资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Get to know about whales and other sea animals
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.be wild about whales热爱鲸鱼
2.a whale profile一份鲸鱼简介
3.different species of whales不同种类的鲸鱼
4.sea animals海洋动物
5.many factors许多因素
6.climate change气候变化
7.life cycle生命周期
8.complex sounds复杂的声音
9.tell them apart区分它们
10.track their movements追踪他们的行动
11.plot their migration path绘制它们的迁徙路径
12.create a database创建一个数据库
13.be added to ... 被添加到……
14.whale research groups鲸鱼研究小组
15.share the information共享信息
16.shark attacks鲨鱼袭击
17.terrible injuries可怕的伤害
18.on purpose故意
19.shark populations鲨鱼的数量
20.the endangered species濒危物种
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
　　听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1.What does Lori Kool do？（　　）
A.A director.　B.A singer.　C.An actor.
2.What did the woman have？（　　）
A.A big living room. B.A new stereo system. C.A large collection of CDs.
听第2段材料，回答第3、4题。
3.Where are the speaker talking now？（　　）
A.Outside a zoo.
B.On a hill.
C.In a forest.
4.What live with the pandas in the woods？（　　）
A.Monkeys. B.Tigers. C.Birds.
听第3段材料，回答第5至7题。
5.What is the woman？（　　）
A.A teacher.
B.A student.
C.A professor.
6.Why did the woman feel embarrassed last week？（　　）
A.She was late for the cookout.
B.She went to the wrong place.
C.She arrived there too early.
7.How long did the woman wait until the cookout started？（　　）
A.Two hours.
B.Three hours.
C.Four hours.
听第4段材料，回答第8至11题。
A.And it would need to be protected from the UV radiation.
B.What is your personal opinion on the life on Mars theory？
C.Does it say water could still exist under the surface of Mars？
D.Not at all.
E.Does NASA have any type of portable habitats that could be used to stay on the planet？
8.What day is it today？（　　）
A.Thursday. B.Saturday. C.Monday.
9.What are they going to watch probably？（　　）
A.A cartoon. B.An action movie. C.A horror movie.
10.When will they go to watch the movie？（　　）
A.On Saturday afternoon.
B.On Sunday morning.
C.On Sunday afternoon.
11.What time will they get to the cinema？（　　）
A.At 6：30. B.At 3：30. C.At 3：00.
　　　　　　　　　　　　
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　下面对话两人谈论了关于火星的报道和对火星的探索。
　　阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
M：I’m reading an interesting report on Mars.
W：Oh， what does it say？　1　
M：Absolutely！It says there is water on Mars buried beneath the surface.It’s just a matter of how deep it is.
W：Then could the soil on Mars somehow be fertile enough to grow simple plants？
M：The soil would need quite a bit of fertilizer to grow anything.　2　
W：Actually， we are doing a project in school that involves landing ship and staying on Mars for an extended period of time.　3　
M：I’m not sure whether NASA has built any portable habitats for extended stays on Mars， but they have looked at various designs.
W：One of the most exciting things about Mars is that there could have been life on it.　4　
M：Well， I’m not really an expert in this area， but my understanding is that anything is possible.
W：Thank you for sharing me with your opinion.
M：　5　
　　下面对话两人谈论了当一名海洋探索者的梦想和成为海洋探索者的要求。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：What would you like to do in the future？
M：1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我想当一名海洋探索者）.
W：Why？
M：I admired Tang Shifeng， a famous marine scientist in China， when I was a boy.And I have had a dream 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （成为像他那样的科学家）.
W：I see.But do you know 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （成为海洋探索者的要求）？
M：Yes.Education background， experience， health conditions and so on are all included.
W：What are you going to do now？
M：I must study hard 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （获得相关的大学学位）.
W：Wish your dream will come true！
M：Thank you.
Part Ⅱ　Express your opinions on sea exploration
1.What’s the first author’s attitude towards sea exploration？（　　）
A.Indifferent. B.Supportive.
C.Opposed. D.Doubtful.
2.What does the second paragraph in Text 1 mainly focus on？（　　）
A.The solutions of sea exploration.
B.The cause of sea exploration.
C.The effect of plastic pollution.
D.The problems of sea exploration.
3.How does the first author support his idea？（　　）
A.By listing facts.
B.By giving examples.
C.By asking questions.
D.By making comparisons.
4.What makes it necessary for us to explore the sea？（　　）
A.The development of technology.
B.The rising number of population.
C.The valuable minerals under the sea.
D.The damage caused by earthquakes.
Step 1　品教材课文 Step 2　析写作手法
Text 1 When people talk of exploring the sea more， they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish， and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is very damaging， especially in the Arctic.Because of climate change， there is less ice now， which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north.But if we burn these， the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue.Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. Overfishing is another problem.Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research.Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.It is huge， but it is more sensitive than we think.If we do not protect it， future generations will not forgive us. Text 2 To truly understand our planet， we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.For example，scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.Therefore， more research is necessary. 　　Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.It may help us discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development.There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. Of course， there are still environmental risks.However， these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance. 学语言： Text 1： 第二段最后一句中使用了动词-ing短语作结果状语（killing many birds and fish）；第三段使用了非限制性定语从句（which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north）。 Text 2： 第一段使用了动词不定式短语作目的状语（To truly understand our planet）和so that引导的目的状语从句；第三段使用了not just ...but （also） ...句式；最后一段使用了as引导的时间状语从句（as technology improves），这些高级句式和语法的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 学结构： Text 1： 本文指出：海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害，弊大于利。第一段开门见山地指出海洋探索往往意味着对海洋的过度开发，导致许多问题。第二至第四段分别阐述海洋开发带来的问题，包括海洋污染、气候变化、过度捕捞等。第五段作者总结全文，发出呼吁：海洋是生命的家园，保护海洋迫在眉睫。 Text 2： 　　本文第一句话阐明观点：要更好地了解我们的星球，就必须探索占据地球绝大部分面积的海洋。紧接着，作者就反对者的担忧提出第一个分论点，即为了更好地理解和解决气候变化等全球问题，我们需要进行海洋探索活动。第二段是第二个分论点，指出海洋探索有利于人类更好地利用资源。第三段是第三个分论点，指出海洋探索事关未来的人类生存。第四、五两段作者再次回应反对意见，指出在环保与发展之间需要寻求平衡，并相信随着技术进步，人类将更有能力取得这种平衡。
【参考译文】
文本一
人们在谈论扩大海洋探索的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋探索已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。
扩大探索意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。
过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
文本二
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。
世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。
当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。
随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
第一段：点明辩论的主题
1.When it comes to ocean exploration， people hold different opinions.
当谈到海洋探索时，人们持有不同的观点。
2.The opinion on whether to further explore the ocean varies from person to person.
关于是否进一步探索海洋的观点因人而异。
3.Our class had a heated discussion about the phenomenon.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.我们班对这种现象进行了热烈讨论，主要有两种观点。
第二段：用简洁的语言陈述双方的观点，然后再分条陈述理由
1.Some people hold the view that ocean exploration may do damage to some marine life.
一些人认为海洋探索可能会对一些海洋生物造成伤害。
2.Some people support/are in favour of ocean exploration because rich resources in the ocean may help solve the problem of energy shortages.
一些人支持海洋探索，因为丰富的海洋资源可以帮助解决能源短缺的问题。
3.A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients.
大多数人赞成这个观点，因为鱼可以给我们提供丰富的营养。
4.Through ocean exploration， we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes.
通过海洋探索，我们可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解环境变化的原因。
5.Information from ocean exploration is very important， which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.来自海洋探索的信息很重要，它有助于我们预测地震和海啸。
6.However， some people hold a different opinion.They think that human’s overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep-sea ecosystem.
然而，一些人持有不同的观点。 他们认为人类的过度捕捞不仅会造成污染，还会破坏深海生态系统。
第三段：表达自己的观点
1.Personally speaking， there are some good and bad effects caused by ocean exploration.
就我个人而言，海洋探索既有好的影响也有坏的影响。
2.As far as I’m concerned， moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy.
