资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Using Language
Part Ⅰ　Get to know about whales and other sea animals
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障　——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.be wild about whales热爱鲸鱼
2.a whale profile一份鲸鱼简介
3.different species of whales不同种类的鲸鱼
4.sea animals海洋动物
5.many factors许多因素
6.climate change气候变化
7.life cycle生命周期
8.complex sounds复杂的声音
9.tell them apart区分它们
10.track their movements追踪他们的行动
11.plot their migration path绘制它们的迁徙路径
12.create a database创建一个数据库
13.be added to ... 被添加到……
14.whale research groups鲸鱼研究小组
15.share the information共享信息
16.shark attacks鲨鱼袭击
17.terrible injuries可怕的伤害
18.on purpose故意
19.shark populations鲨鱼的数量
20.the endangered species濒危物种
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能　——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1.What does Lori Kool do？（　　）
A.A director.　 B.A singer.　　C.An actor.
2.What did the woman have？（　　）
A.A big living room.　 B.A new stereo system.
C.A large collection of CDs.
听第2段材料，回答第3、4题。
3.Where are the speaker talking now？（　　）
A.Outside a zoo.　 B.On a hill.　　C.In a forest.
4.What live with the pandas in the woods？（　　）
A.Monkeys.　 B.Tigers.　　C.Birds.
听第3段材料，回答第5至7题。
5.What is the woman？（　　）
A.A teacher.　 B.A student.　　 C.A professor.
6.Why did the woman feel embarrassed last week？（　　）
A.She was late for the cookout.
B.She went to the wrong place.
C.She arrived there too early.
7.How long did the woman wait until the cookout started？（　　）
A.Two hours.　 B.Three hours.　　C.Four hours.
听第4段材料，回答第8至11题。
8.What day is it today？（　　）
A.Thursday.　 B.Saturday.　　C.Monday.
9.What are they going to watch probably？（　　）
A.A cartoon.
B.An action movie.
C.A horror movie.
10.When will they go to watch the movie？（　　）
A.On Saturday afternoon.
B.On Sunday morning.
C.On Sunday afternoon.
11.What time will they get to the cinema？（　　）
A.At 6：30.　 B.At 3：30.　　C.At 3：00.
答案：1－5　BCACA　6－11　CBABCB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， you’re on the air with Lori Kool.
W：Lori， wow.I love your music.Your first album Ice Cream Scream is my all-time favourite！
M：Thanks very much.
W：I want to know where you often listen to music， Lori.
M：Where？ Um， I listen a lot at home， in my living room.I’ve got a nice new stereo system.
W：That sounds great.I’ve got tons of CDs as well.They take up an entire wall of my living room.
（Text 2）
W：What a big zoo！ I have never seen such a big zoo before.
M：Yeah.There are pandas， tigers， monkeys， elephants， seahorses and many kinds of birds.
W：Great！ I like pandas very much.Where are they？
M：Let me show you.Look！ This is the gate.Go through the gate into the zoo， and you’ll see a small hill on your right.That is the monkey hill.Opposite the hill， there are some big cages.They’re the tigers’ home.Next to the cages， you can see a big pool.Walk by the pool， and you’ll find a lot of trees in front of you.Many kinds of birds live there and pandas always play there， too.
W：Where are the elephants？
M：They are there， between the forest and the monkey hill.
（Text 3）
W：Thanks for offering me a lift.I’m looking forward to this party， but I don’t want to go alone.
M：Don’t mention it.It’s my pleasure.Have you been to one of these large dinner parties since you got to New Haven？
W：No， this is my first time.Last week I went to a cookout for new teachers at Professor Barksdale’s home.I took a taxi because I didn’t want to be late.But I was embarrassed to be the first one.
M：Did you arrive too early？
W：You’re right.The invitation said “two to seven”.I was there at two o’clock， but most people didn’t arrive until three or four.They didn’t have the cookout until five o’clock.
M：Cookouts often start slowly.A two o’clock start means you arrive at any time after two.
W：Thanks for telling me this.
（Text 4）
M：Hello！ This is Bruce speaking.
W：Hello， Bruce！ This is Jane.Would you like to go to a movie this Saturday？
M：I’d like that， but I’m afraid I’m not free the day after tomorrow.My grandparents are coming so my whole family will stay at home that day.
W：Sounds good， but you won’t miss the movie that we have been looking forward to， right？
M：Wait a minute！ You mean you are going to see the film that is famous for its Chinese kungfu in it？ It’s on？
W：Yes！ So， do you have any time on Sunday？ I think we may see the movie one day later.
M：Great！ I’m free in the afternoon.When shall we meet？
W：The movie is more than two hours long.I have to come back home before six.So， how about meeting in front of your house at three？ Then we can get to the cinema in half an hour.
M：No problem！ See you then！
W：See you！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战　——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　下面对话两人谈论了关于火星的报道和对火星的探索。
　　阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
M：I’m reading an interesting report on Mars.
W：Oh， what does it say？　1　
M：Absolutely！It says there is water on Mars buried beneath the surface.It’s just a matter of how deep it is.
W：Then could the soil on Mars somehow be fertile enough to grow simple plants？
M：The soil would need quite a bit of fertilizer to grow anything.　2　
W：Actually， we are doing a project in school that involves landing ship and staying on Mars for an extended period of time.　3　
M：I’m not sure whether NASA has built any portable habitats for extended stays on Mars， but they have looked at various designs.
W：One of the most exciting things about Mars is that there could have been life on it.　4　
M：Well， I’m not really an expert in this area， but my understanding is that anything is possible.
W：Thank you for sharing me with your opinion.
M：　5　
A.And it would need to be protected from the UV radiation.
B.What is your personal opinion on the life on Mars theory？
C.Does it say water could still exist under the surface of Mars？
D.Not at all.
E.Does NASA have any type of portable habitats that could be used to stay on the planet？
答案：1－5　CAEBD
　　下面对话两人谈论了当一名海洋探索者的梦想和成为海洋探索者的要求。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：What would you like to do in the future？
M：1.　I would like to work as an ocean explorer　 （我想当一名海洋探索者）.
W：Why？
M：I admired Tang Shifeng， a famous marine scientist in China， when I was a boy.And I have had a dream 2.　to become a scientist like him　 （成为像他那样的科学家）.
W：I see.But do you know 3.　the requirements for becoming an ocean explorer　 （成为海洋探索者的要求）？
M：Yes.Education background， experience， health conditions and so on are all included.
W：What are you going to do now？
M：I must study hard 4.　to get a related college degree　 （获得相关的大学学位）.
W：Wish your dream will come true！
M：Thank you.
Part Ⅱ　Express your opinions on sea exploration
1.What’s the first author’s attitude towards sea exploration？（　　）
A.Indifferent.
B.Supportive.
C.Opposed.
D.Doubtful.
2.What does the second paragraph in Text 1 mainly focus on？（　　）
A.The solutions of sea exploration.
B.The cause of sea exploration.
C.The effect of plastic pollution.
D.The problems of sea exploration.
3.How does the first author support his idea？（　　）
A.By listing facts.
B.By giving examples.
C.By asking questions.
D.By making comparisons.
4.What makes it necessary for us to explore the sea？（　　）
A.The development of technology.
B.The rising number of population.
C.The valuable minerals under the sea.
D.The damage caused by earthquakes.
答案：1－4　CDAB
Step 1　品教材课文
Text 1
　　When people talk of exploring the sea more， they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more.
　　More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish， and has even been found in our tap water.
　　Mining for resources is very damaging， especially in the Arctic.Because of climate change， there is less ice now， which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north.But if we burn these， the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue.Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong.
　　Overfishing is another problem.Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research.Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
　　The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.It is huge， but it is more sensitive than we think.If we do not protect it， future generations will not forgive us.
Text 2
　　To truly understand our planet， we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.For example，scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.Therefore， more research is necessary.
　　Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.It may help us discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
　　The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development.There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
　　Of course， there are still environmental risks.However， these should be balanced with economic needs.
Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance.
Step 2　析写作手法
学语言：
Text 1：
　　第二段最后一句中使用了动词-ing短语作结果状语（killing many birds and fish）；第三段使用了非限制性定语从句（which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north）。
Text 2：
　　第一段使用了动词不定式短语作目的状语（To truly understand our planet）和so that引导的目的状语从句；第三段使用了not just ...but （also） ...句式；最后一段使用了as引导的时间状语从句（as technology improves），这些高级句式和语法的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。
学结构：
Text 1：
　　本文指出：海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害，弊大于利。第一段开门见山地指出海洋探索往往意味着对海洋的过度开发，导致许多问题。第二至第四段分别阐述海洋开发带来的问题，包括海洋污染、气候变化、过度捕捞等。第五段作者总结全文，发出呼吁：海洋是生命的家园，保护海洋迫在眉睫。
Text 2：
　　本文第一句话阐明观点：要更好地了解我们的星球，就必须探索占据地球绝大部分面积的海洋。紧接着，作者就反对者的担忧提出第一个分论点，即为了更好地理解和解决气候变化等全球问题，我们需要进行海洋探索活动。第二段是第二个分论点，指出海洋探索有利于人类更好地利用资源。第三段是第三个分论点，指出海洋探索事关未来的人类生存。第四、五两段作者再次回应反对意见，指出在环保与发展之间需要寻求平衡，并相信随着技术进步，人类将更有能力取得这种平衡。
【参考译文】
文本一
　　人们在谈论扩大海洋探索的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋探索已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。
　　扩大探索意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
　　资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。
　　过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
　　海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
文本二
　　为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。
　　深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。
　　世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。
　　当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。
　　随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
第一段：点明辩论的主题
1.When it comes to ocean exploration， people hold different opinions.
当谈到海洋探索时，人们持有不同的观点。
2.The opinion on whether to further explore the ocean varies from person to person.
关于是否进一步探索海洋的观点因人而异。
3.Our class had a heated discussion about the phenomenon.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
我们班对这种现象进行了热烈讨论，主要有两种观点。
第二段：用简洁的语言陈述双方的观点，然后再分条陈述理由
1.Some people hold the view that ocean exploration may do damage to some marine life.
一些人认为海洋探索可能会对一些海洋生物造成伤害。
2.Some people support/are in favour of ocean exploration because rich resources in the ocean may help solve the problem of energy shortages.
一些人支持海洋探索，因为丰富的海洋资源可以帮助解决能源短缺的问题。
3.A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients.
大多数人赞成这个观点，因为鱼可以给我们提供丰富的营养。
4.Through ocean exploration， we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes.
通过海洋探索，我们可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解环境变化的原因。
5.Information from ocean exploration is very important， which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
来自海洋探索的信息很重要，它有助于我们预测地震和海啸。
6.However， some people hold a different opinion.They think that human’s overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep-sea ecosystem.
然而，一些人持有不同的观点。 他们认为人类的过度捕捞不仅会造成污染，还会破坏深海生态系统。
第三段：表达自己的观点
1.Personally speaking， there are some good and bad effects caused by ocean exploration.
就我个人而言，海洋探索既有好的影响也有坏的影响。
2.As far as I’m concerned， moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy.
依我看来，适度的海洋探索是值得投资的，因为它可以激励人类去发现新能源。
　　假定你是李华，最近你们班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，给某英文报社的编辑写一封信来报道此事。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
获取更多的 海洋资源 造成海洋污染，最终导致海洋生物死亡；破坏生态系统 ……
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Editor，
　　Recently our class has had a discussion about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.海洋探索使人们有可能发现新药物。（it作形式宾语）
　Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines.　
2.海洋探索也使人们有可能发现新的食物和能源的来源。 （source）
　Sea exploration has also made it possible for people to discover new sources of food and energy.　
3.海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。
　Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth.　
4.海洋探索可能会导致海洋污染。
　Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution.　
5.海洋污染最终导致海洋生物死亡。（lead）
　Marine pollution finally leads the ocean creatures to death.　
6.科技进步了。
　Technology improves.　
7.我们可能有更多的选择来达到这种平衡。
　We may have more options for achieving this balance.　
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
8.用并列连词as well as合并句1和句2。
　Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.　
9.用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句4和句5。
　Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution， which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.　
10.用主从复合句合并句6和句7。
　As technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
Dear Editor，
　　Recently our class has had a discussion about 　whether sea exploration should be carried out.　
　Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration.They say sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Others are against it.In their opinion， although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth， it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.It might also cause ecosystem destruction.　
　Personally speaking，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.　
　Yours，
　Li Hua
核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
【教材原句】　Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
【用法】
（1）　对……怜悯/宽恕 without mercy 　　残忍地；毫不留情地 at the mercy of ...　　任由……摆布 （2）merciful adj.　仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.　　残忍的；毫不怜悯的；无情的
【佳句】　She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.
她是一个善良的女人，经常怜悯困境中的人们。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He is generous and 　merciful　 （mercy） to those who are weaker than himself.
②To have mercy 　on/upon　 someone is at the heart of human kindness.
【写美】　完成句子
③　With mercy and love　， I decided to see if the bird had a chance to survive.　（读后续写之心理描写）
怀着怜悯和爱心，我决定看看这只鸟是否有机会活下来。
possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制
【教材原句】　The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。
【用法】
（1）in possession of 　　具有；拥有 in the possession of 　　被……拥有；归……所有 take possession of 　　占有；拥有 （2）possess vt.　　拥有；具有；支配；控制
【佳句】　The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
持有护照是出国旅行所必需的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①People lost their homes and all their 　possessions　 （possess） in the war.
②When can I take possession 　of　 a car of my own？
【写美】　一句多译
③他拥有这套房子。
→He is 　in possession of the house　.
→The house is 　in the possession of him　.
arrest n.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引（注意）
【教材原句】　A 5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.
已宣布悬赏500万美元以获取缉拿谋杀犯的线索。
【用法】
（1）arrest one’s attention　引起某人的注意 arrest sb for （doing） sth　　因（做）某事而逮捕某人 get arrested　　遭逮捕 （2）make an arrest　　进行拘捕
【佳句】　I found myself on the point of giving up.But one day a TV program arrested my attention.
