资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Life Behind the Lens①
[1]A white-haired② old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York， always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him， you’d never think there was anything remarkable③ about him.And yet④ every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than⑤ to pose⑥ for this man.
　　[1]本句采用了照片说明文字的描写方式，突出了人物形象特征。
This ordinary-looking⑦ man was Bill Cunningham， one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
What made Cunningham so great？ It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive，technologically-advanced⑧ equipment.Cunningham always used simple， relatively⑨cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York， not in a studio.[2]Nor was it a wide range of⑩ contacts and connections.[3]Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening， Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not， in simple， everyday scenes， such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store， or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway.[4]These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.[5]Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people， not just to high society and big brands.
　　[2]本句为倒装句。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
[3]Although引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句。
[4]本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型。
[5]and连接分别由what和who引导的并列的宾语从句；破折号后是插入语，起解释说明作用。
Moreover， [6]what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.[7]He would even stay outside in a storm， not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.[8]This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This is what makes them so special.
　　[6]what引导主语从句；and连接并列的表语；he put into his work为省略了关系词的定语从句。
[7]本句含有until引导的时间状语从句，not ...until ...“直到……才……”。
[8]句中两个what均引导表语从句。
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated .He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.[9]He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone， no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party， he was there to work rather than have fun .“Money’s the cheapest thing，” he once said， then added： “...freedom is the most expensive.” [10] This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft ， enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style.
　　[9]本句为主从复合句。no matter how引导让步状语从句；and连接并列谓语；he was offered为定语从句。
[10]句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style为动词-ing短语作结果状语。
Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.He was 87 when he passed away， and had been working right up until his last illness.Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer — he was a “cultural anthropologist ”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.Bill Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed ， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
【读文清障】
①lens n.（照相机、摄像机的）镜头
②white-haired adj.白发苍苍的
③remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的，引人注目的
④yet conj.然而
⑤nothing more than
仅仅，只不过
⑥pose v.（使）摆好姿势
pose for （为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
⑦ordinary-looking adj.相貌平平的，看起来普普通通的
⑧technologically-advanced
adj.技术先进的
⑨relatively adv.相对的
⑩a wide range of
各种各样的
contact n.人际关系；联系；接触
fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的
photograph v.拍照，照相
as much as 和……一样多
inspiration n.灵感
grocery n.食品杂货店
fascination n.着迷，迷恋
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
devotion n.奉献；专心
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
put ...into将……投入……
take off 休假，休息
not once 从未，从来没有
reflect v.反映
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
benefit n.好处，益处
integrity n.正直；诚实
destination n.目的地，终点
rather than 而不是
have fun 玩得开心
focus on 专注于
craft n.（某一行业所需的）技能
capture v.捕捉
passion n.酷爱；热衷的爱好（或活动等）
passion for对……的热爱/酷爱
more than 不仅仅；不止
anthropologist n.人类学家
observe v.观察（到）；注视
【参考译文】
镜头背后的人生
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他用了昂贵、技术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，他所有照片的拍摄地都是纽约的街道，而不是摄影棚。也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中得到其他人无法得到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。不管天气如何，坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
　　作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
　　坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does Cunningham think of fashion？（　　）
A.High society is the source of fashion.
B.The celebrities are the symbol of fashion.
C.Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion.
D.Big brands tend to be fashionable.
2.Why do people like and respect Cunningham？（　　）
A.He was expert at finding beauty in ordinary people.
B.He didn’t accept any benefits for being a fashion photographer.
C.He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
D.He always ate the same meal of sausages and eggs.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.Cunningham’s skills of taking photos.
B.Cunningham’s attitude towards people.
C.Cunningham’s devotion to his job.
D.Cunningham’s concerns about weather.
4.Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？（　　）
A.He reflected his culture in photography.
B.He focused on people in his photos.
C.He was interested in the photography culture.
D.He recorded the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
答案：1－4　CACD
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham’s words “Money’s the cheapest thing”？
　In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.　
2.If you were to write about Bill Cunningham， which aspect would you choose？
　As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.
　（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.　
　（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although引导　让步状语　从句，where引导宾语从句，in the poor Bronx和in rich Manhattan为介词短语作　定语　，分别修饰people和VIPs。
自主翻译 　虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。　
2.Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导　主语　从句，he put into his work为省略了关系代词的　定语　从句。
自主翻译 　此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。　
3.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导　表语　从句。
自主翻译 　他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。　
4.He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
句式分析 句中no matter how ...为“no matter＋疑问词”引导的　让步状语　从句，he was offered为　定语　从句。
自主翻译 　他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
a wide range of 各种不同的，大范围的
【教材原句】　Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。
【用法】
（1）range n.　 　　种类，（变化或浮动的）范围 within/in range of　　 在……可及的范围内 out of/beyond range of 　　超出……的范围 （2）range v.　　（在一定范围内）变化；包括（各种不同的人或物） range from ...to ... 从……到……变化 range between ...and ... 在……与……之间变化
【佳句】　Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day， such as leftover food， waste paper and plastic bottles， which brings a wide range of environmental problems.
我们学校每天都会产生很多垃圾，比如剩饭、废纸和塑料瓶，这带来了广泛的环境问题。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Activities there range 　from　 whale watching 　to　 hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
②The girl liked the new dress so much， but the price of the dress was really 　beyond　 her range.
③The temperature in Kunming usually ranges between 15 ℃ 　and　 25 ℃.That’s why it is called “the Spring City”.
【写美】　补全句子
④In addition to these traditional activities， we have 　a wide range of　 choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多选择，比如旅游和走亲访友。
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
【教材原句】　Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ...
他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）have a fascination for 　　对……有吸引力 （2）fascinating adj.　　极有吸引力的 （3）be fascinated with/by　　对……着迷；被…… 所吸引 be fascinated to do sth 　　痴迷于做某事
【佳句】　If you look back on history， you will certainly be fascinated with/by many customs and cultures.如果你回顾历史，你肯定会被许多风俗习惯和文化所吸引。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you want to see this 　fascinating　 （fascinate） river， then come to the Yellow River Scenic Area.
②Taking a book off the shelf， he found himself 　fascinated　 （fascinate）， not with the words of the book， but with the notes penciled in the margin.
③Some people like to collect foreign stamps or coins， yet others are fascinated 　to collect　 （collect） seashells or rare stones.
fashion n.时尚；时兴；流行款式
【教材原句】　...he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ... ……他向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）come into fashion 　　成为时尚，变得流行起来 be in fashion 　　正流行 （go） out of fashion 　　过时 （2）fashionable adj.　　流行的，时兴的，时髦的
【佳句】　I am writing to invite you to the fashion show to be held in our school hall on 20 June， in which all the clothing in the show will be made from waste products.
我写信邀请你参加6月20日在学校礼堂举行的时装表演，表演中所有的衣服都是用废品做的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He shouldn’t have spent as much as 20 dollars buying some clothes that are out 　of　 fashion.
②This is a very small shop but there are so many 　fashionable　 （fashion） clothes in it.
【写美】　一句多译
③据说这种款式的帽子今年又流行起来了。
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are 　in fashion　 again this year.
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are 　fashionable　 again this year.
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
（1）devotion n.　　献身，奉献；忠诚；挚爱 （2）devote v.　　献身；致力；专心 devote oneself to （doing） sth＝be devoted to （doing） sth 　　致力于（做）某事 devote ...to ... 　　把……用于……；献身；致力；专心 （3）devoted adj.　　挚爱的；忠诚的
【佳句】　Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的热爱是非常鼓舞人心的。
【点津】　devote是及物动词，常接表示时间、精力、生命等的抽象名词作宾语，而“专心”和“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出，to后接名词或动词-ing形式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We should think of him as a shining example of devotion 　to　 duty.
②His spirit of 　devotion　 （devote） sets him apart from other doctors.
③He wanted to devote his energies to 　writing　 （write） novels.
④He has been a 　devoted　 （devote） fan of Lionel Messi since he knew what football game is.
【写美】　一句多译
⑤她深爱着她的教育事业。
→She shows 　devotion to　 her career in education.
→She 　is devoted to　 her career in education.
→She 　devotes herself to　 her career in education.
put ...into ...将……投入……
【教材原句】　Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
put up 　　建造，搭起；张贴；举起，挂起；提高（价格）；留宿 put down 　　写下，记下；放下；镇压 put off 　　推迟；延迟 put aside 　　把……放一边；搁置，不考虑
【佳句】　The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people put the things they learn into practice.
成功者和失败者之间的区别是成功者将他们所学的东西付诸实践。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①On Christmas Eve， the whole family helped to put 　up　 the Christmas tree， the decorations and the balloons.
②I put 　aside　 half an hour every day to write my diary.
③We will put 　off　 the picnic in the park until next week， when the weather may be better.
④I decided to put more time and energy 　into　 my work in the coming year.So that I could got a pay rise.
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
【教材原句】　Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. 虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
【用法】
approach v.　　接近，靠近 n.　　接近；方法，途径 an approach to （doing） sth 　　（做）某事的方法 with the approach of 　　随着……的来临/临近
【佳句】　The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
【点津】　“做某事的方法”的表达：
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【生义】　approach作动词时，还可意为“处理，对付”。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Due to the new approach， wheat production has risen over the years. 　　n.方法　
②As we were approaching the farm， we saw a dim figure.　　v.靠近　
③Do you know the best way of approaching the problem？　　v.处理，对付　
④It’s time that we adopted different approaches to 　solving　 （solve） the problem.
【写美】　一句多译
⑤随着考试的临近，很多学生表现出焦虑的迹象。
→　With the approach of the exam　， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach n.）
→　With the exam approaching　， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach v.）
passion for 对……的热爱/酷爱
【教材原句】　Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。
【用法】
（1）passion n.　　热情，激情；酷爱 with passion 　　热情洋溢地，充满激情地 have a passion for 　　对……有强烈的爱好；酷爱 （2）passionate adj.　　热诚的，狂热的 　酷爱…… （3）passionately adv.　　充满热情地；激动地
【佳句】　Anton has had a consuming passion for science fiction ever since he was a pupil.自从安东是一名小学生时，他就对科幻小说痴迷不已。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I have a great passion 　for　 English.
②Employees who are passionate 　about　 their jobs tend to be more productive.
【写美】　一句多译
③他是一个非常棒的人，他激情四射地谈论科学。
→He was such a great guy and he 　talked about science passionately　.（passionately）
→He was such a great guy and he 　talked about science with passion　.（passion）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
【教材原句】　These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
【用法】
该句是强调句，强调的是地点状语within their reality。强调句需要注意以下几点： （1）强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。 （2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？ （3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分？ （4）not ... until ... 结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分。
【品悟】　It was the kindness of people that lit the light of hope in this little boy’s heart.
正是人们的善良在这个小男孩的心中点亮了希望之光。
【点津】　It is/was ...that/who ...只是一个框架结构，不充当任何句子成分，所以去掉这个框架之后，剩下的部分仍能组成一个语法结构完整的句子。
【写美】　微写作
①就是在这一刻我意识到我不得不与我的学校、我的同学们和我的老师们说再见了。（心理描写）
　It is at this moment that　 I realize that I have to say good-bye to my school， my classmates and my teachers.
②正是幽默风趣的王老师让我喜欢上了物理课。
　It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that　 made me like physics class.
③是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
　Was it because Jack came late for school that　 Mr Smith got angry？
④你是如何这么快完成这项任务的？
　How was it that　 you managed to finish the task so quickly？
维度一：品句填词
1.My Chinese teacher knew my 　fascination　 （着迷） with reading and made sure I had great books to read.
2.They have just returned from 　faraway　 （遥远的） places with wonderful stories to tell.
3.People waited outside for the chance to see some 　celebrities　 （名人）.
4.The 　grocery　 （食品杂货店） is not on business for the night； we’ll have to come back tomorrow.
5.The distinction between craft　 and fine art is more controversial.
6.Before going into their meeting， the six foreign ministers posed　 for photographs.
维度二：词形转换
1.The 　fascination　 （fascinate） lay in the mystery of what was inside the box.
2.In the 1980s， shoulder pads were very 　fashionable　 （fashion） in women’s clothes.
3.He was an 　uncomplicated　 （complicated） person who felt happy when he was with his friends and family.
4.I would like to thank all of you who made the effort.It is a relief that employees show their 　devotion　 （devote） to their jobs.
5.In American English “　grocery　 （grocer） store” is often used to mean “supermarket”.
6.A few days later， Professor Waterman， an 　anthropologist　 （anthropology） from the University of California， came to see him.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Facing up to your problems 　rather than　 （而不是） running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
2.The newly discovered notes are 　nothing more than　 （仅仅，只不过） Lang’s personal journal.
3.It is the doctors’ 　devotion to　 （对……的奉献） the patients that makes the miracle happen.
4.You must continue to see them 　no matter how much you may disagree with them　 （无论你和他们之间有多大的分歧）.
5.With a different theme each year，the International Day of Families is observed with 　a wide range of events　 （广泛的活动）.
6.　It was with your help that　 （正是在你的帮助下） I made such rapid progress in English.
维度四：课文语法填空
Bill Cunningham， who looked ordinary， was one of the 1.　most important　 （important） American photographers of the last 50 years.What made Cunningham so great？ He usually found 2.　inspiration　 （inspire） where others could not， in simple， everyday scenes.These things were real， and it was within their reality 3.　that　 Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.Through his fascination with what people 4.　were wearing　 （wear）， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it 5.　belonged　 （belong） to the people， not just to high society and big 6.　brands　 （brand）. Moreover， 7.　what　 made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， he lived a simple life.Cunningham never accepted the benefits 8.　offered　 （offer） to him for being a fashion photographer， which kept Cunningham 9.　focused　 （focus） on his craft.Cunningham’s passion 10.　for　 photography lasted throughout his life.Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·河南平顶山高二上期末）Sadaf’s childhood was happy.She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends.But one day， she returned home running a high temperature.
　　“We thought it was regular flu.But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now，” she recalls.
　　Sadaf was just 10 years old then.After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir， they went to Mumbai， where an operation was performed to treat her legs.But eventually， Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around.By this time， she had to discontinue her education.
　　Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.“Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities.But he always encouraged me to dream big.I missed him.”
　　“There were days when I would end up crying all day， sitting alone in my room.I was getting into depression，” she says.
　　“By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.I chose the latter.I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something.I had just lost my ability to walk， not my ability to use my brain，” she adds.
　　That is when Sadaf decided to step up for herself.In 2015， she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight.She says，“But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association.”
　　Recently， Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley.“Today， I have established my own business without anyone’s emotional or financial support.People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair， when their educated and able-bodied children sat idly （闲散地）.Now the very same people give my example to others，” she says.
　　Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves.“If you hear others say something not so positive， you may end up depressed.Instead of living within the confines （限制） of a room， try to prove yourself，” she advises.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1.What did Sadaf lose after her father’s death？（　　）
A.Walking ability. B.Financial support.
