone.②I will not stay behind. I will fight you to rescue him.【写美】 补全句子③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to .我静静地站在那里，喉咙哽咽，拼命想忍住眼泪。lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西【教材原句】 In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...20世纪40年代初，面对物资严重缺乏，杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……【用法】（1）lack sth 缺乏/少某物（没有被动语态）lack for 需要，需求（2）（a） lack of ... 缺乏……for lack of 因缺乏……（3）lacking adj. 缺少的（不可置于名词前）be lacking in sth 缺少某物【点津】 lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语，常与in连用。【写美】 一句多译由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。→ ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack n.）→Because ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）break through 突破；冲破（障碍）；（在某领域）有进展或突破【教材原句】 ...Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...……杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……【用法】break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（化学）分解；（谈判等）失败break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）break into 强行闯入；突然……起来break away from 脱离；挣脱break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生【佳句】 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.科学家认为他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。【练透】 用break的相关短语填空①The peace talks with no agreement reached.②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to .③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war would soon.【写美】 补全句子④Nowadays many farmers want to and make a living in cities.现在许多农民都不愿务农，想到城里谋生。Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构句型公式：not only ...but also ...连接并列成分【教材原句】 ...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.……国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。【用法】（1）not only ...but also ...常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。（2）not only ...but also ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but also后的分句不倒装。【品悟】 Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.通过展览，您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。【写美】 微写作/句式升级①我加入篮球队，从中我不但了解了团队合作的重要性，还增强了我的体质。I join the basketball team， where I strengthen my body.②不仅学生们而且他们的老师也很喜欢这部电影。Not only the students but also their teacher a lot.③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they are also crucial for the global climate development.→ ， but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒装句）句型公式：It is＋名词＋that从句【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……【用法】本句中含有“It is＋名词＋that从句（常用的名词为a pity， an honour， a shame， no wonder等）”结构。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。常见的句型还有：（1）It＋be＋形容词＋that从句（用于此句型的形容词有wonderful，important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等）（2）It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句（常用的过去分词有announced， believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等）（3）It＋不及物动词（seem， appear， happen等）＋that从句（4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了【品悟】 It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.他竟然没通过考试，太可惜了！【写美】 微写作①由于旅游有这些优势，难怪旅游如今在中国越来越受欢迎。（演讲稿）With these advantages of travel， travel has now become more and more popular in China.②据估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿） at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.③为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的。To fully realize your potential， .提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ10 / 10Section Ⅱ Using language主谓一致（1）①Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...②The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.③Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.【我的发现】1.句①、句②中，enemy是集体名词，当集体名词表示一个整体时，谓语动词用 数形式；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用 数形式。2.句③中，集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用 数形式。一、主谓一致概述 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上必须和主语保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。本章节我们主要讲解意义一致原则。二、意义一致原则的用法 主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数形式，但表示复数含义，随后的谓语动词便用复数形式；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数形式，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的谓语动词也用单数形式。这种一致关系叫作“意义一致”。用法如下：1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致（1）集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的各个成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有： family， class， team， group， enemy， army， audience， band， club， crowd， staff， committee， company， crew， government， public等。There was a big audience at the evening party.晚会上观众很多。The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot.剧情给观众留下了深刻的印象。The football team is being organized.这支足球队正在组建。（2）个别集体名词，如people， police， cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。How many people were present at the meeting？有多少人参加了会议？The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.牛群正在山脚下吃草。2.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数，如means，sheep， deer， works等。Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经被尝试过很多次了。All possible means have been tried many times.