依我看来，适度的海洋探索是值得投资的，因为它可以激励人类去发现新能源。
　　假定你是李华，最近你们班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，给某英文报社的编辑写一封信来报道此事。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
获取更多的 海洋资源 造成海洋污染，最终导致海洋生物死亡；破坏生态系统 ……
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.海洋探索使人们有可能发现新药物。（it作形式宾语）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.海洋探索也使人们有可能发现新的食物和能源的来源。 （source）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.海洋探索可能会导致海洋污染。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.海洋污染最终导致海洋生物死亡。（lead）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.科技进步了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.我们可能有更多的选择来达到这种平衡。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
8.用并列连词as well as合并句1和句2。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
9.用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10.用主从复合句合并句6和句7。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
【教材原句】　Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
【用法】
（1）　对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地
at the mercy of ... 任由……摆布
（2）merciful adj.　仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的
merciless adj. 残忍的；毫不怜悯的；无情的
【佳句】　She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.
她是一个善良的女人，经常怜悯困境中的人们。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He is generous and 　　　　　　（mercy） to those who are weaker than himself.
②To have mercy 　　　　　　someone is at the heart of human kindness.
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　， I decided to see if the bird had a chance to survive. （读后续写之心理描写）
怀着怜悯和爱心，我决定看看这只鸟是否有机会活下来。
possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制
【教材原句】　The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
【用法】
（1）in possession of 　具有；拥有
in the possession of 被……拥有；归……所有
take possession of 占有；拥有
（2）possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配；控制
【佳句】　The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
持有护照是出国旅行所必需的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①People lost their homes and all their 　　　　（possess） in the war.
②When can I take possession 　　　　　　a car of my own？
【写美】　一句多译
③他拥有这套房子。
→He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→The house is 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
arrest n.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引（注意）
【教材原句】　A 5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.
已宣布悬赏500万美元以获取缉拿谋杀犯的线索。
【用法】
（1）arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
arrest sb for （doing） sth
　　　　　 　　　因（做）某事而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
（2）make an arrest 进行拘捕
【佳句】　I found myself on the point of giving up.But one day a TV program arrested my attention.
我发现自己快要放弃了。但有一天，一档电视节目引起了我的注意。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①During the strike，a great many young people got 　　　　　　（arrest） and they are still under arrest.
②The young man was arrested 　　　　　　having stolen his neighbour’s computer.
【写美】　完成句子
③It was a policeman 　　　　　　　　　　and put him into prison for destroying the shop window. （读后续写之动作描写）
一个警察来逮捕了他，并以破坏商店橱窗的罪名把他关进了监狱。
重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】　Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance.随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
【用法】
as作连词的主要用法如下：
（1）意为“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句；
（2）意为“当……的时候；一面……一面……；随着……”，引导时间状语从句；
（3）意为“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句；
（4）意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
【品悟】　As Teachers’ Day was approaching， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①　　　　　　　　　　， she gathered up her courage to step onto the stage.
尽管她很紧张，她还是鼓起勇气走上舞台。
②The twins were filled with excitement 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　they were planning for Mother’s Day.
想到为母亲节准备的惊喜，这对双胞胎充满了兴奋。
③随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
→　　　　　　　　　　， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.（with）
→　　　　　　　　　　， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.（as）
句型公式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】　The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.
儿子如此爱他的父母，以至于他答应不去游泳。
【用法】
（1）so＋
（2）such＋
【品悟】　The twins loved their mother so much that they decided to give her a Mother’s Day surprise.这对双胞胎是如此爱他们的妈妈，他们决定给她一个母亲节惊喜。
【点津】　当“so/such＋形容词/副词”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①There were 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we felt as if we were bathed in the ocean of flowers.
花园里有如此多的花，以至于我们感觉好像沐浴在花的海洋里。
②Seeing the delicious breakfast，the mother was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
看着美味的早餐，妈妈是如此感动，愉快的泪水从她的脸颊流下来。
③Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that lots of tourists visit the city every year.（倒装句）
→Dalian is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that lots of tourists visit the city every year.（so ...that ...）
情感描写之“宽慰”和“温暖”
形容词/名词 warm， warmth， relief， relieved
动词 warm， relieve
固定短语 ①to one’s relief使某人宽慰的是 ②a mixture of warmth and relief既温暖又宽慰 ③breathe a sigh of relief/sigh with relief松了口气 ④feel a surge of relief如释重负
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.大雨倾盆，猛烈地打在我的脸上。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.我筋疲力尽，冻得发抖，祈祷有人能载我一程。
Exhausted and 　　　　　　　　　　　， I prayed that someone would give me a ride.
3.一辆车开过来停了下来。当司机示意我上车时，我松了一口气。
A car approached and stopped.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as the driver signaled me to get in the car.
4.当我坐进车里，一股轻松和温暖的感觉席卷了我全身，我感到感激的泪水和雨水混在一起顺着脸颊默默地落下来。
When I got in the car， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my cheeks， mixing with the rain.
5.司机的善良不仅温暖了我的心，也提醒我要把爱心传递下去。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅲ
12 / 12UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
With every drop of water you drink， every breath you take， you’re connected to the sea.No matter where on the earth you live.　—Sylvia Earle 不管你住在地球的哪个地方，你喝下的每一滴水，呼吸的每一口空气，都与大海紧密相连。　 ——西尔维娅·厄尔 There is one spectacle grander than the sea， that is the sky； there is one spectacle grander than the sky， that is the interior of the soul.　—Victor Hugo 有一种景象比大海更壮观，那就是天空； 有一种景象比天空更壮观，那就是人的灵魂深处。　 ——维克多·雨果
The ocean stirs the heart， inspires the imagination and brings eternal joy to the soul. 　—Robert Wylan 海洋震撼内心，激发想象力，给灵魂带来永恒的快乐。 　——罗伯特·怀兰 We have salt in our blood， in our sweat， in our tears.We are tied to the ocean. 　—John Kennedy 我们的血液、汗水和泪水中都含有盐分。我们与海洋紧密相连。 　——约翰·肯尼迪
1 / 2Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.[1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo’s tales② inspired European explorers to③ search for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants④ and explorers from the East set sail⑤ from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to⑥ India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑦ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑧ Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）.[2]Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑨ trade deals，which also led to more awareness⑩ of each other’s cultures.Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
　　[1]动词不定式短语To complete the great map of the world作主语。
　　[2]which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold，silk，and spices .[3]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.[4]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative .[5]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
　　[3]Although引导让步状语从句。
　　[4]过去分词短语travelled by Zheng He作后置定语，修饰routes。
　　[5]动词不定式短语to encourage cooperation and trade作表语。
　　China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore.[6]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.From a scientific point of view ， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[7]Hundreds of years on ， and with the latest technology in hand ， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
　　[6]动词不定式短语to explore the Arctic作目的状语。
[7]with the latest technology in hand是“with＋名词＋介词短语”的复合结构。
【读文清障】
①curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
②tale n.故事；叙述
③inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
④merchant n.商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
⑤set sail起航；开航
⑥find one’s way to ...
找到正确的路（去某处）
⑦extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
⑧centre around 以……为中心
⑨negotiate vt.商定；达成（协商） vi.谈判；磋商；协商
⑩awareness n.知道；认识；意识；兴趣
fleet n.舰队；机群；车队
behold vt.看；看见
a sight to behold壮观的景象
league n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛
in a league of one’s own独领风骚
royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
in return for 作为对……的回报
spice n.（调味）香料
withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离
withdraw from退出；撤回
channel n.航道；海峡；频道
revisit vt.重提；重游；再访；再次讨论
maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的
initiative n.倡议；新方案
bond n.纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
for the benefit of为了……的利益
from a ...point of view从一个……的角度来看
hundreds of years on数百年后
in hand 在手头；可供使用
enhance vt.提高；加强；增进
【参考译文】
跨海越洋
　　贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋，开展贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从南中国海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1　A.The sea exploration in ancient China.
Part 2 B.The sea exploration in the future.
Part 3 C.The reasons to explore other places.
Part 4 D.The sea exploration in today’s China.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
It’s about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Who was （were） the earliest explorer（s） of the Western Ocean？（　　）
A.Marco Polo. B.Christopher Columbus.
C.European explorers. D.Brave merchants.
2.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes to China in order to 　　　　.（　　）
A.make money B.stop the war
C.show their friendship D.award the ambassador
3.In Du Huan’s book Record of My Travels， you can learn about 　　　　.（　　）
A.Marco Polo
B.many foreign countries
C.Christopher Columbus
D.ways to make silk
4.What can we infer from the text？（　　）
A.Columbus’ exploration was stopped for economic reasons.
B.No accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed before Zheng He.
C.China will have more expeditions across the sea far into the future.