C.Spiritual backing.　　D.Precious eyesight.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。
2.Why did Sadaf try basketball？（　　）
A.To build up her body.
B.To prove herself.
C.To win awards.
D.To pursue her dream.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.以及第七段中的But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.可知，Sadaf试着打篮球是为了证明自己。
3.Which of the following can best describe Sadaf？（　　）
A.Talented but inflexible.
B.Disabled but learned.
C.Independent and honest.
D.Determined and capable.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第七至九段可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力。因此用“有决心，有能力”描述Sadaf最好。
4.What message can we get from Sadaf’s story？（　　）
A.A fine example has limitless power.
B.Do not let your disability rule you.
C.Encouragement is the source of power.
D.Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段内容可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
B
　　Over the past three years， Kang Jian has created more than 400 dough sculptures （面塑） and become a city-level inheritor （传承人） of this intangible cultural heritage in Mohe， Heilongjiang Province.
　　“When I was a little boy， every time my parents made dumplings， they would give me a small piece of dough，” he said.“I tried to make various animals — a rabbit， a fish， or a snail.The small， simple objects brought me lots of good childhood memories and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.” Kang’s parents were not financially （财务上） able to support his desire to study fine arts while he was at school.But he didn’t give up.He spent his spare time after school studying drawing by himself.
　　Then， in December 2018， during a visit to a museum in Beijing， Kang， for the first time， got information about the intangible cultural heritage of dough sculpting， which attracted him greatly.“I was really excited to learn about dough sculpting，” he said.“Then I had the idea of taking my childhood interest up again.” He then spent 20 days learning skills from Bai Chunyu， a provincial-level inheritor of dough sculpting.And in August 2019， he got the chance to learn from another national-level inheritor.
　　Kang spent nearly all his spare time practicing， hoping to improve quickly.“To learn as much as possible during my 40 days there， I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night，” he said.“When I slept， I had to put my hands in hot water to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.”
　　In April， Kang completed the dough sculptures of 108 characters from the novel Outlaws of the Marsh after 16 months of work.“Most of my dough sculptures are traditional Chinese characters.In my mind， the real value of my dough sculpture as a national intangible cultural heritage lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture.That’s the charm and significance of the art，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
5.What inspired Kang to have the dream of dough sculpting？（　　）
A.His talent for drawing.
B.His admiration for Bai’s skills.
C.His parents’ encouragement and support.
D.His childhood experiences with dough.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The small， simple objects ...and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.可知，康健儿时捏面团的经历激发了他后来学习面塑的兴趣。
6.What did Kang do to learn dough sculpting？（　　）
A.He sought guidance from masters.
B.He paid frequent visits to museums.
C.He got formal training at an art school.
D.He sought help from many sculpting lovers.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的learning skills from Bai Chunyu和another national-level inheritor 可知，康健利用业余时间抓住机会，向其他面塑传承人学习面塑技艺。
7.What does Kang probably think of his learning of dough sculpting？（　　）
A.Tiring but rewarding.
B.Costly and stressful.
C.Effective and smooth.
D.Boring but productive.
解析：A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night ...to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.可推知，康健觉得自己学习面塑的过程虽然很辛苦但很值得做。
8.Why does Kang like making dough sculptures of Chinese characters？（　　）
A.To get more recognition.
B.To attract more enthusiasts.
C.To better express Chinese culture.
D.To improve skills with familiar characters.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的the real value ...lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture可知，康健认为将面塑做成中国传统民间故事中的形象有助于中国文化的表达和传播。
C
　　Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career， some people complain like this： Those tests are so stupid. When I was in the sixth grade， I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer. While I don’t think I would be a very good farmer， the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit. At the time， it seemed unreasonable — I hated the outdoors and physical activities. Now， I think it might have had some points that fit my personality： I like planning （good for planning how to grow crops）， working by myself （for those long days on an agricultural machine）， and sometimes working on a team （for harvest time）.
Watch out for any personality test that claims to be able to tell you what your dream job is by the type of animal you’d like to be， or from your favourite breakfast food as a child. While there are many personality assessments that are accurate， I’d like to say that they are a second step. The best choice is self-assessment.
Before finding ways to know your work preferences， it’s important to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work. I once met a third-year marine biology student at a large state school in Ohio. He was placed into the Whale Watch Program， where he found out that he became violently seasick on any kind of boat — a big disadvantage for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild.
The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of your favourites. If that career doesn’t exist， my advice would be to take the job where there is a skill match. In this way， you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job and perhaps become interested in it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
9.What is some people’s opinion on choosing a career through personality tests？（　　）
A.It’s possible to lead to career failure.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s unreasonable.
D.It’s worth a try.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，他们认为通过个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。
10.What does the author think of the personality test she took when she was young？（　　）
A.She admits it forecasts her present job accurately.
B.She thinks it shows some parts of her personality.
C.She finds it helpless for her.
D.She has little interest in it.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit以及I think it might have had some points that fit my personality可知，作者认为该测试结果与她性格的某些方面相符。
11.What is the best way to know your dream job？（　　）
A.Taking personality tests on your favourite things.
B.Doing accurate personality assessments.
C.Trying your dream job in practice.
D.Finding it out by yourself.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，想要寻找到梦想的工作，只能通过自己，只有了解了自己，才能找到适合自己的工作。
12.Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job？（　　）
A.Because he disliked the job.
B.Because he felt sea sick traveling on a boat.
C.Because he was afraid of marine animals.
D.Because he knew little about his preferences.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　In science， advances are a daily occurrence， but true breakthroughs are rare.What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs？ Some are the result of a lucky accident， combined with curiosity.Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road， one they have never planned to travel — a road that may well lead nowhere.
　　13.（　　） One day， usually initially in their career， they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about.It’s crazy， they say to themselves， but is it really impossible？ They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work， and how damaging this could be to their career.Yet， the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road — a road that may well lead nowhere.14.（　　）
　　Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel， they often endure disinterest， like Fleming， who discovered penicillin （青霉素） due to lucky accidents and curiosity， or repeated skepticism and rejection， like Karikó， who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience.By bringing their dreams to life， they were rewarded with fame， wealth and something even more valuable.15.（　　）
　　Of course， the obsession （痴迷） with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists.16.（　　） Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they have predicted it.In the end， their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts.For those dreamers on the right track， they would have achieved their dreams — if only they had done the experiment a little differently， if only they had persisted a little longer， or if only the support for their work had not run out.
　　Ultimately， scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers， recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs.17.（　　） Above all， the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas， though brilliant， in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to back down and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them， millions of people around the world avoid getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-rays and vaccines.
G.However， the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
13.E　根据第一段第二至三句可知，获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢？有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。E项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）与第一段相呼应，符合语境。
14.F　本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破，所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后，还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果（这是重点）。F项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）与上句构成转折关系，与前面“一无所获”的结果相反，符合语境。
15.D　上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素，卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能，通过实现自己的梦想，这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项（因为他们，全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡）符合语境。
16.B　空前一句谈到：对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报，空后两句谈到：结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终，他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀。B项（他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的）与上下文关系密切，符合语境。
17.G　根据空前一句可知，归根结底，只有社会愿意投资于梦想家，认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破，科学突破才有可能实现；根据空后一句可知，最重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界。G项（然而，带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报）符合语境，与空前一句形成转折，同时，与下文形成递进关系。
17 / 17Section Ⅳ　Writing an expository essay
Step 1　品教材课文
　　What do the Summer Palace， Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common？ These Qing-dynasty architectural marvels， along with many others， were all built by members of the same family — the Lei family.
For seven generations， the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture.Their designs were admirable， varying from grand buildings to public works， such as roads and dams.So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
The Lei family were also pioneering engineers， who used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail.They took careful notes and made models of their projects， many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
In addition to their architectural achievements， the Lei family showed diligence and humility.Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects， many of which took years to complete.Yet they did not seek fame， and even today， their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.
With their remarkable skills， innovation， diligence and humility， the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
Step 2　析写作手法
Para.1　Person
文章首句使用疑问句开头，构成悬念，使读者带着问题往下阅读，引起读者注意，同时引出话题，即这些清代的建筑奇迹的建造者——雷氏家族。
Paras.2－4　Qualities and examples
文章的第二至四段讲述了雷氏家族的人物品质并举例进行了一一说明。第二段中使用了动词-ing短语varying from grand buildings to public works作状语；最后一句中使用了部分倒装句，使表达富有变化。第三段中第一句使用了who引导的定语从句描述了人物品质；第三段和第四段的第二句使用了“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句进行举例说明。
Para.5　Conclusion
本段共有一句话，使用with介词短语概述了雷氏家族的人物品质；使用that引导的同位语从句得出结论。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.China has a history of more than five thousand years.As a result， there are many traditional arts that have been inherited， such as paper cutting.
中国有着五千多年的历史，因此，有许多传统艺术被传承下来，比如剪纸。
2.It is a kind of amazing art.People can use scissors to cut different shapes， like flowers and animals.
这是一种神奇的艺术。人们可以用剪刀剪出不一样的形状，比如花和动物。
3.For craftsmen， they need knives and gravers of various types to make complicated patterns.
对于工匠们来说，他们需要各种各样的刀具和雕刻刀来制作复杂的图案。
4.No mistake can be made during the process， otherwise the work would fail.
在这个过程中不能犯任何错误，否则工作将会失败。
5.We need to learn more about these traditional arts， so as to better preserve them.The school can open the courses to let students learn the arts.
我们需要更多地了解这些传统艺术，以便更好地保护它们。学校可以开设课程让学生学习这些艺术。
6.Since she graduated in 1995， she has been devoting herself to researching into the development of China’s high-speed railway.
自1995年毕业以来，她一直致力于中国高铁发展的研究。
7.Because of her outstanding contributions to our country， China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.
由于她对国家的杰出贡献，中国在世界高速铁路领域中正处于领先地位。
8.Her hard work and dedication inspire us to keep on trying and stick to our dreams.
她的勤奋和奉献激励我们不断尝试，坚持我们的梦想。
根据下列汉语提示，写一篇说明文介绍“泥人张”。
1.“泥人张”制作的彩塑深受大家的欢迎。
2.张先生出生在一个贫困家庭，从小靠制作彩塑谋生。他很聪明、善于观察，且敢于打破常规去思考。他捏制出来的泥人个个非常生动。
3.经过数十年的辛勤努力，张先生共创作了一万多件作品。
4.张先生的工匠精神会永远流传下去。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：简要介绍“泥人张”及其作品；
第二段：介绍“泥人张”成功的经历以及品质；
第三段：总结“泥人张”的工匠精神。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.“泥人张”制作的生动活泼的泥人深受人们的欢迎。（be popular with，非限制性定语从句）
　The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.　
2.张先生，出生在一个贫困家庭，靠制作泥人为生。（as a means of；earn one’s living）
　Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.　
3.张先生经常出入市场和剧院，观察各行各业的人们。（all walks of life，动词-ing短语作状语）
　Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.　
4.他很聪明，经常不拘一格地思考，这使他的泥人更加生动。 （think outside the box， vivid， 非限制性定语从句）
　He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.　
5.他大部分时间都在作坊里度过。
　He spent most of his time in the workshop.　
6.经过数十年的努力，张先生创作了一万多件作品。
　Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.　
7.泥人张的工匠精神会永远流传下去。（everlasting）
　Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.　
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
把要点3和4用适当的介词短语进行合理地过渡。
　Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.　
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
　The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.　
　Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.　
　Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.　
动作描写 pose v.（使）摆好姿势 associate v.与……有关 dominate v.支配，控制，主宰
人物描写 sedately adv.安静地；慢悠悠地 modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的 celebrity n.名人，明星 acclaim n.& v.表扬，赞赏 ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的
描述词汇 harsh adj.恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的 prosperous adj.富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的 painstaking adj.小心的；费尽心思的；精心的 precious adj.珍稀的；贵重的
　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
（母亲节的早餐）
看着早餐，母亲欣喜若狂。她想象着她的两个孩子付出了多么艰苦的努力，知道这对他们来说是一项艰巨的任务。没有什么比他们对她的感情和爱更珍贵的了。这对双胞胎急切地盯着她，希望听到她的赞扬。她坐在桌旁，咬了一口面包，摇了摇头，假装不喜欢食物。看到孩子们的表情后，她突然称赞道：“太棒了！我是世界上最幸福的母亲。”选择了一个美丽的姿势，他们拍了一张照片并将其发布在微博上。
　Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.　
Ⅰ.完形填空
　　（2024·福建龙岩一级校联盟高二上期末）I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl.Every day was an exciting adventure of 　1　 in my childhood filled with arts， crafts and music.　2　， somewhere along the way I lost touch with my creative self.
　　At 21， upon graduation， I 　3　 a job at a company.I would go to the office， sit at my desk and repeat the same work.The days were long and 　4　.Working this way for one year was painful enough.Before long I decided to make a 　5　.One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing， so I 　6　 a sewing course at a community college.It was only a five-week course but it 　7　 my interest and got my confidence up.
　　As I dreamt bigger， later I 　8　 a part-time design course.I took classes two nights a week.Although exhausting， it gave me energy， 　9　 and happiness.As it became clearer that 　10　 was where my love lay， working at the company became harder.I felt bored.No energy， no 　11　 and zero fulfillment.Apparently， I needed a bigger change.　12　， I made a difficult decision， — quitting my 　13　 and studying my design course full time.