所有可能的方法都试过很多次了。This works was built in 1982.这个工厂是1982年建的。3.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致单数概念的复数形式名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等）作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式，如：physics，mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s Fairy Tales等。Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.数学对我而言似乎很难。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的书。【即时演练1】 单句语法填空①Almost every family in the country （own） a television.②All my family （be） fond of skiing.③A committee of five men and three women （be） to consider the matter.④At this time yesterday the police （seek） more information from witnesses.⑤Physics （be） a difficult subject for most students.4.“两部分”概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但是如果这些词由单位词（a pair of， a kind of， a suit of， a piece of等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词有chopsticks， compasses， glasses， gloves， jeans， pants， scissors， shoes， shorts， socks， trousers等。My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.那个抽屉里放着一把剪刀。These kinds of glasses are very popular this summer.这几种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。5.表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles， dollars， pounds， kilograms， kilometres， centimetres， millimetres， seconds， hours， years等。Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.对于等待一个答案来说，三周是一段很长的时间。Twenty kilometres is a quite long distance.二十公里是一段相当长的距离。6.“the＋形容词或过去分词”表示一类人作主语时的主谓一致“the＋形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如 “the＋形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.最后，伤员们被村民们救起。The wounded in the accident was a policeman.这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。【即时演练2】 补全句子①Usually， the wise .通常，智者只听不说。②After they learn about relevant information， the old are for the decision but the young .了解相关信息之后，老年人赞成这一决定，但是年轻人反对它。③Twenty years .20年在一个人的一生中是一段很长的时间。④A suit of gloves last Sunday.上个星期天公共汽车上落下了一副手套。remove ...from 将……从……中移开（拿走、除掉）；将某人从……撤职（免职）【教材原句】 They work to disarm combatants and to secure weapons and ammunition， removing them from use.他们致力于解除战斗人员的武装，保护武器和弹药，使其停止使用。【用法】（1）remove v. 移开，拿开；脱去，摘下；去除，排除；免除remove into 搬进remove ...to 把……搬到，把……迁移到remove one’s doubts 消除某人的疑虑（2）removal n. 移动，去除；免职，解职【佳句】 The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.这些人来清除后院的垃圾。【练透】 单句语法填空①As a consequence of the （remove） of computer virus， the system quickly returns to normal.②He removed the painting the wall of another room.【写美】 补全句子③When I have difficulty in oral English， what you said .当我在英语口语有困难时，你所说的话完全消除了我的疑虑。（感谢信）be based on 以……为基础【教材原句】 Act out an interview based on the information you have found.根据你找到的信息表演一场面试。【用法】（1）base v. 以……为基础n. 基部；基础；基地base ...on/upon 把……建立在……基础之上a millitary base 军事基地（2）basis n. 基础；根据on the basis of sth 在某事的基础上；根据某事（3）basic adj. 基本的；基础的basic facts 基本事实（4）basically adv. 基本上；从根本上说【佳句】 This film is based on a true story that touched the hearts of many people.这部电影基于一个感动了许多人的真实故事。【练透】 单句语法填空①She always reminds us that the （base） rule we should follow is to be kind to others.【写美】 一句多译②这本书以作者的亲身经历为根据，反映了文化之间的差异。→The book the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（base）→The book the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（basis）提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ5 / 5UNIT 3 War and peace单元话题导入 本单元涉及的主题语境内容是战争与和平。本单元语篇从不同角度讨论了战争给人们带来的伤害和影响，介绍了不同历史背景下的英雄们在维护和平的过程中所扮演的重要角色，旨在通过“战争与和平”这一话题，引导我们认识战争的残酷与和平的重要性，意识到虽然身处和平年代，仍要居安思危、不忘过往，从而培养我们对和平的热爱与向往。看图感悟语境，选词填空。invade， sacrifice， condemn， despite， be involved in， regardless of1. the fact that people are eager for peace， many countries the modern war.2.To our astonishment， some countries other countries the safety of people， which brings great disaster to mankind.3.In the war， many people their lives or became disabled.People the war， which draws attention of the whole world.1 / 1单元素养提升◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价 ◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 回顾单元知识·提高语言能力一、 核心单词1. n.目的，目标2. n.海岸线3. n.坦克4. v.回想，回忆起5. adv.勉强才能6. adj.纪念的，追悼的7. adj.杰出的，优秀的8. n.制服9. v.轰炸10. n.冲突，摩擦11. n.武器，兵器12. adj.学术的13. v.出现14. n.代表15. n.金额，款项16. n.谷物，粮食Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空1.Realism was an artistic movement that in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century.2.Tsinghua University， founded in 1911， is home to a great number of figures.3.He suffered a serious injury in the leg so he was able to stand.4.The schools here offer different after-class activities.For them social skills are more important than achievements.5.The school agreed to form a committee mainly consisting of of teachers and parents.6.Yesterday I went back to my primary school， where my teachers and I our good old days.7.Although the seems difficult to reach at present， we will keep working hard until we succeed.8.A stone was dedicated to those killed in the war.9.An enormous of money is invested each year into the convenience store market.