我发现自己快要放弃了。但有一天，一档电视节目引起了我的注意。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①During the strike，a great many young people got 　arrested　 （arrest） and they are still under arrest.
②The young man was arrested 　for　 having stolen his neighbour’s computer.
【写美】　完成句子
③It was a policeman 　who came to arrest him　 and put him into prison for destroying the shop window.　（读后续写之动作描写）
一个警察来逮捕了他，并以破坏商店橱窗的罪名把他关进了监狱。
重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】　Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance.
随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
【用法】
as作连词的主要用法如下： （1）意为“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句； （2）意为“当……的时候；一面……一面……；随着……”，引导时间状语从句； （3）意为“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； （4）意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
【品悟】　As Teachers’ Day was approaching， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①　Nervous as she was　， she gathered up her courage to step onto the stage.
尽管她很紧张，她还是鼓起勇气走上舞台。
②The twins were filled with excitement 　as they thought of the surprise　 they were planning for Mother’s Day.
想到为母亲节准备的惊喜，这对双胞胎充满了兴奋。
③随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
→　With time going by　， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.（with）
→　As time went by　， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.（as）
句型公式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】　The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.
儿子如此爱他的父母，以至于他答应不去游泳。
【用法】
（1）so＋ （2）such＋
【品悟】　The twins loved their mother so much that they decided to give her a Mother’s Day surprise.
这对双胞胎是如此爱他们的妈妈，他们决定给她一个母亲节惊喜。
【点津】　当“so/such＋形容词/副词”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①There were 　so many flowers in the garden that　 we felt as if we were bathed in the ocean of flowers.
花园里有如此多的花，以至于我们感觉好像沐浴在花的海洋里。
②Seeing the delicious breakfast，the mother was 　so moved that delightful tears rolled down her cheeks　.
看着美味的早餐，妈妈是如此感动，愉快的泪水从她的脸颊流下来。
③Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→　Such an attractive place is Dalian　 that lots of tourists visit the city every year.（倒装句）
→Dalian is 　so attractive a place　 that lots of tourists visit the city every year.（so ...that ...）
情感描写之“宽慰”和“温暖”
形容词/名词 warm， warmth， relief， relieved
动词 warm， relieve
固定 短语 ①to one’s relief使某人宽慰的是 ②a mixture of warmth and relief既温暖又宽慰 ③breathe a sigh of relief/sigh with relief松了口气 ④feel a surge of relief如释重负
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.大雨倾盆，猛烈地打在我的脸上。
　The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.　
2.我筋疲力尽，冻得发抖，祈祷有人能载我一程。
Exhausted and 　shaking/trembling with cold　， I prayed that someone would give me a ride.
3.一辆车开过来停了下来。当司机示意我上车时，我松了一口气。
A car approached and stopped.　I breathed a sigh of relief　 as the driver signaled me to get in the car.
4.当我坐进车里，一股轻松和温暖的感觉席卷了我全身，我感到感激的泪水和雨水混在一起顺着脸颊默默地落下来。
When I got in the car， 　a wave of relief and warmth swept over me　， and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my cheeks， mixing with the rain.
5.司机的善良不仅温暖了我的心，也提醒我要把爱心传递下去。
　Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.　
第二步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.Exhausted and shaking with cold， I prayed that someone would give me a ride.Thankfully， a car approached and stopped.I breathed a sigh of relief as the driver signaled me to get in the car.When I got in the car， a wave of relief and warmth swept over me， and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my cheeks， mixing with the rain.Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.　
维度一：品句填词
1.The 　opponents　 （对手） didn’t think highly of me， so they didn’t think that I would be able to kick the ball so powerfully.
2.Interested in 　marine　 （海的） life，my niece decided to be an oceanologist.
3.Policemen have the authority to 　arrest　 （逮捕） lawbreakers.
4.No minerals have yet been exploited　 in Antarctica.
5.I have mastered the skills of playing volleyball.Meanwhile　， I have made more friends.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.As for our arrangement， we will invite 　professional　 （profession） teachers to join us and give us guidance on English skills.
2.In my eyes， the city was a 　mixture　 （mix） of old and new buildings.
3.Luckily， the people who had lost their homes and their 　possessions　 （possess） were well taken care of.
4.The audience stayed silent， listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of 　applause　 （applaud） at the end.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It not only enriches the after-school life of the students but also 　attracts more people to pay attention to　 Chinese culture.
它不仅丰富了学生们的课余生活，也吸引了更多的人关注中国文化。
2.The West Lake is 　so beautiful that　 it attracts millions of visitors every year.
西湖是如此美丽，以至于它每年吸引数百万的游客。
3.　So sudden was the attack　 that we had no time to escape.
袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
4.　As he grew older　， he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着年龄的增长，他除了喜欢园艺以外，对一切都失去了兴趣。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　When people talk of exploring the sea more， they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration 1.　has caused　 （cause） many problems up to now and will continue to cause more.More exploration means 2.　more　 （much） pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Mining for resources is very damaging.Overfishing is 3.　another　 problem.Although hunting whales and dolphins 4.　was banned　 in 1982， some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.The sea is home to life， not human beings’ 5.　possessions　 （possess）.
　　To 6.　truly　 （true）understand our planet， we must explore the oceans.Opponents may be concerned， 7.　but　 sea exploration is important for our future.Therefore， more research is necessary.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.8.　Logging　 （log） new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.The population of the world is growing and we need new resources 9.　for　 future development.Of course， we should balance environmental risks with 10.　economic　 （economy） needs.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·福建四校高二下联考）Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away， can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater train to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people， too. More than 50 years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called metabolism （新陈代谢）. These pathways also produce chemicals called “secondary metabolites”. One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today’s antibiotics cannot. Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些海洋生物所产生的有毒化学物质对人类很有用，科学家们现在正在寻找其中可以用于治疗人类疾病的化学物质。
1.Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A.To struggle for existence. B.To benefit other creatures.
C.To change their environment. D.To hide themselves in the sea.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的But many organisms （生物体） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.可知，许多海洋生物会产生有毒的化学物质来抵御捕食者，也就是说，海洋生物产生有毒的化学物质是为了生存。
2.What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater according to the text？（　　）
A.The darkness in the deep ocean.
B.Dangerous animals and currents.
C.Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D.The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，对于需要潜水工作的科学家来说，鲨鱼并不是海洋中最可怕的东西，因海底落差产生的强大洋流也同样是致命的。由此可知，当科学家在水下工作时，危险的动物和洋流会威胁他们的生命。
3.What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A.They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B.They can treat many diseases.
C.They have unique functions.
D.They can kill all bacteria.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们在来自海底的样本里发现了混合物，它们可以杀死现在的一些抗生素不能杀死的细菌。有一种混合物还能减轻阿尔茨海默病的症状。由此可推知，这些来自海底样本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A.Living Resources in the Ocean
B.Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C.Future Sources of Medicines
D.Diving for New Medicines
解析：D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们潜到海里收集各种海洋生物产生的化学物质，用于制作药物。因此D项（潜水寻找新药）适合作文章标题。
B
　　（2024·聊城高二下期末）The danger of AI is something that has kept the bright minds at Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute occupied since 2005.One of 23 full-time researchers， FHI Research Fellow Ben Garfinkel， strives to help capture the benefits and reduce the risks of artificial intelligence.He explains the danger of unregulated AI development like this，“In the relatively near-term， there are concerns around autonomous weapons systems， job loss from automation， and new forms of cyber attacks.In the long run， as AI systems become more capable or even smarter than humans， it might also be hard to ensure that they will behave according to our own moral values.”
　　Some highly regarded scientists like the late Steven Hawking and entrepreneur Elon Musk， have expressed concern that a super-intelligent AI could escape our control and do things we won’t like or be able to stop.Indeed， Musk recently warned that “AI is far more dangerous than nuclear weapons.So why do we have no regulatory oversight？ This is crazy.”
　　Still， there are those who think these fears are overblown.Richard Socher， chief scientist at US software company Salesforce has written，“We face major issues around prejudice and diversity that are much more important than robot uprisings.”
　　“The more control we have in advance， the better the transition to the machine intelligence era will be，” advises FHI Director Nick Bostrum.
　　It must also be remembered that just because a disaster hasn’t yet happened doesn’t mean the risks aren’t increasing.Indeed Martin Rees warns that “the probabilities of disasters caused by misuse of technology are rising year by year”.
　　The worrying thing is that given the threat that these technologies pose， relatively little resource is being made use of to investigate how to deal with these risks effectively.As Martin Rees points out， “There’s a huge effort aimed at analysing and trying to reduce familiar risks.But there can’t be even 100 people worldwide whose main focus is on really extreme risks.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人工智能的发展给人类带来了巨大的挑战，很多科学家开始意识到这一威胁，呼吁我们开始防范这一风险。
5.What attitude did Ben Garfinkel take towards AI？（　　）
A.A little confused.
B.A little ambiguous.
C.Cautious and worried.
D.Confident and hopeful.
解析：C　观点态度题。根据第一段可知，Ben Garfinkel重点强调了人工智能对人类可能带来的潜在风险和威胁。由此判断，他对人工智能的态度是谨慎和担忧的。
6.What can we infer about Richard Socher？（　　）
A.He is conservative.
B.He is open-minded.
C.He has a sense of humour.
D.He lacks a sense of responsibility.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Richard Socher认为人们夸大了人工智能可能带来的风险，他更强调去除偏见并倡导多样化。由此判断，他心胸宽广。
7.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Much remains to be done to develop AI.
B.Great achievements have been made in AI.
C.We haven’t done enough to prevent AI risks.
D.AI scientists are working with great efficiency.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，我们目前几乎没有采取多少有效措施来防范人工智能发展可能带来的风险，我们只是关注那些人们熟悉的风险。
8.How does the author develop this passage？（　　）
A.By listing some facts. B.By providing some reasons.
C.By analysing some phenomena. D.By quoting some famous people.
解析：D　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者主要通过大量引用一些科学家及研究人员的话来展开文章。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·武汉高二下质检）I’d worked four months at a university when we had a going away party for Sandy， who was moving to London.When I got to work the next day， I was　9　 to see Sandy there.“Aren’t you supposed to be in London？” I asked.She 　10　 me and said，“I’m Helen.”
　　I then found out that I have a rare disease — face blindness.This 　11　 sent me to the doctor.I didn’t think much about it.　12　， I’m a successful adult — who cares if my 　13　 isn’t quite like everyone else’s？ Then， I met Dr Smith.“Your ability to learn new faces is among the worst，” he said.“As for cures， nothing so far has been very 　14　.” After a sad goodbye， I fled in tears.
　　I was 　15　 until Dad gave me some important advice.“Everyone just wants to talk about themselves，” he said.“Just ask questions.” This 　16　 transformed my life.When walking on campus， if someone looked my way， I 　17　.If they smiled， I stopped to chat.Soon I became an expert at talking to 　18　.
　　This year， I celebrated my birthday with over 60 friends， many of whom I wasn’t able to 　19　.I was fine with that. 　20　， I can take courses to treat my illness， but I’d rather spend that time on something I 　21　， like looking at birds.I get such a 　22　 identifying them.
　　　23　 my face blindness， I’ve learnt to see the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者发现自己有严重的脸盲症以后生活发生的变化以及作者对这件事态度的转变。
9.A.excited　　　　　　 B.surprised
C.frightened　 D.pleased
解析：B　根据下文作者的提问Aren’t you supposed to be in London？可知，作者对于看到明明已经离开这个城市去伦敦的 Sandy 这件事情感到很意外。
10.A.stared at　 B.thought of
C.got away from　 D.reached out for
解析：A　根据上下文可知，Sandy应该是盯着作者说话。
11.A.disaster　 B.accident
C.discovery　 D.expectation
解析：C　根据上文I then found out that I have a rare disease — face blindness.可知，因为“我”发现自己有脸盲症，所以“我”去看了医生。选项中和 found out 意思最接近的是discovery。
12.A.However　 B.Somehow
C.Anyway　 D.Moreover
解析：C　根据上下文可知，作者对于这件事情不是很在乎，反正其他人也不关心自己是否有脸盲症。
13.A.illness　 B.growth
C.face　 D.brain
解析：D　根据常识可知，脸盲症是一种认不清人的脸、对别人的脸型失去辨认能力的一种病，可以推断它是和大脑有关的。
14.A.promising　 B.popular
C.cheap　 D.comfortable
解析：A　根据上文的关键词 nothing 可知，脸盲症目前没有特别好的治疗方式。promising有前途的；有希望的。
15.A.unconcerned　 B.impatient
C.desperate　 D.annoyed
解析：C　根据上文After a sad goodbye， I fled in tears.可知，作者应该是很绝望的。
16.A.tip　 B.question
C.explanation　 D.warning
解析：A　根据上文Dad gave me some important advice可知，本空所表达的含义是“建议”。
17.A.hesitated　 B.smiled
C.panicked　 D.waited
解析：B　根据下文If they smiled， I stopped to chat.可知，作者会对望向自己方向的人报以微笑，如果对方也笑了，他就会停下来和对方聊天。
18.A.students　 B.strangers
C.colleagues　 D.patients
解析：B　根据上文作者在校园里和他人聊天的方式可知，对方不一定是作者认识的，所以作者应该是很擅长和陌生人聊天。
19.A.invite　 B.trust
C.greet　 D.recognise
解析：D　根据上文可知，作者有脸盲症，所以生日会上的很多朋友他都不能够认出。
20.A.Eventually　 B.Fortunately
C.Actually　 D.Hopefully
解析：C　根据下文可知，实际上，作者是可以通过参加课程的方式治疗脸盲症的，但是他并没有，而是把时间花在了自己喜欢的事情上面。
21.A.remember　 B.ignore
C.miss　 D.enjoy
解析：D　根据上文的would rather 可知，作者应该是宁愿把时间花在自己喜欢的事情上。
22.A.chance　 B.thrill
C.shock　 D.trouble
解析：B　根据上句可知，作者在认出鸟的种类时很激动。
23.A.According to　 B.Regardless of
C.In fear of　 D.Thanks to
解析：D　根据下文I’ve learnt to see the world可知，脸盲症对于作者来说是一件好事情。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　日益严重的塑料污染对海洋环境造成了巨大的破坏，你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则标题为Stop Plastic Pollution， Protect the Sea的倡议书，内容包括：
　　1.目前的严重现状；
　　2.拒绝使用一次性塑料制品；
　　3.呼吁和动员。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Stop Plastic Pollution， Protect the Sea
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Stop Plastic Pollution， Protect the Sea
　　As is known to all， plastic pollution is becoming so serious that our seas have been greatly damaged.It is reported that those microplastics have come to our dinner table together with the seafood we eat.What a tragic fact！
　　It’s high time that we took effective measures to improve the situation.What we need to do is simple — stop using all single-use plastic products， such as plastic bags， plastic cups， and plastic tableware.Instead， we should practice the 3Rs： Reduce， Reuse， and Recycle.