D.The giraffe was an animal that could not be found in China in the Ming Dynasty.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the route of the Silk Road.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the route of Zheng He’s voyages.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.How did Marco Polo change the world？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What do you know about the Belt and Road Initiative？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Why should we explore the ocean？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
句式分析 该句是一个主系表结构的简单句。To complete the great map of the world为　　　　　　　　　作主语。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
句式分析 该句为主从复合句。主干部分是silk from China found its way，为主谓宾结构；what 引导　　　从句，作介词along的　　　。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
句式分析 该句为复合句。　　　　　　引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
【教材原句】　A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）.
以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
【用法】
（1）extend ...to　　　　延长到
extend ...by 延长了
extend sth to sb 向某人提供/给予某物
（2）extension n. 延长；扩大
【佳句】　I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers， parents and families， who have done so much for us over the years. （感谢信）
我要向所有的老师、父母和家人表示感谢，这些年来为我们付出了很多。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①In addition， the Yangtze River， 　　　　　（extend） as long as about 6，300 kilometers， can provide different kinds of splendid landscapes for visitors.
【写美】　完成句子
②Even if he is in trouble，he will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.So I would like to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
negotiate vt.商定；达成（协议） vi.谈判；磋商；协商
【教材原句】　Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
【用法】
（1）negotiate with sb for/about sth
＝negotiate sth with sb与某人商议/谈判某事
negotiate an agreement/a contract 商定一份协议/合同
（2）negotiation n. 谈判
negotiator n. 谈判者
【佳句】　Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn to how negotiate and cooperate with fellow students.
参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与同学进行协商与合作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The two sides have yet to show their willingness 　　　　　　　　　（negotiate）.
②（2022·全国甲卷）Nowadays countries all over the world have entered into 　　　　　（negotiate） with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
【写美】　完成句子
③Why don’t you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and solve this issue once and for all？
您为什么不直接与他进行协商，一劳永逸地解决这个问题？
withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离；从银行账户等提（款）；取（钱）
【教材原句】　Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
【用法】
withdraw sb/sth （from sth）收回/取回/撤回某人/某物
从市场撤回某物
【佳句】　①She withdrew all her savings and left the country.
她把全部存款取出后离开了那个国家。
②I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.
我要求你必须立刻收回那些过头的话。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A knee injury forced her 　　　　　　（withdraw） from the competition.
【写美】　完成句子
②Ellen was a painter of birds and nature，who， for some reason， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　contemporary society.
艾伦是一个画鸟和大自然的画家，由于某种原因，她从当下的社会中隐退了。
in hand在手头；可供使用
【教材原句】　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
【用法】
at hand　　　在手边；在附近
at first hand 第一手；亲自
by hand 用手工
hand in hand 手拉手
【佳句】　Having enough data in hand， the merchant began to exploit the market as scheduled.
手头有了足够的数据，这个商人开始按计划开拓市场。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To make it easier to get in touch with us， you’d better keep this card 　　　　　hand.
【写美】　完成句子
②As the old saying goes，“Success and failure always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　”.
俗话说：“成功与失败如影随形。”
③The washing machine was broken， so 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
洗衣机坏了，所以我们不得不用手洗衣服。
重点句型解构
句型公式：what引导的宾语从句
【教材原句】　In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
【用法】
（1）what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。
（2）what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的事物”。
【品悟】　A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted， but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.
来自陌生人的一碗面条让我觉得很感激，但我从来没有感谢过妈妈为我所做的一切。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①What we can’t get 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
②Choosing the right dictionary depends on 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
选择合适的词典取决于你想用它做什么。
③A tall building arose in a place which was wasteland.
→A tall building arose in 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（what引导的宾语从句）
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
【用法】
with复合结构在句中作状语，主要构成如下：
with＋名词＋
【品悟】　①On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心里七上八下。
②With house/housing prices going up so fast， we can’t afford one at all.
由于房价上涨如此之快，我们根本买不起房子。
【写美】　完成句子
①Soon the tea room became lively 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
很快，茶室变得热闹起来，每个国际学生都试着自己泡茶。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she had to go home on foot.
由于自行车被盗，她不得不步行回家。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　， John felt very lonely.
由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到非常孤独。
④The murderer was brought in， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
凶手被带了进来，双手被反绑在背后。
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅰ
8 / 8单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、核心单词
1.　　　　　　 n.故事；叙述
2.　　　　　　 vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
3.　　　　　　 n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛
4.　　　　　　 adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
5.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离
6.　　　　　　 n.航道；海峡；频道
7.　　　　　　 n.纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
8.　　　　　　 n.锦标赛；联赛
9.　　　　　　 n.笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
10.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.鼓掌
vt.称赞；赞赏
11.　　　　　　 vt.对……征税；使纳税
n.税；税款
12.　　　　　　 n.名录；电话号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录
13.　　　　　　 adv.与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下
14.　　　　　　 n.反对者；对手；竞争者
15.　　　　　　 vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n.正式记录；日志；原木
16.　　　　　　 n.逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
Ⅰ.选用左栏单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The experience created a very special 　　　　　　between us.
2.When the audience heard the exciting words， they all stood up and 　　　　　　　　　　.
3.The incomes of skilled workers went up.　　　　　　，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
4.Norris twice knocked down his 　　　in the early rounds of the fight.
5.Police 　　　　　　five young men in connection with one of the attacks.
6.Did you watch the 7 o’clock program on 　　　　　　2 yesterday evening？
7.The company plans to 　　　　　　its operations into Europe.
8.The injury has forced him to 　　　　from the competition.
9.I love listening to his 　　　　　　　of life at sea.
10.Cigarettes are heavily 　　　　　　in Britain， which has caused lots of complaints from tobacco merchants.
二、拓展词汇
1.　　　　　　 vt.商定；达成（协议） vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商
2.　　　　　　 n.政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政府的；政权的；政党的；党派的
3.　　　　　　 n.职业；行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.专业人员；职业运动员
4.　　　　　　 n.混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.& vi.（使）混合，掺和，融合
5.　　　　　　 n.新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.遮盖；包含；涉及；行走（一段路程）；报道
6.　　　　　　 n.迁移；迁徙；移居→migrate vt.& vi.迁移；迁徙；移居；（使）转移
7.　　　　　　 vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n.谋杀；凶杀→murderer n.杀人犯；杀人凶手
8.　　　　　　 n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.宽容的；仁慈的；慈悲的
9.　　　　　　 n.个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.具有；拥有；支配；控制
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.As is known to all， Li Ping is 　　　　　and she often shows 　　　　　　to the poor.（mercy）
2.Staff are encouraged to use the library for 　　　　　　（profession） self-development.
3.Each student dipped a finger into the 　　　　　　　　　（mix）， sucked it and made a face.
4.He was accused as a 　　　　　　（murder） but released innocently.
5.Though dressed poorly， the old man is in 　　　　　　（possess） of a large company.
6.Warren said，“We have had meaningful 　　　　　　（negotiate） and I believe we are very close to a deal.”
7.I must review all my subjects this week， which include Chinese， English， 　　　　（political）， history， and so on.
三、重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　　形成……的基础
2.　　　　　　　 起航；开航
3.　　　　　　　 找到正确的路
4.　　　　　　　 壮观的景象
5.　　　　　　　 独领风骚
6.　　　　　　　 在……的领导下
7.　　　　　　　 作为对……的回报
8.　　　　　　　 退出；撤回
9.　　　　　　　 为了……的利益
10.　　　　　　　 在手头；可供使用
11.　　　　　　　 给……照相
12.　　　　　　　 是……的家园
13.　　　　　　　 采取行动
14.　　　　　　　 和；也
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and 　　　　　for an unknown future.
2.With the limited natural resources， we should 　　　　　　to preserve them from being wasted.
3.As you know， 　　　　　　　　tasty dumplings， what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
4.Shangri-la is really a wonder of nature， which 　　　　　many kinds of rare birds and animals.
5.　　　　　　　　 more people， we should build more railways.
6.Those men had to work strictly 　　　　　　　their leader.
四、经典句式
1.what引导的宾语从句
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”）.
2.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on， and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（由于拥有了最新技术）， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
3.as引导时间状语从句
Hopefully， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（随着技术的进步）， we may have more options for managing this balance.
4.so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
The son 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（如此爱他的父母，以至于） he promised not to swim.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.We all consider 　　　　　　　　to be unbelievable， for you’re always lying to us.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的，因为你总是对我们撒谎。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　， I had to put off the meeting.
有太多的工作要做，我不得不推迟这次会议。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， some species are dying out.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些物种正在灭绝。
4.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　he fell asleep as soon as he reached home.