二、拓展单词1. adj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violence n.暴力2. n.惊恐→horrible adj.令人惊恐的3. v.解放（城市、国家等）→liberation n.解放4. n.稳固，稳定→stable adj.稳定的5. n.侵略→aggressive adj.侵略性的→aggressively adv.侵略地6. adj.智力的，脑力的→intellectually adv.智力地，智力上7. n.侵略者，侵略军→invade v.侵略→invasion n.侵略8. n.辉煌的成就；荣耀的事→glorious adj.光荣的，荣耀的9. n.奉献→dedicate v.把……奉献给→dedicated adj.献身的，专心致志的10. adj.有关的，切题的→relevance n.意义，相关性→relevantly adv.相关地Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Li Bai grew up in the most （glory） period of the Tang Dynasty， a time of economic boom and social stability.2.The detective checked the scene of the （violent） and took the suspect’s fingerprints.3.The old man is said to have gone through many hardships before （liberate）.4.Teaching activities in the classroom is a complicated， （intellectual） and physically demanding task.5.With a certain amount of （dedicate） and determination， you can achieve a great deal.6.Being back with their family should provide emotional （stable） for the children.7.We need to assess the （relevant） of each option before making a decision.8.The country is on high alert against the possible （invade） being planned by the enemy.三、重点短语1. 由……组成2. 使……摆脱3. 对……有信心4. 简直是；极其；不亚于5. 为……做准备6. 获得成功；准时到达7. 与……会合；见面8. 想出，提出9. 由于10. 把……称为……11. 一种……感12. 按住13. 一大笔14. 缺乏15. 突围16. 追查，追踪17. 与……作斗争18. 为了纪念Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空1.To achieve a goal， you must yourself.2.The voluntary group mainly high school students.3.When you challenges， welcome them.4.When she heard that the exam was coming soon， she began to work hard to it.5. the heavy rain， there were many vacant seats in the theatre this evening.6.The police knocked over the suspect and his head onto the ground.7.What he has achieved is a miracle， which surprises everyone.8.The voluntary service saved you money for finding your pets.四、经典句式1.独立主格结构Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea， air and land operation in history， （目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区）.2.not only ...but also ...连接并列成分...the nation’s intellectual heritage （不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化） by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.3.It is＋名词＋that从句 （难怪） many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.He lay in the bed， .他躺在床上，头枕在胳膊上。2.The activity their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation.该活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识，还可以培养他们的中国诗歌欣赏能力。3.He works hard. high marks.他学习努力。难怪他会取得那么高的分数。整合话题元素·增强思维品质一、和平之路1.humanity n. 人类2.purpose n. 目的3.moral n. 品行，道德4.support v. 支持5.cruelty n. 残酷，残酷行为6.motivation n. 动机，动力7.peacekeeping adj. 维持和平的8.mission n. 使命9.monitor v. 监督，检查10.peace process 和平进程11.experience v. 经历，体验12.friction n. 冲突，摩擦13.agreement n. 协议，协定14.secure v. 使安全15.measure n. 方式，方法，措施16.stability n. 稳固，稳定17.aim n. 目标18.reestablish v. 重建19.on standby 待命20.play an important role in 在……中扮演重要角色21.peacekeeping forces 维和部队22.high-valued adj. 受到高度尊重的23.praise n. 赞扬24.guard v. 守卫，保卫25.fortify v. 激励，加强二、战争与和平的重大意义1.lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础2.contribution n. 贡献3.physical adj. 实物的，有形的4.crowning adj. 使圆满的，使完美的5.glory n. 辉煌的成就；荣耀的事6.priceless adj. 无价的，极珍贵的7.collective adj. 集体的；共同的8.memory n. 记忆9.blueprint n. 蓝图10.era n. 时代，年代11.break through 取得突破12.blow n. 打击13.contribute to 有助于，促成14.honour n. 光荣，荣誉三、英雄形象1.emerge v. 出现2.shirk one’s duty 逃避责任3.drive v. 驱动，推动4.serve as 担任5.defend v. 保卫6.resist v. 抵抗，抵制7.translator n. 翻译8.interpreter n. 口译工作者9.depict v. 描述，描写10.prominent adj. 著名的，杰出的11.talented adj. 有天赋的12.spirit n. 精神13.perseverance n. 毅力；韧性14.dedication n. 奉献15.representative n. 代表memorate v. 庆祝，为……举行纪念活动17.fight against 与……作斗争四、军事行动1.aggression n. 侵略2.attack n.& vt. 攻击3.battle n. 战斗；战役4.conflict n. 冲突5.occupation n. 占领6.revolution n. 革命7.bomb vt. 轰炸8.defend vt.& vi. 保卫，防御9.launch vt. 发动，发射10.surround vt. 包围11.weapon n. 武器12.declare war on ... 向……宣战6 / 6学习讲义部分UNIT 1 Face values单元话题导入1.appearance； inner 2.loyalty； challenges； selflessSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.plain-looking 2.addicted 3.confidence 4.misjudge5.care about 6.worthless 7.overlooked 8.bothered9.beauty 10.being healthy第二步1－4 DCBC第三步1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.第四步1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.第五步1.that 主语 表语爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？2.定语 定语 that那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。3.表语 非限制性定语那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。4.主语 宾语 定语 宾语我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①to be ②to learn ③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed. It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.2.①to be ②to be doing ③to have grasped ④not to have known3.①往往会 ②照顾，照料 ③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively4.①in ②identically ③are identical to/with5.①with ②impressive ③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on6.①to recover ②to protect ③spares no effort to raise7.