　　The sea provides countless benefits for the Earth and all the creatures on it.Let’s take action to protect it for you， for me， and for our planet！
　The Students’ Union
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Last March， Margarito drove to visit his mother who lived in the countryside.When he set off for home， Margarito’s mother looked at the dark sky and noticed the sign of a coming storm.Worried about her son’s safety， she told him to drive as carefully as possible on his way home and he promised to give her a call upon his arrival.
　　With his mother’s words in mind， Margarito approached the main road carefully.Soon， it started to rain heavily.Eager to get home， Margarito began to drive faster.Two hours later， he came to a bumpy mountain road that had been flooded by a creek （小溪）.Margarito， driving a four-wheel drive truck， figured that he would be OK.At that moment， he didn’t realise that such a thought would be a big mistake.
　　It was halfway across the creek that an unfortunate incident took place： The rushing waters grabbed hold of his vehicle， pushing it off the road and sending it down a rocky creek bed.The truck finally stopped some 80 feet away.Margarito’s problems only grew from there as the water had somehow positioned the truck into the creek bank at a 45-degree angle， making it difficult for him to open the driver’s side door.Injured and trapped inside with the muddy water rising quickly， Margarito was certain he was going to die.Shaking with fear， he was at a loss about what to do.
　　On the road right behind Margarito were a delivery worker named Steve and his nephew Mike， who were on the way to deliver furniture to customers in the countryside.They witnessed the horrible incident， and when Margarito’s truck came to rest in the middle of the overflowing creek， Steve quickly began to take action.First， he grabbed a rope from the back of his vehicle and used it to ensure he could safely approach the truck.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Next， he turned to Mike and yelled，“Give me a rock！”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang.　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Next， he turned to Mike and yelled，“Give me a rock！” With the rock， he hit the window over and over but had little success.Steve then shouted to Margarito to move away from the window.He balanced himself on the truck， leaned back and threw the rock at the window.Finally， the glass broke and Steve kicked in the remaining pieces of glass.Relieved， Margarito reached out for Steve’s hand and was rescued.The two men escaped and returned to safety.
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang.With trembling hands， Margarito took out the phone and pressed it to his ear.His mother’s anxious voice came over the phone，“Are you home yet？ Everything’s good？” Tears welled up in his eyes at the familiar sound of concern.Margarito choked up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her.Hanging up the phone， he turned to Steve and Mike and sincerely thanked both of them.Cold as the rain was， great warmth filled his heart like never before.
21 / 21UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
With every drop of water you drink， every breath you take， you’re connected to the sea.No matter where on the earth you live.　—Sylvia Earle 不管你住在地球的哪个地方，你喝下的每一滴水，呼吸的每一口空气，都与大海紧密相连。　 ——西尔维娅·厄尔 There is one spectacle grander than the sea， that is the sky； there is one spectacle grander than the sky， that is the interior of the soul.　—Victor Hugo 有一种景象比大海更壮观，那就是天空； 有一种景象比天空更壮观，那就是人的灵魂深处。　 ——维克多·雨果
The ocean stirs the heart， inspires the imagination and brings eternal joy to the soul. 　—Robert Wylan 海洋震撼内心，激发想象力，给灵魂带来永恒的快乐。 　——罗伯特·怀兰 We have salt in our blood， in our sweat， in our tears.We are tied to the ocean. 　—John Kennedy 我们的血液、汗水和泪水中都含有盐分。我们与海洋紧密相连。 　——约翰·肯尼迪
1 / 2Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
　　Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.[1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo’s tales② inspired European explorers to③ search for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants④ and explorers from the East set sail⑤ from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
　　In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to⑥ India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑦ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑧ Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）.[2]Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑨ trade deals，which also led to more awareness⑩ of each other’s cultures.Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
　　[1]动词不定式短语To complete the great map of the world作主语。
　　[2]which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold，silk，and spices .[3]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
　　To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.[4]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative .[5]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
　　[3]Although引导让步状语从句。
　　[4]过去分词短语travelled by Zheng He作后置定语，修饰routes。
　　[5]动词不定式短语to encourage cooperation and trade作表语。
　　China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore.[6]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.From a scientific point of view ， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
　　[7]Hundreds of years on ， and with the latest technology in hand ， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
　　[6]动词不定式短语to explore the Arctic作目的状语。
　　[7]with the latest technology in hand是“with＋名词＋介词短语”的复合结构。
【读文清障】
①curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
②tale n.故事；叙述
③inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
④merchant n.商人；批发商
adj.海上货运的
⑤set sail起航；开航
⑥find one’s way to ...找到正确的路（去某处）
⑦extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
⑧centre around 以……为中心
⑨negotiate vt.商定；达成（协商） vi.谈判；磋商；协商
⑩awareness n.知道；认识；意识；兴趣
fleet n.舰队；机群；车队
behold vt.看；看见
a sight to behold壮观的景象
league n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛
in a league of one’s own独领风骚
royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
in return for 作为对……的回报
spice n.（调味）香料
withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离
withdraw from退出；撤回
channel n.航道；海峡；频道
revisit vt.重提；重游；再访；再次讨论
maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的
initiative n.倡议；新方案
bond n.纽带；关系
vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
for the benefit of为了……的利益
from a ...point of view从一个……的角度来看
hundreds of years on数百年后
in hand 在手头；可供使用
enhance vt.提高；加强；增进
【参考译文】
跨海越洋
　　贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
　　在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
　　后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋，开展贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从南中国海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
　　今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
　　中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
　　数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1　 A.The sea exploration in ancient China.
Part 2　 B.The sea exploration in the future.
Part 3　　 C.The reasons to explore other places.
Part 4　 D.The sea exploration in today’s China.
答案：Parts 1－4　CADB
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
It’s about 　the reasons， history and future of China’s exploring the sea　.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Who was （were） the earliest explorer（s） of the Western Ocean？（　　）
A.Marco Polo. B.Christopher Columbus.
C.European explorers. D.Brave merchants.
2.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes to China in order to 　　　　.（　　）
A.make money B.stop the war
C.show their friendship D.award the ambassador
3.In Du Huan’s book Record of My Travels， you can learn about 　　　　.（　　）
A.Marco Polo B.many foreign countries
C.Christopher Columbus D.ways to make silk
4.What can we infer from the text？（　　）
A.Columbus’ exploration was stopped for economic reasons.
B.No accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed before Zheng He.
C.China will have more expeditions across the sea far into the future.
D.The giraffe was an animal that could not be found in China in the Ming Dynasty.
答案：1－4　DCBC
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the route of the Silk Road.
　In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the route of Zheng He’s voyages.
　Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.　
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the aim of the Belt and Road Initiative.
　The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.How did Marco Polo change the world？
　Marco Polo changed the world by his tales about his travels from Venice to the court of Kublai Khan in China.His account of his journeys inspired other adventurers， such as the explorer Christopher Columbus， who always carried a copy of Polo’s book.　
2.What do you know about the Belt and Road Initiative？
　China’s “Belt and Road Initiative （BRI）” is a planned multitrillion-dollar infrastructure program that is intended to link China with more than 100 countries through railroad， shipping and energy projects.The BRI will recreate the Silk Road，an old network of trading routes between the East and the West， by investing large sums of money into other countries to build such infrastructure projects.The “belt” will consist of land routes connecting economies in Asia， Africa and Europe.The “road” — while not actually a road — will connect various ocean routes through these areas.　
3.Why should we explore the ocean？
　Exploring the ocean is the key to increasing our understanding of the ocean， so we can more effectively manage， conserve， regulate， and use ocean resources that are vital to our economy and to all of our lives.Ocean exploration is about making discoveries， searching for things that are unusual and unexpected.Through ocean exploration， we collect data and information needed to address both current and emerging science and management needs.　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
句式分析 该句是一个主系表结构的简单句。To complete the great map of the world为　动词不定式短语　作主语。
自主翻译 　在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。　
2.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.
句式分析 该句为主从复合句。主干部分是silk from China found its way，为主谓宾结构；what 引导　宾语　从句，作介词along的　宾语　。
自主翻译 　在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。　
3.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
句式分析 该句为复合句。　which　引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
自主翻译 　中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。　
核心词汇集释
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
【教材原句】　A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）. 以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
【用法】
（1）extend ...to　　　　延长到 extend ...by　　延长了 extend sth to sb　　向某人提供/给予某物 （2）extension n.　　延长；扩大
【佳句】　I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers， parents and families， who have done so much for us over the years.　（感谢信）
我要向所有的老师、父母和家人表示感谢，这些年来为我们付出了很多。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①In addition， the Yangtze River， 　extending　 （extend） as long as about 6，300 kilometers， can provide different kinds of splendid landscapes for visitors.
【写美】　完成句子
②Even if he is in trouble，he will 　extend his helping hand to me.So I would like to 　extend my heartfelt gratitude to him　.
即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
negotiate vt.商定；达成（协议） vi.谈判；磋商；协商
【教材原句】　Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。
【用法】
（1）negotiate with sb for/about sth ＝negotiate sth with sb　与某人商议/谈判某事 negotiate an agreement/a contract　　商定一份协议/合同 （2）negotiation n.　　谈判 negotiator n.　　谈判者
【佳句】　Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn to how negotiate and cooperate with fellow students.
参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与同学进行协商与合作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The two sides have yet to show their willingness 　to negotiate　 （negotiate）.
②（2022·全国甲卷）Nowadays countries all over the world have entered into 　negotiations　 （negotiate） with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
【写美】　完成句子
③Why don’t you 　negotiate directly with him　 and solve this issue once and for all？
您为什么不直接与他进行协商，一劳永逸地解决这个问题？
withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离；从银行账户等提（款）；取（钱）
【教材原句】　Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries. 尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
【用法】
withdraw sb/sth （from sth）　收回/取回/撤回某人/某物 从市场撤回某物
【佳句】　①She withdrew all her savings and left the country.她把全部存款取出后离开了那个国家。
②I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.我要求你必须立刻收回那些过头的话。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A knee injury forced her 　to withdraw　 （withdraw） from the competition.
【写美】　完成句子
②Ellen was a painter of birds and nature，who，for some reason， 　had withdrawn from　 contemporary society. 艾伦是一个画鸟和大自然的画家，由于某种原因，她从当下的社会中隐退了。
in hand在手头；可供使用
【教材原句】　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
【用法】
at hand　　　　　在手边；在附近 at first hand 　　第一手；亲自 by hand 　　用手工 hand in hand 　　手拉手
【佳句】　Having enough data in hand， the merchant began to exploit the market as scheduled.
手头有了足够的数据，这个商人开始按计划开拓市场。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To make it easier to get in touch with us， you’d better keep this card 　at　 hand.
【写美】　完成句子
②As the old saying goes，“Success and failure always 　go hand in hand　”.
俗话说：“成功与失败如影随形。”
③The washing machine was broken， so 　we had to wash our clothes by hand　.
洗衣机坏了，所以我们不得不用手洗衣服。
重点句型解构
句型公式：what引导的宾语从句
【教材原句】　In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
【用法】
（1）what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。 （2）what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的事物”。
【品悟】　A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted， but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.
来自陌生人的一碗面条让我觉得很感激，但我从来没有感谢过妈妈为我所做的一切。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①What we can’t get 　seems better than what we have　.
我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
②Choosing the right dictionary depends on 　what you want to use it for　.
选择合适的词典取决于你想用它做什么。
③A tall building arose in a place which was wasteland.
→A tall building arose in 　what was wasteland　.（what引导的宾语从句）
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
【用法】
with复合结构在句中作状语，主要构成如下： with＋名词＋
【品悟】　①On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心里七上八下。
②With house/housing prices going up so fast， we can’t afford one at all.
由于房价上涨如此之快，我们根本买不起房子。
【写美】　完成句子
①Soon the tea room became lively 　with every international student trying to make their own tea　.
很快，茶室变得热闹起来，每个国际学生都试着自己泡茶。
②　With her bike stolen　， she had to go home on foot.
由于自行车被盗，她不得不步行回家。
③　With no one to talk to　， John felt very lonely.
由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到非常孤独。
④The murderer was brought in， 　with his hands tied behind his back　.
凶手被带了进来，双手被反绑在背后。
维度一：品句填词
1.Located between Great Britain and the mainland of Europe， English 　Channel　 （海峡） plays an important role in both military and economic affairs.
2.To our happiness， our school sponsored a football 　league　 （联赛） in association with another three schools.
3.The trade agreement helped to strengthen the 　bonds　 （关系） between the two countries.
4.The beauty of the mountain village is a pleasure to 　behold　 （看见）.
5.Most Chinese people like the fairy tale　 of The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid， which dates back to the Han Dynasty.
6.Zheng He， with his fleets　， came across the Indian Ocean， and arrived at the east coast of Africa.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.I think that we should get fully prepared for this 　negotiation　 （negotiate）， which is important for our company.
2.If you experience any unusual symptoms after 　withdrawal　 （withdraw） of the treatment， then contact your doctor.
3.In thirty years from now the United States should have a 　manned　 （man） spacecraft on Mars.