他太累了，一到家就睡着了。
3 / 3学习讲义部分
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）robot　（2）process　（3）result
2.how a robot used for housework is tested out in a family
第二步
1－4　BCAA
第三步
1.（1）He seemed more like a human than a machine.
（2）He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， although his facial expression never changed.
2.（1）Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip ...
（2）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot ...
（3）How awful to be discovered by her， Claire thought.
3.（1）She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
（2）As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed， pushed him away，and ran to her room.
（3）At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers.
第四步
1.No，I don’t think that a person would love a robot.Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.
2.It seems to me that we humans will live in harmony with robots. Robots will always be our servants and make our lives better.
第五步
1.时间状语　宾语　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。
2.转折　宾语　Claire thought　克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
3.主句　宾语　Larry　克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①试验　②考验　③won’t be tested on　④tested the whole class on　⑤put all his training to the test
2.①It　②ridiculously　③It’s ridiculous that some children talk back to　④to think that sleeping with a hat on
3.①with　②will you have human dignity
4.①appointment　②appointed
③Learning that you are appointed as/to be
5.①of　②guilty　③Out of guilt
6.①for　②from　③had to dismiss the team early
④dismissed the class early
7.①against　②on　③to be
④declared that it was the best chocolate cake
重点句型解构
1.①was more diligent than clever
②more than willing to help us； more than our teacher
2.①It is obvious that　②It occurred to the twins that
3.①there stood a group of nurses
②Here are some suggestions on how to create
③Under a big tree sat disappointed David
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
　过去将来时　过去进行时　一般过去时
即时演练1
①was invited　②is considered　③is being destroyed
④have been honoured　⑤is being repaired
即时演练2
①A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.
②A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.
I was given a present the other day by my uncle.
③I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.
④I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.
即时演练3
①sell　②doesn’t cut　③taking/to be taken
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①on/upon　②of　③Based
④（should） base grouping on students’ exam grades
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Voice your opinions on robots and AI
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　CBAAB　6－10　BCCCA　11－15　BACBC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：There never seems to be enough of me to go around.I wish there could be another me.
W：What are you saying？
M：I read an article.It said scientists created a clone sheep.I had a dream last night about someone cloning me.And I could do so many things.One of me went to work.The other stayed at home to clean the house and even cook dinner.
W：It is strange to see you cooking dinner.
M：Very funny！ But back to the science topic， it is amazing to see science advance so rapidly.
W：Now， they are studying how to copy human DNA.We may see two of you.
M：You are right.But realistically， I like having only one of me.We already have a problem with overpopulation.I don’t think we need to have two of everybody.
W：I must say， it all sounds interesting.I can’t imagine what they will think of next.
（Text 2）
M：Hello.Is that Cathy？
W：Yes， speaking.
M：There is a really good film on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening？
W：No.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m going to take part in a meeting at Peking University on Friday.
M：What a pity！ How long will the meeting last？
W：It depends.I’d love to see a science fiction film.
M：I know you like it.Both of us like science fiction films since childhood.
W：I can never forget the first science fiction film we watched together.
M：Yes， Star Wars！ It was so exciting！ We could not fall asleep after the film although it lasted 2 hours until 11 o’clock. Well， what about Saturday then？
W：That would be great.What time does it start？
M：At 7：00 p.m.Would you like to go for a drink first？
W：Yes， fine.Is six o’clock OK？ We can meet outside the cinema.
M：OK.
（Text 3）
W：Hi， John！ Where have you been？
M：I’ve just been to a football game.It was really exciting.It finished at 8：00 p.m.
W：Oh， do you always go on Saturdays？
M：Not really.The game usually starts at 6：00 p.m.When I finished work this afternoon， it was only 5 o’clock.So I thought I’d go and watch a game.
W：Oh， you must have had a great time.Do you still go swimming on Fridays？
M：No， I’ve changed to the day before Friday because there aren’t so many people then.
W：By the way， I didn’t see you at the park last Sunday afternoon.
M：Last Sunday？ Yeah.I was staying with Liz.We always try to go for a long walk once a week， and Sunday is the only day when we’re both free.
W：What did you do after that？
M：We went dancing in the evening and had a great time.What about you？
W：I had a date with some of my friends.What do you do on Tuesdays？
M：Most Tuesdays I have to work late at the office， so there isn’t much time for anything afterwards.
W：Boy， you surely have a full week.
（Text 4）
M：Future homes will have some really smart cooking tools.Microwave ovens and refrigerators will probably be combined， so that meals can be ready upon one’s arrival home.
Future homes may also have refrigerators that can suggest menus based upon the food you have at home.In the home of the future， the refrigerator will probably also be able to take note of all food supplies in the home and inform you when you’re running out， or even be programmed to contact the local supermarket to drop off the needed food supplies.
Future homes will also be very energy-saving.Microsoft， Google and others are now working on applications to help you see and track which tools use the most electricity， helping you save electricity and thus your daily expenses.
There will most likely also be systems in place for saving and reusing wash water and bath water， which will probably have to be the main origin of future water， so that both plants and people can still have clean water in the future， when water supplies are low.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　EBCAD
Scene Two
1.It is cooked by a special cook
2.but a robot
3.to put the food inside of the robot
4.a delicious dish is finished
5.That is so cool
Part Ⅱ　Write a sci-fi short story
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　BCBD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger.
2.Surprisingly， he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
3.Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.
4.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box.
5.He destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
三、6.The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
7.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
四、
　　Once upon a time， a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood， wondering and then the ring said，“Young man， a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her， you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.He learned that the girl couldn’t move forever unless someone destroyed the witch’s magical stick.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man， together with the girl， defeated the witch， and they lived a happy life together ever after.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to　②far superior to
2.①up　②over； in； on； off　③took down everything he mentioned
3.conflicted with； come into conflict with； in conflict with； conflicts
4.①up　②down　③in　④turn to my classmates or teachers for help　⑤he failed to turn up/he didn’t turn up
5.①behind　②away　③fall in love with China the first time
6.①to study　②urgent　③to take　④Parents urge that their children （should） take advantage of the opportunity.
重点句型解构
1.①It was not until a doctor came into the room that
②It was at that moment that　③What was it that
2.①as if he can hardly bear it any more
②as if he had been transported to another world
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place.
2.Tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks.Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.”
With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.”
3.It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.
4.The passer-by smiled with gratitude
5.Touched/Moved deeply
6.Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude
第二步
　　Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place.With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.” It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.The passer-by smiled with gratitude as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.Touched/Moved deeply， the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.Later， knowing what had happened， Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
单元素养提升
一、1.ridiculous　2.integrity　3.dignity　4.salary
5.absurd　6.saleswoman　7.ladder　8.dismiss
9.rumour　10.fare　11.flour　12.salesman　13.superior
14.labour　15.leather　16.inch　17.backwards　18.niece
19.fetch　20.handkerchief　21.lamp　22.pace　23.random
Ⅰ.1.rumour　2.pace　3.Labour　4.ridiculous　5.superior
6.salary　7.dismisses　8.handkerchief　9.random
10.dignity　11.integrity
二、1.appointment　2.guilty　3.declare　4.weekly
5.calculate　6.division　7.urge　8.maximum　9.explode
10.mud
Ⅱ.1.appointed； appointed； appointment　2.exploded； explosion　3.guilty　4.muddy　5.weekly　6.division
三、1.experiment with　2.test out　3.more like　4.or rather
5.have an appointment　6.turn around　7.after all
8.more than　9.on a ...basis　10.pros and cons
11.superior to　12.take over　13.conflict with
14.turn out　15.fall away　16.have an urge to
Ⅲ.1.tested out　2.superior to　3.After all　4.turned out　5.take over　6.fell away
四、1.more like a human than a machine
2.make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant
3.there stood Gladys Claffern
4.It was at ten o’clock today that
5.as if a lamp was being turned out
Ⅳ.1.more sad than angry
2.make him examined
3.Seated in the first line are
4.it is not what we say but what we do that
5.as if nothing had happened
UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）travel　（2）impressions　（3）Aborigines
（4）multiculturalism
2.four blogs； experiences
第二步
1－4　BDCC
第三步
1.Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
2.（1）The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow.
（2）Unlike a horn， there are no finger holes.
3.（1）After being here for a while， my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.
（2）Personally speaking， what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.
第四步
1.The Aborigines were hunter-gatherers who grew no crops and did not raise animals， so they were directly dependent on their natural environment.
2.It seems to me that the best iconic attraction in China is the Great Wall.Not only does it represent the long history of China， but it also reflects the Chinese people’s diligence， bravery， and wisdom.What’s more， the Great Wall is one of the man-made structures visible from space.