①花费时间精力（做某事） ②打扰，烦扰 ③asking④to correct ⑤put you to any bother； bother you8.①being defeated/having been defeated ②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that重点句型解构1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work2.①It is five years since ②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating ③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。Section Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.连接代词 宾语 2.it即时演练1①that ②whether/if ③that ④Whether ⑤whether/if即时演练2①what ②Which ③Why ④how you’re dressed⑤Where the English evening party will be held⑥Whoever wants to go climbing即时演练3①has ②is ③are【知识要点·须拾遗】 ①on ②assumed ③that④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairmanSection Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.captured 2.mercy 3.death 4.sadness 5.rescued第二步1－4 CBAA第三步 Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.第四步1.时间状语每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。2.倒装我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。3.宾语 原因状语我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①merciful ②to ③at the mercy of the weather2.①to ②announce sentence on3.①to compete ②in ③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing重点句型解构1.①followed by her little daughter ②Encouraged by his uncle2.①can we make a difference ②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also ③do some people attach to satisfying their own needsSection Ⅳ Writing about a literary work【演练佳作·写美文】写作步骤二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.2.He is a great American writer.3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.四、 The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.【教材词汇·练续写】 The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.self-critical 2.boost 3.pretend 4.dormitory5.overlook 6.bother 7.pill 8.welfare 9.accent10.immense 11.resemble 12.repayⅠ.1.overlooked 2.pretended 3.welfare 4.pills 5.bothers二、1.acknowledge 2.identical 3.saving 4.psychology 5.finding 6.novelist 7.comprehension 8.motiveⅡ.1.comprehension 2.novelists 3.psychologist4.acknowledgement 5.finding三、1.tend to 2.a desire for 3.lose weight 4.be surprised at 5.come across 6.a lack of 7.keep fit 8.leave an impression on 9.with confidence 10.transform ...into11.regard ...as 12.in reality 13.in silence 14.adjust to 15.attempt to doⅢ.1.transformed into 2.a lack of 3.adjust to 4.tend to5.in silence 6.a desire for四、1.That’s why2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important3.Ever since I was little4.Published in 18315.Never have I viewedⅣ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion2.It is clear that3.Ever since we met4.Founded in 16365.Not once have they quarrelledUNIT 2 A life’s work单元话题导入1.at the cost of 2.pursuit 3.overcame； be used for4.representative； devotedSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.photographers 2.fashion 3.uncomplicated 4.benefits5.photo第二步1－4 CACD第三步1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.第四步 （1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.第五步1.让步状语 定语虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。2.主语 定语此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。3.表语他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。4.让步状语 定语他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①from； to ②beyond ③and ④a wide range of2.①fascinating ②fascinated ③to collect3.①of ②fashionable ③in fashion； fashionable4.①to ②devotion ③writing ④devoted ⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to5.①up ②aside ③off ④into6.①n.方法 ②v.靠近 ③v.处理，对付 ④solving ⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching7.①for ②about ③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion重点句型解构 ①It is at this moment that ②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that ③Was it because Jack came late for school that ④How was it thatSection Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.代词 2.副词即时演练①because ②how ③whether ④when ⑤what⑥that ⑦why they put erasers on pencils ⑧It sounds as if ⑨seems as if/though ⑩whether we can finish our work【知识要点·须拾遗】1.①trials ②by ③on trial2.①有助于 ②投稿 ③contributions ④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.Section Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.masters 2.maximum 3.endless 4.skills 5.modest第二步1－4 BDBA第三步1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.第四步1.过去完成时 宾语 定语要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。2.完全倒装这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。3.状语 让步状语王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。4.形式主语 that引导的主语从句 时间状语 表人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①original ②in ③originated from ancient times2.①over ②in ③took place3.①with ②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness4.①off ②alone ③leave out/aside the others’ feelings5.①to ②of ③has cast light on重点句型解构1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner ②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made ③rained； should rain； were to rain2.