4.Looking back on my senior high school days， I have a 　mixed　 （mix） feeling of happiness and sadness.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.In the end， we took a group photo， 　with cups of tea in our hands　， to record this unforgettable experience.（with复合结构）
最后，我们拍了一张合影，手里端着茶杯，记录了这次难忘的经历。
2.The party ended up 　as expected　， smoothly and joyfully.（as）
派对如期望的那样顺利而愉快地结束了。
3.So， 　there is no need to feel depressed/frustrated.You can get improved by doing the following things.（there is）
所以，没有必要感到沮丧。你可以通过做以下事情来提高自己。
4.In this field， the high-tech company is 　in a league of its own　.（league）
在这个领域，这家高科技公司独树一帜。
5.Our teachers always tell us to 　believe in what we do　 and who we are if we want to succeed.（what）
老师们总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情和我们自己。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.1.　Merchants　 （merchant） and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
　　In ancient times， silk from China found 2.　its　 （it） way along what became known as the Silk Road，3.　extending　 （extend） along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon.Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，4.　which　 also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
　　Later，the Ming Dynasty sent seven large 5.　fleets　 （fleet） to sail west on voyages of trade and exploration.Under 6.　the　 command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.Although China withdrew 7.　from　 further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
　　To reach out across the sea 8.　remains　 （remain） a strong desire today.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and 9.　strengthen　 （strength） the bonds between China and the rest of the world. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes.China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China 10.　to reach　 （reach） out across the sea far into the future.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·宁波高二下期末）A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16 March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea submarines （潜水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些科学家将潜入印度洋1，000米的深处，探索人类活动对海洋的影响。
1.What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A.To protect the sea.
B.To explore seamounts.
C.To discover new species.
D.To research ocean animals.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Nekton是一个海洋研究小组，其根本目的是保护海洋。
2.What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？（　　）
A.It’s complete dark. B.There are some lights.
C.It’s 11，000 meters deep. D.There are no plants or animals.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然海底1，000米深处自然光无法到达，但是一些海洋动物自身会发光。
3.What can we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A.It will be used for the first time.
B.It met with some failure last year.
C.It can take people to travel around the world.
D.It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，这种潜水艇可以潜入到海底接近11，000米的深处。
4.What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A.How new species live in the ocean.
B.How human activities affect the sea.
C.What makes life possible under the sea.
D.What effects the ocean has on Earth.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家的主要目的是发现新的海洋生物，同时了解人类活动（塑料污染及气候变化）对海洋环境的影响。
B
　　（2024·厦门高二下质检）Somewhere between 40，000 and 110，000 tons of plastic waste produced by Americans ends up in the ocean， according to a study published in the journal Science.
　　It’s difficult to point out where all that waste comes from， and researchers think that much or most of it probably comes from the nation’s seriously-populated coasts. But there’s also evidence that the nation’s inland （内陆的） waterways serve as a passage for plastic to travel thousands of miles into the oceans.
　　While researchers have documented plastics and other human trash floating in the world’s oceans， there’s been relatively little attention paid to plastic in rivers， streams and lakes. “To my knowledge， no one has studied particular routes， with the exception of places like L.A. and Baltimore Harbor where there are measures in place to prevent trash in rivers from entering the ocean，” said Kara Lavender Law， an oceanographer.
　　The few studies that exist， however， suggest that it may be a huge problem. A 2011 study of two southern California urban rivers — including Santa Ana River — found that every square meter of water contained from 125 to 819 pieces larger than 4.75 millimeters. A 2013 survey of the Meuse River， which flows 575 miles through France， Belgium and the Netherlands to the North Sea， found that it contained 70，000 pieces of plastic per square meter of water， about 500 of which were roughly an inch or bigger in size.
　　If there’s anything positive in this， it’s that you can do something， at least on a personal level， to reduce the amount of plastic that goes into the oceans. “Put trash and recycling where it goes，” said Jenna Jambeck， an associate professor of environmental engineering at the University of Georgia. “Use reusable items — bags， cups and bottles — to reduce waste.”
　　Finally， Jambeck urges people to pick up litter along waterways， and record it with a phone app called the Marine Debris Tracker. The data you provide can help scientists to get a better handle on the trash problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：大量塑料废弃物通过内陆水道进入海洋，对海洋造成严重的污染。我们应当从身边的小事做起，减少垃圾制造量，为减轻海洋污染做力所能及的事情。
5.Which of the following places might be least polluted？（　　）
A.Meuse River.　　　 B.The North Sea.
C.Baltimore Harbor.　 D.Santa Ana River.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的places like L.A. and Baltimore Harbor where there are measures in place to prevent trash in rivers from entering the ocean可知，巴尔的摩海港采取了防止河流中的垃圾汇入海洋的措施。由此可推知，巴尔的摩海港的污染应当不严重。其他三个地方都是文中提到的重污染区。
6.How does the author prove that plastic in rivers is a huge problem？（　　）
A.By listing numbers. B.By making comparisons.
C.By following time order. D.By referring to experts’ views.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者主要使用了列数据的手法来证明内陆的河流、湖泊中塑料废弃物太多这一问题的严重性。
7.What might Jenna Jambeck advise us to do？（　　）
A.Stay positive about the ocean’s future.
B.Reuse plastic items as much as we can.
C.Reduce the size of waste we throw away.
D.Start from small things to deal with waste.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Jenna Jambeck所说的话可知，他认为我们可以在日常生活中做一些力所能及的事情，比如分类投放垃圾、使用可重复使用的物品以减少垃圾。由此可推知，他会建议我们从身边的小事做起，为减少垃圾做力所能及的事情。
8.By using the Marine Debris Tracker， we can 　　　　.（　　）
A.recycle some wasted items
B.provide data for scientists to use
C.call on more people to pick up litter
D.make picking up litter a daily routine
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，通过使用Marine Debris Tracker这一手机应用软件，我们可以记录自己沿水路捡垃圾的情况，而我们提供的这些数据将帮助科学家更好地应对垃圾问题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·日照高二下月考）The key to success is to work from your greatest strengths， with passion， in the service of purpose.
　　Doing what you’re best at ensures that you’re working efficiently.Being passionate about what you do means that you’ll work hard at it.And serving a purpose means that you’re contributing and making a real difference in others’ lives.9.（　　）
　　I believe that everyone can find an area where the circles of passion， purpose， talent， and need overlap（重叠）.The best place to start is with purpose by listening to your heart.Once you know that， then move on to passion and talent — each of these will likely contain many possibilities.10.（　　） List them out for each category.Then reflect on possible areas of overlap between purpose， passion， and talent.
　　When you find the area of overlap between purpose， passion， and talent， the need area tends to be fairly easy to fulfill.11.（　　） Here’s another way of thinking about it：
　　Need＝what you must do
　　Talent＝what you can do
　　Passion＝what you love to do
　　Purpose＝what you should do
　　12.（　　） How many times have you heard people telling you，“You can’t make money （need） doing what you love （passion）？”
　　13.（　　） I believe that everyone can find a path on which all four of these areas are in harmony.You can find a way to work from your greatest strengths， doing what you love to do， in the service of purpose， and taking care of all your basic needs.
A.It’s completely wrong.
B.It takes time to reach your goal.
C.You must find what you are interested in.
D.The first three areas will suggest potential careers.
E.Many people see these four areas as naturally in conflict.
F.When you do all three， you’re contributing the maximum value you possibly can.
G.There’re probably several things you love to do and several things you can become really good at.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了几条帮助我们获得成功的建议。
9.F　上文提到了三点建议：做自己最擅长的事、热爱自己所做的事、有明确的目标，因此F项（当你做到这三点，你就能将个人的价值最大化）符合语境。
10.G　空前一句建议我们找到自己的热情与特长，空后一句建议我们将它们一一列举出来，因此G项（你的热情与特长可能不止一项）承上启下，符合语境。
11.D　上文提到当我们找到目标、热情和能力三者之间的重合部分，则需求部分就很容易满足了。因此D项（前三者就可以帮你提供职业方向）符合语境。
12.E　上文提到了Need、 Talent、 Passion、 Purpose四个要素，因此E项（许多人认为这四者之间有冲突）符合语境。
13.A　上文提到一种常见的说法：你无法通过做自己喜欢的事来赚钱。下文作者表明自己的观点：这四者完全可以和谐并存。因此A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·安徽六校高二下联考）I’ve just read an interesting article. It says children of 　14　 mothers are less likely to stick to traditional roles of male 　15　 and female homemakers. Kids whose mothers have jobs 　16　 have a better chance of success later in life.
　　When I was five， illness 　17　 me of my father. To support my family， my mum 　18　 a full-time job， which included long days. She 　19　 my two sisters and me on her own. My mum always tells me， “Being 　20　 is important. Why？ Because if you can organise your own life and make your own decisions， you can 　21　 almost anything.” At 15， I got my first part-time job； later I 　22　 three more. As I got older， I realised the 　23　 of depending on myself and the amazing feeling I had when I 　24　 to get things I wanted by myself.
　　Watching my mother work hard， I gradually developed a 　25　 attitude to work. That was why I was able to put myself through four years of college on my own. Luckily I received a full-time job offer 　26　 before I got my degree certificate. I am 　27　 to my mum. She has given me so much love over the years and is the greatest 　28　 for me.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的妈妈是一名职业女性，在她的影响下，作者形成了积极的工作态度。
14.A.working　 B.thinking
C.single　 D.reliable
解析：A　根据下文Kids whose mothers have jobs可知，此处指有工作的妈妈。
15.A.peacemakers　 B.breadwinners
C.hosts　 D.successes
解析：B　根据上文traditional roles of male可知，传统的认知是男性要养家糊口。
16.A.absolutely　 B.constantly
C.probably　 D.fortunately
解析：C　上句话用了likely，此处指有工作的母亲的孩子在以后的生活中可能有更多成功的机会。
17.A.informed　 B.convinced
C.reminded　 D.robbed
解析：D　根据上文illness可知，疾病夺走了作者父亲的生命。
18.A.landed　 B.refused
C.offered　 D.abandoned
解析：A　根据下文a full-time job可知，作者的妈妈找了一份全职工作。land意为“得到”。
19.A.dressed　 B.raised
C.educated　 D.influenced
解析：B　根据下文my two sisters and me on her own可知，作者的妈妈独自抚养作者和两个妹妹。
20.A.independent　 B.confident
C.intelligent　 D.consistent
解析：A　根据下文可知，此处指作者的妈妈告诉作者独立很重要。
21.A.ignore　 B.bear
C.attain　 D.transform
解析：C　根据上文可知，如果你能管理自己的生活，作出自己的决定，你几乎就可以获得任何东西。
22.A.got back　 B.got through
C.took over　 D.took on
解析：D　根据上下文可知，作者接受了三份工作。
23.A.secret　 B.beauty
C.difficulty　 D.possibility
解析：B　根据下文可知，作者慢慢意识到了依靠自己的好处。
24.A.intended　 B.struggled
C.managed　 D.prepared
解析：C　根据下文to get things I wanted by myself可知，作者设法得到了自己想要的东西。manage to do sth为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。
25.A.complex　 B.relaxed
C.general　 D.positive
解析：D　根据上文可知，作者受母亲影响，形成了积极的工作态度。
26.A.yet　 B.still
C.even　 D.again
解析：C　根据下文可知，作者甚至在拿到学位证书之前，就得到了一份全职工作。
27.A.faithful　 B.close
C.subject　 D.grateful
解析：D　根据下文She has given me so much love over the years可知，作者很感激自己的妈妈。
28.A.model　 B.playmate
C.director　 D.boss
解析：A　根据上文可知，作者的母亲是作者最好的榜样。
15 / 15单元质量检测（三）　SEA EXPLORATION
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When do the speakers plan to get to the sports meet？（　　）
A.At 7：45.　 B.At 8：00.　　C.At 8：15.
2.What does the woman want from the store？（　　）
A.Cookies.　 B.Milk.　　C.Peanut butter.
3.What are the speakers talking about？（　　）
A.A CD by Johnny Holden.
B.A present for Molly.
C.A famous musician.
4.Why does the man suggest the Fairmont Hotel？（　　）
A.For its price.
B.For its location.
C.For its size.
5.What is the man doing？（　　）
A.Waiting for a call.
B.Calling his neighbour.
C.Opening a window.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where is the man’s mother now？（　　）
A.In the hospital.
B.At home.
C.At school.
7.Why does the man ask a week off？（　　）
A.To have an operation.
B.To do some cleaning.
C.To look after his mother.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.How does Tina look now？（　　）
A.Excited.　 B.Upset.　　C.Calm.
9.Why didn’t the woman take part in the competition？（　　）
A.She wasn’t feeling well.
B.She didn’t feel like going.
C.She couldn’t afford the time.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What is the man’s requirement？（　　）
A.Going to the swimming pool.
B.Making a phone call.
C.Changing the room.
11.What is the man’s problem？（　　）
A.He can’t go to sleep.
B.He’s afraid to take the elevator.
C.He has difficulty climbing the stairs.
12.What will the woman do？（　　）
A.Check a room.
B.Tell the doorman to help the man.
C.Send the man’s wife to the hospital.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Why did Tim do a project on “How to Lead a Greener Life”？（　　）
A.To find more information for his science lessons.
B.To do something to help the environment.
C.To get his family interested in the project.
14.How does Tim go to school now？（　　）
A.By car.　 B.By bus.　　C.By bike.
15.What advice is Tim going to give his teachers？（　　）
A.Ask students to hand in their homework electronically.
B.Request students to recycle school paper.
C.Make students use both sides of paper.
16.What does Tim think the school cafeteria should do？（　　）
A.Use local produce.
B.Have meatless Mondays.
C.Stop selling bottled drinks.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What classes can visitors take in Bali according to the speaker？（　　）
A.Diving.　 B.Swimming.　　C.Fishing.
18.Why do some scientists come to Bali？（　　）
A.To study volcanoes.
B.To study the sea creatures.
C.To study traditional artworks.
19.What do most people of Bali do？（　　）
A.Work in tourism.
B.Do agricultural work.
C.Make special clothes.
20.What does the speaker think is good to do during Chinese New Year？（　　）
A.Drink traditional coffee.
B.Do some shopping.