第五步
1.目的　为了在大洋中这片辽阔的土地上生存，澳大利亚土著人得和大自然保持密切的联系。
2.found on the ground　musical instruments　他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。
3.It　定语　据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①location　②Located　③is conveniently located within walking distance of the town centre
④is located in the city centre
2.①as　②to　③to be referred to as　④for easy reference
3.①On the one hand； on the other hand
②For one thing； For another
4.①to breathe （in） fresh country air
②breathed a sigh of relief
5.①to give　②of　③Convinced that you like paper-cutting， I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
6.①编造　②组成，构成　③couldn’t make out the division line clearly
重点句型解构
1.①to take effective measures； we took effective measures； we should take effective measures
②that I had given/made/delivered a speech in public
2.①is said to have been injured　②It is believed that； is believed to be　③It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
　句首　表语　前面　后面
即时演练1
①used　②selected　③playing　④titled　⑤given
即时演练2
①educated　②stuck　③injured　④rejected　⑤confused
⑥relaxing
即时演练3
①astonished　②decorated　③cleaned； arranged
④burning； burned/burnt　⑤washed
即时演练4
①If he is given　②Although/Though he was laughed at　③Because the teacher was satisfied with　④Encouraged　⑤Welcomed； excited
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①entitled　②to　③entitlement
④entitle you to a higher salary
2.①from　②from/of　③nothing is so precious as freedom
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Discuss what best represents a place
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BACBA　6－9　ACAB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：If we’re going to travel in Eastern Europe this summer， let’s be sure we go to Bulgaria.
M：Why Bulgaria？
W：Because it’s famous for rose products， especially rose soil.
M：Well， can’t we just buy the products online？ We’re already planning to visit Greek island and Hungarian castles.
W：So？ Let’s add Bulgarian rose fields to the list.I need to see them！ I must smell them！ I have already dreamed of being in the middle of a rose field.
M：Fine， honey.We’ll book a flight to the capital Sofia， and I’ll find out how to tour the rose fields.But if we go to that country， we need to spend some time at a beach holiday center in Varna on the Black Sea.The town is famous， and I want some of the special fish that’s only available during summer.
W：Sounds perfect to me！
（Text 2）
M：How was your trip back to your hometown？
W：Great， except for the flights.On the way there， I stopped in Munich and had to wait six hours for my flight.On the way back I stopped in Zurich and waited four hours.
M：That doesn’t make sense.It shouldn’t take that long to get to Lisbon from Beijing.
W：You’re right， but that is the cheapest flight I could get.I bought these tickets three months ago.
M：That’s too early！ My brother says you should always buy your ticket 40 to 50 days before your flight leaves.
W：That might work normally， but not around our National Day.If you book too late， your ticket will be much more expensive.
M：So what did you do while you were there？
W：First， I visited some of my old relatives in the small villages， and we exchanged gifts.Then I spent several days in the city with my friends.The last few days I returned home to stay with my mom and dad.
M：Sounds like fun.
（Text 3）
M：Ladies and gentlemen， let me be the first to welcome you to Middletown.I hope you’ve had a pleasant journey.If you are connecting to another flight， an attendant at the gate will give you the departure gate number for your next flight.If Middletown is your destination， we thank you for travelling with us.As you exit the plane， walk to your right towards the baggage claim area.Your baggage will be arriving on Carousel B in about 10 minutes.Be sure to have your baggage claim slip with you when you pick up your baggage.Airport transportation is available under the green sign as you depart the baggage claim area.There are buses there that will take you into the center of Middletown.Taxis are also available in the blue parking area.As we taxi to the gate， please stay in your seats until the captain has turned off the seat belt sign.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　ECBAD
Scene Two
1.I plan to pay a visit to a place named Wuzhen
2.She is fond of traditional places
3.I suggest you book a hotel in advance
4.Thank you for reminding me
5.I’d like to see some lovely animals there
Part Ⅱ　Describe an iconic animal
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　BCBD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Golden monkeys are protected by the Chinese government.
2.The male golden monkeys are big and strong.
3.The female golden monkeys are much smaller.
4.Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 meters above the sea level.
5.They like living in family groups.
6.They feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.
7.But now their number is getting smaller and smaller.
8.Our government has built some nature reserves to make them live in a protected environment.
9.We hope more and more people will understand the importance of protecting golden monkeys.
三、10.The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller.
11.They like living in family groups and they feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.
四、
　　Golden monkeys live in China.They are protected by the Chinese government.
Their fur is golden and a bit grey and their tails are as long as their bodies.The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller.Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 meters above the sea level.They like living in family groups and they feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.But now their number is getting smaller and smaller.
Our government has built some nature reserves to make them live in a protected environment.We hope more and more people will understand the importance of protecting golden monkeys.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to　②distribution
③tea is widely distributed all over the country
2.①to do　②has a seating capacity of 2，000 audience
3.①A bagful of　②A flock of　③a handful of
④It is bad manners to speak with a mouthful of food.
重点句型解构
　①While travelling can broaden your mind
②while others are against it
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.nervousness/tension came flooding over me
2.I could feel my heart in my mouth
3.feel my palms sweating， heartbeat racing
4.made me even more nervous
5.With butterflies in my stomach， I breathed deeply
6.I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight
7.only to find her freezing fingers sweating and trembling
第二步
　　When we were standing backstage， nervousness/tension came flooding over me.I could feel my heart in my mouth when my name was called.While I was walking onto the stage， I could feel my palms sweating， heartbeat racing.However， the hall packed with audience made me even more nervous.My heart beat wildly and my legs trembled.With butterflies in my stomach， I breathed deeply.I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight， wondering what to do next.Therefore， I reached to grab her hand， only to find her freezing fingers sweating and trembling.
单元素养提升
一、1.iconic　2.joint　3.premier　4.hollow　5.straightforward
6.slogan　7.entitle　8.dive　9.sponsor　10.liberty
11.sample　12.monument　13.temporary　14.phase　15.trunk　16.session　17.hatch　18.capacity　19.fence
20.prison　21.grand
Ⅰ.1.temporary　2.phase　3.prison　4.hollow
5.straightforward　6.sponsored　7.monument　8.sample
9.dived　10.fence　11.iconic　12.entitled
二、1.foundation　2.political　3.located　4.bakery
5.vibrate　6.freedom　7.distribution　8.licensed
9.frequency　10.violent
Ⅱ.1.frequency　2.violent　3.freedom　4.distribution
5.location　6.political　7.vibrations　8.foundation
三、1.make an impression on　2.do some research on
3.refer to ...as ...　4.major in　5.on the other hand
6.lead to　7.be native to　8.be in close contact with
9.breathe in　10.make up　11.play a part in　12.feel at home　13.a flock of　14.a handful of　15.because of
16.as well as　17.pick up　18.make sure　e across
Ⅲ.1.pick up　2.because of　3.make sure　4.come across　5.lead to　6.on the other hand　7.make up　8.are native to　9.to be in close contact with　10.feel at home
四、1.It’s almost time for me to say goodbye
2.It is said that
3.what I like most about Australia
4.While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird
Ⅳ.1.It’s time for us to take immediate measures
2.It is reported that
3.What was once regarded as impossible
4.While the students came from different countries
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－4　CADB
2.the reasons， history and future of China’s exploring the sea
第二步
1－4　DCBC
第三步
1.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
2.Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.
3.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
第四步
1.Marco Polo changed the world by his tales about his travels from Venice to the court of Kublai Khan in China.His account of his journeys inspired other adventurers， such as the explorer Christopher Columbus， who always carried a copy of Polo’s book.
2.China’s “Belt and Road Initiative （BRI）” is a planned multitrillion-dollar infrastructure program that is intended to link China with more than 100 countries through railroad， shipping and energy projects.The BRI will recreate the Silk Road，an old network of trading routes between the East and the West， by investing large sums of money into other countries to build such infrastructure projects.The “belt” will consist of land routes connecting economies in Asia， Africa and Europe.The “road” — while not actually a road — will connect various ocean routes through these areas.
3.Exploring the ocean is the key to increasing our understanding of the ocean， so we can more effectively manage， conserve， regulate， and use ocean resources that are vital to our economy and to all of our lives.Ocean exploration is about making discoveries， searching for things that are unusual and unexpected.Through ocean exploration， we collect data and information needed to address both current and emerging science and management needs.