　　The last few years witnessed my success in what I love.Today I am living a creative life as the 　14　 of my own fashion brand.I feel 　15　 that setting the wheels of change has led me to where I am today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己勇敢选择自己喜欢的事业和人生，并取得成功的故事。
1. A.learning　　 B.creation
C.imagination　　 D.amusement
解析：B　根据上文I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl.以及下文filled with arts， crafts and music可知，作者从小就很有创造力，童年里每天都做各种创作。learn学习；creation创作；imagination想象力；amusement娱乐，娱乐活动。
2. A.Besides　　 B.Therefore
C.However　　 D.Otherwise
解析：C　上文与空后的somewhere along the way I lost touch with my creative self为转折关系。besides此外；therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则。
3. A.landed　　 B.desired
C.shifted　　 D.handled
解析：A　根据上文upon graduation可知，作者找到一份工作。land成功得到，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）；desire渴望；shift转移；handle处理，应付。
4. A.boring　　 B.interesting
C.rewarding　　 D.challenging
解析：A　根据上文I would go to the office， sit at my desk and repeat the same work.可知，作者觉得这样的日子很无聊。boring令人厌烦的，乏味的；interesting有趣的；rewarding值得做的，报酬高的；challenging富于挑战性的。
5. A.survey　　 B.change
C.commitment　　 D.preparation
解析：B　根据下文内容可知，作者决定做出改变，重拾自己小时候的爱好。survey调查；change变化；commitment承诺；preparation准备。
6. A.taught　　 B.passed
C.attended　　 D.designed
解析：C　根据下文As I dreamt bigger， later I 　8　a part-time design course.I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者去上了社区大学的缝纫课程。teach教；pass 经过；attend参加，上（学）；design设计。
7. A.maintained　　 B.increased
C.awakened　　 D.protected
解析：C　根据语境可知，这个仅为期五周的课程，唤醒了作者的兴趣。maintain维护；increase增加；awaken唤醒，唤起；protect保护。
8. A.benefited from　　B.tried out for
C.came up with　　 D.signed up for
解析：D　根据下文I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者报名了设计课程。benefit from得益于；try out for参加……选拔；come up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）；sign up for报名参加。
9. A.passion　　 B.recognition
C.curiosity　　 D.innovation
解析：A　根据下文As it became clearer that 　10　was where my love lay可知，设计课程让作者找到了自己热爱的东西。passion激情，酷爱；recognition承认；curiosity好奇心；innovation创新，改革。
10. A.arts　　 B.crafts
C.fashion　　 D.adventure
解析：C　根据下文working at the company became harder可知，作者意识到自己喜欢时装设计。arts技艺，人文科学；crafts工艺，手艺；fashion时尚，时装业；adventure冒险。
11. A.promotion　　 B.vacation
C.business　　 D.motivation
解析：D　根据上文I felt bored.可知，作者所做的工作让作者感觉没有动力，没有成就感。promotion晋升，促销；vacation假期；business商业，企业；motivation动力。
12. A.Initially　　 B.Instantly
C.Gradually　　 D.Eventually
解析：D　根据空后studying my design course full time可知，作者最终决定辞职，全职学习设计。initially最初；instantly立刻；gradually逐渐地；eventually最终。
13. A.job　　 B.dream
C.interest　　 D.decision
解析：A　参见上题解析。job工作；dream梦想；interest兴趣；decision决定。
14. A.teacher　　 B.designer
C.inventor　　 D.musician
解析：B　根据of my own fashion brand可知，作者是自己的时装品牌的设计师。teacher教师；designer设计师；inventor发明家；musician音乐家。
15. A.inspired　　 B.blessed
C.relieved　　 D.impressed
解析：B　根据空后setting the wheels of change has led me to where I am today可知，作者对于自己做出改变从事自己热爱的设计行业感到非常幸运。inspired受到启发的，能力卓越的；blessed有福的，幸运的；relieved放心的，宽慰的；impressed有深刻的好印象。
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　When you graduate from high school or university， is learning finished？ The answer 16.　　　　　　 （be） no.In many countries， people continue learning all 17.　　　　　　 （they） lives.Why is lifelong learning important？ How can it help you？ Lifelong learning can be useful in many ways.People 18.　　　　　　 want to change jobs often return to study at a university.Some jobs require workers to keep learning new ways to do things.For example， 19.　　　　　　 （doctor） must always learn about new illnesses and treatments.
Lifelong learning can get people 20.　　　　　　 （prepare） for unexpected changes， such as， losing your job and having to depend 21.　　　　　　 new skills to find work.By continuing to learn， you’ll more 22.　　　　　　 （easy） take advantage of new job opportunities.Lifelong learning can help people stay 23.　　　　　　 （health） and independent.Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them stay close to young people.Lots of older people are now learning 24.　　　　　　 to use computers.
“I want to remain active ...for my own health，” said Mr Salinas， 25.　　　　　　 91-year-old man taking computer classes.“I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从几个方面介绍了终身学习的重要性。
16.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，本文说明了终身学习的重要性，时态应用一般现在时；主语The answer是单数，故填is。
17.their　考查代词。此处修饰名词lives，应用形容词性物主代词their，指代主语people。
18.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是People，指人，应用关系代词who/that。
19.doctors　考查名词的单复数。此处泛指“医生”，doctor是可数名词，应用名词复数表泛指。故填doctors。
20.to prepare　考查非谓语动词。get sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”。
21.on/upon　考查介词。depend on/upon ...意为“依靠……”，为固定搭配。
22.easily　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词短语take advantage of。
23.healthy　考查形容词。stay相当于系动词be，此处应用形容词，与independent并列。stay healthy意为“保持健康”。
24.how　考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词＋to do”结构，作动词learning的宾语；根据句意可知，表示“如何”，故填疑问词how。
25.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一位91岁的老人”，91-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
Ⅲ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·江苏常州一中高二下月考）When Dr Gullikson was assigning project mates for his introduction to experimental psychology class， I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.Above all， I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive， extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.As fate would have it， Dr Gullikson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
　　I went up to my new lab mate and introduced myself.He looked at me as if I weren’t there.I felt he treated me as if I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.He wasn’t mean or abusive （恶语相向的）.He just gave me the impression he could do whatever project better if he did it alone.
　　Needless to say， I didn’t look forward to an entire term of being brushed off （冷落）， but I tried to make the best of it and didn’t say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
　　The project required each lab team to develop a hypothesis （假说）， set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical analysis and present the findings.Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.When my teammate and I met to discuss our project， I was uneasy.Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades — the exact opposite of me.I was outmatched.I actually wanted to drop the class at one point， but stopped short because I didn’t want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out.
　　After long discussions， we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being of teenagers.I wasn’t sure what it meant exactly， but at least we had a topic.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　One day in the middle of our project， I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　We started to meet regularly to draw up our panion as I was in the project， I still had no sense of participating in the project.My teammate kept his brain occupied in developing the hypothesis， setting up an experiment to test it， and running the tests alone， leaving me just standing beside him as if I were a fool.“What a dull project it is！” I murmured to myself.However， something changed gradually， as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perception of space meant.Thanks to the intense， fiercely competitive， singularly serious fellow， the whole procedure went smoothly， close to the final stage.
　　One day in the middle of our project， I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. Without any delay， I packed up my schoolbag， took all the experiment statistics and rushed to the hospital.Seeing the pale fellow wearing pure white clothes instead of the annoying dark clothes， I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart.With his guidance， I finished the statistical analysis and presented the findings.It turned out to be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade.Now， we have been most reliable cooperative partners ever since！
8 / 8Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo， behind the high walls of the Forbidden City①， time ticks② at its own pace③.[1]If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary④， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed⑤ people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring⑥ precious antiques.Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin.
　　[1]本句使用了if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done结构，主句中的that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词masters。
Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace， Wang Jin still regards himself as⑦ an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum， although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him.Day in， day out⑧， Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years.But for quite some time， he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum.
Qing emperors⑨ were very fond of clocks.Therefore， in order to please them， foreign envoys presented these emperors with⑩ the most intricate and splendid timepieces.Today， the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world， mainly originating from Europe and China.[2]With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height ， each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials， this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.But， through their painstaking efforts， Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks — they bring them back to life .
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks.To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world.Now， after eight months of endless adjustments ， the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong.The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life： water flows， boats sail， dogs bark， chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin.It is a truly awe-inspiring moment.[3]It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
　　[2]with复合结构作状语。
[3]本句为主从复合句。that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，在主语从句中，when引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
But， despite the combined work of several generations of masters， it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.[4]Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored， there would still be work to do， because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won！ Nonetheless ， Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago， Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members， who will take on many of the future repairs.What’s more， inspired to follow in his father’s footsteps， Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills； the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time .
[5]In today’s fast-paced world， the saying that “time waits for no man ” has never seemed more apt .Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo， there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts.It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
　　[4]Even if引导让步状语从句；because引导原因状语从句，在此从句中that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
　　[5]“否定副词never/not＋形容词的比较级”结构表示最高级含义。
【读文清障】
①the Forbidden City 紫禁城
②tick v.发出滴答声；滴答地走时
③at its own pace 按照自己的节奏
④a three-episode documentary
一部三集的纪录片
⑤plainly-dressed adj.衣着朴素的
⑥restore v.整修，修复；使复原
restoration n.（旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修
⑦regard ... as 把……看作……
⑧day in， day out
日复一日；夜以继日
⑨emperor n.皇帝
⑩present sb with ...
呈现给某人……
collection n.收藏品
originate from 起源于；发源于
object n.物体
range from ...to 范围从……到……；从……到……变化
in height 在高度上
given prep.鉴于
maximum n.最大量，最大值
a maximum of 最多
painstaking adj.小心的；费尽心思的；精心的
bring ...back to life
使……复活；使……恢复生机
break the silence 打破寂静
polish v.擦亮，擦光
adjustment n.调整
wind up 上紧（钟、表等的）发条
gigantic adj.巨大的，庞大的
date back to 追溯到……
combine v.使结合，使融合
nonetheless adv.然而，但是；尽管如此，虽然如此
pass on ...to 将……传给，递给
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
take up 从事
preserve v.维护，保护；保存
innovation n.创新
stand the test of time
经受时间的考验
time waits for no man
时间不等人
apt adj.适当的，恰当的
yet conj.然而，但是
timeless adj.永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的
sedately adv.安静地；慢悠悠地
modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的
【参考译文】
时间大师
在紫禁城高墙内西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
　　王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的学生们日复一日地修复着数百年前的钟表，但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了：水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他已将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠不仅能够协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复技术能够经得起时间的考验。
在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why do many people want to take a photo with Wang Jin？（　　）
A.Because he is a famous film star.
B.Because people admire him for his work.
C.Because he is the director of the Palace Museum.
D.Because they want to make money by taking photos with him.
2.Why does it take a master too long to repair a large timepiece？（　　）
A.Because he isn’t very experienced.
B.Because the timepiece is too large.
C.Because it is difficult for him to find the problem.
D.Because the repair work is complex and necessary materials are in short.
3.What is Wang Jin’s attitude towards the future of the timepieces？ （　　）
A.Negative.　　B.Optimistic.
C.Worried.　　D.Indifferent.
4.Which of the following can best describe Wang Jin？ （　　）
A.Devoted and passionate.
B.Hard-working and caring.
C.Smart and skilled.
D.Patient and selfless.
答案：1－4　BDBA
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What’s your understanding of the sentence “This is a race against time that can never be won！”？
　The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.　
2.What can you do to pass on the traditional skills and spirits of craftsmanship？
　We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.　
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
句式分析 本句使用了if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用　过去完成时　，主句用would have done结构，在主句中，that引导　宾语　从句，who引导　定语　从句。
自主翻译 　要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。　
2.Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin.
句式分析 本句为　完全倒装　句。
自主翻译 　这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。　
3.Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him.
句式分析 Walking through ... his workplace为动词-ing 短语作　状语　；although引导　让步状语　从句。
自主翻译 　王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。　
4.It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。It为　形式主语　，真正的主语为　that引导的主语从句　，在主语从句中，when引导　时间状语　从句，neither ...nor连接并列的　表　语。
自主翻译 　人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
originate from 起源于；发源于；来自……
【教材原句】　Today， the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world， mainly originating from Europe and China.
如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。
【用法】
（1）originate v.　　起源，发源 originate in 　　产生于，归因于，起源于 （2）origin n.　　起源，源头，起因 original adj.　　原来的，最初的 originally adv.　　原先，起初
【佳句】　All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Tan Dun adapted the 　original　 （origin） Kun Opera and added his own work to these traditional pieces.
②The idea that originated 　in　 his mind eventually led to a great innovation.
【写美】　补全句子
③The tradition 　originated from ancient times　.
这个传统起源于古代。
take on承担；呈现；雇用
【教材原句】　...Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members， who will take on many of the future repairs. ……现在王先生将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。
【用法】
take over 　　接受；接管 take down 　　记下；拆卸 take place 　　发生；进行；举行 take apart 　　拆卸；拆开 take in 　　吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟
【佳句】　He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。
【助记】　Great changes have taken place since she took over the company.
自从她接管公司以来，发生了巨大变化。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The company has been in good condition since it was taken 　over　 by his youngest son.
②The old woman was taken 　in　 by the false advertisement the other day.
【写美】　补全句子
③Diverse activities such as Reading Salon and Books Exchange 　took place　 on that day.
当天还举行了读书沙龙、图书交流等多种多样的活动。
associate v.与……有关；联系；联想；交往
【教材原句】　Yet they did not seek fame， and even today， their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.
然而，他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与皇室联系在一起，而不是与他们联系在一起。
【用法】
（1）associate ...with ... 　　把……与……联系起来 （2）associated adj.　　有关联的；相关的 be associated with 　　与……有联系，与……有关 （3）association n.　　联合，关联；联系；协会 in association with 　　与……联合；与……有关
【佳句】　It is very easy to memorize difficult words or sentences when they are associated with interesting things.难记的单词或句子与一些有趣的事物联系起来时，记住它们就轻而易举了。
【生义】　associate还可用作形容词，意为“副的”。an associate director副主任。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Associate 　with　 positive-thinking people， and you are definitely going to achieve success.
【写美】　一句多译
②自制饺子往往与乡愁联系在一起，因为口味和馅料各家不同。
→Home-made dumplings 　are often associated with homesickness　， as flavors and fillings vary from family to family.（associate）
→Home-made dumplings 　are often in association with homesickness　， as flavors and fillings vary from family to family.（association）
leave behind 留下，遗留；抛下；把……抛在后面
【教材原句】　With their remarkable skills， innovation， diligence and humility， the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
凭借他们卓越的技能、创新、勤奋和谦逊，雷氏家族留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的工艺是一种可以持续超越一生的财富。
【用法】
leave out 　　省去；遗漏；不考虑 leave aside 　　搁置一边；不予考虑 leave alone　　不打扰；不干涉 leave off　　停止（做某事）；中断
【佳句】　The other climbers were more experienced and I was worried I’d get left behind.
其他的登山者更富有经验。我担心自己会被落在后面。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When the rain started to fall， they had no choice but to leave 　off　 their picnic in the park.
②It makes no sense to try to persuade me， because I won’t listen. Leave me 　alone　！
【写美】　补全句子
③Whenever you say something， never 　leave out/aside the others’ feelings　.
无论何时你说些什么，一定要考虑别人的感受。
in light of 考虑到；鉴于
【教材原句】　It concludes by reviewing the main theme of the essay in light of all the evidence that has been presented.根据呈现的所有证据，它以回顾文章主题的方式结尾。
【用法】
make light of 　　对……不在乎；轻视 come to light 　　暴露；为人所知；变得众所周知 cast light on 　　使（问题等）较容易理解；阐明某事 bring ...to light　　揭露；披露；暴露 be in one’s light　　挡住某人的视线
【佳句】　In light of the recent economic situation， the company decided to adjust its strategy.
鉴于最近的经济形势，公司决定调整其战略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When the investigation was completed， many details that had been hidden before came 　to　 light.
②We shouldn’t make light 　of　 the problems that this plan will cause in the future.
【写美】　补全句子
③A recent research 　has cast light on　 the cause of the disease.
一项最新研究阐明了这种疾病的原因。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：if引导的虚拟条件句
【教材原句】　If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
【用法】
事实情况 if条件从句 主句
与现在事实相反 If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be动词用were） ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋do ...
与过去事实相反 If＋主语＋had＋done ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋have done ...
与将来事实相反 ①If＋主语＋were to do ... ②If＋主语＋should＋do ... ③If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be动词用were） ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋do ...
【品悟】　If it hadn’t been for your help， I wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
如果不是你帮忙，我就不会按时完成工作。
【写美】　微写作/一句多译
①如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市比以前更干净。（演讲稿）
If I 　were a dustman　， I 　would make our city cleaner　 than before.
②如果你参考了那些失败的经验，就不会在考试中犯下这样的错误。
If you 　had referred to those failed experiences　， you 　would not have made　 such a mistake in the exam.
③如果今天下午下雨，篮球赛就会推迟。（告知信）
→If it 　rained　 this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
→If it 　should rain　 this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
→If it 　were to rain　 this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】　Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin. 这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
【用法】
本句是一个由表示地点的介词短语开头的完全倒装句。为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中的主语和谓语完全倒装。在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
【品悟】　Among the stars shines a bright one， like a guiding light.
在群星之中闪耀着一颗明亮的星星，如同一盏指路明灯。
【写美】　微写作
①在街道的尽头矗立着一座宏伟的建筑。
At the end of the street 　stands a magnificent building　.
②在这个城市的西部有一个公园，它每年吸引上百万的游客。（告知信）
In the west of the city 　lies a park　， attracting millions of visitors every year.
维度一：品句填词
1.The book is too long but， 　nonetheless　 （尽管如此）， informative and entertaining.
2.The planes delivering 　precious　（贵重的） supplies of medicine and food took off.
3.My mother often 　polishes　（擦亮） the furniture in our house and keeps it clean.
4.When hearing something strange， the fierce dog began to 　bark　 （吠叫）.
5.We must encourage the planting of new trees and 　preserve　（保护） our existing woodlands.
6.She completely 　dominated　（控制） each member of the group so they had to follow her.
7.The priceless 　antiques　 （古董） in the palace were well protected.
8.He’s very 　modest　 （谦虚的） about his achievements.
9.To get the maximum　 benefit， do the exercises slowly.
10.For homework I want you to write an essay　 on endangered species.
维度二：词形转换
1.They have preserved some traditional cultural practices that are 　associated　 （associate） with particular art forms.
2.You can draw a conclusion only by undertaking the 　analysis　 （analyse） of the data.
3.The 　architectural　 （architecture） structure of the Temple of Heaven is unique.
4.Gradually， Microsoft became the 　dominant　 （dominate） company in the software business.
5. The first task following the disaster was the 　restoration　（restore） of clean water supplies.
6.Kumar was a hard-working and 　ambitious　 （ambition） student in Academic Magnet High School.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The dish is said to have 　originated from　 （起源于） the pre-Qin period.
2.He who was regarded as a bookish man was finally fed up with doing the same thing， 　day in， day out　 （日复一日）.
3.It is said that many professions 　are associated with　 （与……有关） a particular stereotype.
4.Online students are able to work 　at their own pace　 （按照他们自己的节奏） and often finish faster than traditional students.
5.I had to 　take on　 （承担） the responsibility of cleaning the house and cooking meals.
6.　If it hadn’t rained so hard last night　 （如果昨天晚上没有下那么大的雨）， the crops wouldn’t have fallen down.
维度四：课文语法填空
If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known that Wang Jin， a clock restoration master， who has spent his life 1.　restoring　 （restore） precious antiques.Although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo 2.　taken　 （take） with him， Wang Jin still regards himself 3.　as　 an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum.Today， the Palace Museum has one of the most significant 4.　collections　 （collect） of timepieces in the world， mainly 5.　originating　 （originate） from Europe and China.Through their painstaking efforts， Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks — they bring them back 6.　to　 life.
Wang Jin thinks the sound of the repaired and polished clocks is the 7.　most　 （much） beautiful music in the world.After eight months of 8.　endless　 （end） adjustments， the gigantic clocks 9.　that　 date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong come back to life.Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with 10.　skilful　 （skill） hands and modest hearts.It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·浙江绍兴诸暨高二上期末）Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize， also called “China’s Nobel Prize”， the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs （企业家）.Since the establishment in 2016， a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far.
　　Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes （抗原小体） and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens （病原体）.Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security.
　　Chai said that he felt extremely honored， excited and happy via a video call at the press conference.He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work.“My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years.Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable， and I believe our cooperation will carry on，” he said.
　　During the video call， Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context.It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture.
　　Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature.Notably， both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials， positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years.
　　He Kaiming， Sun Jian， Ren Shaoqing， Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science， for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning （深度残差学习）.
　　The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from 14 to 17 October.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了荣获2023年未来科学奖的八名科学家的成就。
1.For what were the eight scientists awarded？（　　）
A.Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge.
B.Their long-term partnership in researches.
C.Their remarkable contributions to science.
D.Their intense efforts to overcome barriers.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段、第五段以及第六段内容可知，八位科学家因为他们对科学的卓越贡献获奖。
2.What contributes to their discovery according to Chai？（　　）
A.Vision.　　 B.Passion.
C.Ambition.　　D.Cooperation.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work.可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。
3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 indicate？（　　）
A.Their discovery is ground-breaking.
B.Zhao and Chen have a long way to go.
C.Research is certain to be rewarded.
D.The real value cannot be overestimated.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，他们的研究揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，是开创性的。
4.What is the purpose of the passage？（　　）
A.To appeal to many more people to innovate.
B.To reveal the recipe for their great success.
C.To encourage us to be committed to science.
D.To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize.
解析：D　写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文是为了介绍2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。
B
　　Claude Monet， a French painter who was the leader and advocate of the Impressionist style.When Claude， the eldest son of a grocer， was five years old， the family moved to the Normandy coast， where his father took over the management of his family’s grocery business.This event has more than biographical significance.It was Monet’s childhood， spent along the beaches and the knowledge he gained of the sea and the rapidly shifting Norman weather that would one day give rise to his fresh vision of nature.In these early years he also finished pencil sketches of sailing ships， which were almost technical in their clear descriptiveness.His aunt， Marie-Jeanne Lecadre， was an amateur painter， and， perhaps at her suggestion， Claude went to study drawing with a local artist.But his life as a painter did not begin until he was befriended by Eugène Boudin， who introduced Monet to the practice of painting in the open air.The experience set the direction for Monet， who for more than 60 years would concentrate on visible phenomena.
　　As the 1870s began， Monet continued his pursuit of natural phenomena.In order to avoid the Franco-German War， he left his family and traveled to London.There， he was introduced to Paul Durand-Ruel， who was to become his dealer.The years he lived there marked the height of the Impressionist movement.He helped organize an independent exhibition of the Impressionists’ work in 1874.Impression： Sunrise （1872）， one of Monet’s works at the exhibition， inspired the journalist Louis Leroy to give the group their name.
　　Monet attracted the dedicated support of collectors throughout his career， most notably from Americans.His influence on other artists was wide-ranging.During the years 1886 to 1914， a colony （群体） of mainly American artists gathered around him and regarded him as the best example of modern French painting.They adopted his fresh palette （调色板）， subject matter， and natural style and eventually introduced these elements to American art.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印象派代表人物莫奈的成名历程以及他在绘画领域做出的贡献。
5.Which influenced Monet’s new vision of nature？（　　）
A.His love for the sea and beaches.
B.His childhood experiences in Norman.
C.His early life spent with Eugene Boudin.
D.His early years of pencil sketches practice.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was Monet’s childhood， spent along the beaches and the knowledge he gained of the sea and the rapidly shifting Norman weather that would one day give rise to his fresh vision of nature.可知，莫奈对大自然产生了新的视角是因为三个方面：童年在海边度过、海洋知识和快速变化的诺曼气候，B项是对这三个方面内容的概括。
6.Where was Monet educated according to the passage？（　　）
A.In a formal artistic school.
B.From his aunt.
C.At home by self-teaching.
D.From other artists.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的perhaps at her suggestion， Claude went to study drawing with a local artist.But his life as a painter did not begin until he was befriended by Eugène Boudin， who introduced Monet to the practice of painting in the open air可知，莫奈跟随一位当地艺术家学画，之后又跟Eugène Boudin进行户外绘画的实践和学习，所以说莫奈是从其他艺术家那里接受教育的。
7.Why did Monet get to London？（　　）
A.To meet his dealer.
B.To paint more in the open air.
C.To keep away from the war.
D.To launch the art movement.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In order to avoid the Franco-German War， he left his family and traveled to London.可知，为了逃离战争，莫奈去了伦敦。
8.What’s the last paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The criticism to Monet.
B.Monet’s influence on other artists.
C.The popularity of Monet in America.
D.Monet’s art achievements.
解析：B　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的His influence on other artists was wide-ranging.可知，最后一段主要讲了莫奈对其他艺术家的影响。
C
　　（2024·山西怀仁一中高二下月考）When I turned twelve， I worked in summer at my father’s small brick cleaning business.I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution， the dim bulb light reflecting the busy figures and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick.It was tempting to have your job just finished.But anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards， and that included me.If I messed up， he made me stay late until I got it right.My father wasn’t being mean.He demanded the exact same of himself.Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.It was his signature.
　　In 1970， when I was twenty， I was to get married.I moved out of my parent’s modest place into a housing project.Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to damage the projects.Some of my friends went to jail.Some were killed.My wife Verllen， was 18， and nobody gave our marriage a chance.But we believed in each other.And our faith made us strong.
　　When we married， I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super Food.It was hard， tedious work.Each Friday night a truck came， with cases of food that had to be unloaded， priced and placed on shelves.Most of stock clerks try to get Friday night off.But I was always ready to work.By Saturday morning， all the cans and jars in my aisle were placed with a label facing smartly out， like a line of soldiers on review.That was my signature.I took pride in a job nobody wanted.
　　Years past since I established my belief in doing the job， influenced profoundly by my father’s persistence and standards.In my mind， it has become a tradition I hope this generation and the generations behind can keep to and follow.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受父亲影响，对工作坚持不懈并严格要求自己的故事。
9.What do we learn about the author’s father？（　　）
A.He is a tough person.
B.He is quite mean to others.
C.He is very demanding in his work.
D.He usually works very late.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He demanded the exact same of himself.Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.可知，作者的父亲在工作中要求很高。
10.What can be learned about the housing project？（　　）
A.It was a promising industry.
B.It was bothered by drugs and gang violence.
C.It enabled the author to get married.
D.It forced many people to go to prison.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I moved out of my parent’s modest place into a housing project.Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to damage the projects.可知，住房项目被毒品和帮派暴力所困扰。
11.Which of the following best described the author’s work as a stock clerk？（　　）
A.He was mainly responsible for unloading food.
B.He had to sign his name on every label.
C.He had to endure the hardship and boredom.
D.He was required to work at Friday night.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was hard， tedious work.可知，作者作库管员时要忍受艰苦和乏味。
12.What can be implied from the author’s working experience？（　　）
A.Persistence can be passed on to the next generation.
B.Hardship can help develop a person’s patience.
C.Demanding jobs are hard to address for a beginner.
D.Strong will must be cultivated in the harsh working environment.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者受父亲的影响，对工作坚持不懈，作者也希望后代人都能保持这份传统。因此从作者的工作经历看，坚持不懈的精神可以传递给下一代。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·云南师大实验中学高二下月考）
Overcoming Fear of Failure
　　Have you ever been so afraid of failing at something that you decided not to try at all？ Or has fear of failure meant that， subconsciously， you undermined （削弱） your own efforts to avoid the possibility of a larger failure？ 13.（　　） It’s important to realize that in everything we do， there’s always a chance that we’ll fail.Facing that chance and embracing it give us a more rewarding life.Here are a few ways to reduce the fear of failing.
　　Analyze all potential outcomes.14.（　　） Remove that fear by considering all of the potential outcomes of your decision.You can map possible outcomes visually.
　　Set small goals.Imagining how life will be after you’ve reached your goal is a great motivator to keep you moving forward.So start by setting a few small goals.15.（　　） Don’t focus on the end picture.Just focus on the next step.Taking one small step at a time will help build your confidence， keep you moving towards your final goal.
　　Learn to think more positively.Every coin has two sides.16.（　　） Learn to change your thoughts and focus more on the bright side of the situation， making you like yourself.Positive thinking is an incredibly powerful way to build self-confidence.
　　17.（　　） In some cases， the toughest situation may be genuinely disastrous （灾难性的） and it may be perfectly reasonable to fear failure.In other cases， however， this worst case may actually not be that bad， and recognizing this can help.
A.Look at the worse-case situation.
B.It is up to you to decide which one to look at.
C.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends.
D.Many of us have probably experienced this at one time or another.
E.If you are afraid of failure， you might be uncomfortable setting goals.
F.These should be goals that are slightly， but not overwhelmingly， challenging.
G.Many people experience fear of failure because they fear the unknown.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给出了四个方法。
13.D　上文讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素，下文讲述了失败存在的普遍性，D项（我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况）符合语境。
14.G　根据Analyze all potential outcomes.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有（好坏）结果，G项（许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知）是对段落主旨的阐释。
15.F　根据Set small goals.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标。结合上文So start by setting a few small goals.可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，F项（这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性）符合语境，对上文的小目标具体解释。
16.B　根据Learn to think more positively.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考。结合上文Every coin has two sides.可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，B项（你来决定要看哪一面）符合语境。
17.A　根据下文可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A项（看看更糟糕的情况）符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　上周五，你校组织全校师生观看了一部主题为“工匠精神（Craftsmanship Spirits）”的纪录片。请你就此次活动为校英语报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
　　1.观影情况；
　　2.观后反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Last Friday， our school organized a screening of a documentary， which explores the profound theme of unwavering dedication and mastery in craftsmanship.
　　The documentary focuses on representative craftsmen in different fields， highlighting the significance of commitment and innovation in their work.The audience was fascinated by the intricate details and precision presented in each craft.
　　After the screening， the audience expressed their admiration for the craftsmen and their commitment to their work.Overall， the documentary left a lasting impression， reminding us of the value of craftsmanship and inspiring us to strive for excellence.
17 / 17UNIT 2　A life’s work
单元话题导入
　　本单元主要介绍了历史上不同时期不同领域的杰出人物在各自的职业生涯中对于工匠精神的理解和践行。通过了解这些名人的事迹，学习他们的工匠精神，克服困难，迎接挑战，培养钻研探索的精神，发现自己的人生价值，用持之以恒的精神实现人生理想。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
devote， overcome， pursuit， representative， be used for， at the cost of
1.To do one thing 　at the cost of　 a lifetime is a kind of true greatness.
2.The ultimate craftsman’s spirit supports the steady progress in the 　pursuit　 of dreams.
3.Through intense effort， Yuan Longping 　overcame　 enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could 　be used for　 farming in 1974.
4.Wu Mengchao is one 　representative　 of the large numbers of scientific workers that have 　devoted　 their lives to their researches.
1 / 1Section Ⅱ　Using language
表语从句
①This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
②This is what makes them so special.