C.Visit ancient Chinese buildings.
答案：1－5　ACBBA　6－10　ACABC 11－15　ABBCA　　16－20　CAABC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：The sports meet starts at 8：00.
M：In order to get a good seat， we must arrive there fifteen minutes in advance.
（Text 2）
W：Will you grab some peanut butter from the store， please？ I want to make some cookies later.
M：Sure thing， honey. I’ll grab some when I get coffee later.I think we’re running low on milk， too.
（Text 3）
M：Did you get a present for Molly’s birthday？
W：Yes.You know she loves to listen to Johnny Holden — she’s got all his CDs — so when I saw this book all about his life， I knew that was the perfect present for her.
（Text 4）
W：I’m looking for a place to have my client’s art show.We are really hoping to attract a large audience.
M：You should try the Fairmont Hotel.It’s expensive to rent， but it’s also right by the subway.It’s super convenient.
（Text 5）
M：Was the telephone ringing？
W：I didn’t hear anything.Sometimes when the windows are open， you can hear the neighbours’ phone ringing.
M：Well.I’m expecting an important phone call， and I don’t want to miss it.
（Text 6）
W：How is your mother feeling these days？
M：Much better， thanks， Ms Wang. The operation went smoothly and the doctor says she’ll recover in no time and she’ll probably come home at the weekend.
W：That’s wonderful.When will you come back to class？
M：I still need a week to take care of her and today I will do some cleaning for her coming home.
W：OK.Take care of your mother and yourself.The whole class are expecting you.
（Text 7）
W：Look at Tina.She looks like she’s on top of the world.
M：Yes.She must have won the English competition.
W：If she has won it， then Mark must be really sad right now.He wanted to win it so much.
M：Yes， I’m afraid Mark couldn’t even go.I met him yesterday.He told me he caught a cold.
W：I’m so sorry to hear that， poor Mark.By the way， why didn’t you take part in the competition？
M：I had no time.I had to prepare for an important exam.What about you？ Why didn’t you take part？
W：I’m just not interested in competitions.
（Text 8）
W：Hello.Front desk.
M：This is Bob Robinson.I’m calling from Room 627.
W：Hi， Mr Robinson.What can I do for you？
M：Is it possible to change to another room？
W：Could you please tell me why？
M：Our room is facing the swimming pool.It’s noisy for me.I have a problem with sleeping.And my wife feels uncomfortable when she takes the elevator.
W：So you need a quiet side room on a lower floor.
M：You’re right.
W：Okay.Let me check the first floor.
M：Thank you.
W：We have only two rooms left on the first floor.How about Room 108？
M：That’s fine.Can we move now？
W：Sure.I’ll send the doorman to help you.
M：Oh， thank you.
W：You’re welcome.
（Text 9）
W：Tim， you’re going to talk about your project on “How to Lead a Greener Life”.Why did you choose that subject？
M：Well， we’d learnt a lot about the environment in our science lessons. So， I decided to see what I could do in my own life， rather than just act completely helplessly.And I knew the rest of my family would be interested.
W：Did you find it easy to get information？
M：Yeah， I discovered there were lots of people at my age trying to be green.I’d always gone to school by car.Catching a bus would be better， but there’s no bus where we live， so I’ve gone for riding my bike to school now.
W：OK， and what about being green once you’re actually at school？
M：Well， I realised that although all school paper was recycled and most of my friends use both sides of paper， we use huge quantities， and I thought we should cut down. And then it came to me that we should be handing in most of our homework electronically.I’m going to recommend it to our teachers.
W：And what about the school cafeteria？
M：One school I’ve read about has meatless Mondays.It’s good to use local produce， too.That’s something our school already does.But we still have machines with bottled milk， water and juices for sale， and I think we shouldn’t have them.
（Text 10）
W：One destination that is becoming popular with Chinese tourists is Bali.It is a beautiful island of Indonesia.There is a rainy season that is perfect for swimming.One of the main attractions is Bali’s diverse sea life.There are some creatures that don’t exist anywhere else in the world. Visitors who don’t know how to dive can take classes while they’re on vacation there.The island is also home to several active volcanoes.Many scientific groups come to study them.Even though tourism is on the rise， most of the population still works in agriculture and the fishing industry.Bali also has many traditional artworks.Some popular products for sale include clothing with special designs， wood sculptures， and organic coffee.A great time to visit the island is during one of its many festivals.Since ancient times， the culture of Bali has had a lot of influence from Chinese culture.Chinese New Year is widely celebrated by Indonesians who are of Chinese origin.The island of Bali has many ancient Chinese buildings that are especially good to visit during the holiday.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Known as the “Orlando of China”， the Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is the world’s largest ocean-theme fairyland.The following are four theme areas and some necessary information.
　　Ocean Avenue
　　Behind the giant Manta Ray sculpture， it is a giant LED screen showing various animals in the deep sea world， and the avenue is lined with shops for visitors to eat or buy souvenirs.
　　
Ocean Wonders
　　The Whale Shark Aquarium is here.You can also watch a colourful sea world with thousands of rare fishes， especially the Whale Shark and Manta Rays.Besides， you can have an amazing adventure of the deep ocean.
　　Hengqin Ocean
　　Most of the large-scale performances are held in and around the Hengqin Ocean.Visitors can enjoy the Musical Fountain， Chimelong Ocean Parade， Ocean Resistance ...
　　Walrus Hill
　　Visitors can see cute walrus and a lot of marine birds in the Sea Bird Paradise.Children can also enjoy a mysterious castle adventure with their parents in the Sand Castle.In addition， Mountain Dew Sailing and Jungle Roller Coasters are also must-try adventures in Walrus Hill.
　　Food and drinks
　　Among 7 theme restaurants， the Undersea Restaurant is the must-try one.The underwater restaurant is connected to the Whale Shark Aquarium， where visitors can enjoy delicious food while viewing rare marine animals through the glass viewing screen.
　　Tickets
Ticket type Regular Weekend， pubic holiday， July & August
Adult 1-day CNY 395 CNY 450
2-day CNY 595 CNY 675
Child （1－1.5 m or aged between 3－11） 1-day CNY 280 CNY 315
2-day CNY 415 CNY 475
A child under 1 meter （3.3 feet） or aged below 3 can enter for free when accompanied by an adult.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。珠海长隆海洋王国位于广东省珠海市横琴新区，是全球最大的海洋主题公园。
21.What can we learn about Ocean Wonders？（　　）
A.You can buy souvenirs there. B.It is in the center of the kingdom.
C.You can have a castle adventure there. D.It’s near to the Undersea Restaurant.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据Ocean Wonders部分和Food and drinks部分可知，鲸鲨馆位于Ocean Wonders，而著名的海底餐厅跟这里的鲸鲨馆相连。
22.Which would be the best choice if you plan to watch wonderful programmes？（　　）
A.Ocean Avenue.　　　 B.Ocean Wonders.
C.Hengqin Ocean.　 D.Walrus Hill.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据Hengqin Ocean部分可知，大型的演出通常在这里举行。
23.How much should a couple with a 5-year-old boy pay for a two-day trip in July？（　　）
A.CNY 1，350.　 B.CNY 1，605.
C.CNY 1，825.　 D.CNY 2，055.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据Tickets部分可知，在七、八月份，一个成年人两天的票价是675元，一个3到11岁孩子的票价是475元。因此一对夫妇和一个5岁男孩的票价共需1，825元。
B
　　An associate university professor in Florida has completed his research mission and set a new world record in the process： living 100 days beneath the ocean’s surface.
　　On Friday morning， Dr Joseph Dituri felt the sun’s rays for the first time since he began the project 22 feet below the waters of Key Largo， Florida， on 1 March.
　　Dituri， 55， a biomedical engineer who teaches at the University of South Florida and calls himself “Dr Deep Sea”， spent just over three months at the bottom of the Emerald Lagoon in Jules’ Undersea Lodge， the only underwater hotel in the United States.
　　The research project， Project Neptune 100， was organised by the Key Largo-based Marine Resources Development Foundation and focused on ocean conservation research and studying how high pressure affects the human body.
　　The US Navy veteran said he’s already noticed one impact： The water pressure seems to have shrunken his stature by half an inch.Dituri stood at 6 feet 1 inch tall before starting his mission， the University of South Florida stated in a news release.
　　The scientist began the project with a belief that increased pressure could help humans live longer and prevent aging-related diseases， the news release said.Dituri said he hopes his underwater research will benefit the treatment of a variety of illnesses， including traumatic brain injuries.
　　Dituri also used the project as an educational experience for youth.“We have interacted with thousands of school children to get them interested in science， technology， engineering and maths，” Dituri told Guinness World Records on 8 June.While underwater， he continued teaching his college students virtually.
　　Dituri broke the Guinness World Record for longest time living underwater at the 74-day mark of his project， on 13 May.The previous record stood at 73 days， two hours and 34 minutes， set at the same location at Dituri’s successful attempt.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。美国佛罗里达州大学副教授Joseph Dituri最近在完成科研任务的同时，创造了一项新的世界纪录——在海底生活长达100天。
24.When did Dr Joseph Dituri probably return to the surface？（　　）
A.On May 9.　 B.On May 19.
C.On June 9.　 D.On June 19.
解析：C　数字计算题。根据第一、二段可知，Joseph Dituri博士是在3月1日开始他的项目进入海底的，然后在海底生活长达100天。由此可知，他浮出水面的时间应该是6月9日。
25.Why did Dr Joseph Dituri’s take part in the project？（　　）
A.To challenge his limits. B.To inspire young people.
C.For scientific research. D.For personal enthusiasm.
解析：C　细节理解题。根最第四段可知，Project Neptune 100是一个研究项目，它主要专注于海洋保护并研究（海底）高压对人体的影响。
26.What did Dr Joseph Dituri think of living underwater？（　　）
A.It does harm to human body. B.It’s beneficial to human health.
C.It’s a very painful experience. D.It’s the same as living on the earth.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Joseph Dituri博士认为：（海底）压力的增加可以帮助人类延长寿命，预防与衰老有关的疾病。
27.What would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.What Is Living Underwater Really Like？
B.Can Humans Live Underwater for 100 Days？
C.“Dr Deep Sea” Interacts With Children Underwater
D.“Dr Deep Sea” Breaks Record for Living Underwater
解析：D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们美国佛罗里达州大学副教授Joseph Dituri最近在完成科研任务的同时，创造了一项新的世界纪录——在海底生活长达100天。因此D项为文章最佳标题。
C
Staying in on a Friday night feels like a good idea — you could really use the “alone time” after a busy week — until you get on Facebook.You see your friends having a party at that cool bar you’ve been wanting to try， then you start watching another friend’s story before they set out on an exciting road trip.
　　Suddenly， that alone time you chose doesn’t feel so good anymore.You feel like it’s boring to stay at home — you may even question the purpose of your very existence.Don’t worry， that anxiety is common — and not that new.You’re experiencing FOMO， or the fear of missing out.
　　When we are constantly comparing ourselves to people around us， it can lead to some pretty tough feelings.“FOMO is about having thoughts on missing out on opportunities which might increase our happiness，” says psychologist Aarti Gupta in California.There’s a biological explanation for why we experience FOMO.“Humans are social beings and rely on each other to survive， and being left out or not being in the know could have， once upon a time， been a matter of life or death.”
　　If you find yourself comparing yourself to others in a way that doesn’t feel productive， Gupta recommends practicing an abundance （富足） mindset：“This means remembering that there are plenty of opportunities to go around for everyone， and just because someone else found success doesn’t mean that you won’t.”
　　“I think the irony of all of it is that it’s called FOMO， the fear of missing out.But really， what it is doing is that it’s making you miss out on today and that comfortable bed that you’re in right now， or the job that you’re in right now or the relationship that you’re in right now because you’re so worried about what else is out there，” says Gupta.You can battle FOMO simply by being more fully present in and invested in the life you have today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。错失恐惧症特指那种总在担心失去或错过什么的焦虑心情，也称“局外人困境”。
28.What makes your alone time become unpleasant？（　　）
A.Having nothing to do. B.Staying at home by yourself.
C.Seeing your friends’ activities. D.Hearing your friends’ bad news.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，你本来打算好好独自享受周末，结果因为在社交媒体上看到周围朋友们的精彩生活一下子感到自己的周末索然无味。
29.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.What FOMO is. B.The reason for FOMO.
C.The outcome of FOMO. D.How to deal with FOMO.
解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要分析和解释了错失恐惧症发生的根本原因。从生物学的角度而言，错失恐惧症是我们人类基于生存目的的一种本能反应。
30.What does an abundance mindset mean？（　　）
A.Less competition. B.Less cooperation.
C.More comparison. D.Fewer opportunities.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，富足心态具体表现为：相信这个世界上人人都有成功的机会，别人的成功并不意味着自己的不成功。也就是说，这种心态带来的结果是人与人之间的竞争和攀比会少一些，合作支持会多一些。
31.What is the Aarti Gupta’s solution to FOMO？（　　）
A.Making more friends. B.Living in the here and now.
C.Engaging in more activities. D.Ignoring your surroundings.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Aarti Gupta认为，应对错失恐惧症的关键在于“活在当下”。live in the here and now是live in the present的另一种表达方式。
D
　　Drones are increasingly flying in our skies， capturing images， managing crops and soon， delivering packages.But what do the birds make of this invasion of their territory？
　　With strict animal ethics approval， we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay.We found many species were not disturbed， provided the drone was small and flew above 60 m.
　　The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews （杓鹬）， which became alarmed and flew away — even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m.But when eastern curlews took flight， other nearby species were often startled， creating a domino effect that eventually caused the whole flock to take flight.
　　Drone disturbance can interrupt birds as they rest or feed.It can even cause them to avoid some locations altogether.If the birds are consistently interrupted or scared away from their preferred habitats， they may find it difficult to eat and rest enough to survive and reproduce.This is particularly concerning for species such as eastern curlews， which migrate thousands of kilometres to breed.
　　We studied a diverse group of birds typically found along coastlines， known as shorebirds.Heartbreakingly， their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction， sea level rise， disturbance and hunting.