第五步
1.动词不定式短语　在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
2.宾语　宾语　在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
3.which　中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①extending　②extend his helping hand to me； extend my heartfelt gratitude to him
2.①to negotiate　②negotiations　③negotiate directly with him
3.①to withdraw　②had withdrawn from
4.①at　②go hand in hand　③we had to wash our clothes by hand
重点句型解构
1.①seems better than what we have　②what you want to use it for　③what was wasteland
2.①with every international student trying to make their own tea　②With her bike stolen　③With no one to talk to
④with his hands tied behind his back
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语　宾语　宾语补足语　表语　定语　目的状语
2.to do　to have done
即时演练1
①To grasp　②to work　③to adapt　④to put
即时演练2
①（to） ensure　②to know　③to get
即时演练3
①to be distracted　②to have　③to study
④to hold an English Drama Competition
即时演练4
①to explore　②to cancel　③to study
即时演练5
①to make　②to see　③To live　④to find
即时演练6
①to play computer games　②to get on　③open the window
即时演练7
①to have caught　②to return　③to be heard
④happened to be doing her homework
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①professional　②by　③Whatever profession you choose
④to seek professional advice　⑤was handled professionally
2.①mixture　②with　③is full of mixed feelings
④that it is a mixture of old and new buildings
3.①for　②applause　③gained the audience’s applause
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
　　Part Ⅰ　Get to know about whales and
other sea animals
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BCACA　6－11　CBABCB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， you’re on the air with Lori Kool.
W：Lori， wow.I love your music.Your first album Ice Cream Scream is my all-time favourite！
M：Thanks very much.
W：I want to know where you often listen to music， Lori.
M：Where？ Um， I listen a lot at home， in my living room.I’ve got a nice new stereo system.
W：That sounds great.I’ve got tons of CDs as well.They take up an entire wall of my living room.
（Text 2）
W：What a big zoo！ I have never seen such a big zoo before.
M：Yeah.There are pandas， tigers， monkeys， elephants， seahorses and many kinds of birds.
W：Great！ I like pandas very much.Where are they？
M：Let me show you.Look！ This is the gate.Go through the gate into the zoo， and you’ll see a small hill on your right.That is the monkey hill.Opposite the hill， there are some big cages.They’re the tigers’ home.Next to the cages， you can see a big pool.Walk by the pool， and you’ll find a lot of trees in front of you.Many kinds of birds live there and pandas always play there， too.
W：Where are the elephants？
M：They are there， between the forest and the monkey hill.
（Text 3）
W：Thanks for offering me a lift.I’m looking forward to this party， but I don’t want to go alone.
M：Don’t mention it.It’s my pleasure.Have you been to one of these large dinner parties since you got to New Haven？
W：No， this is my first time.Last week I went to a cookout for new teachers at Professor Barksdale’s home.I took a taxi because I didn’t want to be late.But I was embarrassed to be the first one.
M：Did you arrive too early？
W：You’re right.The invitation said “two to seven”.I was there at two o’clock， but most people didn’t arrive until three or four.They didn’t have the cookout until five o’clock.
M：Cookouts often start slowly.A two o’clock start means you arrive at any time after two.
W：Thanks for telling me this.
（Text 4）
M：Hello！ This is Bruce speaking.
W：Hello， Bruce！ This is Jane.Would you like to go to a movie this Saturday？
M：I’d like that， but I’m afraid I’m not free the day after tomorrow.My grandparents are coming so my whole family will stay at home that day.
W：Sounds good， but you won’t miss the movie that we have been looking forward to， right？
M：Wait a minute！ You mean you are going to see the film that is famous for its Chinese kungfu in it？ It’s on？
W：Yes！ So， do you have any time on Sunday？ I think we may see the movie one day later.
M：Great！ I’m free in the afternoon.When shall we meet？
W：The movie is more than two hours long.I have to come back home before six.So， how about meeting in front of your house at three？ Then we can get to the cinema in half an hour.
M：No problem！ See you then！
W：See you！
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　CAEBD
Scene Two
1.I would like to work as an ocean explorer
2.to become a scientist like him
3.the requirements for becoming an ocean explorer
4.to get a related college degree
Part Ⅱ　Express your opinions on sea exploration
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CDAB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines.
2.Sea exploration has also made it possible for people to discover new sources of food and energy.
3.Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth.
4.Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution.
5.Marine pollution finally leads the ocean creatures to death.
6.Technology improves.
7.We may have more options for achieving this balance.
三、8.Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.
9.Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution， which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.
10.As technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.
四、
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out.
Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration.They say sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Others are against it.In their opinion， although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth， it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.It might also cause ecosystem destruction.
Personally speaking，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful　②on/upon　③With mercy and love
2.①possessions　②of　③in possession of the house； in the possession of him
3.①arrested　②for　③who came to arrest him
重点句型解构
1.①Nervous as she was　②as they thought of the surprise　③With time going by； As time went by
2.①so many flowers in the garden that
②so moved that delightful tears rolled down her cheeks
③Such an attractive place is Dalian； so attractive a place
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.
2.shaking/trembling with cold
3.I breathed a sigh of relief
4.a wave of relief and warmth swept over me
5.Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.
第二步
　　The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.Exhausted and shaking with cold， I prayed that someone would give me a ride.Thankfully， a car approached and stopped.I breathed a sigh of relief as the driver signaled me to get in the car.When I got in the car， a wave of relief and warmth swept over me， and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my cheeks， mixing with the rain.Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.
单元素养提升
一、1.tale　2.extend　3.league　4.royal　5.withdraw
6.channel　7.bond　8.tournament　9.laptop
10.applaud　11.tax　12.directory　13.meanwhile
14.opponent　15.log　16.arrest
Ⅰ.1.bond　2.applauded　3.Meanwhile　4.opponent
5.arrested　6.Channel　7.extend　8.withdraw　9.tales
10.taxed
二、1.negotiate　2.politics　3.profession　4.mixture
5.coverage　6.migration　7.murder　8.mercy　9.possession
Ⅱ.1.merciful； mercy　2.professional　3.mixture
4.murderer　5.possession　6.negotiations　7.politics
三、1.form the foundation of　2.set sail　3.find one’s way　4.a sight to behold　5.in a league of one’s own　6.under the command of　7.in return for sth　8.withdraw from　9.for the benefit of　10.in hand　11.take a picture of　12.be home to ...　13.take action　14.as well as
Ⅲ.1.set sail　2.take action　3.as well as　4.is home to
5.For the benefit of　6.under the command of
四、1.what became known as the Silk Road
2.with the latest technology in hand
3.as technology improves
4.loved his parents so much that
Ⅳ.1.what you said
2.With much work to do
3.As more and more forests are being cut down
4.was so tired that
UNIT 4　SHARING
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－3　BCA
2.Jo’s experience as a volunteer in the bush
第二步
1－4　AADB
第三步
1.（1）My secondary school is a bush school.The classrooms are made of bamboo， with clay floors and roofs of grass.
（2）It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
（3）There’s no electricity， running water or even textbooks， not to mention laptops， tablets， or other modern devices！
（4）All the students have are pencils， rubbers， and paper.
2.（1）Unlike students in our country，these boys do not wear cotton uniforms，and many of them also have to walk a long way， sometimes for up to two hours， just to get to school.
（2）The class became a circus as the boys， who had never come across anything like this before， started jumping out of the windows.
3.（1）...I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets， and it’s always nice to get mail！
（2）To be honest， I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
（3）That evening I fell happily into bed.It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
第四步
1.His life is rather hard， original and simple， but he and his family are very friendly.
2.Yes.I believe everyone must form the habit of sharing in his or her life. Sharing has numerous benefits that positively impact individuals， communities， and society as a whole. Firstly， sharing builds trust and fosters stronger relationships by promoting empathy， understanding， and cooperation. Secondly， sharing encourages social interaction and networking. Thirdly， by sharing， we develop a sense of generosity and kindness towards others.