③A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
④Bill Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
【我的发现】
1.根据句①、②可知，连接　代词　引导表语从句时要在从句中充当成分。
2.根据句③、④可知，连接　副词　引导表语从句时往往在从句中充当状语。
一、表语从句概述
　用来作表语的从句叫作表语从句，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋关联词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， seem， look， sound， taste， feel， remain， appear等。
二、表语从句的引导词及其用法
类别 连接词 例句
从属连词 that在从句中不充当句子成分，没有任何意义，只起连接作用，通常不可省略。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分，但有“是否”之意，一般不用if代替。 The question， however， is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. 然而，问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。
连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever， whatever，whichever等在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁能真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。
连接副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等在从句中作状语。 That’s where I can’t agree with you. 那是我不能同意你的地方。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 上一次我们玩得很开心是我们参观水上乐园的时候。
其他连接词 because，as if/though等。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look， seem， sound， be， become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于This/That/It is/was because ...句型中。 It’s just because he doesn’t know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 如今看来她好像已经认识米莉许多年了。
三、表语从句用虚拟语气的情况
如果主句的主语是advice， demand， order， suggestion， requirement， request， command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语形式是“（should＋）动词原形”，should可以省略。
My advice is that you （should） practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
【即时演练】　单句语法填空/补全句子
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s 　because　 he got a toothache.
②One of the great things about living in China is 　how　 convenient it is to travel to different places.
③The question is 　whether　 I can persuade him to give up the foolish idea.
④The best moment for the football star was 　when　 he scored the winning goal.
⑤Modesty is a kind of good quality， which is 　what　 it takes to be your personal best.
⑥The reason why Tom failed in the exam was 　that　 he didn’t work hard.
⑦Everybody makes mistakes； that’s 　why they put erasers on pencils　.
每个人都会犯错；这就是为什么他们把橡皮擦放在铅笔上。
⑧　It sounds as if　 someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
⑨Look at her face. It 　seems as if/though　 she has done a great thing.
瞧她的脸。看起来她好像做了一件大事。
⑩What he wants to know is 　whether we can finish our work　 by tomorrow morning.
他想知道的是我们能否在明天早上之前完成工作。
trial n.试验；试用；考验；审讯，审理
【教材原句】　... Ruth managed to grow them by much trial and error.
……鲁丝经过反复试验，终于把它们培育出来了。
【用法】
by trial and error 　　反复试验（以得出最佳结果） come to trial 　　开庭审理 on trial 　　在受审；在试验中；在试用期
【佳句】　Helen Keller ever wrote in her article that only through experiences of trial and suffering can success be achieved.
海伦·凯勒曾在她的文章中写道，只有通过考验和苦难的经历才能获得成功。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We go through all the 　trials　 （trial） and hardships that come with family life.
②We have full confidence in solving this problem 　by　 trial and error.
【写美】　补全句子
③He is currently 　on trial　 for drunk driving in that court.
他目前正在那个法庭接受酒后驾车的审判。
contribute to 有助于；促成；导致；捐献
【教材原句】　In addition to new stage designs and singing styles， his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters.This contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.除了新的舞台设计和演唱风格，他在化妆和服装设计方面的创新使女性角色的刻画更为生动。这极大地促进了京剧的发展。
【用法】
（1）contribute v.　　做贡献，捐献；是……的原因；撰稿 contribute ...to ... 　　为……捐献……；为……写稿 （2）contribution n.　　贡献；捐助 make contributions/a contribution to ... 　　为……做出贡献
【佳句】　Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.　 　有助于　
②It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your magazine. 　　投稿　
③Wolko made outstanding 　contributions　 （contribution） to children’s medicine.
【写美】　翻译句子
④提前了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这篇文章。
　Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.　
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are 　where　 the sport is.
2.The syrup （糖浆） finally turned into a solid coating， like the crystal on the surface of haws. That is 　why　 they are also called bingtanghulu.
3.The reason why she was absent from the meeting was 　that　 she was badly ill.
4.What I want to know is 　whose　 bag was stolen.
5.However dark the road ahead is， always keep your head up to the sky because that’s 　where　 your dreams lie.
6.Lacking in the spirit of innovation， the small island country remains 　what　 it was 5 years ago.
7.As is well known to all， the Spring Festival is 　when　 the family are reunited and celebrate the new year.
8.The point is 　whether　 we can find a bag resembling the old one.
9.He didn’t attend the meeting. That’s 　because　 he had an urgent thing to deal with.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.My outstanding personal ability is 　where my strength lies　.
我突出的个人能力正是我的优势所在。
2.That’s 　why my parents were/got angry with me　.
那正是我父母生我气的原因。
3.What struck me was 　that they have all suffered a lot　.
让我印象深刻的是他们都受了很多苦。
4.There are times when people can fall asleep anywhere； that’s 　because they are too tired　.
有时候人们能在任何地方睡着，那是因为他们太累了。
5.The problem is 　who can be sent there　.
问题是谁可以被派往那里。
6.When fat and salt are removed from food， the food tastes 　as if/though it is missing something　.
当脂肪和盐从食物中被去除时，食物尝起来好像少了些什么。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
　　The fact is 1.　that　 Wendy was a famous writer， but no one knew where she came from and the question remained 2.　whether　 she was born in 1961.What they did know was 3.　that　 she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.Despite this， some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was 4.　what　 Wendy couldn’t understand， but it seemed as if she didn’t care.The most important was 5.　that　 she just wanted to do whatever she thought was right.She thought that was 6.　where　 the meaning of life lay.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Gregory Burns， a well-known artist and speaker， has run a marathon， climbed both Mount Kinabalu and Jade Mountain， and much more.He has gained many achievements in his life despite the fact that he had polio （小儿麻痹症） as a child.
　　When Burns was one year old， he was diagnosed with polio， and he lost the use of his legs.In 1962， his doctor said， “The best thing for a kid with polio would be to swim in a warm-water pool.” So， arrangements were made for the boy to practice swimming.In the water， he felt a freedom that he didn’t experience anywhere else.In 1977， Burns discovered the Paralympic Games.He spent the next 27 years in international swimming competitions， some of which resulted in five world records.
　　In 1984， Burns moved to Taiwan Province where he studied Chinese art.From 1989 to 1990， he worked as a teacher at Studio Classroom.Over the years， Burns had many interesting jobs.But it wasn’t until he returned to art that he truly felt fulfilled.He went back to school and completed a Master of Fine Arts （MFA） in 1999.Then， working as a full-time artist， Burns uses his art to inspire people of all ages.He has a special interest in disadvantaged children.He employs art classes and other methods to help them to look within and make the most of the skills they do have and not to let the disabilities stand in their way when achieving their goals.
　　Today Burns is recognized as a world-class athlete， a motivational speaker and a notable artist.He has always aspired to excellence and encourages others to do the same.
　　He suggests everyone should embrace and celebrate those things that challenge them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的Gregory Burns的励志故事。
1.Which statement is true about Gregory Burns according to the text？（　　）
A.He is a famous climber.
B.He is a man of great achievements.
C.He lost his legs when he was a child.
D.He practiced swimming for 27 years.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He has gained many achievements in his life despite the fact that he had polio（小儿麻痹症） as a child.可知，Gregory Burns是一个取得很多成就的人。
2.According to Paragraph 3， what made Burns feel really fulfilled in his life？（　　）
A.That he studied art again and worked as an artist.
B.That he worked as a teacher at Studio Classroom.
C.That he helped and inspired some disabled children.
D.That he moved to Taiwan Province to study Chinese art.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的But it wasn’t until he returned to art that he truly felt fulfilled.可知，Burns真正感到满足是当他重新学习艺术，成为艺术家时。
3.Which of the following words can best describe Burns？（　　）
A.Determined.　　 B.Ambitious.
C.Intelligent.　　 D.Creative.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，尽管Burns小时候得了小儿麻痹症，但这并没阻挡他追求自己的梦想并鼓励身边的人。由此可推断出，Burns是一个有决心的人。
4.What can we learn from Gregory Burns？（　　）
A.A person’s attitude determines his height.
B.Failure is just not enough for your efforts.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.The world will give way to those who have goals.
解析：D　推理判断题。从Burns的故事中，我们可以知道：只要你有梦想，并为之努力，即使你有残疾，也不会阻挡你追寻梦想的脚步。因此“世界会给那些有目标的人让路”是我们可以从Burns身上学到的。
B
　　Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives searching for truths.
　　Sir Isaac Newton， the seventeenth century scientist， was very smart， but nonetheless， that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things.In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments.Once， while testing how light passed through lenses， he put a long needle into his eye， pushed it to the back， and then moved it around just to see what would happen.Luckily， nothing long-lasting did.On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear， to discover what effect this would have on his sight.Again he escaped suffering permanent damage， though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
　　In the 1770s the Swedish chemist Carl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus （磷）.He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine， though he didn’t get any acclaim for them.He was a very clever scientist， but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting some of every substance he worked with.This risky practice finally caught up with him， and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals， any of which might have been responsible for his death.
　　Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist.He spent a large part of his life studying craters （火山口） on the Moon， and how they were formed， and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter.In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the Earth.While driving in the Tanami desert， normally one of the emptiest places in the world， another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.Some of his ashes were sent to the Moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹。
5.Which word is similar to the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Brief.　　 B.Lasting.
C.Slight.　　 D.Ordinary.
解析：B　词义猜测题。第二段列举了Isaac Newton的两个实验，在第一个实验中，为了测试光线如何穿过透镜，他把一根长针插进眼睛，推到后面，然后移动它，看看会发生什么，结果是Luckily， nothing long-lasting did.。在第二个实验中，他久久地盯着太阳，想看看这对他的视力有什么影响，根据画线词所在句可知，Isaac Newton不得不在一间黑暗的房间里待上几天，直到他的眼睛恢复，说明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的伤害。结合本句中的Again可知，permanent与上文中的long-lasting对应，意为“永久的”。
6.What do we know about Carl Scheele according to this text？（　　）
A.He was killed by tasting phosphorus.
B.He killed himself with some dangerous chemicals.
C.His habit of tasting chemicals might account for his death.
D.He got a large number of honors for discovering many chemical elements.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他是一位非常聪明的科学家，但他的一个缺点是有一个好奇的习惯，即对他所研究的每一种物质都要尝一些。这种危险的做法终于产生了问题。1786年，他被发现死在实验室里，周围有大量的危险化学品，任何一种化学品都有可能导致他的死亡。由此可推测，Carl Scheele喜欢品尝化学物质的习惯可能是他死亡的原因。
7.As for Shoemaker， what can we learn from the passage？（　　）
A.He was knocked over and died in a desert.
B.All of his ashes were placed on the Moon.
C.One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D.A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While driving in the Tanami desert， normally one of the emptiest places in the world， another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.可知，当Shoemaker和他的妻子在塔纳米沙漠开车时，另一辆车撞上了他们，Shoemaker当场死亡。
8.What does the text mainly talk about？（　　）
A.Three great scientists’ famous experiments.
B.Three great scientists’ great achievements.
C.Three great scientists’ sacrifice for truths.
D.Three great scientists’ special honors.
解析：C　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹，即三位伟大的科学家为真理所作出的牺牲。
C
　　At Beijing’s Palace Museum， it sometimes seems that time stands still， but the clocks keep ticking at a small workshop.This is where clock conservator Qi Haonan works.As the fourth generation to repair and restore antique clocks at the museum since 1949， Qi has returned more than 100 timepieces to their former glory.
　　“What amazes me most about these clocks is that they combine the scientific advances， technological precision and the trend in decorative art of their particular era.I want to enable more people to marvel （惊叹） at the mechanics，” Qi says， adding that through short-video platforms， where his accounts have attracted more than 3 million followers， he can share with a wider audience just how magnificent the clocks are when they are fully functional.
　　“These clocks are rare treasures， not only serving as a plaything for emperors， but also witnessing the development of the mechanical weaving machine，” Qi says.He notes that the job requires extreme patience， because clock restoration is a dull and painstaking process， adding that it is proof positive of the proverb “More haste， less speed” and， in this case， haste can do a great deal of damage.
　　Although the antique clock repairing techniques at the Palace Museum were listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2014， it was a little-known skill and in short supply of career candidates before 2016， when three-part TV documentary， Masters in the Forbidden City， brought the profession into the national consciousness.Before the release of the documentary， for a decade it had just been he and his mentor Wang Jin doing the job.They tried to recruit graduates from college， but nobody applied.Qi didn’t expect that the documentary would make that profession a big hit.As a result， in 2017， Qi got two apprentices （学徒） and Wang got three.
　　“With the rising attention and influence， antique clock restoration can not only be further developed， but also be expanded to more museums that house antique clocks and watches，” Qi says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从亓昊楠的视角介绍了故宫古钟表修复工作。
9.What impresses Qi most with the antique clocks？（　　）
A.The glory of serving emperors.
B.The charm of decorative styles.
C.The combination of multi-field skills.
D.The magnificence of advanced technology.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的What amazes me most about these clocks is that they combine the scientific advances， technological precision and the trend in decorative art of their particular era.可知，这些古钟表多领域技术的结合让亓昊楠印象深刻。
10.Why is the proverb “More haste， less speed” mentioned in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.To warn the possible damage.
B.To explain the needed qualities.
C.To popularize the wise proverb.
D.To emphasize the rare treasures.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He notes that the job requires extreme patience ...and， in this case， haste can do a great deal of damage.可知，古钟表的维修工作需要极大的耐心，修得快则有可能造成很大的损害。由此推知，提到More haste， less speed是为了说明修古钟表需要的品质——耐心、细致。
11.What can we infer about Masters in the Forbidden City？（　　）
A.It introduces jobs to graduates.
B.It reveals unknown professions.
C.It records the history of documentaries.
D.It attracts tourists to the Palace Museum.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Masters in the Forbidden City， brought the profession into the national consciousness ...As a result， in 2017， Qi got two apprentices （学徒） and Wang got three.可知，这个电视纪录片为人们揭开了这项工作的神秘面纱，让更多的人了解了这项工作并参与其中。因此Masters in the Forbidden City揭露了鲜为人知的职业——古钟表修复。
12.What does Qi think of the future of antique clock restoration？（　　）
A.Promising.　　 B.Unpredictable.
C.Declining.　　 D.Stable.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，亓昊楠认为随着关注度的提升，古钟表修复的未来是光明的。promising前景很好的；unpredictable不可预测的；declining越来越少的；stable稳定的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·重庆黔江中学高二下月考）Rejection doesn’t always hurt.Sometimes rejection may 　13　 a more certain path to our final goals.
　　This year football fans have been watching to see how Joe would 　14　 in the playoffs （季后赛） this season.Joe dreamed to play in the National Football League （NFL）， but his journey wasn’t a（n） 　15　 one.He applied to several colleges， but none 　16　 him.Later， he got into Ohio State， but he sat on the 　17　 for three years.Ohio State had a great football program and coaches， who didn’t think Joe had 　18　.But Joe thought differently.He 　19　 Nebraska and got rejected once again， but he didn’t quit.Then he applied to Louisiana State University， which accepted him.The rest is history.