　　The last few decades have been bleak for the eastern curlew， which is the world’s largest migratory shorebird.Research in 2011 indicated a population decline of 80% over three generations.
　　While drones are unlikely to have played a major role in shorebird decline so far， our results， combined with the increasing presence of drones along our coastline， indicate they could become yet another source of disturbance for these birds， many of which are already endangered.
　　Drones can be beneficial in many ways， but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimise potential harm.In some locations， such as some Australian national parks， drone use is already prohibited or restricted.But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。无人机越来越多地飞行在我们的天空中，用于拍摄图像、管理作物，很快还会用于运送包裹。这些无人机的出现会对海边的鸟类产生什么影响呢？
32.What’s the problem with eastern curlews？（　　）
A.They are being killed.
B.They are being disturbed.
C.Their safety is being threatened.
D.Their habitats are being damaged.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，由于无人机的出现，濒危的海滨鸟类东部杓鹬经常受到惊吓而飞离原来的栖息地。
33.What do we learn about eastern curlews？（　　）
A.They are able to fly above 120 meters.
B.They can’t find a place to eat and rest.
C.They adapt to the environment quickly.
D.They are sensitive to their surroundings.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，如果无人机的飞行高度在60米以上，大部分鸟类不会受到影响；而东部杓鹬是一个例外——即使无人机的飞行高度达到法定的最高高度120米，它们依然会受到惊吓。这说明杓鹬对周围环境非常敏感。
34.What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean？（　　）
A.Reduced sharply.　　 B.Increased rapidly.
C.Recovered slowly.　 D.Changed gradually.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，东部杓鹬一直面临栖息地被破坏、海平面上升、各种干扰以及人类狩猎这些挑战。由此可知，它们的数量是一直在“减少”。
35.What’s the author’s final conclusion about drones？（　　）
A.They pose no threat to eastern curlews.
B.They should be forbidden near the shores.
C.They should be used under certain regulations.
D.They benefit eastern curlews in a number of ways.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为：无人机在很多方面都是有益的，但我们必须确定何时以及如何使用无人机来最大限度地减少其潜在的危害。同时，管理人员需要了解无人机是如何影响野生动物的，以便制定相关的法规来监管无人机的使用。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Living a life of simplicity can be a beautiful thing. But simplifying itself can seem like a difficult process. So I recommend simplicity in your simplifying.
　　Instead of trying to simplify your whole life， how about just simplifying one thing？ Simplifying one thing is doable. 36.（　　）
　　Simplicity is the path. You can pick one of the ideas below and carry it out today.
　　Single-task.
　　The next thing you choose to do ...do only that. Close everything else， put your phone away， and just focus on that one task. 37.（　　） When you go for a walk， have nothing to listen to or look at， other than the nature all around you. One thing at a time： wash one dish， just write， just eat.
　　Use in-between spaces as meditations （沉思）.
　　38.（　　） Enjoy this in-between space. Notice how you’re feeling， what’s around you， what you just did， what your intention is for what you’re about to do. When you’re going somewhere else， just enjoy this time fully， and don’t rush past it.
　　39.（　　）
　　Pick someone today to be with fully. Put away your phone， let go of anything else you’re thinking about， and just be with them. Listen to them. Open your heart to them. Send them your love. If you do this with one person a day， your life will become better through better relationships and connection.
　　Clear one space.
　　40.（　　） Just the amount of space that you can hug. For example， just a little space on your desk or kitchen counter. Let this be the blissful oasis of peace and simplicity that will ripple outward to the rest of your life！
A.Be kind to everyone.
B.Be fully present with someone.
C.Try your best to complete every task.
D.You don’t have to simplify everything today.
E.Find one little area in your office or home， and tidy it up.
F.If you’re reading this article， stay with it and do nothing else.
G.When you’re done with one thing， instead of rushing to the next， pause.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何简化我们的生活提供了四条建议。
36.D　上句说“只简化一件事是可行的”，故D项符合语境。
37.F　上文建议我们专注于一件事，接下来列举了一些例子，而F项正好是其中一个例子。
38.G　本段建议我们利用好两件工作或任务之间的间歇去思考，故G项符合语境。
39.B　本段建议我们全身心去陪伴一个人，故B项符合语境。
40.E　本段建议我们清理好一个空间，故E项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　In a series of original stories created with the wildlife charity WWF to tie in with Sir David Attenborough’s new documentary， we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests.
　　Oceans and forests play a vital part in 　41　 life on the earth， and Attenborough says more can be done to 　42　 them.
　　Forests are home to more than 80% of the earth’s biodiversity on 　43　.Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.Forests 　44　 play a large role in 　45　 carbon dioxide （CO2）， a gas that 　46　 climate change， from the atmosphere.
　　Oceans are 　47　 important.They cover around 70% of the 　48　 and provide more than half the atmosphere’s oxygen， which we need to 　49　.The seas are home to millions of animals and plants and are a very rich source of 　50　 for humans.
　　There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.Some of these include 　51　 or cycling instead of using a car， eating fish with healthy population numbers， not buying products that have a 　52　 effect on rainforests， such as palm oil， and 　53　 less meat.
　　Attenborough said that getting younger people to get involved with these problems is 　54　.“If they aren’t 　55　 that the natural world is important， we’re wasting our time，” he said.
　　The documentary， David Attenborough： A Life on Our Planet is on Netflix.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋和森林的重要性，以及保护它们的方法和意义等。
41.A.facing　　　　　　 B.loving
C.rescuing　 D.supporting
解析：D　根据第三段中的Forests are home to more than 80% of Earth’s biodiversity以及第四段第一句可知，海洋和森林在维持地球的生命方面起到极其重要的作用。support意为“维持，养活”。
42.A.repair　 B.improve
C.protect　 D.build
解析：C　根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests以及第五段中的There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.可知，此处应为“可以做更多来保护它们”。
43.A.deck　 B.land
C.islands　 D.bushes
解析：B　森林是在陆地上的，所以此处表示“森林是地球80%以上陆地生物多样性的家园”。
44.A.also　 B.ever
C.maybe　 D.otherwise
解析：A　上文提及森林是地球80%以上陆地生物多样性的家园，而此处提及森林在移除大气中的二氧化碳方面起到重要作用。这两个方面指的都是森林的作用，因此上下文之间为递进关系。
45.A.preventing　 B.removing
C.discouraging　 D.defending
解析：B　根据生活常识可知，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。因此是从大气中移除二氧化碳。remove ...from ...意为“从……中移除……”。
46.A.stops　 B.controls
C.limits　 D.causes
解析：D　根据生活常识可知，二氧化碳是造成气候变化的主要原因。cause意为“引起，造成”。
47.A.generally　 B.especially
C.equally　 D.frequently
解析：C　根据第二段中的Oceans and forests play ...life on the earth以及第三段提及了森林的重要性可知，此处指海洋是同样重要的。
48.A.planet　 B.satellite
C.water　 D.soil
解析：A　根据生活常识可知，海洋覆盖了地球的70%左右。
49.A.form　 B.exchange
C.fire　 D.breathe
解析：D　根据上文的half the atmosphere’s oxygen可知，氧气是我们需要呼吸的。
50.A.life　 B.travel
C.food　 D.exercise
解析：C　根据第五段中的eating fish with healthy population numbers 可知，海洋是数百万动植物的家园并且也是人类丰富食物的来源。
51.A.cleaning　 B.walking
C.waiting　 D.jumping
解析：B　根据下文的or cycling instead of using a car可知，保护森林和海洋的方法是骑自行车而不是用汽车，这属于交通方式。
52.A.negative　 B.great
C.positive　 D.wonderful
解析：A　根据上文的There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.可知，保护森林的方法是不买对雨林有消极影响的产品。
53.A.using　 B.making
C.eating　 D.producing
解析：C　根据上文的eating fish with healthy population numbers可知，此处指少吃肉。
54.A.potential　 B.initial
C.lucky　 D.key
解析：D　根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests可知，此处表示让年轻人关注这些问题是至关重要的。key作形容词时，意为“至关重要的；主要的；关键的”。
55.A.persuaded　 B.advised
C.urged　 D.declared
解析：A　上文提及让年轻人关注这些问题是至关重要的；再根据下文的we’re wasting our time可知，如果年轻人不被说服自然界是重要的话，我们就是在浪费时间。persuade意为“劝说；说服”。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth’s surface， yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored.Scientists believe between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains a mystery.
　　The term “deep sea” doesn’t have 　56　 same meaning to everyone.To fishermen， the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the 　57　（relative） shallow continental shelf.To scientists， the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean.This is the part of the ocean 　58　（deep） than 1，800 meters.
　　It’s difficult to explore the depths 　59　 they are always dark， extremely cold， and under high pressure.Modern scientists recognise the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet.Special tools have been developed 　60　（explore） this cold， dark， pressurized environment.
　　The history of deep sea exploration begins a little late， mainly because advanced technology 　61　（need） for explorations.
　　The deepest part of the earth’s oceans 　62　（be） the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench， at 10，994 meters below sea level.Three people 　63　（visit） the depths of the Challenger Deep so far.
　　Mount Everest would fit inside the Mariana Trench， 　64　 over a mile of extra space above it.
　　While human exploration still occurs， most modern 　65　（discovery） are made using data from robots and sensors.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海底深不可测，人类对它的探索从来没有停止。
56.the 　same一词修饰形容词时前面通常用定冠词the，表特指。
57.relatively　设空处后面的shallow是形容词，因此应用一个副词来修饰它。
58.deeper　根据空后的than可知，这里应用形容词的比较级形式。
59.because　设空处前后两个分句之间是因果关系，因此填入连词because引起一个原因状语从句。
60.to explore　Special tools have been developed后面是一个表目的的状语，因此应用动词不定式形式。
61.is needed　这里表示先进技术“被需要”，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。
62.is　本句主语为The deepest part，而非oceans，因此系动词be用单数形式。
63.have visited　本句时间状语为so far，因此应用现在完成时。
64.with　这里表示一种伴随情况或补充说明，因此应用介词with。
65.discoveries　discovery一词为可数名词，根据空后的are可知，这里应用其复数形式。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以It’s Time to Protect Sea Animals为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
　　1.海洋动物面临的现状——海水污染；
　　2.我们应该怎么做。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
It’s Time to Protect Sea Animals
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
It’s Time to Protect Sea Animals
　　As is known to all， our seas have been polluted because of human activities， such as overfishing and dumping garbage.In fact， the problem is so serious that many sea animals are on the verge of extinction.It is reported that over one million seabirds are killed by ocean pollution each year.
　　Then what should we do to protect sea animals？ For one thing， we should reduce plastic pollution by carrying out 3R Rule， namely Reduce， Reuse and Recycle， because plastic is the most common rubbish that is found in the sea.For another， illegal fishing must be completely forbidden.One of the main consequences of industrial fishing is that some species have been overfished to the point of near extinction.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　5 December 2012 was a very special day for Josephine and Scott Lansing， as it marked the fourth adoption for the Lansings.
　　When they began the journey to adopt their first daughter， Cloe， years ago， Josephine and Scott Lansing never imagined they would eventually have a house full of girls.The couple later adopted Josie in 2011 and Annabelle in 2012.For the Lansing family， adoption is about giving every child the opportunity to grow healthily in a loving home.Scott and Josephine are great advocates for each of their daughters， and they make sure each child knows how special and loved they are.
　　In February 2009， Bethany entered into the care of Child Protective Services due to her mother’s inability to care for her and her brothers and sisters.Her experiences made it very difficult for her to trust adults， since she learned from an early age that she could only count on herself.She lived in a shelter for several months before moving into a foster home （寄养家庭）.Still， Bethany struggled to understand why she had been taken away from the only family she had known.In May 2010， Bethany was placed at Helping Hand Home for Children’s Residential Treatment Center， where her journey to returning to normal finally began.With the patience， support， and guidance of the Helping Hand Home staff， Bethany developed healthy， appropriate ways to express her emotions.She was taught to respect herself， and she learned that it was okay to trust others.
　　When Bethany was introduced to the Lansing family in June 2012， the meeting did not go as smoothly as everyone hoped.Bethany’s insecurities resurfaced due to the suffering she experienced at such a young age， and she refused to talk or even look at the Lansings at their first meeting.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　But the Lansing family had no intention to give up.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　Later， Bethany experienced a lot of exciting things.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　But the Lansing family had no intention to give up.They were patient with Bethany and explained that they wanted to get to know her better and hoped she would one day be part of their family.The other girls shared their stories of coming from the foster care system， and they told her how scared they had been about meeting a new family too and how happy they were now.Soon Bethany’s anxiety eased， and she agreed to go and see her new home.
　　Later， Bethany experienced a lot of exciting things.From many hours spent at the neighbourhood pool to her first trip to the beach， Bethany now lived the life every child deserves.The Lansings celebrated Bethany’s 11th birthday with a pleasant trip.When Bethany returns to Helping Hand Home to visit， the first thing everyone comments on is her self-confidence.The little girl who was once afraid to make eye contact is now a secure， funny young lady who would talk your ear off.
16 / 16单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、核心单词
1.　tale　 n.　　故事；叙述
2.　extend　 vt.　　扩展；使伸长；延长
3.　league　 n.　　等级；水平；联合会；联赛
4.　royal　 adj.　　皇家的；王室的；高贵的
5.　withdraw　 vi.& vt.　　（使）撤回；撤离
6.　channel　 n.　　航道；海峡；频道
7.　bond　 n.　　纽带；关系
vt.& vi.　　增强信任关系；使牢固结合
8.　tournament　 n.　　锦标赛；联赛
9.　laptop　 n.　　笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
10.　applaud　 vt.& vi.　　鼓掌
vt.　　称赞；赞赏
11.　tax　 vt.　　对……征税；使纳税
n.　　税；税款
12.　directory　 n.　　名录；电话号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录
13.　meanwhile　 adv.　　与此同时；（比较两方面）对比之下
14.　opponent　 n.　　反对者；对手；竞争者
15.　log　 vt.　　把……载入正式记录；记录
n.　　正式记录；日志；原木
16.　arrest　 n.　　逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.　　逮捕；拘留；阻止
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The experience created a very special 　bond　 between us.