第五步
1.I wonder　宾语　有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何在八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。
2.同位语　saw　started　我们到达村子时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到来，就“唉咿——唉咿——”地叫了起来。
3.同位语　that　汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①not to mention a detailed report and presentation
②not to mention； let alone
2.①in　②from/against　③in/under the shade of a tree
3.①ripen　②for　③the time was ripe for him to start his own business
4.①into　②dragged　③dragged herself out of bed
5.①privileged　②a　③have the great privilege of introducing/to introduce　④a privilege for me to be involved in
重点句型解构
1.①were talking when　②had （just） reached the railway station when　③was on the point of crying when
④He was about to give up the question when
2.①from which you can buy whatever you need　②from where she could have a good view of the whole town
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.①⑧　2.④⑤⑦　3.③　4.②⑥⑨
即时演练1
①made up his mind； change his mind　②were concerned about　③went through　④make use of； have a good command of
即时演练2
①in particular　②With the help of　③by chance
④Thanks to
即时演练3
①a great number of measures
②Among the Chinese historical figures
即时演练4
①as well　②less than　③over and over again
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①to win　②to be treated/treating　③deserve our respect
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Meet student volunteers
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BACBA　6－10　CBABC
11－12　BA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：There will be a meeting after class.Are you coming， Helen？
W：After class？ I’m sorry， Mike.I’m afraid I can’t.
M：But it’s quite important.It’s about our helping Bob.
W：Oh， I have to go home to look after my mother.She’s ill today.
M：Sorry to hear that.Then we’ll have to have the meeting without you.I’ll tell you about the meeting tomorrow morning.
W：Thanks.
（Text 2）
M：Morning， Sue.Did you enjoy your holiday in the country？
W：Yes， thanks.We had a great time.And some friends went with us.
M：Where did you stay？ In a hotel？
W：No.We camped in the mountains， near Snowdon.We cooked all our meals over an open fire.
M：Sounds wonderful.Was the weather good？
W：The sun shone nearly every day and it didn’t rain at all.
M：Did you like the people there？
W：Yes， they were great.We met some farmers and had tea in their houses.
（Text 3）
W：May I help you？
M：Yes， I’d like to send this letter to my friend in England.
W：Did you write your return address on the envelope？
M：Yes， I did.
W：How do you want to send it？
M：I guess I will send it by airmail.
W：Does it have anything valuable inside？
M：Yes.I enclosed a check and some photographs.
W：Then you’d better send it by registered mail.
M：That’s a good idea.Will you take care of that for me？
W：I’m sorry， sir.You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.
（Text 4）
M：Hello.
W：Hello， Dad？
M：Yes， Mary！ How are you？ Is there anything wrong？
W：Oh， no.I just want to call and see how you and Mum are.It’s been quite a long time since I saw you.
M：Oh， we’re both fine.Your mother is at the new shopping center.
W：For a new dress？
M：No， for shoes this time.How’s Tom？
W：He’s fine.He likes his work and was given a rise last month by Mr David.We were all pretty pleased about that.
M：Yes， I think you should be.And how is Billy？
W：Well， Billy’s home from school today.It’s nothing serious， just a bad cold.
M：That’s OK.Call again.
W：All right.Bye.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　EADCB
Scene Two
1.could you do me a favour
2.mailing this letter for me on your way to the department store
3.the letter can’t be delayed any more
4.I don’t want it lost
　　Part Ⅱ　Make a speech about China’s
aid to other countries
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CBDC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries.
2.I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
3.As we all know/As is known to all， China has a long history of helping other countries.
4.When other countries were in trouble in history， China would offer its help without any hesitation.
5.Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand.
6.I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
三、7.I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries， so I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
8.Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand and I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
四、
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to our school！ I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries， so I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
As we all know/As is known to all， China has a long history of helping other countries.Meanwhile， Chinese people are friendly and generous.When other countries were in trouble in history，China would offer its help without any hesitation.
Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand and I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
That’s all.Thank you for listening！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①lately　②Lately； the　③A few weeks later
2.①for　②it　③take them seriously
3.①ability　②disabled　③my disability has made me grow more and more independent
4.①consultant　②consult a dictionary； consult with your classmates about/on
重点句型解构
　①are　②did　③Not only does he speak
④Not only did the athlete demonstrate
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.had guilt written all over my face
2.She let out a cry of regret
3.She dashed out before I could utter a word.
4.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt about her
5.With regretful tears welling up in my eyes
第二步
　　Looking at Ann’s face wet with tears， I had guilt written all over my face.All of a sudden， she let out a cry of regret， “How silly I am！” Then， she dashed out before I could utter a word.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt about her.If only I had not quarreled with her！ Eventually， with regretful tears welling up in my eyes， I dashed downstairs to apologise to Ann.
单元素养提升
一、1.parcel　2.jam　3.mail　4.weed　5.chorus　6.cotton
7.uniform　8.shade　9.forehead　10.housing
11.platform　12.kettle　13.pan　14.ripe　15.drag
16.privilege　17.plug　18.deserve　19.input　20.tune　21.contract　22.criterion
Ⅰ.1.contract　2.mail　3.jam　4.privilege　5.deserves　6.parcels　7.chorus　8.platform　9.criterion　10.shade
11.weeding　12.ripe　13.uniform　14.forehead　15.Cotton
二、1.secondary　2.dust　3.chemist　4.disabled　5.resign
6.lately　7.consultation　8.stability
Ⅱ.1.dusty　2.later　3.disabled　4.stability　5.chemistry
三、1.（be） dying to　2.a chorus of　3.not to mention
4.adapt to　5.the other day　6.come across
7.be relevant to ...　8.to be honest　9.in need of
10.take （...） for granted　11.work on　12.as well
13.make a big difference　14.relay to　15.pray that
Ⅲ.1.adapt to　2.the other day　3.To be honest　4.as well
5.working on　6.in need of　7.come across　8.were dying to
四、1.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school
2.was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when
3.from where we had fantastic views
4.not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital， but
Ⅳ.1.It takes time to master a new skill
2.was studying in his room when
3.from where kiteflying spread to
4.Not only does the new smartphone have
UNIT 5　LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－3　ACB
2.D
第二步
1－4　DABD
第三步
1.This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.
2.I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
3.（1）Some ask questions about your personal interests and attitudes.
（2）Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios， like working as a librarian or a lawyer.
第四步
1.Yes. I agree with the statement one hundred percent. For one thing， when we do what we love， we are enjoying our lives； for another， when we do something we love， we are more likely to achieve great success.
2.I will take a career aptitude test first.But I don’t rely on it alone.I will also consult with my parents and teachers，who will give me practical and valuable suggestions.
第五步
1.career　taking time to think about it　你所从事的职业决定了你的生活，所以花点时间来思考它，对年轻人来说是一项至关重要的锻炼。
2.宾语　ideas　有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
3.后置定语　宾语　宾语　你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。”
4.表语　职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in　②debts　③owe a debt of gratitude to
2.①were categorised　②categories
③There are three categories of accommodation
3.①participants　②in　③participate actively in these discussions
4.①on　②coming　③spied her friend in the crowd
重点句型解构
1.①I could become an astronaut in the future
②I could go back in time and correct my past mistakes
③had studied harder
2.①It is important for students to study diligently　②It is obvious that　③It is necessary that we have social connections　④we break bad habits and create/form/develop positive ones
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主从复合句　表语　宾语　定语　表语　状语
2.并列　定语　that/which
即时演练
①accomplishment　one　这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持，我们就不可能取得的成就。
②祈使　目的　接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到洞的外部。
③条件状语　宾语　如果三年前有人告诉我，我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会开怀大笑。
④倒装　我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。
⑤主语　定语　我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①accused　②was accused of stealing； was charged with stealing
2.①greedy　②remember not to be greedy
3.①In　②came to/arrived at/reached/drew the conclusion that the new marketing strategy
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Choose a university major
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BCABA　6－11　BCABCA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be afraid of difficulties.
（Text 2）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they want a university graduate， so that’s OK.You’ve been to university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 3）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist， but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 4）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free. I know Jenny would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5　DACBE
Scene Two
1.I can make full use of my work experience
2.I am more interested in a full-time position
3.What is your greatest weakness
4.Why do you want to work for our company
5.I would like to be a part of that team very much
Part Ⅱ　Apply for a summer job
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CACD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I am writing to recommend myself as the reporter and editor for our school English newspaper.
2.As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities.
3.I won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.
4.I have hosted several English singing competitions in our school.
5.I would like to be a member of our school English newspaper and make friends with many other students.
6.I can be reached anytime via email at lihua2023@.
三、7.As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities and won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.
四、
Dear editor，
I am Li Hua， a 17-year-old girl from Senior 2.I am writing to recommend myself as the reporter and editor for our school English newspaper.
As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities and won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.Besides， I have hosted several English singing competitions in our school.