　　Joe became the Heisman Trophy 　20　 during his senior year， then he was admitted to the NFL， and later， his team participated in the World Championship.
　　Joe’s story reminds us that there are 　21　 paths to our final goals and that it 　22　 strong endurance and determination to reach them.No single 　23　 is going to prevent you from 　24　 your long-term goals.Be sure to　25　 the pain that comes from disappointment and face it bravely.Try to focus on goals rather than the 　26　 outcome of being rejected and remember that the hurt of rejection comes from how we 　27　 it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过反复被拒的Joe坚持不懈并最终实现目标的故事告诉人们：被拒绝并不总是痛苦的，通往最终目标的道路有很多，但有时经受的拒绝可能是通向目标的更加确定的道路。
13. A.follow　　 B.lead
C.create　　 D.clear
解析：C　根据上文Rejection doesn’t always hurt.可知，拒绝并不总是痛苦的，有时候拒绝会创造出一条通往目标的更加确定的路。follow跟随；lead带领；create创造；clear清除。
14. A.study　　 B.perform
C.train　　 D.join
解析：B　根据语境可知，粉丝们一直很期待Joe在本赛季季后赛中的表现。study学习；perform履行，表演，表现；train训练，培训；join参加。
15. A.tough　　 B.fun
C.attractive　　 D.easy
解析：D　but表示转折，上文说Joe梦想在NFL打球，所以这里是说他通往NFL的旅程并不容易。tough艰难的；fun有趣的；attractive吸引人的；easy容易的，轻易的。
16. A.accepted　　 B.remembered
C.rejected　　 D.ignored
解析：A　but表示转折，上文说他申请了好几所大学，根据空前的none可知，没有一所大学录取他。accept接受；remember记得；reject拒绝；ignore忽视。
17. A.bench　　 B.stand
C.team　　 D.stage
解析：A　根据上文可知，Joe是一名足球运动员。but前后表示转折，上文说他进入了俄亥俄州立大学，所以这里应是说他没有上场比赛的机会，在替补席上坐了三年。bench场边的运动员休息区，替补队员席；stand货摊；team队；stage舞台。
18. A.chance　　 B.resource
C.potential　　 D.enthusiasm
解析：C　Joe在替补席上坐了三年却没有上场的机会，这说明教练不看好他，认为他没有潜力。chance机会；resource资源；potential潜力；enthusiasm热情。
19. A.signed up for　　 B.applied to
C.attended to　　 D.searched for
解析：B　根据上文He applied to several colleges和下文Then he applied to Louisiana State University可知，这里表示他向内布拉斯加州大学提出申请。sign up for报名（参加课程）；apply to向……申请；attend to处理，照料；search for寻找。
20. A.fan　　 B.adviser
C.learner　　 D.winner
解析：D　根据空前的the Heisman Trophy可知，他是海兹曼奖的获得者。fan迷，狂热爱好者；adviser顾问，忠告者；learner学习者；winner获胜者。
21. A.similar　　 B.smooth
C.multiple　　 D.flat
解析：C　根据上文Joe多次遭到拒绝后最终在努力坚持下实现目标的故事并结合常识可知，通向最终目标的道路有许多种，而Joe的这种道路非常艰辛。similar相似的；smooth平滑的，顺利的；multiple数量多的，多种多样的；flat平坦的。
22. A.costs　　 B.takes
C.makes　　 D.offers
解析：B　这里it是形式主语，真正的主语是strong endurance and determination to reach them。这里表达的是通向这些目标需要强大的耐力和决心。cost需付费，价钱为；take需要，要求；make制作；offer主动提出。
23. A.theory　　 B.training
C.rejection　　 D.excuse
解析：C　根据第一段中的Sometimes rejection may 　13　a more certain path to our final goals.可知，这里指的是拒绝不能阻止你实现目标。theory理论；training训练；rejection拒绝；excuse借口。
24. A.achieving　　 B.planning
C.announcing　　 D.explaining
解析：A　根据空后的your long-term goals可知，这里表示实现长期目标。achieve实现；plan计划；announce宣告；explain解释。
25. A.affect　　 B.emphasize
C.estimate　　 D.acknowledge
解析：D　根据face it bravely并结合语境可知，要勇敢面对痛苦，就要首先承认痛苦。affect影响；emphasize强调；estimate估计，估价；acknowledge承认，感谢。
26. A.active　　 B.negative
C.possible　　 D.predictable
解析：B　根据上文the pain that comes from disappointment和空后的outcome of being rejected可知，这里指被拒绝的负面结果。active积极的；negative消极的；possible可能的；predictable可预料的。
27. A.interpret　　 B.imagine
C.explore　　 D.escape
解析：A　结合Joe的故事可知，Joe虽然多次遭到拒绝，但他没有沉浸在受伤之中并放弃目标，而是坚持自己最初的目标，不断申请学校，寻找提升的机会，最终他获得了成功，本文建议要把注意力放在目标上而不是被拒绝的负面结果上，被拒绝的伤害来自我们对它的理解方式，积极看待它或许会获得更好的结果，而消极看待它则会一直沉浸在痛苦之中。interpret诠释，理解；imagine想象；explore探索；escape逃跑。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 28.　　　　　　 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls.
　　With the support of the Party and the government， she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families.Since it opened in 2008， it 29.　　　　　　 （see） more than 1，800 students progress to universities and colleges.
　　About 20 years ago， while on the way to visit a student’s house， Zhang Guimei， then a rural teacher in Huaping county， Lijiang， Yunnan Province， noticed a girl 30.　　　　　　 （sit） on the hillside.She was staring 31.　　　　　　 （blank） into space.The girl， 13， told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents.
　　That fateful encounter （邂逅） persuaded Zhang 32.　　　　　　 （build） a free high school for girls， aiming to help break the spell （魔咒） 33.　　　　　 women drop out of education， marry early and spend 34.　　　　　　 （they） whole lives in the remote mountain.
　　After years of trying to raise funds， in 2008， Huaping High School for Girls， a free public high school， 35.　　　　　　 （found） at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping， where Zhang is the principal.Over the decades， More than 1，800 36.　　　　　　 （graduate） have been admitted to college， 37.　　　　　　 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area， as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
28.with　考查固定搭配。be honored with获得荣誉。故填with。
29.has seen　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句Since it opened in 2008可知，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
30.（was） sitting　考查非谓语动词/动词的时态。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用动词-ing形式作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，空处作从句的谓语动词，表示当时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填（was） sitting。
31.blankly　考查词形转换。修饰动词staring应用副词，故填blankly。
32.to build　考查非谓语动词。persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事。故填to build。
33.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，women drop out of education， marry early and spend 34.　　　　　　 （they） whole lives in the remote mountain解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，故填that。
34.their　考查代词。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole lives，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
35.was founded　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是a free public high school，故填was founded。
36.graduates　考查名词复数。名词graduate前面有More than 1，800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
37.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语。故填which。
12 / 12单元质量检测（二）　A life’s work
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the woman probably do？（　　）
A.Stay at home.
B.Buy a book.
C.Go to the countryside.
2.What will the woman eat？（　　）
A.Eggs and toast.
B.Fruit and vegetables.
C.Toast and fruit.
3.Whom is the woman speaking to？（　　）
A.A repairman.
B.A salesman.
C.A receptionist.
4.What does the man think of the watch？（　　）
A.He thinks it looks awesome.
B.He feels it is expensive.
C.He can’t tell if it is different.
5.What does the man mean in the end？（　　）
A.He won’t be able to watch the game.
B.He won’t play in the game.
C.He’ll go to see a doctor this weekend.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？（　　）
A.Manager and assistant.
B.Headmaster and teacher.
C.Interviewer and applicant.
7.What is the strength of the woman？（　　）
A.Being creative.
B.Being cooperative.
C.Being competitive.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What kind of party is the woman planning？（　　）
A.Her birthday party.
B.The New Year’s party.
C.A company party.
9.What will the woman do next？（　　）
A.Help the man.
B.Tell the man what to do.
C.Finish the preparations by herself.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What kind of medicine will the woman’s daughter take？（　　）
A.Liquid.　　　B.Tablets.　　C.Capsules.
11.When should the little girl take the medicine according to the man’s advice？（　　）
A.Before bedtime.
B.One hour after meals.
C.Two hours before meals.
12.Where are probably the two speakers？（　　）
A.In a hospital.
B.In a clinic.
C.In a drugstore.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What did the man plan to do next Saturday？（　　）
A.Have a party with his friends.
B.See the house with the woman.
C.Play basketball.
14.What does the woman think of the man at first？（　　）
A.He is lazy.
B.He is selfish.
C.He is hardworking.
15.When will the woman move at last？（　　）
A.On Sunday.　　B.On Saturday.　　C.On Friday.
16.Which of the following surprises the man？（　　）
A.Moving early in the morning.
B.Borrowing his car for the whole day.
C.Working on Saturday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What is the speaker mainly talking about？（　　）
A.A measure to deal with being overweight.
B.A school to offer cooking lessons.
C.A way to set up cookery clubs.
18.What do we know about the cooking lessons？（　　）
A.They will be given in primary schools.
B.They will be provided one hour a week.
C.They will last for the whole school year.
19.Why are schools setting up “Let’s Get Cooking” clubs？（　　）
A.To teach children to cook healthy food.
B.To train more cookery teachers for schools.
C.To help students remember simple recipes.
20.What does the government promise to do？（　　）
A.Buy the equipment.
B.Build new kitchens.
C.Help poor students.
答案：1－5　AABCB　6－10　CBCBA
11－15　ACCBB　16－20　AABAC
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Let’s go driving in the countryside and then have a picnic.
W：I’d love to， but I’d rather read a book in bed on such a cloudy day.
（Text 2）
W：I’d like to order breakfast， please.I’ll take a cup of coffee， a bowl of fruit， some toast， and two eggs.
M：I’m sorry.We’re out of fruit this morning.Can I bring you some potatoes or seasonal vegetables instead？
W：Sure， I’ll have both.Thanks.
（Text 3）
M：Hi， my name is Colin Peterson， and I represent Comfort Breeze.Would you be interested in having your air conditioner replaced？
W：We just replaced it last spring.
M：Well， we are offering a big discount.
W：I’m afraid I’m not interested， but thank you for calling.
（Text 4）
M：You got the Samsung Galaxy Watch.Let me see it ...Wow， it looks just like a regular watch.
W：Yeah， that’s the cool thing about it：it has all these awesome features， but you can also use it as regular stuff.
（Text 5）
W：What happened to your leg？
M：I broke it while playing soccer last week.My doctor told me to wear this thing for a month.
W：I thought you had a championship game this weekend.
M：I do， unfortunately.I guess I’ll be watching from the sidelines.
（Text 6）
M：What’s your present position， please？
W：I’ve been a secretary for two years.Before that I taught at a university.
M：And how do you like working for IBM？
W：It’s challenging. But I feel I will learn a lot here.
M：What strengths will you bring to the job？
W：I get along well with people.I enjoy working with others.
M：That’s good.We always need team players here.
（Text 7）
M：What are you doing， Jane？
W：I am planning a party.
M：A party？What party？Your birthday party？
W：Of course not.My birthday is in December， don’t you remember？It’s the company party. The general manager wants to invite some famous scientists， bankers and professors from universities to the party.These people are very important to the development of the company.
M：Have you finished all the planning？
W：Finished？You must be joking.I have just started.I still need to get a lot more information， and I’ll have to write many invitation letters.
M：Can I help you？
W：Would you？That would be very nice.Let me tell you what to do first.
（Text 8）
M：Can I help you？
W：Yes， please.I’d like to get this prescription filled.
M：OK.It’ll be a few minutes.
W：Oh， while I’m here ...my daughter coughed quite a bit last night.Can you suggest anything？
M：How old is your daughter？
W：She’s four.
M：This is a good cough mixture.Give her two teaspoons before she goes to bed.If her cough doesn’t clear up in a day or two， you should take her to the doctor.
W：I will.Thanks.
M：And here’s your prescription.
W：Are there any special instructions？
M：They’re on the bottle.You have to take it on an empty stomach.That means at least one hour before meals or two hours after.
（Text 9）
W：Hey， will you be busy next Saturday？
M：Probably， what’s the matter？
W：I’m moving to a new apartment.It would be great if you could help me load my boxes into the car.
M：Well， I’m sorry that I can’t make it.I have to play basketball that day.
W：Oh， come on！You can play basketball anytime！
M：I missed the last few games because I had too much work to do.If I miss it again， the other guys will be really mad.Can’t you move on Sunday instead？I could help you then.
W：It has to be Saturday！The landlord already arranged for someone else to move in the next day.I can’t believe you only care about yourself.You’re supposed to be my friend！
M：OK， all right， I’ll help you.
W：Oh，that’s great.Thanks！Will you come at around 5：00 in the morning？
M：What？Why so early？
W：I borrow my friend’s car， and she needs it for work.The only time I can use it is early in the morning.Don’t worry. It will only take an hour or two！
M：Well，I guess I can play basketball later that day.
（Text 10）
W：According to experts， nearly 25% of Britons， including children， are overweight. The government is worried and it is looking for ways to settle the problem.Many 11-to 14-year-olds already do cookery at school and from 2011， the government has been making this a must.It hopes that this will encourage people to cook instead of eating ready meals， fast food and snacks.All secondary school students will have cooking lessons for one hour a week for one term.They will learn to use simple， fresh stuff and simple recipes to prepare healthy， tasty meals.And schools are setting up cookery clubs called “Let’s Get Cooking” throughout the country.The clubs will give more children the chance to learn to cook after school.Head teachers worry about the equipment they will need for the lessons. About 15% of schools do not have kitchens and there are not enough cookery teachers. The government promises to train 800 cookery teachers and to give schools ￡2.5 million a year to help children from poor families.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　（2024·广东汕头河溪中学高二下月考）Selecting gifts for your beloved ones can be one of the most difficult parts.But don’t worry！ We can help！ Here are some gift ideas to suit all pockets.
Air purifier
　　Do you have a loved one who suffers from allergies （过敏） or other skin diseases？ Why not gift him or her an air cleaner？ Research has shown that air purifiers can help reduce allergy reactions， remove asthma （哮喘） causes such as dust by improving air quality in your home.Look for purifiers with more than one filter and， especially， a high efficiency air filter.
Electric toothbrush
　　One review of 56 studies has found that a powered toothbrush resulted in a 21 per cent reduction of plaque and an 11 per cent reduction in gingivitis （牙龈炎） after three months， compared with a manual toothbrush.It’s also a fun way for children to look after their dental hygiene.
Dark chocolate
　　Nothing screams a gift quite like chocolate.Good news is that dark chocolate is associated with several health benefits.Small amounts of this sweet treat may lower the risk of heart disease， improve brain function and give your immune system a boost， potentially reducing infection.