2.When the audience heard the exciting words， they all stood up and 　applauded　.
3.The incomes of skilled workers went up.　Meanwhile　，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
4.Norris twice knocked down his 　opponent　 in the early rounds of the fight.
5.Police 　arrested　 five young men in connection with one of the attacks.
6.Did you watch the 7 o’clock program on 　Channel　 2 yesterday evening？
7.The company plans to 　extend　 its operations into Europe.
8.The injury has forced him to 　withdraw　 from the competition.
9.I love listening to his 　tales　 of life at sea.
10.Cigarettes are heavily 　taxed　 in Britain， which has caused lots of complaints from tobacco merchants.
二、拓展词汇
1.　negotiate　 vt.商定；达成（协议） vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商
2.　politics　 n.政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政府的；政权的；政党的；党派的
3.　profession　 n.职业；行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n.专业人员；职业运动员
4.　mixture　 n.混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.& vi.（使）混合，掺和，融合
5.　coverage　 n.新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.遮盖；包含；涉及；行走（一段路程）；报道
6.　migration　 n.迁移；迁徙；移居→migrate vt.& vi.迁移；迁徙；移居；（使）转移
7.　murder　 vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n.谋杀；凶杀→murderer n.杀人犯；杀人凶手
8.　mercy　 n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.宽容的；仁慈的；慈悲的
9.　possession　 n.个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.具有；拥有；支配；控制
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.As is known to all， Li Ping is 　merciful　 and she often shows 　mercy　 to the poor.（mercy）
2.Staff are encouraged to use the library for 　professional　 （profession） self-development.
3.Each student dipped a finger into the 　mixture　 （mix）， sucked it and made a face.
4.He was accused as a 　murderer　 （murder） but released innocently.
5.Though dressed poorly， the old man is in 　possession　 （possess） of a large company.
6.Warren said，“We have had meaningful 　negotiations　 （negotiate） and I believe we are very close to a deal.”
7.I must review all my subjects this week， which include Chinese， English， 　politics　 （political）， history， and so on.
三、重点短语
1.　form the foundation of　　　　形成……的基础
2.　set sail　　　起航；开航
3.　find one’s way　　　找到正确的路
4.　a sight to behold　　　壮观的景象
5.　in a league of one’s own　　　独领风骚
6.　under the command of　　　在……的领导下
7.　in return for sth　　　作为对……的回报
8.　withdraw from　　　退出；撤回
9.　for the benefit of　　　为了……的利益
10.　in hand　　　在手头；可供使用
11.　take a picture of　　　给……照相
12.　be home to ...　　　是……的家园
13.　take action　　　采取行动
14.　as well as　　　和；也
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and 　set sail　 for an unknown future.
2.With the limited natural resources， we should 　take action　 to preserve them from being wasted.
3.As you know， 　as well as　 tasty dumplings， what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
4.Shangri-la is really a wonder of nature， which 　is home to　 many kinds of rare birds and animals.
5.　For the benefit of　 more people， we should build more railways.
6.Those men had to work strictly 　under the command of　 their leader.
四、经典句式
1.what引导的宾语从句
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along 　what became known as the Silk Road　 （这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”）.
2.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on， and 　with the latest technology in hand　 （由于拥有了最新技术）， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
3.as引导时间状语从句
Hopefully， 　as technology improves　 （随着技术的进步）， we may have more options for managing this balance.
4.so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
The son 　loved his parents so much that　 （如此爱他的父母，以至于） he promised not to swim.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.We all consider 　what you said　 to be unbelievable， for you’re always lying to us.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的，因为你总是对我们撒谎。
2.　With much work to do　， I had to put off the meeting.
有太多的工作要做，我不得不推迟这次会议。
3.　As more and more forests are being cut down　， some species are dying out.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些物种正在灭绝。
4.He 　was so tired that　 he fell asleep as soon as he reached home.
他太累了，一到家就睡着了。
3 / 3Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
复习动词不定式
①To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
②Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
③Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
④These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
⑤To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
⑥The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
⑦Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.
⑧China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
⑨Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中的黑体部分都用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句①和句⑤中作　主语　，在句⑦和句⑧中作　宾语　，在句②中作　宾语补足语　，在句⑥中作　表语　，在句④和句⑨中作　定语　，在句③中作　目的状语　。
2.动词不定式的一般式的结构为　to do　；完成式的结构为　to have done　。
一、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，它多表示具体的或某次具体行为。
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语可以表示将来特定的某一次具体动作。
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent.
再利用和回收这种垃圾在很大程度上是节约资源。
（2023·1月浙江卷）But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。
名师点津
动词不定式短语作主语时可以组成常用句式“It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb to do sth”，其中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语，且当形容词表达事物的特征时，其后用for sb，而当形容词表达人的特征或品质时，其后用of sb。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他贡献这么多，真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low carbon life.
对我们来说，过低碳生活很重要。
To predict the future with certainty is impossible.
＝It is impossible to predict the future with certainty.
准确地预测未来是不可能的。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
　①　To grasp　 （grasp） all is to lose all.
②It is important for us students 　to work　 （work） out on a regular basis.
③It will be beneficial for you 　to adapt　 （adapt） to the new environment and life.
④You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then 　to put　（put） all those rocks into place.
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体动作或将来动作，系动词除be外，还有seem、 appear等。
（1）带wh-疑问词的动词不定式短语可作表语。
（2）句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to。
Her wish is to become a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
He seems （appears） to be living in the area.
他似乎正住在这个地区。
The least I can do is （to） write to you.
我至少能做到的是给你写信。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
　①What the plan does is 　（to） ensure　 （ensure） a fair pension for all.
②To know everything is 　to know　 （know） nothing.
③There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart’s desire.The other is 　to get　 （get） it.
3.作宾语
英语中有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，该动词习惯上要用动词不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词（及短语动词）主要有：
三个希望两答应：hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand、 ask、 refuse
设法学会做决定：manage、 learn、 decide
不要假装在选择：pretend、 choose
What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.
我想知道的是我们什么时候发工资。
He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.
听了这些话，他啼笑皆非。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.
你有必要向别人学习。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you tend 　to be distracted　 （distract） in class.
②If it is convenient for you next Tuesday， I expect 　to have　 （have） a wonderful talk with you.
③Inspired by Dr Yuan， I’m determined 　to study　 （study） hard now.
④To arouse students’ interest in learning English， we’ve planned 　to hold an English Drama Competition　.　（邀请信）
为了激发学生学习英语的兴趣，我们计划举办一次英语戏剧比赛。
4.作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常位于所修饰的词之后，即作后置定语，说明被修饰词的特征。
（1）抽象名词ability、 attempt、 chance、 courage、 decision、 effort、 failure、 promise、 way、 wish等后常接动词不定式作定语。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices？
你们能想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法吗？
I’ve got my wife and son to look after.
我还有妻子和儿子需要照顾。
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
但是她放弃了出国的机会。
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？
昨晚谁是最后一个离开教室的？
名师点津
（1）如果动词不定式和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时常须在动词不定式前加“要”字。
（2）在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
【即时演练4】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way 　to explore　 （explore） the city.
②（2023·1月浙江卷）The last day 　to cancel　 （cancel） registration and receive a full refund is 15 June.
③I’m glad you’ve got the chance 　to study　 （study） in China and I really do suggest you come.
5.作状语
动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
We went there to see our grandparents.（表示目的）
我们去那里看我们的祖父母。
I am very sorry to hear that.（表示原因）
听到这，我很抱歉。
She hurried home only to find her father dead.（表示结果）
她匆匆赶到家，却发现父亲已经去世了。
He cleared his throat as though to speak.（表示方式）
他清了清喉咙，好像要说话的样子。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作目的状语除了用to do表示外，还可以用in order to do或so as to do。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前往往有only作为标志。
【即时演练5】　单句语法填空
　①The boy worked so hard 　to make　 （make） up for the lost time.
②After the war they left home， never 　to see　 （see） each other again.
③　To live　 （live） is to function.That is all there is in living.
④Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only 　to find　 （find） it didn’t fit.
6.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 command、 inspire、 encourage等。
（2）一些使役动词（如make、 let、 have等）和表示感觉的动词或动词短语（如see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 hear、 feel、 look at、 listen to等）作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to。
The lady had the beggar eat with her servants.
那个女士让乞丐和她的仆人们一起吃饭。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让那个淘气的男孩在那儿站了一个小时。
I noticed the woman leave the party at about 10 o’clock.
我注意到那位女士大约10点钟离开了聚会。
名师点津
在某些表示心理状态的动词（如believe、 find、 consider、 prove、 suppose、 think、 declare等）后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是“to be＋形容词”，这时，这些动词后的to be通常可以省略。
They believe him （to be） innocent.
他们相信他是无辜的。
【即时演练6】　完成句子
　①His father doesn’t allow him 　to play computer games　.
他的爸爸不允许他玩电脑游戏。
②The thief was seen 　to get on　 the bus.
有人看见小偷上了公共汽车。
③The policeman observed the man 　open the window　.
警察看见这个人打开了窗户。
二、动词不定式的形式
1.动词不定式的主动形式
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done
（1）动词不定式的一般式（to do）所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
I noticed him go out.
我看见他出去了。（notice与go out同时发生）
I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.
我打算参加明天举行的聚会。（attend的动作在plan后发生）
（2）动词不定式的进行式（to be doing）表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道，他们正努力地工作。（be reported与work同时发生）
I am very glad to be working with you.
我非常乐意与你一起工作。（be glad与work同时发生）
（3）动词不定式的完成式（to have done）表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I’m very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
很抱歉让你久等了。（keep发生在be sorry前）
He is believed to have come.
相信他已经来了。（come发生在believe前）
名师点津
（1）在intended、 expected、 hoped、 promised等动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。
（2）在seem、 appear等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成式表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
He seems to have bought the new book.
＝It seems that he has bought the new book.
他好像已经买了那本新书。
2.动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。
形式 构成 意义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.
有时被理解并不是一件容易的事。
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并没有什么危害发生。（harm是do的承受者，且发生在seem前）
名师点津
want、 need、 require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动词-ing形式的主动形式。
The house wants repairing/to be repaired.
这座房子需要修理了。
These flowers need watering/to be watered once a day.
这些花需要每天浇一次水。
【即时演练7】　单句语法填空/完成句子
　①He isn’t feeling well.He appears 　to have caught　 （catch） a cold.
②He had intended 　to return　 （return） after receiving the first letter from Tess.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle 　to be heard　 （hear）.
④When her parents came back last night，she 　happened to be doing her homework　.
昨天晚上当她父母回来时，她碰巧正在做作业。
profession n.职业；行业
【教材原句】　Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return. 亨利·诺曼·白求恩把他的生命和职业生涯都用来帮助人们，而不求任何回报。
【用法】
（1）by profession 　 　在职业上；就职业来说 （2）professional adj.　　专业的；职业的；职业性的 n.　　专业人员；职业运动员 （3）professionally adv.　　职业地
【佳句】　①A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen lover of the piano.
史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴。
②After he won the amateur championship he turned professional.
他获得业余比赛的冠军后便转为职业运动员了。
③A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally.
医生把病人的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He dealt with the problem in a highly 　professional　 （profession） way.
②Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook 　by　 profession.
【写美】　完成句子
③　Whatever profession you choose　， work hard to be the best！
无论你选择什么职业，努力做到最好吧！
④If it’s a legal matter you need 　to seek professional advice　.
如果是法律问题，你需要寻求专业建议。
⑤Since they were professionals， the situation 　was handled professionally　.
因为他们是专业人士，所以情况得到了专业的处理。
mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
【教材原句】　Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.
远渡重洋往往既危险又无聊。
【用法】
（1）mix vi.& vt.（使）混合；（使）掺和 mix with 　　与……混合；融合 mix A with B＝mix A and B （together）　　把A与B混合起来/融合在一起 mix up 　　混淆；弄混；弄乱 （2）mixed adj.　　混合的；混杂的 have mixed feelings （about sb/sth）　　（对……）有矛盾的感情
【佳句】　With a mixture of fear and anxiety， Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her friend.带着恐惧和焦虑，玛丽开始离开餐厅去寻找她的朋友。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I listened to his adventure with a 　mixture　 （mix） of amusement and disbelief.
②I don’t like to mix business 　with　 pleasure.
【写美】　完成句子
③Looking back on his childhood， he 　is full of mixed feelings　.
回顾他的童年，他充满了复杂的感情。
④The reason why I love the city is 　that it is a mixture of old and new buildings　.
我喜欢这个城市的原因是它是新旧建筑的混合体。
applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
【教材原句】　The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.
观众起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
【用法】
（1）applaud for　　　　为……鼓掌/喝彩 （2）applause n.　　鼓掌；掌声 gain one’s applause　　赢得某人的掌声 burst into thunderous/storming applause　　爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【佳句】　The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding.
选手们用娴熟的双手缝制、粘贴，同学们在一旁欢呼、鼓掌。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①All her teachers and classmates applauded 　for　 her and there was a wide smile on her face.
②When I finished my performance， the audience burst into 　applause　 （applaud）.
【写美】　完成句子
③His perfect performance 　gained the audience’s applause　.
他精彩的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
维度一：基础题型练
1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I feel an urge 　to express　 （express） my different voices，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.
2.I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race 　to be held　 （hold） in our playground this Saturday morning.
3.Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings seemed 　to have lost　 （lose） its energy.
4.In my opinion， it is necessary for us 　to practice　 （practice） kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy.
5.　To solve　 （solve） this problem， you must combine theory with practice.
6.The next morning， we hurried into the kitchen and looked for Dad， only 　to find　 （find） that he had gone out.
7.My suggestion is that you should take this opportunity 　to prove　 （prove） yourself.
维度二：语法与写作
1.上初三时，我的目标是成为全班最好的学生。（动词不定式作表语）
　When I was a junior three student， my aim was to be the best student in my class.　