①stands a magnificent building ②lies a parkSection Ⅳ Writing an expository essay【演练佳作·写美文】写作步骤二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.四、 The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.【教材词汇·练续写】 Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.pose 2.grocery 3.celebrity 4.trial 5.hydrogen 6.precious 7.antique 8.polish 9.bark 10.essay 11.compriseⅠ.1.comprised 2.essay 3.precious 4.posed 5.trial 6.antique二、1.fashion 2.fascination 3.uncomplicated4.restoration 5.maximum 6.preserve 7.modest8.dominate 9.architecture 10.ambitious 11.associate12.analysisⅡ.1.association 2.preservation 3.ambitious 4.analysis5.fascinating 6.fashionable 7.dominant三、1.belong to 2.devotion to 3.take off 4.rather than 5.lack of 6.focus on 7.pass away 8.day in， day out 9.originate from 10.range from ...to 11.bring ...back to life 12.neither ...nor 13.pass on ...to 14.take on15.take upⅢ.1.devotion to 2.took off 3.bringing； back to life4.pass on； to 5.originate from 6.take on四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known2.Among these is the clock restoration master3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphorⅣ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made2.was his friend Jim3.Neither the students nor the teacher knowsUNIT 3 War and peace单元话题导入1.Despite； are involved in 2.invade； regardless of3.sacrificed； condemnSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.background 2.order 3.stage 4.outcome 5.brave第二步1－5 CBADB第三步1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.第四步 （1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...第五步1.定语这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。2.宾语 主语 伴随状语盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。3.并列 省略 定语 those船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。4.定语 Germany之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。5.定语 定语70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①under the king’s direct command ②have a good command of ③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.2.①like ②nothing but ③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.3.①to talk ②in ③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for4.①solving ②to ③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending5.①memorize ②for ③which was really a memorable experience for me重点句型解构 ①each equipped with the newest computers②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes③There being no busesSection Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.单 复 2.复即时演练1①owns ②are ③is ④were seeking ⑤is即时演练2①are listening not speaking ②are against it ③is a long time in one’s life ④was left on the bus【知识要点·须拾遗】1.①removal ②to ③has completely removed my doubts2.①basic ②is based on； is on the basis ofSection Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.What is real war 2.Lianda 3.conditions 4.contributions 5.glory第二步1－4 ACCB第三步1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.第四步1.让步状语 强调句然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。2.主语 形式主语难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①参考 ②提及 ③指的是 ④reference ⑤refer to me as2.①off ②out ③lay aside our prejudices3.①hold on ②hold out ③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger4.①for ②with ③fight back tears5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience6.①broke down ②break in ③break out ④break away from farming重点句型解构1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also②likes the film ③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us2.①it is no wonder that ②It has been calculated that③it is important that you make the most of our school resourcesSection Ⅳ Writing about a war hero【演练佳作·写美文】写作步骤二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.7.So the Japanese killed her.8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.四、 Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.【教材词汇·练续写】 On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.objective 2.coastline 3.tank 4.recall 5.barely 6.memorial 7.outstanding 8.uniform 9.bomb10.friction 11.weapon 12.academic 13.emerge14.representative 15.sum 16.grainⅠ.1.emerged 2.outstanding 3.barely 4.academic5.representatives 6.recalled 7.objective 8.memorial 9.sum二、1.violent 2.horror 3.liberate 4.stability5.aggression 6.intellectual 7.invader 8.glory9.dedication 10.relevantⅡ.1.glorious 2.violence 3.liberation 4.intellectually 5.dedication 6.stability 7.relevance 8.invasion三、1.be made up of 2.free ...from 3.have confidence in4.nothing less than 5.prepare for 6.make it 7.meet up with 8.come up with 9.due to 10.refer to ...as ... 11.a sense of 12.hold down 13.a large sum of14.a lack of 15.break through 16.track down17.fight against 18.in memory ofⅢ.1.have confidence in 2.was made up of 3.meet up with4.prepare for 5.Due to 6.held down 7.nothing less than 8.a large sum of四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation2.was not only guarded but fortified3.It is no wonder thatⅣ.1.his head resting on his arm2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate3.It is no wonder that he has obtainedUNIT 4 A glimpse of the future单元话题导入1.are likely to； achievements 2.imagination3.advanced； technological 4.With the development ofSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.thoughts 2.a lot easier 3.challenges 4.problems5.dangerous 6.embrace第二步1－4 BACC第三步1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.