Your time
　　Quality time spent with your nearest and dearest is completely free， but is the most precious gift you could give them.If you’ve been too preoccupied of late， determine to put aside more hours to do fun things together， or if you have time to devote to others outside your immediate circle， consider volunteering with Age UK as a friend to an elderly person.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为你所爱的人可挑选的礼物。
21.Which of the following is suitable for someone with a dental problem？（　　）
A.Air purifier.　　 B.Electric toothbrush.
C.Dark chocolate.　　D.Your time.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据Electric toothbrush部分的介绍可知，电动牙刷适合有牙齿问题的人。
22.What do the first three presents have in common？（　　）
A.They belong to tech presents.
B.They are non-physical objects.
C.They are intended for the elderly.
D.They help promote healthy living.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据Air purifier部分中的第二句和Electric toothbrush部分中的第一句以及Dark chocolate部分中的第二句可知，前三个礼物的共同点是它们有助于促进健康的生活方式。
23.What is special about the last present？（　　）
A.It is priceless.　　B.It is worthless.
C.It is physical.　　D.It is rare.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Your time部分中的Quality time spent with your nearest and dearest is completely free， but is the most precious gift you could give them.可知，最后一个礼物是无价的。
B
　　（2024·四川成都石室中学高二下月考）The student arrived early， sat front and center， and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one.I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class.He eagerly jumped into class discussions， with his humor and wisdom of experience.And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives， as if each of them were a teacher.Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile — and he left with one， too.
　　“These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age，” Valencia says.
　　One day， I spotted Valencia on campus.He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year.By then， he hoped to have earned enough money and have his student-loan papers in order.He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class.
　　“Sure，” I said.But he wouldn’t get any credit.
　　“No problem，” he said.
　　Soon there he was again， back at his old desk， jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles — a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class.
　　A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework.“Here he is willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning，”says Jessica Espinosa， a 25-year-old junior.Afterward， I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree， but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college， so he had a long way to go.
　　There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then a master’s.At his current pace， he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall.But that doesn’t seem especially relevant.He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating.Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts （成绩单）.But I’m giving him an A — and in the most important ways， it counts.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。
24.What made Valencia different from his classmates？（　　）
A.He was respectful to the teacher.
B.He activated the class atmosphere.
C.He was eager to learn despite his age.
D.He often put forward different opinions.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，瓦伦西亚与他同学的不同之处在于：尽管他年纪大了，但他渴望学习。
25.According to the author， why did Valencia continue to attend classes？（　　）
A.He treasured the chance of learning.
B.He wished to show his determination.
C.He needed the credits to further his study.
D.He desired to have an A on his transcripts.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Here he is willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning，” says Jessica Espinosa， a 25-year-old junior.可知，瓦伦西亚继续上课是因为他得到了学习的乐趣，珍惜学习的机会。
26.Which of the following can best describe Valencia？（　　）
A.Modest and independent.
B.Energetic and generous.
C.Enthusiastic and motivated.
D.Considerate and intelligent.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的He eagerly jumped into class discussions， with his humor and wisdom of experience.可知，瓦伦西亚很热情；根据倒数第二段中的A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework.可知，他很上进。
27.What can we learn from the passage？（　　）
A.No pains， no gains.
B.It is never too old to learn.
C.Strike the iron while it is hot.
D.Where there is life， there is hope.
解析：B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点。他没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。由此可得出，本文主要告诉我们“It is never too old to learn.”的道理。
C
　　Chatting in her bright two-bedroom flat， Shirley Meredeen， aged 91， doesn’t hesitate to describe the benefits of living here.“It keeps my brain going.We are all very active because there is so much to do ...We’re really lucky to have such a supportive community.”
　　In 1998， Meredeen first heard of the concept of cohousing as developed in the Netherlands and decided to copy its model in the UK and create the Older Women Cohousing （OWCH） with her friends.But they didn’t imagine that it would be an 18-year struggle.The novelty of the idea coupled with the lack of data to prove the social and economic benefits made it difficult for them to access public money.Councils always compared their idea to sheltered accommodation and saw it as a burden for their already overstretched budgets.
　　In fact， the community-led housing is a departure from the conventional understanding of later life.Now， the community comprises 25 flats as well as a shared kitchen， meeting room， laundry， garden， car park and a guest room.People live together based on interdependence.They can take control of their future instead of relying on their families or care homes.All the neighbours look out for each other， not after each other， which means accompanying to medical appointments， doing the local shopping， having family contacts in preparation for an emergency ...But the limits of such informal care among residents still need to be worked out.
　　OWCH has paved the way to alternative living arrangements in later life and the support for community-led housing is starting to emerge in the form of guidance and funding， according to UK Cohousing Network.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Shirley Meredeen与她的朋友一起创建“老年女性同居”养老模式，但是这种非正式护理在居民中的局限性仍有待解决。
28.What do we know about Meredeen？（　　）
A.She first tried cohousing in the Netherlands.
B.She is a regular visitor to OWCH.
C.She is a pioneer in elderly care service.
D.She founded OWCH single-handed.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的In 1998， Meredeen first heard of the concept of cohousing as developed in the Netherlands and decided to copy its model in the UK and create the Older Women Cohousing （OWCH） with her friends.可推知，Meredeen是老年护理服务的先驱。
29.Why did it take such a long time to set up OWCH？（　　）
A.It didn’t benefit social economy.
B.It didn’t keep up with the time.
C.It called for careful budgeting.
D.It was hard to get public funding.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The novelty of the idea coupled with the lack of data to prove the social and economic benefits made it difficult for them to access public money.可知，建立OWCH需要这么长时间是因为很难获得公共资金。
30.Which is probably the reason why seniors choose OWCH？（　　）
A.They are more independent.
B.They are responsible for each other.
C.They receive more care services.
D.They can rely on their relatives.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的They can take control of their future instead of relying on their families or care homes.可推知，老年人选择OWCH的原因可能是他们更加独立。
31.What is the purpose of the text？（　　）
A.To describe an ambitious figure.
B.To introduce a new lifestyle of seniors.
C.To ensure elderly people’s welfare.
D.To inspire the aged to achieve their dreams.
解析：B　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了Shirley Meredeen与她的朋友一起创建“老年女性同居”养老模式。因此，本文的目的是介绍一种老年人的新生活方式。
D
　　（2024·河南安阳林州高二下月考）If you’ve ever spent time on a beach in the Gulf of Mexico or the Caribbean， there is a solid chance you came across a slimy mass of rotten， smelly seaweed.
　　The specific ocean plant during those encounters is likely sargassum （马尾藻） — while helpful for absorbing CO2， sargassum is also unbelievably harmful.It can seriously damage both shoreline and ocean ecosystems， killing red woods， seagrass and countless ocean animals.Cleanup efforts can cost tens of thousands of dollars while disturbing both tourist and fishing industries， but the AlgaRay project is showing great promise in relieving sargassum stress.In fact， its success has even earned it a place on Time’s Best Inventions of 2023.
　　Off the coasts of Antigua， a roughly 9-foot-wide AlgaRay robot picks up piles of sargassum until its storage container is full， at which point the autonomous robot dives 200 meters below the surface.At this depth， the air pockets that make sargassum leaves so buoyant （有浮力的） are so pressed by the water that it simply can’t float anymore.Once let go by AlgaRay， sargassum then sinks to the ocean floor.The robot can repeat this process between four and six times every hour.And thanks to a combination of solar panels， lithium batteries （锂电池）， and navigational tools， AlgaRay will eventually be able to work almost nonstop.
　　Of course， ocean ecosystems are complex and delicate at any depth.AlgaRay’s designers are well aware of this， and make sure they won’t increase ocean floor CO2 recklessly.A cautious pathway and detailed monitoring have been built into their approach.Additionally， they note sargassum blooms — worsened by human activities — are already causing major issues across the world.
　　As the name might imply， AlgaRay is inspired by manta rays （魔鬼鱼）， which are nearly 30 feet wide and feed on algae.In time， future generations of the robot could even match manta rays’ huge sizes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋中的一种特定植物——马尾藻的危害，以及为了应对这种危害而开发的一个创新项目——AlgaRay机器人。
32.What contributed to the birth of the AlgaRay project？（　　）
A.The government’s support.
B.The progress of technology.
C.The increase in tourism.
D.The success of fishing industry.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的And thanks to a combination of solar panels， lithium batteries （锂电池）， and navigational tools， AlgaRay will eventually be able to work almost nonstop.可知，技术的进步是AlgaRay项目诞生的一个关键因素。
33.How does the AlgaRay robot clean up sargassum？（　　）
A.By killing all the sargassum off coasts.
B.By locking sargassum in its container.
C.By delivering sargassum into deep sea.
D.By forcing sargassum to float on the surface.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，AlgaRay将马尾藻装入储存容器，然后送到深海底。
34.What does the underlined word “recklessly” in Paragraph 4 mean？（　　）
A.Temporarily.　　 B.Flexibly.
C.Irresponsibly.　　 D.Impatiently.
解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文Of course， ocean ecosystems are complex and delicate at any depth.可推测，海洋生态系统非常脆弱，因此，设计师需要确保这些机器人不能不负责任地增加海底的二氧化碳。temporarily暂时；flexibly灵活地；irresponsibly不负责任地；impatiently不耐烦地。
35.What can we infer about the future of AlgaRay from the text？（　　）
A.It will be far bigger.
B.It will be much cheaper.
C.It will dive deeper still.
D.It will work even longer.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的In time， future generations of the robot could even match manta rays’ huge sizes.可推测，AlgaRay未来会和魔鬼鱼一样大小。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　High school is a great time to start thinking about careers. 36.（　　） Follow this simple checklist to view the steps you can take now to work towards long-term career success.
Stay on top of your school assignments.
37.（　　） Stay on track with schoolwork and plan ahead for deadlines. How you perform in high school lets colleges gauge （判断） what type of student you are and lets employers assess what type of employee you’ll make. Plus， the skills you learn in school will last a lifetime.
Think about what kind of job you would like to have some day.
Think about what you want to do with your life in the future. Do you like being around lots of people， or are you more of a loner？ Would you like to work in a busy office， or do you prefer the outdoors？ 38.（　　） Having a career that you like and you are good at will be a big part of your future happiness.
Get experience.
Get an early start on career exploration by trying out an internship （实习工作） or job shadowing opportunity. These types of on-the-job training are great ways to get some “real world” experience in a field that interests you. 39.（　　） Ask questions， find out the challenges they face， and learn from their experience.
40.（　　）
After spending all day in the classroom， you may just be too tired to repeat it all again at home. But parents are a great sounding board for your important decisions. They have experience that you don’t. They can help you look at a situation more clearly and provide support as you solve problems.
A.Find out if they are satisfied with their job.
B.Talk to your parents about your future plans.
C.A good career choice “fits” your personality and interests.
D.Now is not the time to let your schoolwork get away from you.
E.You still have time to change course and explore different career paths.
F.Plus， you’ll have the opportunity to meet professionals who do what you hope to do.
G.It’s wise to use this time to explore career opportunities and narrow down your choices.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生为了实现未来职业成功能够采取的措施。
36.G　空前一句指出高中是开始为职业作出考虑的好时候。空后一句指出：这份清单介绍了你现在可以采取的一些措施，助你实现长期的职业成功。G项（利用这段时间探索职业机会并缩小选择范围是明智的）符合语境。
37.D　本段小标题指出：完成好你的学业。空后一句说明了要按计划完成学业，对截止日期提前作出规划。D项（现在不是远离学业的时候）符合语境，且D项中的schoolwork既与小标题中的school assignments相呼应，又与空后一句中的schoolwork构成原词复现。
38.C　上文说明了你要想想未来想从事什么样的工作。你喜欢和很多人待在一起，还是更喜欢一个人？你喜欢忙碌的办公室工作，还是更喜欢户外工作？C项（一个好的职业选择是符合你的个性和兴趣的）符合语境。
39.F　上文指出：你可以通过尝试实习工作或见习机会，尽早开始职业探索，这些在职训练能让你亲自接触你感兴趣的领域。下文说明了你可以提出问题，了解他们面临的挑战，并学习他们的经验。F项（此外，你将有机会结识专业人士，他们从事的正是你想做的工作）符合语境。
40.B　下文主要说明了父母能为你的重要决定出谋划策，他们能帮助你更清楚地分析情况，在你解决问题时提供支持。B项（和父母谈谈你的未来计划）可作为本段小标题，且B项中的parents与下文中的parents构成原词复现。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨高二下月考）On a freezing cold day last winter， I rushed to the local market for a few items， deciding not to use a cart （推车）.As I approached the checkout area with my hands full， it was clear that the self-checkout tills （收银机） had momentarily stopped working.Three cashiers faced long lines， and chaos 　41　 with shoppers and carts full of groceries.
　　Like most， I surveyed the checkout lines， 　42　choosing what seemed the fastest.However， my choice turned out to be the slowest， and 　43　 spread through the line.A middle-aged man murmured， 　44　 a chain reaction of complaints about the slow pace.The negativity spread， with one person 　45　 they would never shop there again.
　　　46　 by the negativity， I turned my attention to the stressed cashier.The crowd’s displeasure didn’t 　47　 her work； instead， her stress increased， leading to mistakes and the need for a supervisor （主管）.As my turn approached， I 　48　 the cashier’s discomfort， trembling and sweating 　49　 the cold store.
　　In a（n） 　50　 tone， I said， “Some days are quite the adventure， aren’t they？” The cashier， relieved to see a（n）　51　 face， met my eyes and smiled.I encouraged her， saying impatience affected everyone， and I was in no rush.
　　The cashier thanked me for my patience， 　52　 she was a new employee still in training.We 　53　 a laugh， and at that moment， strangers became friends.