2.为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬夜学习到半夜。（动词不定式作目的状语和宾语）
　To achieve this goal， I decided to stay up to study until midnight like my deskmate.　
3.我努力第一个到，最后一个走，却发现我上课总是发困。（动词不定式作定语和结果状语）
　I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave， only to find myself always sleepy in class.　
4.保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（动词不定式作真正主语）
　It was very important to have enough sleep.　
5.他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。（动词不定式作宾语补足语）
　He advised me to make a plan that/which is suitable for myself.　
维度三：语法与语篇
　　用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　Not that long ago， my first thought at mealtimes was 1.　to eat　 （eat） at a restaurant.I was eager 2.　to try　 （try） new restaurants.3.　To eat　 （eat） out was also a social activity，allowing me 4.　to enhance　 （enhance） the relationship with my friends.I often ate out until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of recipes in the app 5.　to choose　 （choose） from.They are uploaded by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try， I discovered that it was not that difficult 6.　to make　 （make） a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks， I’ve thrown myself into home cooking， from boiling noodles in the pot to 7.　frying　 （fry） steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not only is cooking at home cheaper， but I can cook exactly what I want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking！
　　Now I am good at 8.　cooking　 （cook） a couple of dishes.My plan is 9.　to invite　 （invite） my friends over at the weekend 10.　to show　 （show） them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my cooking！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·山东六校高二下月考）The quality of our seafood has been in the news a lot lately.A new study has found that people who eat seafood are also eating plastic — 11，000 pieces of microplastic per year to be exact.
　　Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium found that seafood eaters are consuming plastic at a concerning rate.
　　“Per serving of mussels， which contains about 300 grams of mussel meat， you get 300 pieces of plastic inside your body，” researchers wrote.Researchers don’t yet know the implications of eating microplastic， but they worry that it could have negative consequences on our health.
　　While we don’t know what microplastic does yet to humans， we do know what it does to sea animals.In prior studies， scientists have found that when fish eat microplastics， it prevents their growth and changes their feeding patterns.In fact， fish will stop eating natural sources of nutrients， and only go for plastic.
　　When you’re done using plastic， a small portion may be recycled.However， more than likely it’s in a landfill or making its way towards the ocean.Once trash hits the water， sea creatures may mistake it for food.This often leads to poisoning or death.If the marine animal gets caught for human consumption， the plastic may very well make its way back to you — on your dinner plate.
　　According to a study published in Science magazine， eight million tons of plastic go into our waterways every year.The problem is so serious that scientists say that by 2050 the weight of plastic in our oceans will outweigh fish.And just because it’s out of sight doesn’t mean it should be out of mind.
　　There’s no immediate way to prevent microplastic from ending up in your body.However， you can help reduce the amount of plastic reaching rivers， lakes and oceans in the first place.You can make a difference with your choices every day.Even small changes will add up.While your salmon dinner may contain microplastic， you can help prevent the future generations from having that same problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类不负责任地将塑料丢进海洋，可是，让我们意想不到的是，这些塑料又通过海洋生物回到了我们的餐桌。
1.What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Real functions. B.Possible effects.
C.Logical reasons. D.Potential benefits.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，作者这里在谈论海鲜中所含塑料微粒对人类所带来的影响。因此画线词意为“可能的影响”。
2.What can we learn about microplastics in the oceans？（　　）
A.They make fish grow quickly. B.Fish are sick and tired of them.
C.Fish tend to be addicted to them. D.They don’t affect fish’s eating habits.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，海洋中的塑料微粒会影响鱼类的生长、改变它们的饮食习惯；而且，它们可能会放弃原来有营养的食物而喜欢上塑料。
3.Which proverb can best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.You get what you pay for. B.There is no smoke without fire.
C.Everything happens for a reason. D.What goes around comes around.
解析：D　段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段主要告诉我们：我们丢弃的塑料最终又回到了我们的餐桌。也就是说去的（goes around）又回来了（comes around）。
4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the last paragraph？（　　）
A.To give us a final warning. B.To appeal to us for action.
C.To offer us a brief summary. D.To send us a gentle reminder.
解析：B　写作意图题。根据最后两段可知，倒数第二段指出我们所面临形势的严峻性，最后一段主要呼吁我们采取实际行动来解决此问题。
B
　　（2024·郑州高二下期末）A scientist has spent forty years studying the Loch Ness monster （尼斯湖水怪）. Why does this mythical monster attract so many people？
　　Adrian Shine has patrolled （巡逻） lakes by day and night. He’s taken countless photos， and he’s used all the latest technological advances to uncover the mystery behind Loch Ness monster. Twenty-five years ago this week， he led a search of Loch Ness called Operation Deepscan.
　　Shine may have gone to unusual lengths in his hunt for the Loch Ness monster， but he is far from alone in being attracted by it. Willie Cameron， an expert on the Highland tourism market， says about one million people visit Loch Ness and the surrounding area every year， with the value to the economy worth about ￡25m. And he says more than 85% of them are attracted by the phenomenon of the Loch Ness monster. “Loch Ness has become a brand as big as Elvis Presley， Madonna and Coca-Cola — but by default rather than design，” he says.
　　So when did the Loch Ness monster gain such mythical status， and what is the fascination with finding it？ Jonathan Downes， director of the Centre for Fortean Zoology， says the legend of the monster dates back to the 6th century， but it was not until the 1930s that it really took off. Since then there has been a number of sightings， with more than a thousand people insisting they have seen creatures in Loch Ness.
　　Downes says the strange thing about the Loch Ness monster is that although it is “the most iconic mystery creature”， it is actually the one with the least amount of evidence of its existence. So-called physical evidence has turned out to be false， he says. So most of the legend around what lies in Loch Ness comes from stories and sightings.
　　And Shine has first-hand experience of how unreliable they can be. However， Shine says it is hard to get rid of people’s belief. Lots of locals， too， believe there is something hiding in the loch， according to Cameron. But Shine， who now is still hoping to find out what is behind the mystery， says the beauty of the monster myth is that no one can disprove it. “If Operation Deepscan proved one thing， it is that you can’t kill a legend with science，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。尼斯湖水怪被称为世界十大自然之谜之一。本文通过几位专家的观点说明这一怪兽很有可能只是子虚乌有的美丽传说。
5.The Loch Ness monster was compared to Elvis Presley for 　　　　.（　　）
A.they both come from the US
B.they’re both extremely famous
C.they’re both based on legend stories
D.they both improved the tourism industry
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者之所以将尼斯湖水怪与Elvis Presley、Madonna 及Coca-Cola等明星及知名品牌并列，是因为他们都具有非常高的知名度与广泛的影响力。
6.The Loch Ness monster has been widely known by people 　　　　.（　　）
A.since 100 years ago B.since 90 years ago
C.since 60 years ago D.since 50 years ago
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，尼斯湖水怪的传说可以追溯到公元6世纪，但是直到20世纪30年代它才真正广为人知。
7.According to Jonathan Downes， what’s strange about the Loch Ness monster？（　　）
A.It has worldwide influence.
B.It becomes a symbol of an area.
C.It seldom comes out in the daytime.
D.It lacks enough proof for its existence.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在Jonathan Downes看来，关于尼斯湖水怪，最为奇怪的是它虽然影响力很大，但是并没有任何证据证明其真正存在。
8.What’s Adrian Shine’s attitude towards the Loch Ness monster？（　　）
A.Curious.　　　　　 B.Puzzled.
C.Doubtful. 　 D.Positive.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Adrian Shine根据自己第一手经历认为尼斯湖水怪这一传说是不可靠的，再结合他的讲话可以判断，他对此持怀疑态度。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·昆明高二下质检）French explorer Jacques Cartier is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
　　Like many other European explorers，Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold，and perhaps a shortcut to Asia.9.（　　） It became France’s main route into Canada.
　　Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany， a province of France.In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia.
　　10.（　　） There he and his crew explored the land around the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans.When he sailed back to France， he took with him two native Americans.
　　11.（　　） This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River.The two Native Americans he had taken before had learned French， and they served as guides.About 260 miles inland， Cartier reached the Native American village of Stadacona.Today， the city of Quebec stands near that place.
　　Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada.12.（　　） After returning to France he reported tales told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
　　Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541.13.（　　） When he returned to France in 1542，he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （黄铁矿） （fool’s gold） and quartz （石英）.
A.A second voyage came in May 1535.
B.Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C.The bitter cold surprised them， and some of the men died.
D.He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E.Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F.He explored further and found what he thought were gold and diamonds.
G.In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is now Canada.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
9.B　根据空前的Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold ...和空后的It became France’s main route into Canada.可知，B项（相反，雅克·卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河）符合语境，且空后的It指的就是B项中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10.G　根据上文中的In about 1534，the king of France asked him to lead an expedition可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃横渡大西洋到了现在的加拿大。G项中的时间与上文相符，符合语境。
11.A　根据空后的This time， Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ...可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃进行了第二次航行。故A项符合语境。
12.C　根据空前的the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada可知，C项（加拿大的严寒令卡蒂埃和船员们难以承受，其中一些船员死于严寒）符合语境。
13.F　根据空前的Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic和空后的he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite （fool’s gold） and quartz可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他进一步探险，发现了他认为是黄金和宝石的“宝物”。故F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·济南高二下期末）MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to when she was just 4 years old， when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.“It 　14　 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world.And as a child， that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 　15　，” she explained.
　　This experience　16　 a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world.Growing up in the countryside， she had no idea how to 　17　 it.However， she knew that that was what she wanted to do at some stage.So she acquired knowledge and 　18　 for years to seek her dream in sailing.Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years， she 　19　 could afford the right equipment.By reaching such 　20　goals and asking technical questions about 　21　， MacArthur felt as though she was getting 　22　 to her ambition.
　　“The impossible could be possible and 　23　 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said.And it seems that MacArthur’s 　24　 to become a sailor went beyond her expectations.At the age of 24， she started to 　25　media attention after winning the second place in the Vendée Globe， a single-handed non-stop yacht （帆船） race that went around the world.
　　Four years later， MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours，　26　 more than 26，000 miles.This led her to set a new record.　27　 this record has been surpassed （超过），MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
　　So when you know where you’re going， you can actually get there — even if it seems　28　！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。
14.A.benefited　　　　　　 B.struck
C.taught　 D.treated
解析：B　“我”突然想到，这艘船拥有带“我们”到世界上任何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb that ...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”。
15.A.wonder　 B.magic
C.direction　 D.freedom
解析：D　这一切让麦克阿瑟开阔了眼界，感受到极大的自由感。
16.A.lighted　 B.left
C.carried　 D.invented
解析：A　这次经历点燃了她想环游世界的激情。
17.A.approach　 B.gain
C.achieve　 D.forget
解析：C　她想要环游世界，从小在乡下长大的她不知道如何做到这一点。
18.A.made up　 B.saved up
C.turned up　 D.picked up
解析：B　她为此获取知识，攒了多年的钱。
19.A.eventually　 B.fortunately
C.gradually　 D.definitely
解析：A　八年里，她只吃土豆和豆类，终于攒够了钱购买合适的设备。
20.A.personal　 B.financial
C.final　 D.academic
解析：B　这里指做好了经济上和航海知识上的储备，询问的应该是航海技术问题。
21.A.school　 B.sailing
C.driving　 D.business
解析：B　参见上题解析。
22.A.further　 B.deeper
C.closer　 D.smarter
解析：C　麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己追求的目标越来越近了。
23.A.working　 B.designing
C.meaning　 D.aiming
解析：D　不可能的事也可能发生，把目标定得高并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。
24.A.lesson　 B.mind
C.confidence　 D.plan
解析：D　麦克阿瑟成为一名航海者的计划似乎超出了她的预期。
25.A.accept　 B.receive
C.enjoy　 D.keep
解析：B　她开始受到媒体的关注。
26.A.including　 B.reaching
C.covering　 D.floating
解析：C　四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14个小时，航程超过26，000英里。
27.A.After　 B.When
C.Whether　 D.While
解析：D　尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的航海赛选手。
28.A.impossible　 B.constant
C.valuable　 D.available
解析：A　所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你实际可以到达那里，即使这看起来是不可能的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　China’s new deep-sea manned submersible Fendouzhe set a 29.　　　　　　 （nation） diving record of 10，909 meters in the Mariana Trench.Only a few people 30.　　　　　　 （visit） the bottom of the Mariana Trench so far.
　　Four hours after the task started， a group photo of three Chinese divers was sent back， with each one 31.　　　　　　 （carry） a food plate in hand.They decided to work for six hours after they reached 32.　　　　　　 deepest spot.That spot is known as the Challenger Deep， with a 33.　　　　　　 （deep） of over 10，900 meters.The water pressure is 110 kPa， 34.　　　　　　 makes designing and operating submersibles difficult.
　　The cabin covering uses titanium （钛）， a perfect material with high strength that allows the submersible 35.　　　　　　 （bear） water pressure at 10，000 meters under the sea.Powered by a battery， Fendouzhe can pick up samples from the surrounding environment 36.　　　　　　 its flexible robotic arms， which can work with the accuracy of one centimeter.
　　Sylvia Earle， former chief scientist of the US NOAA， said that the world is 37.　　　　　　 （current） in the greatest age of deep-sea research.China now is leading the world in many aspects of deep-sea 38.　　　　　　 （explore）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国新型深海载人潜水器“奋斗者”在马里亚纳海沟潜水10，909米，创下中国载人深潜新纪录。
29.national　设空处作定语，应用形容词修饰名词短语diving record。故填national。
30.have visited　根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语people表示复数意义，助动词用have，故填have visited。
31.carrying　此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语each one指代上文的divers，动词carry和divers之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填carrying。
32.the　形容词最高级deepest前应用定冠词the。
33.depth　分析句子结构并结合空前的a可知，设空处应用名词，故填depth。
34.which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整句话，在从句中作主语，故填which。
35.to bear　allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事。故填to bear。
36.with　根据语境可知，此处指“用其灵活的机械臂”，应用介词with。
37.currently　设空处作状语，应用副词形式，故填currently。
38.exploration　设空处应用名词作宾语，exploration意为“探索”，为不可数名词。
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