第四步1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！第五步1.定语 that或which 宾语因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。2.并列 表语 时间状语唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①to read ②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting2.①With ②assistant ③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture3.①with/and ②by ③make a contrast with； contrast with4.①out ②around ③on ④hang on to those old photos5.①to ②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution6.①to become ②potentially ③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential7.①as ②beyond ③for ④are capable of finishing8.①forward ②into ③took a leap9.①to read ②for ③illegally ④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.重点句型解构1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back ②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying ③Neither she nor her friends④either in China or in other countries2.①If not ②If so ③if necessary ④if livingSection Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.of后的名词的数 2.单 3.单 4.单即时演练1①are ②is ③was ④is ⑤have been sent⑥hasn’t been decided ⑦is即时演练2①was ②was sent ③is ④are ⑤am ⑥is ⑦goes【知识要点·须拾遗】1.①at ②assessment ③assess whether the system works well2.①for ②are bound to be thrilled3.①in ②to be told ③（should） be cleanedSection Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.a live dog 2.was different from 3.views 4.desperate 5.counted第二步1－5 ABDDC第三步1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.第四步1.并列 原因状语 比较状语穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。2.非限制性定语 结果状语环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。3.条件状语 伴随 宾语 时间状语 宾语只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①desperately ②desperation ③Desperate to be a volunteer2.①in ②at/by ③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear3.①faulty ②with ③at ④It is not your fault that4.①on ②comments ③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on5.①consistently ②in ③is entirely consistent with重点句型解构 ①so that you can make full preparations for it②so that I got a good seat ③in order to； so as toSection Ⅳ Continuing a sci-fi story【演练佳作·写美文】写作步骤 Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.【教材词汇·练续写】 I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.victim 2.capacity 3.leap 4.regulate 5.client6.cite 7.cell 8.bound 9.cycle 10.demand 11.slope12.hop 13.frown 14.clue 15.consistentⅠ.1.clues 2.victims 3.consistent 4.capacity 5.bound6.frown 7.demand二、1.artificial 2.assistant 3.potentially 4.analyse5.illegal 6.immoral 7.assess 8.mechanical9.imitation 10.tightly 11.desperate 12.faultyⅡ.1.imitation 2.analysis 3.illegally 4.assistants5.assessment 6.desperately 7.mechanically 8.faulty三、1.happen to sb 2.so far 3.used to 4.in contrast5.hang out 6.be susceptible to 7.be capable of8.wipe out 9.lie in 10.agree on 11.go through12.the difference between ...and ... 13.as though14.change one’s mind 15.be bound toⅢ.1.lie in 2.is bound to 3.is capable of 4.gone through5.hung out 6.change my mind四、1.either the best， or the worst thing2.If not3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly litⅣ.1.Either you or one of your classmates2.If asked to look after3.so that he got the first placeUNIT 5 Learning from nature单元话题导入1.harmoniously 2.repay； take from3.created； a set of； imitatingSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.inspiration 2.many of the most fascinating designs3.the beauty of natural forms 4.mimic 5.natural organisms6.harmony第二步1－4 CBAC第三步1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.第四步1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.第五步1.并列 形式主语 真正的主语 强调以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。2.时间状语 定语津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①at/by ②amazing ③in ④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that2.①an ②of ③to ④follow his example3.①absorbed ②absorbing ③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.4.①response ②responded to； made a response to5.①with ②harmonious ③in harmony with重点句型解构 ①If elected ②while （we were） picking oranges③Although living in different erasSection Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.主语 it 宾语 表语 2.表语 主语 3.表语即时演练1①Being exposed ②to distinguish ③to accustom④Facing ⑤having即时演练2①studying ②being given ③to be reading ④working ⑤to take即时演练3①to raise ②convincing ③seated ④promoted【知识要点·须拾遗】1.①variety ②various ③in ④vary from person to person2.①as ②to assist ③Employing himself in drawing up plansSection Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.conflicted 2.reaction 3.peaceful 4.transformations 5.withdraw 6.beauty 7.convince第二步1－5 BACBA第三步1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.第四步1.