　　Leaving the store， I felt 　54　 for the experience， unlike the dissatisfied shoppers.It dawned on me that sometimes mistakes happen in our lives， but through understanding， we can mostly solve these problems， which requires 　55　 learning.We are all， and always will be， in training when it comes to this great quality.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在超市购物时，因顾客服务管理不到位，导致结账区混乱不堪，而作者却以理解和耐心的态度，安慰和鼓励了因工作压力而倍感紧张的新手收银员，最终使陌生人成为朋友。
41. A.distracted　　 B.prevented
C.extended　　 D.disturbed
解析：C　根据上文the self-checkout tills （收银机） had momentarily stopped working可知，购物者和满载着杂货的购物车排成长长的队伍，所以混乱也随着队列延伸。distract分心；prevent阻止；extend延伸；disturb打扰。
42. A.constantly　　 B.nobly
C.confidently　　 D.curiously
解析：C　根据下文However， my choice turned out to be the slowest可知，作者之前对自己的选择非常自信。constantly一直地；nobly高贵地；confidently自信地；curiously好奇地。
43. A.dissatisfaction　　B.information
C.awareness　　 D.news
解析：A　作者在最慢的队列里面，所以人们感到不满。dissatisfaction不满；information信息；awareness意识；news新闻。
44. A.setting off　　 B.merging into
C.dropping off　　 D.breaking into
解析：A　根据空后的a chain reaction of complaints about the slow pace可知，喃喃自语引发了一连串抱怨结账速度缓慢的反应。set off引发；merge into合并成为；drop off中途放下（某人）；break into破门而入。
45. A.begging　　 B.declaring
C.explaining　　 D.informing
解析：B　根据下文they would never shop there again可知，负面情绪传播扩散，引起更大的不满，甚至有人宣称不会再在那里购物了。beg祈求；declare宣称；explain解释；inform告知。
46. A.Surrounded　　 B.Managed
C.Controlled　　 D.Directed
解析：A　作者周围都是不满的顾客，他被负面情绪所包围。surround包围；manage管理；control控制；direct指导。
47. A.accomplish　　 B.conclude
C.quicken　　 D.perform
解析：C　根据下文instead， her stress increased， leading to mistakes and the need for a supervisor可知，人群的不满让她工作出错，并没有让她的工作速度变快。accomplish完成；conclude总结；quicken加快；perform表演。
48. A.suffered　　 B.sensed
C.expressed　　 D.experienced
解析：B　根据下文discomfort可知，这是作者感觉到的收银员的状态。suffer遭受；sense感觉；express表达；experience体验。
49.A.in spite of　　 B.on account of
C.in view of　　 D.in terms of
解析：A　空处前后词为转折关系，表示尽管。in spite of尽管；on account of由于；in view of考虑到；in terms of就……而言。
50. A.effortless　　 B.depressed
C.formal　　 D.easy-going
解析：D　根据下文The cashier， relieved可推知，作者是用很随和的语气和收银员交谈，让她放松了下来。effortless不费力的；depressed沮丧的；formal正式的；easy-going随和的。
51. A.confused　　 B.friendly
C.embarrassing　　 D.wrinkled
解析：B　根据下文met my eyes and smiled可知，收银员冲作者笑了，说明作者对她很友好。confused困惑的；friendly友好的；embarrassing令人尴尬的；wrinkled有皱纹的。
52. A.correcting　　 B.revealing
C.arguing　　 D.shouting
解析：B　根据下文she was a new employee still in training可知，收银员透露她是一名仍在培训中的新员工。correct纠正；reveal透露；argue争论；shout喊叫。
53. A.forced　　 B.earned
C.shared　　 D.heard
解析：C　根据下文at that moment， strangers became friends可知，陌生人成了朋友。由此可知，他们一起笑了。force迫使；earn赢得；share分享；hear听到。
54. A.wisdom　　 B.knowledge
C.judgment　　 D.appreciation
解析：D　根据下文unlike the dissatisfied shoppers可知，作者与其他抱怨的购物者不一样，他有收获，所以心存感激。wisdom智慧；knowledge知识；judgment判断；appreciation感激。
55. A.continuous　　 B.sudden
C.forbidden　　 D.serious
解析：A　根据下文We are all， and always will be， in training when it comes to this great quality.可知，需要不断的学习。continuous不断的；持续的；sudden突然的；forbidden禁止的；serious严肃的。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　My experience of teaching students was a wonderful adventure.I had to deal with various challenges again and again.
　　The 56.　　　　　　 （great） part of it was the relationship I developed with two students. One of the students was Michael， 57.　　　　　　 I met when I was working for a kindergarten. Before I became a morning bus assistant， I 58.　　　　　　 （hear） that Michael was a student who would always shout， stand up on the bus， make fun 59.　　　　　　 other students， and distract the bus driver. So I decided that each morning， when he got on 60.　　　　　　 bus， I’d have Michael sit beside me. At first he didn’t like this idea. But soon he settled down， 61.　　　　　　 （know） he had no choice. I began to talk to him about little things outside of school life， such as his weekend 62.　　　　　　 （activity） and things that he liked to do. I also listened 63.　　　　　　 （close） to him. As I gave Michael the attention that he needed， little by little， he began to behave better and better.
　　Another student I took a special interest in was a boy 64.　　　　　　 （name） Tony， a third grader. To some degree， Tony seemed to be a slow or passive learner. So I decided to see if I could find a way to encourage Tony 65.　　　　　　 （stay） at the task. Before long， he was paying more attention to his studies and scored high in all tests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名老师是如何纠正学生不懂礼貌、不守纪律等行为以及鼓励学习有困难的学生的故事。
56.greatest　考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及空前的The可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。
57.whom/who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Michael，并在从句中作宾语。
58.had heard　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，hear这一动作发生在became之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
59.of　考查介词。make fun of意为“取笑”，为固定用法。
60.the　考查冠词。get on the bus意为“上车”。
61.knowing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处know与he之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，作伴随状语，应用动词-ing形式。
62.activities　考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，根据空后的and things可知，此处与之并列，应用复数形式。
63.closely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词listened。
64.named　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，boy与name之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
65.to stay　考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　（2024·贵州贵阳一中高二下期中）你校英文报正在举办主题为The Importance of Goals的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.目标的重要性；
2.呼吁同学们树立目标。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
The Importance of Goals
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
The Importance of Goals
　　As a saying goes，“Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.” Obviously， goals play an essential role in our lives.
　　In the first place， goals guide us towards where we want to head， providing a way to our successful journey.In addition， people who are aware of their goals tend to stay motivated and inspired when faced with adversity.Last but not least， we are becoming physically and spiritually fulfilled when focusing on our goals.
　　Hence， if you still don’t have a goal， set an appropriate one and try to accomplish it.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·浙江三锋联盟高二下期中）Peter walked home from school.Salty tears ran down his cheeks， and his stomach hurt.He didn’t know what to do.Nokomis was waiting for him on the front porch.
　　“What’s wrong， Biyen？” said Peter’s grandmother.Biyen was the Ojibwe （齐佩瓦人） name for Peter.He called her Nokomis， which meant grandmother.
　　Peter looked up，“I have to give a presentation where I talk about a family tradition.I know we have lots of beliefs and customs.Can you remind me of one？”
　　Nokomis smiled and nodded with a smile.“Come with me，” she said softly.Peter followed Nokomis.She went to a closet， stretched to reach the top shelf and pulled out a small box.She handed it to Peter， asking him to open it.
　　Peter opened the box.Present before him was a wooden hoop （圈）.It was in the shape of a circle.String was woven and twisted around the hoop.It looked like a spider web.A black bead （珠子） sat near the center with feathers hanging from the bottom.Seeing it， Peter wiped away his tears and smiled.
　　“This is a dream catcher，” said Nokomis.“Our people have made these for many years.Circles are symbols of unity and strength.Let’s hang it over your bed tonight.It will catch your bad dreams in the web， and your good dreams will fall through the center.Maybe it will give you courage to do your presentation.” Looking at Nokomis， Peter asked whether he could take that to school.Nokomis refused because the dream catcher was extremely precious， which meant a lot to her.
　　Peter felt disappointed at her words because he wanted to share the dream catcher with his class.“We could make you one，” said Nokomis.“I’d like that！” cried Peter in excitement.Without delay， Nokomis and Peter worked together and they made a dream catcher.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　That night， as Peter looked at the dream catcher over his bed， he had an idea.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Thunders of applause exploded after Peter gave the presentation.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　That night， as Peter looked at the dream catcher over his bed， he had an idea.“Why not share the story of the dream catcher with my class on the presentation day？” Peter said to himself， his eyes sparkling with joy.Immediately， he started to prepare for it.And it took him quite some time before he got everything ready.Early the next morning， he arrived at the school and waited in excitement.Then came the moment， and with butterflies in his stomach， he made his way to the platform.A little nervous as he felt， his grandmother’s words seemed to echo inside his head and words just flooded out of his mouth.“Today， I’m going to give a presentation on dream catchers.It is a fantastic tradition for our Ojibwe to make these， which are the symbols of courage， unity and strength ...”
　　Thunders of applause exploded after Peter gave the presentation.The moment Peter stepped off the platform， he was surrounded by his classmates.Curious to know more about the dream catcher， they insisted that Peter make one in front of them.Brimming with confidence， Peter took out all the materials that he had prepared the night before.He explained every step carefully as he showed them how to weave and twist string around the hoop.A few minutes later， a beautiful handmade dream catcher appeared like magic.After school， he could hardly wait to get home to share with his grandmother that it was the dream catcher that gave him courage and strength to do the fantastic presentation.
17 / 17单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1.　pose　 v.　　（使）摆好姿势
2.　grocery　 n.　　食品杂货店
3.　celebrity　 n.　　名人，明星
4.　trial　 n.　　试验
5.　hydrogen　 n.　　氢
6.　precious　 adj.　　珍稀的；贵重的
7.　antique　 n.　　古董，古玩，古物
8.　polish　 v.　　擦亮，擦光
9.　bark　 v.　　（狗）吠叫
10.　essay　 n.　　短文，论说文
11.　comprise　 v.　　包括，由……构成
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The organization， 　comprised　 of many dedicated individuals， has achieved remarkable success.
2.He wrote an 　essay　 that described his adventures in a foreign land， and it received high praise.
3.Addicted to playing computer games， they waste a lot of 　precious　 time.
4.The celebrities 　posed　 for a group photograph before the hall gate.
5.You can have the equipment on a 　trial　 basis， and if you don’t like it you can give it back.
6.This 　antique　， dating back to 2，000 years ago， is preserved well in the Palace Museum.
二、拓展单词
1.　fashion　 n.时尚→fashionable adj.流行的，时兴的
2.　fascination　 n.着迷，迷恋→fascinate v.深深吸引；迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的；极感兴趣的→fascinating adj.迷人的
3.　uncomplicated　 adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→complicated adj.复杂的
4.　restoration　 n.（旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修→restore v.恢复，使复原
5.　maximum　 n.最大量，最大值→maximize v.最大化
6.　preserve　 v.维护，保护；保存→preservation n.保护，维护；保存
7.　modest　 adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n.谦虚，谦逊
8.　dominate　 v.支配，控制，主宰→domination n.控制；统治→ dominant adj.占支配地位的
9.　architecture　 n.建筑风格，建筑设计→architect n.建筑师→architectural adj.建筑学的，建筑方面的
10.　ambitious　 adj.宏大的，艰巨的→ambition n.雄心，志向，抱负→ambitiously adv.有抱负地，雄心壮志地
11.　associate　 v.与……有关→association n.联系，关联→associated adj.有联系的，有关联的
12.　analysis　 n.分析→analyse v.分析
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.They believe a fundamental change in the 　association　 （associate） is the key to all other necessary changes.
2.The old building is in a good state of 　preservation　 （preserve） except for the wooden floors.
3.To achieve our 　ambitious　 （ambition） goal， we should make full use of our collective wisdom.
4.Convinced of the accuracy of the 　analysis　 （analyse）， they decided to stick to their plan.
5.The museum has a 　fascinating　 （fascinate） collection of exhibits ranging from Iron Age pottery to Inuit clothing.
6.She always dresses in a 　fashionable　 （fashion） way that makes her stand out in the crowd.
7.The new technology has become the 　dominant　 （dominate） force in the industry.
三、重点短语
1.　belong to　 　 　　属于
2.　devotion to　 　　对……挚爱/忠诚/奉献
3.　take off　 　　休假，休息；脱掉（衣服）
4.　rather than　 　　而不是
5.　lack of　 　　缺少，缺乏
6.　focus on　 　　关注
7.　pass away　 　　去世
8.　day in， day out　 　　夜以继日，日复一日
9.　originate from　 　　起源于，发源于
10.　range from ...to　 　　从……到……变化
11.　bring ...back to life　 　　使……复活，使……恢复生机
12.　neither ...nor　 　　既不……也不……
13.　pass on ...to　 　　将……传给，递给
14.　take on　 　　承担；雇用
15.　take up　 　　从事
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.He has such a strong 　devotion to　 his work that he often sacrifices his personal time.
2.The father 　took off　 his coat as an umbrella to protect his daughter from the rain.
3.It is said that Bian Que was as effective as God， 　bringing　 the dying 　back to life　.
4.Having read the book， she will be able to 　pass on　 the acquired knowledge 　to　 trainee teachers.
5.All carbohydrates 　originate from　 plants， which is a common sense.
6.You will break down if you 　take on　 more work than you can.
四、经典句式
1.if引导的虚拟条件句
　If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known　 （要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道） that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
2.完全倒装句
　Among these is the clock restoration master　 （这其中便包括钟表修复大师），Wang Jin.
3.neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， 　it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor　 （这既不是夸张，也不是比喻）.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.If his experiences then 　had been recorded　， it 　would undoubtedly have made　 a moving book.
如果当时他的经历被记录下来，无疑会成为一本感人的书。
2.Among these people 　was his friend Jim　 at that time.
当时他的朋友吉姆就在这群人当中。
3.　Neither the students nor the teacher knows　 the reason why she doesn’t turn up.
学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、人生信念
1.fashionable adj.　　时尚的
2.simple adj.　　简单的
3.uncomplicated adj.　　不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
4.special adj.　　特别的，特殊的
5.integrity n.　　正直；诚实
6.freedom n.　　自由
7.promotion n.　　提升，晋升
8.enable v.　　使能够
9.capture v.　　捕捉
10.passion n.　　激情，热情
11.high society　　上流社会
12.big brands　　大品牌
13.regardless of　　不管，不顾
14.take off　　请假
15.not once　　从未，从来没有
16.approach to　　做……的方法（或途径）
17.rather than　　而不是
18.lack of　　缺少，缺乏
19.self-interest　　自身利益
二、工匠精神
1.fascination n.　　着迷，迷恋
2.dedication n.　　奉献，献身
3.devotion n.　　忠诚，奉献
4.preserve v.　　维护，保护；保存
5.founder n.　　发起人，创建者
6.whole-heartedly adv.　　全心全意地
7.endure v.　　忍受
8.refuse v.　　拒绝
9.back down　　退让；认输
10.responsibility n.　　责任
11.perseverance n.　　毅力
12.put ...into ...　　把……投入……
13.devote to　　献身于
14.focus on/upon　　致力于，专注于
15.extreme conditions　　恶劣的条件
16.keep on　　坚持
17.conduct scientific research　　进行科学研究
18.think outside the box　　不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考
19.seek no fame　　不求名利
20.shun the spotlight　　避开聚光灯
21.with great resolution　　下很大的决心
22.overcome harsh conditions 　　克服艰苦的环境
三、人生意义
1.spread n.　　传播
2.celebrated adj.　　著名的，闻名的
3.start n.　　开端
4.award v.　　授予，奖励
5.extraordinary adj.　　非凡的，特别的
6.contribution n.　　贡献
7.breakthrough n.　　突破
8.remarkable adj.　　非凡的；卓越的
9.achievement n.　　成就
10.respected adj.　　备受尊重的
11.accomplish v.　　完成
12.highly adv.　　高度地
13.fast-track v.　　加快……的进程
14.prosperous adj.　　富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的
15.more than　　不仅仅
16.contribute to　　有助于；促成；导致；捐献
17.of all time　　有史以来
18.break new ground　　开辟新的领域
19.lead to　　引起，导致
20.play a key role in　　在……中扮演重要角色
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