I would like to be a member of our school English newspaper and make friends with many other students.I can be reached anytime via email at lihua 2023@.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to　②who/that　③to have been invited to attend this international conference
2.①priorities　②to　③give priority to
④list your tasks in order of priority
3.①of　②thinking
③In order to acquire a better understanding of Tang poems
重点句型解构
1.①There is no point in talking　②There is no denying that
③There is no need for you to
2.①how to adapt to the new surroundings　②When to go on a picnic　③whether to participate in the music festival
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.with a sinking heart
2.She dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head in sadness， great sorrow/sadness/depression filling her eyes.
3.An air of sadness
4.she would fail
5.Disappointment and sadness came in waves
6.throw herself onto her bed and weep wildly
第二步
　　Wang Hua rose with a sinking heart and stepped out of the classroom.She dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head in sadness， great sorrow/sadness/depression filling her eyes.An air of sadness could be sensed ten meters away.Definitely， she would fail the maths exam！ Disappointment and sadness came in waves， and tears streamed/rolled/flowed down her cheeks.She was just desperate to rush home and throw herself onto her bed and weep wildly！
单元素养提升
一、1.bounce　2.lawyer　3.assemble　4.wrist　5.debt
6.categorise　7.code　8.detective　9.graphic　10.spy　11.justice　12.accuse　13.council　14.canal　15.supervise
16.handwriting　17.disk　18.purse　19.wool
20.priority　21.proficiency　22.cage　23.certificate　24.desert
Ⅰ.1.assembled　2.categorised　3.detective（s）
4.handwriting　5.desert　6.accuse　7.justice　8.debt　9.certificate　10.priority　11.spied　12.council
13.proficiency　14.supervised
二、1.drawer　2.participant　3.accountant　4.greedy
5.receptionist　6.socialist　7.communist　8.dedicate
9.parking　10.sew　11.finance　12.employer
13.acquire
Ⅱ.1.communist　2.receptionist　3.employers　4.financial
5.parking　6.greedy　7.participant　8.sewing　9.dedicated
三、1.head start　2.focus on　3.a variety of　4.based on　5.in conclusion　6.a chest of drawers　7.（real） estate agent　8.come to a conclusion　9.attend to　10.a passion for　11.apply for　12.have experience in　13.decide on　14.be keen to do sth　15.hear from
Ⅲ.1.focus on　2.based on　3.apply for　4.hear from
5.attend to　6.a variety of　7.decide on　8.In conclusion
四、1.I wish I had thought more about
2.it is important to remember
3.how to lead and decide on priorities
Ⅳ.1.I wish that someday I would/could live
2.It is very necessary for you to change
3.what to learn in senior high school
4 / 6Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
复习动词不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中的黑体部分都用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句①和句⑤中作　　　，在句⑦和句⑧中作　　　，在句②中作　　　　　　　，在句⑥中作　　　，在句④和句⑨中作　　　，在句③中作　　　　　　。
2.动词不定式的一般式的结构为　　　　　；完成式的结构为　　　　　　　　　。
一、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，它多表示具体的或某次具体行为。
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语可以表示将来特定的某一次具体动作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent.再利用和回收这种垃圾在很大程度上是节约资源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。
名师点津
动词不定式短语作主语时可以组成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth”，其中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语，且当形容词表达事物的特征时，其后用for sb，而当形容词表达人的特征或品质时，其后用of sb。It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他贡献这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
对我们来说，过低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
准确地预测未来是不可能的。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
　①　　　　　　 （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students 　　　　　（work） out on a regular basis.
③It will be beneficial for you 　　　　　　（adapt） to the new environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then 　　　　　　（put） all those rocks into place.
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体动作或将来动作，系动词除be外，还有seem、 appear等。
（1）带wh-疑问词的动词不定式短语可作表语。
（2）句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在这个地区。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是给你写信。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
　①What the plan does is 　　　　　　（ensure） a fair pension for all.
②To know everything is 　　　　　　（know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s desire.The other is 　　　　　　（get） it.
3.作宾语
英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用动词不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词（及短语动词）主要有：
三个希望两答应：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand、 ask、 refuse
设法学会做决定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假装在选择：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.我想知道的是我们什么时候发工资。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
听了这些话，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向别人学习。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you tend 　　　　　　（distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect 　　　　　　（have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined 　　　　　　（study） hard now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve planned 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. （邀请信）
为了激发学生学习英语的兴趣，我们计划举办一次英语戏剧比赛。
4.作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常位于所修饰的词之后，即作后置定语，说明被修饰词的特征。
（1）抽象名词ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、 effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接动词不定式作定语。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices？你们能想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法吗？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我还有妻子和儿子需要照顾。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放弃了出国的机会。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？昨晚谁是最后一个离开教室的？
名师点津
（1）如果动词不定式和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加“要”字。
（2）在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
【即时演练4】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way 　　　　（explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day 　　　　（cancel） registration and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance 　　　　（study） in China and I really do suggest you come.
5.作状语
动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我们去那里看我们的祖父母。
I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
听到这，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示结果）
她匆匆赶到家，却发现父亲已经去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉咙，好像要说话的样子。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作目的状语除了用to do表示外，还可以用in order to do或so as to do。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前往往有only作为标志。
【即时演练5】　单句语法填空
　①The boy worked so hard 　　　　　　（make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never 　　　（see） each other again.
③　　　　　　 （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only 　　　　　　（find） it didn’t fit.
6.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役动词（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感觉的动词或动词短语（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、 feel、 look at、 listen to等）作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那个女士让乞丐和她的仆人们一起吃饭。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让那个淘气的男孩在那儿站了一个小时。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大约10点钟离开了聚会。
名师点津
在某些表示心理状态的动词（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、 suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是“to be＋形容词”，这时，这些动词后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他们相信他是无辜的。
【即时演练6】　完成句子
　①His father doesn’t allow him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他的爸爸不允许他玩电脑游戏。
②The thief was seen 　　　　　　　the bus.
有人看见小偷上了公共汽车。
③The policeman observed the man 　　　　　　　　　　.
警察看见这个人打开了窗户。
二、动词不定式的形式
1.动词不定式的主动形式
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）动词不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。（notice与go out同时发生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的聚会。（attend的动作在plan后发生）
（2）动词不定式的进行式（to be doing）表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道，他们正努力地工作。（be reported与work同时发生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常乐意与你一起工作。（be glad与work同时发生）
（3）动词不定式的完成式（to have done）表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉让你久等了。（keep发生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已经来了。（come发生在believe前）
名师点津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已经买了那本新书。
2.动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。
形式 构成 意义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
有时被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。（harm是do的承受者，且发生在seem前）
名师点津
want、 need、 require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动词-ing形式的主动形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
这座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
这些花需要每天浇一次水。
【即时演练7】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①He isn’t feeling well.He appears 　　　　　　　　（catch） a cold.
②He had intended 　　　　　　（return） after receiving the first letter from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle 　　　　　　（hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
昨天晚上当她父母回来时，她碰巧正在做作业。
profession n.职业；行业
【教材原句】　Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return.
亨利·诺曼·白求恩把他的生命和职业生涯都用来帮助人们，而不求任何回报。
【用法】
（1）by profession 　 　在职业上；就职业来说
（2）professional adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的
n. 专业人员；职业运动员
（3）professionally adv. 职业地
【佳句】　①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他获得业余比赛的冠军后便转为职业运动员了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally. 医生把病人的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly 　　　　　　（profession） way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook 　　　　　　profession.
【写美】　完成句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， work hard to be the best！
无论你选择什么职业，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如果是法律问题，你需要寻求专业建议。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.因为他们是专业人士，所以情况得到了专业的处理。
mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
【教材原句】　Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.
远渡重洋往往既危险又无聊。
【用法】
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）掺和
mix with 与……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B （together）
把A与B混合起来/融合在一起
mix up 混淆；弄混；弄乱
（2）mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的
have mixed feelings （about sb/sth） （对……）有矛盾的感情
【佳句】　With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her friend.带着恐惧和焦虑，玛丽开始离开餐厅去寻找她的朋友。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a 　　　　（mix） of amusement and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business 　　　　　　pleasure.
【写美】　完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
回顾他的童年，他充满了复杂的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我喜欢这个城市的原因是它是新旧建筑的混合体。
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
【教材原句】　The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.
观众起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for　　　　为……鼓掌/喝彩
（2）applause n. 鼓掌；掌声
gain one’s applause 赢得某人的掌声
burst into thunderous/storming applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【佳句】　The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.选手们用娴熟的双手缝制、粘贴，同学们在一旁欢呼、鼓掌。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded 　　　　　　her and there was a wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst into 　　　　　　（applaud）.
【写美】　完成句子
③His perfect performance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他精彩的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅱ
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