状语 定语表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。2.状语 同位语公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。3.宾语 让步状语我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。4.宾语 定语 方式状语梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①in ②in ③in return for2.①with ②against ③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be3.①退出 ②撤离 ③withdrawal ④withdrawn ⑤withdrew from the meeting4.①to ②from ③resign myself to giving up halfway5.①at ②with ③at ④put me at ease6.①as ②on/by ③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences重点句型解构1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone ②While my mom and I were shopping2.①As is often the case ②As we all know ③As is mentioned above ④as will make them better and clevererSection Ⅳ Writing about a lesson from nature【演练佳作·写美文】写作步骤二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.2.There is a story behind it.3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.4.He pulled them upward one by one.5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.四、 The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.【教材词汇·练续写】 To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.superb 2.frontier 3.pond 4.sow 5.employ6.bat 7.physician 8.bow 9.rural 10.decent11.cottage 12.withdraw 13.domestic 14.ease15.attain 16.fulfilmentⅠ.1.rural 2.attained 3.employ 4.decent 5.bowed 6.sown二、1.architect 2.convert 3.wisdom 4.depressive5.purity 6.resign 7.botanical 8.reject 9.evaluateⅡ.1.architectural 2.rejection 3.evaluation 4.depression5.wisdom 6.purity三、1.take ...for granted 2.an example of 3.covert ...into 4.respond to 5.in harmony with 6.seek solutions to 7.take inspiration from 8.in return for 9.draw ...from ... 10.be opposed to 11.reaction to12.withdraw from 13.resign oneself to 14.at ease with15.be ready toⅢ.1.are opposed to 2.in harmony with 3.reaction to4.at ease with 5.respond to 6.be withdrawn from7.is ready to四、1.while watching a nature documentary2.Creating buildings such as these3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to4.as he describes in his journalsⅣ.1.While looking at the photograph2.Being exposed to English frequently3.while there’s little in the north-west4.As everyone knowsUNIT 6 Nature in words单元话题导入1.get； ready for 2.recover； go back to 3.absolutely； by all means 4.sunshine； is full ofSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.excited 2.magical 3.pale 4.strange 5.lovely6.cruel 7.bending第二步1－5 BABCA第三步1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.第四步1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.第五步1.as ...as ... 非限制性定语 the children 方式状语对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。2.that 结果状语 时间状语这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①for ②inspection ③be inspected2.①insisted on lending ②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well3.①into ②off ③talk him out of leaving4.①about ②out ③came round to see me5.①down/over ②persuading ③bent her mind to her work重点句型解构1.①found myself stuck ②found himself in a strange room ③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly④find it much easier to recognise2.①had begun ②will have learned/will learn ③had been completed ④By the time he is 18 next yearSection Ⅱ Using language【重难语法·要攻克】我的发现1.宾语补足语 2.状语 结果 目的 伴随 3.定语 主谓即时演练1①to harm ②to be completed ③regulating ④conducted⑤falling ⑥titled即时演练2①To keep ②to find ③Having studied ④Located ⑤releasing即时演练3①wandering ②to make ③taken ④to process ⑤to do【知识要点·须拾遗】1.①an unforgettable experience ②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill2.①to ②addition ③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100Section Ⅲ Developing ideas【文本透析·剖语篇】第一步1.1962 2.natural ecosystems 3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored 4.case studies 5.beautiful and elegant 6.The pesticide industry 7.precise 8.defend her claims 9.banned 10.Presidential Medal of Freedom11.environmental awareness第二步1－4 DCAC第三步1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.第四步1.宾语 believed wished她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。2.让步状语 定语虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。【核心知识·巧突破】核心词汇集释1.①from ②on ③there is a ban on smoking2.①to ②to ③on the alert3.①harmless ②does harm to our eyes4.①urgent ②urgency ③to take ④（should） take measures to solve these problems5.①by ②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich6.①for ②targeted ③being a target for7.①for ②a ③was ruined ④lived up to his reputation8.①determination ②Determined ③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book重点句型解构1.①Curious to find out ②Tired and breathless ③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer2.①Try as/though he might ②Hard as/though they tried ③Beautiful as/though the necklace was ④Child as/though he wasSection Ⅳ Writing a poem about nature【教材词汇·练续写】 Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.单元素养提升回顾单元知识一、1.weekly 2.shaving 3.prospect 4.bend 5.church 6.rhyme 7.enhance 8.wheat 9.gentle 10.sweep 11.ban 12.chorus 13.dozen 14.launch 15.reputation16.diamondⅠ.1.bent 2.enhance 3.reputation 4.banned 5.launch6.swept 7.weekly二、1.inspector 2.insist 3.innocent 4.thorough 5.precise 6.elegance 7.passionateⅡ.1.elegance 2.innocence 3.thoroughly 4.precisely 5.passionate三、1.talk away 2.come round 3.break out 4.at the risk of 5.wake up 6.come out 7.transform ...into ... 8.longing for 9.participate in 10.alert ...to 11.cause harm to 12.urge sb to do sth 13.a target for 14.stand by 15.attempt to 16.dozens of 17.or so 18.be regarded as 19.rather thanⅢ.1.longing for 2.stand by 3.come round 4.at the risk of 5.causes harm to 6.has been transformed into 7.is regarded as 8.or so四、1.find yourself in another quite different2.puzzled and disturbed3.strong though they areⅣ.1.found many students buried their heads in books2.Surprised and happy3.Patient though he was1 / 3Section Ⅳ Writing about a war heroStep 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法 Yang Jingyu， an anti-Japanese hero， was born in Henan Province in 1905.He joined the Communist Party of China （CPC） in 1927.In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders. In 1938， the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men.In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups， but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese.After these men were killed， Yang fought on alone for five days.He was eventually tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops.He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire.When the Japanese cut open his body， they discovered only tree bark， cotton and grass roots， but not a single grain of rice in his stomach. Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops， but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders.After the People’s Republic of China （PRC） was established， Yang was reburied with full military honours， in Tonghua， Jilin Province.In 2005， a memorial hall was built in memory of the martyrs represented by Yang， drawing thousands of visitors every year to learn about the spirit of the resistance against Japanese aggression. Para.1 Introduction： name of the person & background information 首段简要介绍英雄的姓名和背景信息，时态采用的是一般过去时，人称为第三人称。首句使用了名词短语an anti-Japanese hero作Yang Jingyu的同位语，句子比较简练。 Para.2 Main body： major events （in order） 本部分主要介绍抗日英雄杨靖宇的主要英雄事迹，以时间为线索讲述了杨靖宇从出生到入党，之后成为东北抗日联军首领，在非常艰难困苦的环境里与日军战斗，最终弹尽粮绝而被日军杀害的故事。文中除了用具体的时间讲述杨靖宇的事迹，还使用多个连接词，如but， after， eventually， before等，使行文更加连贯。 Para.3 Conclusion： your opinion of this person 本段首句作者发表了自己的观点，对人物进行评价。时态使用的是一般过去时。Step 3 背出彩佳句一、介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征1.He has blonde hair and blue eyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。2.Dong Cunrui was born into a poor peasant family in Huailai County， Hebei Province on 15 October 1929.1929年10月15日，董存瑞出生于河北省怀来县一个贫穷的农民家庭。3.She is an ordinary-looking girl，but her kindness and consideration impress me most.她是一个样貌普通的女孩，但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。二、介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩1.He went to college，during which he showed great interest in folk music.他上了大学，在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。2.When he was still a boy，he showed great interest in literature.当他还是个孩子的时候，他对文学表现出极大的兴趣。3.He is good at spoken English and even better at computers.他擅长英语口语，更擅长电脑。三、介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价1.The people came to love him as an inspiring leader.人们认为他是一位鼓舞人心的领袖而开始爱戴他。2.We regard him as our model.我们把他当作我们的榜样。3.Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到赞扬。假定你是李华，最近你观看了电影《赵一曼》，深有感触。请你用英语写一篇短文来介绍战斗英雄赵一曼。基本信息 1905年出生于四川省宜宾县，1926年成为中共党员主要事迹 “九·一八事变”后前往东北，参加抗日活动；1935年，在掩护部队突围时被捕，遭到严刑拷打仍保守党的秘密，英勇就义人物评价 她的牺牲是抗日力量的一大损失，但同时鼓舞了军队与侵略者进行激烈战斗的士气一、审题谋篇，结构分明第一段：介绍战斗英雄的基本信息；第二段：按时间顺序写战斗英雄的主要事迹；第三段：发表个人看法，进行人物评价。二、要点陈述，语言规范1.1905年赵一曼出生于四川省宜宾县。 2.1926年她成为一名中国共产党党员。 3.“九·一八事变”后，她去东北加入了抗日部队，同日本侵略者打游击战。 4.1935年，大批日本部队包围了她的战士。 5.赵一曼主动掩护主力部队突围，但不幸被捕。 6.日本人用最残酷的刑罚迫使赵一曼透露有用的情报，但无用。 7.因此日本人杀害了她。 8.赵一曼的牺牲对抗日部队是一种巨大的打击，但鼓舞了士兵顽强抵抗日本侵略者的士气。 三、句间衔接，过渡自然 用非限制性定语从句合并要点1和要点2。 四、检查誊写，卷面整洁 人物描写 violence n.暴力 outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的 rough adj.简单的；粗糙的 peer n.同龄人；同辈 glory n.辉煌的成就；荣耀的事 prominent adj.著名的，杰出的 dedication n.奉献动作描写 drown v.（使）淹死 recall v.回想，回忆起 fortify v.激励，加强 depict v.描述，描写环境描写 coastline n.海岸线 misty adj.多雾的 breeze n.微风 violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的 horror n.惊恐；令人惊恐的事 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。八月一个多雾的早晨，我们出发去进行为期一周的冒险。我们已经为之准备了三天，所以我们对这次冒险充满信心。在最初的两天里，我们享受着凉爽的微风和美妙的海岸线。然后，崎岖的道路让探险变得更加艰难。在野外睡觉是一件如此令人惊恐的事，以至于我们忍不住回忆起家里的床。在穿过一片湖时，我们中的一个人差点淹死。我们开始怀疑我们能否成功到达目的地。最后，我们在森林里迷路了，在救援人员的帮助下才回到家。今天，在讲述这个故事的时候，没有人能把这次冒险描绘成一件光荣的事。 提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ4 / 4 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas.docx Section Ⅱ Using language.docx Section Ⅲ Developing ideas.docx Section Ⅳ Writing about a war hero.docx UNIT 3 War and peace.docx 单元素养提升.docx 学习讲义部分 参考答案与详解.docx
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